RIVER YAMUNA – WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN IN DELHI DECEMBER, 2012 CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India) Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi – 110032 Website: www.cpcb.nic.in Table of Contents 1.0 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................. 1 2.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 2.1 AREA .................................................................................................................................... 1 2.2 POPULATION ..................................................................................................................... 2 2.3 WATER SUPPLY ................................................................................................................ 2 3.0 WATER QUALITY OF RIVER YAMUNA .................................................................. 5 4.0 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ....................................................................................... 6 4.1 Methodology .................................................................................................................... 6 5.0 SOURCES OF POLLUTION .......................................................................................... 6 5.1 Wazirabad to Okhla Stretch (Drains Discharging in Yamuna) ........................................ 7 5.1.1 Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis ...................................................................... 9 5.1.2 Drains Discharging in Canals ................................................................................. 12 5.2 Major Drains discharging in Delhi Stretch of river Yamuna between Wazirabad to Okhla stretch .................................................................................................................. 13 5.2.1 Najafgarh drain ....................................................................................................... 14 5.2.2 Delhi Gate drain ...................................................................................................... 16 5.2.3 Sen Nursing Home drain ......................................................................................... 16 5.2.4 Barapulla Drain ....................................................................................................... 16 5.2.5 Tugalkabad drain .................................................................................................... 16 5.2.6 Shahdara drain ........................................................................................................ 16 5.3 Existing Infrastructure Facility for Waste Water Management and Status of Sewage Treatment Plants ............................................................................................................ 17 5.3.1 Sewerage System .................................................................................................... 17 5.3.2 Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) ............................................................................. 18 5.3.3 Industrial Waste Water and Performance Of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPS) ................................................................................................................. 33 5.3.4 Status of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPS) ........................................ 33 6.0 OBSERVATION OF THE STUDY .............................................................................. 34 6.1 Major observations of the STPs inspected by CPCBs team........................................... 50 7.0 MAJOR FINDINGS ...................................................................................................... 54 8.0 ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION............................................................................ 55 9.0 ISSUES GOVERNING WITH DELHI JAL BOARD .................................................. 57 ii 9.1 Multiplicity of Civic Agencies in Delhi ......................................................................... 57 9.2 Stake Holder Civic Agencies ......................................................................................... 57 10.0 WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE ..................................................................................... 58 11.0 STRATEGY FOR MANAGEMENT OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND STPS........... 60 11.1 Immediate and Short Term Measures ............................................................................ 60 11.2 Sustainable and Medium Term Measures ...................................................................... 61 11.3 Long Term Measures ..................................................................................................... 61 11.3.1 Regular interaction meeting of stake holders .......................................................... 61 11.3.2 Proposal for interception of other drains ................................................................ 61 11.3.3 Bioremediation and Phycoremediation of Treated Sewage .................................... 62 11.3.4 Insitu Aeration of Drains and River Water ............................................................. 62 11.3.5 Encroachment of river bed ...................................................................................... 62 11.3.6 Maintenance of STPs .............................................................................................. 62 11.3.7 Automation of STPs ................................................................................................ 62 11.3.8 Discharge of Sewage and industrial waste from Ghaziabad to River Yamuna ...... 63 11.3.9 Use of Treated Sewage in Agriculture .................................................................... 63 11.3.10 Water quality degradation due to Idol Immersion and other religious activities .... 63 11.3.11 Futuristic Standard of Treated Sewage ................................................................... 63 ANNEXURE-I .............................................................................................................................. 65 COMMUNICATION MADE WITH AMECUS CURIAE .......................................................... 65 ANNEXURE-II............................................................................................................................. 67 WATER QUALITY PROFILE AND TREND OF RIVER YAMUNA (WAZIRABAD DOWNSTREAM .......................................................................................................................... 67 ANNEXURE-III ........................................................................................................................... 69 QUALITY AND FLOW ANALYSIS OF DRAINS .................................................................... 69 iii 1.0 BACKGROUND The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in its order dated 30th October, 2012 in the matter of Writ Petition (Civil) No. 725/1994, titled as News Item Published in Hindustan Times titled ‘And Quite Flows the Maily Yamuna’; directed- - “Central Pollution Control Board to submit a report before this Court as to how many STP are working to their optimum capacity and whether the treated affluent or domestic discharge is again put back into the main polluted drain.” - “The Board to inform the Court as to the measures that can be directed to be taken by the concerned authorities in order to ensure that the treated discharge/affluent is not put back into the polluted drains. The team, which shall visit and inspect the sites, in terms of orders of this Court and submit a report thereto, shall consist of Member Secretary of the Central Pollution Control Board and the Chief Engineer of the Delhi Jal Board” Central Pollution Control Board submitted the Interim report on “River Yamuna- Wastewater Management Plan in Delhi” to Hon’ble Supreme Court of India on 9th November, 2012. The Hon’ble Court in its order dated 09/11/2012 further order and directed- - “At the request of the learned counsel , we grant him three weeks' time to complete the joint inspection. Let the final inspection report be filed before this Court within the aforesaid period.” - “We make it clear that we expect definite suggestions from the Joint Committee in regard to providing of proper drainage system as well as the manner in which the pollution of Yamuna can be controlled and it will be converted from Maily Yamuna to Clean Yamuna, in the larger interest of the public.” 2.0 INTRODUCTION 2.1 AREA The National Capital Territory of Delhi is spread over an area of 1,483 km2 out of which 783 km2 (302 sq mi) is designated rural and 700 km2 urban. There are three local bodies managing the affairs in Delhi namely, Municipal Corporation of Delhi (area of 1,397.3 km2), New Delhi Municipal Committee (area of 42.7 km2) and Delhi Cantonment Board (area of 43 km2) 1 2.2 POPULATION Delhi is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 1, 67, 53,235 inhabitants as per the 2011 Census. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns). The name Delhi is often used to include urban areas near the NCT, as well as to refer to New Delhi, the capital of India, which lies within the metropolis. The population of Delhi expected to increase by 40% by the year 2020. Decadal population growth of Delhi is depicted in Figure 1. Population Growth in Delhi 250