Edition—Thirty-two Thousand THE CRISIS

A. RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES

Vol. 6—No. 3 JULY, 1913 Wkole No. 33

Educational Number

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Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS

A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES

PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE. AT 26 VESEY STREET. NEW YORK CITY Conducted by W. E. Burghardt Du Bois

Contents for July, 1913

COVER PICTURE. STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF INDIANA.

ARTICLES Page

THE SCHOOLING OF THE NEGRO. By Jose Clarana 133

FROM IOWA TO MISSISSIPPI. By G. S. Dickerman 137

ROBERT GOULD SHAW HOUSE AND ITS WORK. By Isabel Eaton.. 141

DEPARTMENTS

ALONG THE COLOR LINE Ill

MEN OF THE MONTH 122

OPINION 127

EDITORIAL 130

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE 144

AS OTHERS SEE 145

TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR

FOREIGN" SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA RENEWAlS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscription is desired. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desired ; In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given Two „PPi notice is required. ' MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned. accom- Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York N Y 108 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER Fisk University Agricultural and NASHVILLE, TENN. Founded 1866 H. H. Wright, Dean Mechanical College Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educa­ tional and Social Science Courses. Pioneer in Negro music. Special study in Negro State summer school for colored history. Ideal and sanitary buildings and grounds. teachers. Fourteenth annual Well-equipped Science building. session began June 23, 1913, and Christian home life. High standards of independent manhood continues five weeks. Board, and womanhood. lodging and fees for the session, $14.00. Limited accommodations. Atlanta University Send $1.00 in advance and reserve Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta, 6a. The courses of study include High School, Nor­ room. For catalog or further mal School and College, with manual training and domestic science. Among the teachers are information address: graduates of Yale, Harvard, Dartmouth, Smith and Wellesley. Forty-two years of successful work have been completed. Students come from STATE SUMMER SCHOOL all parts of the South. Graduates are almost universally successful. Agricultural and For further information address Mechanical College President EDWARD T. WARE GREENSBORO, N. C. ATLANTA GA.

"In the Heart of the Healthy Hills" Knoxville College The Agricultural and Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location. The Best Moral and Spiritual Environment. Mechanical College A Splendid Intellectual Atmosphere. NORMAL, ALABAMA Noted for Honest and Thorough Work. Makes a special effort to meet the needs of Offers full courses in the following departments: young people who must work out their own salva College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and tion. It gives breadwinners a chance to go to Industrial. school and so puts a first--class English education and Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good a trade within the reach of every young person of push and purpose. drainage. Expenses very reasonable. Board, lodging and washing cost $9 per month. Opportunity for Self-help. An entrance fee of $10 covers medicine, hospital Fall Term Begins September, 1913. care and doctor's bill for the year. School opens the first Monday in October and For information address closes the last Thursday in May. President R. W. McGRANAHAN WALTER S. BUCHANAN, President KNOXVILLE, TENN. Send your boy South—the land of Opportunity. The Prairie "View State Normal and Industrial College of Texas. E. L. Blacksnear, Principal. W. C. Rollins, Treasurer. Largest State institution for Virginia Union University colored youth in the United States. Excellent literary, scientific and industrial advantages. Ex­ penses low—ideal climate—new buildings. RICHMOND, VA. For particulars address: A College Department, of high standards and H. J. MASON, Secretary modern curriculum. Prairie View Waller County, Texas A Theological Department, with all subjects generally required in the best theological seminaries. An Academy, with manual training, giving a ST. MARY'S SCHOOL preparation for life or for college. An Episcopal boarding and day school The positive moral and religious aim of the for girls, under the direction of the Sisters school, its high standards of entrance and of class work, its fine new buildings and well-equipped of St. Mary. Address: laboratories and library prepare a faithful student THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE for a life of wide usefulness. 611 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia, Pa. GEORGE RICE HOVEY, President THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 109

REBECCA L. FURR SHERMAN S. FURR THE TEXARKANA GRUB-AX Fisk, '01, Principal Pres. and Gen. Mgr. A paper for1 Lho ma ,nos as woll as for the Classen. Primarily It la a home ^papor, as It appeal* to every member of the family. Subscription price. $1 the year.

Rov. J. H. CLAYBORN, Editor and Manager 119 E. 9th Street Texarkana, Ark.

'Phonos: Resident, ,".15; OlTico, 642; Hospital, 403. OR. J. R. SHE PPAR D Physician and Surgeon Chief surgeon and superintendent of Sheppard Sanitarium and Nurse Training School. Marshall Texas

'Phone 288. DR. CHARLES B. JOHNSON Surgeon Dentist II I'/a W. Houston Avenue - - - - Marshall, Tex.

'Phones: Residence, 159; Office, 402. DR. P. L. HARROLD Physician and Surgeon Practicing Physician of Wiley University and King Home Marshall Texas

DR. 0. LOYATUS BLEDSOE Medicine and Surgery

Office, McPhail Bldg., 111

Long distance 'phone 2008. NEWPORT NEWS TRAINING FRED. T. JONES. M. D. SCHOOL, INC. Founder and House Surgeon of Mercy Sanitarium 1251 Twenty-seventh Street Office, 852 Texas Avenue .... Shreveport, La. Newport News ... Virginia 'Phones: Old, 2008; New, 606. DR. WILLIAM HOWARD Dentist Special attention given to children Offlce hours: 8:30 a. m. to 5:30 p. m. Night, 8 to 9 p. m. Inter-State Industrial College G50 Texas Avenue Shreveport, La. We Train the Head, Heart and Hand 'Phone 801. One hundred and fifteen acres of land situated in CENTRAL PHARMACY DRUG STORE healthy climate. Capable faculty; efficient work in Recently installed new and modern equipments. The most industrial and literary training. Dormitories for up-to-date colored drug store in East Texas. Orders by mail or 'phone receive prompt attention. Wheel delivery. boys and girls. Assistance for deserving poor. 213 State Street Texarkana, Tex. Interdenominational contributions solicited.

RUFUS S. STOUT, President THE 0. K. SHINING PARLOR Texarkana ------Texas For Ladies and Gentlemen Excellent service. The most up-to-date parlor in the city. Also clothes cleaned and pressed. All work guaranteed. 3l4'/ W. Broad Street Texarkana, Tex. A Race Between Two Straits 2 R. L. D. EASLEY handles life, health and accident insurance for old, reliable companies of New York and A New Book on Labor Unions and Bad Chicago. Write or call 1225 Phcnia Ave., Texarkana, Tex. Politicians by Rev. W. B. Reed, For auto service or physician call Newport, R. I. DR. J. W. LONG Office. 218 W. Broad Street; New 'Phone 976 Residence. 1508 North Street; New 'Phone 955 The book shows that labor unions are the Texarkana Texas greatest menace to-day to American man­ 'Phones: hood and freedom. Read the book and Residence, New 831: Old 964. Offlce. New 854; Old 973. know the truth. Price 25c. Sold by The DR. G. U JAMISON Physician and Surgeon Crisis. Agents wanted everywhere. Write 213 State Street Texarkana. Tex. REV. W. B. REED 'Phones 973 and 1172. Newport - -- - - R. I. DR. HARVEY SPARKS Physician and Surgeon INFORMATION WANTED Offlce over Central Pharmacy Texarkana, Tex. 'Phones: Residence, 80; Office. 09. DR. T. E. SPEED Information regarding the present residence of Physician and Surgeon National Grand Master U. B. F. & S. M. T.; Susan Smith, who lived at 2049 Seventh Avenue, Grand Medical Director K. of P. Lodges of jurisdiction of Texas; New York, in the vear 1895. Valuable information Dean Nurse Training Department, Bishop College. for her. Address F. E. S., care THE CRISIS. JefFerson Texas

Mention THE CRISIS. 110 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER OF INTEREST TO GUARANTEED 5 YEARS VOCAL STUDENTS cents Tone Placing and 98 Voice Development Post Paid To advertise our business, make new friends and Introduce Practical method of singing for our catalogue of Elgin watches, we will send this elegant daily practice, based upon artistic watch by mail, postpaid, for ONLY 93 CENTS. Gentlemen's principles, together with a care­ size, full nickel silver plated case, Arabic dial, lever escape­ fully prepared number of exercises. ment, stem wind and stem set: a perfect timekeeper and fully guaranteed for five years. Send this advertisement to us with From "Musical Courier," N. Y.: 9S cents and watch will be sent by return mail postpaid. A very practical little book is Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Send 98 cents "Tone Placing and Voice Develop­ to-day. Address ment," by Pedro T. Tinsley. It R. E. CHALMERS & CO., 538 So. Dearborn St., Chicago, III. contains some very excellent material and vocal exercises, and should be in the hands of all vocal students. WORDS OF APPRECIATION I offer you the heartiest possible endorsement of your work, which I believe to be the most com­ WANT A JOB? plete course of the kind that has ever come under my notice.—Glenn Dillard Gunn, Chicago ' 'Tribune.'1 From "Music News," Chicago, 111.: Accordingly Sleeping-car Porters his "Practical Method of Singing" is a most con­ cise and practical little manual, containing many wanted for summer and valuable vocal exercises. It cannot fail to be permanent service. No helpful to all ambitious vocal students. CANNOT FAIL OF GOOD RESULTS experience necessary. The work is especially commendable because it treats in a clear and systematic manner all the vital Write to-day for full points so essential to the Btudent, making it easy information. for him to advance to the highest point of development.—Geo. I. Holt, Des Moines, Iowa. AMERICAN SERVICE SCHOOL PRICE $1.00 Address the publisher: Instruction Department PEDRO T. TINSLEY 80 Fifth Avenue - - - New York City 6448 Drexel Avenue CHICAGO, ILL. Reddick's World's Greatest Polishing Mitt Price *7> Made $30 First Bay S7. B. Basha. of Bell Island. New­ FOE POLISHING ALL METALS, SIGNS, PIANOS, Up foundland, did this with out FURNITURE, GUNS, HARNESS, AUTOMOBILE CHAMPION BODIES, LAMPS, HARDWOOD FLOORS, ETC. Minute Photo Machine Fully Protects the Hand Saves Time and Labor That beginners make such profit at the start, shows that no ex­ perience is needed in this won­ An incomparable duster. A combination shoe derful money-making business. polisher. Can be used with or without oil or polish. Root. Bock,Willow Hill. Pa , took Made of special in $33 in one day. Vernard Baker, Holbrook, Neb., $29.90. Jas. F.Wende. Ashton. Idaho, tanned lamb's $26. C.V. Lovett, Ft- Meade, Fla„ made $60 in one day. These wool on the hide, testimonials are just a few of many hundreds we have on file. thoroughly cleaned Pictures in Post Cards and on Buttons all the rage and combed of at Fairs, Carnivals, Picnics, Resorts, Schools, De­ pots, Faotories, on Streets—anywhere—everywhere. all grit. Will Our Champion Camera takes pictures size 2^x3?^, not scratch the 13^x2^ and buttons. Finishes complete photo in 30 seconds: 200 an hour. No dark room. Easiest, quickest, finest surface. bi sires t money-maker known. Small investment. About 85c Adopted by the Pullman Company for porters' pronton each dollar you take in. Be your own boss. Write at use on the best trains and used in the best hotels, once for Free Book, Testimonials and Liberal Offer. office buildings, theatres, garages, furniture houses; AMERICAN MINUTE PHOTO CO. 2214 Ogden Ave., Dept. E.649, Chicago, Illinois on dining cars, ocean liners, yachts and thousands, of households because it's the best practical polish­ ing device on earth.

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Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS Vol. 6—No. 3 JULY, 1913 Whole No. 33

ALONG THE COLOR LINE

EDUCATION. Three Rivers, Mich.: Hilda May Coates "I'LL find a way or make one" is won the second prize for essay on "The the inscription on the commencement Curse and Cure of Lynching." program of Atlanta University. The same Seattle, Franklin School: Ethel A. Stone, motto is imprinted on the face of everyone distinction in literary work and music. who has gone through the struggle that the Alfred Hall, honors in physics. children of the slaves must make in order Ithaca: Three colored graduates— to secure their title to be free. In this Edward Newton, Edith Loftin, Bernice fiftieth year since the slaves were cast adrift Walker. Honors to Edith Loftin, former these are the names of some of their children pupil of Oglethorpe School, Atlanta. who have found and followed the way to Derby, Conn.: Valedictorian, Lottie honor and distinction in the places where Jefferson. free men are made: New Haven: Emmett Caple, winner of THE HIGH SCHOOLS. four-year scholarship at Yale.

Baltimore Colored: Valedictorian, Pearl To these we add little Marian Carr, of Wicks; salutatorian, Charles Rusk. This Cincinnati, whose public school essay on year there are eighty graduates, 639 enrolled civic ideals was posted in all the schools of pupils, thirty instructors. Graduates ad­ the city by order of the superintendent. mitted to Northern colleges. THE HIGHER SCHOOLS. Wilmington Colored: Annie Jane Ander­ son, Maria Augusta Parker. Twelve gradu­ Wiley University: Highest average held ates; average attendance,, eighty; one alumnus by Hobart T. Tatum, who intends to go to graduates from Cornell this year. Others are Harvard. at Oberlin, Lincoln, Howard, Columbia, Talladega: Arthur Clement MacNeal and Cornell. Eunice Trammell.

MARIAN CARE. PEARL WICKS. CHARLES RUSK. MARIA PARKER. JANE ANDERSON. ALFRED HALL. ETHEL STONE.

MISS WILLIAMS. JOHN DUNBAR. MISS WHITE. W. A. ROBINSON. MISS FAGG. NORMAN WILLIAMS.

MISS G. ANDERSON. ARTHUR VAUGHAN. MISS CORT.

VERNON COOPER. MISS HOLMAN. MATTHEW LINDSAY.

MISS HAYES. JERRY LUCK. MISS CHISOM. 114 THE CRISIS

C. E. WILSON. MISS SANDERS. EMMETT CAPLE.

Paine: Katherine Hilya Williams, John dent of the Classical Club; Zephyr J. Dunbar. Chisom, prominent in the Social Science Club Atlanta University, college department: and the Dramatic Club and leading spirit Valedictorian, William A. Robinson; salu- in the organization of the college branch tatorian, Mabelle A. White. of the National Association for the Advance­ Atlanta Baptist: Joseph A. Ely. ment of Colored People. Knoxville: Pauline Fagg, Norman D. Wilberforce : Berniee Sanders, Crawford Williams. E. Wilson.

C. V. FREEMAN. E. W. SCOTT. F. A. MYERS.

Lane: Ernestine Ginevra Anderson, Lincoln: Valedictorian, Clinton V. Arthur N. Vaughan. Freeman; salutatorian, Franklin A. Myers. Fisk:- Vernon Lamont Cooper, Martha Carlotta Corl. THE HIGHEST SCHOOLS. State College. S. C.: Lula A. Holman, Marquette University, Milwaukee: Eugene Matthew Lindsay. W. Scott, of the law school, competes for Hartshorn: Minnie Tyler Hayes, honors senior oratorical prize. in music and normal. Boston University, school of theology: Howard: Jerry Luck, first student presi- W. J. King, who possesses "the best mind

DR. HUGHES. DR. COLLINS. DR. HARDING. DR. ANDERSON. ALONG THE COLOR LINE 115

DR. TERRY. G. E. DAVIDSON, Ph. G. that ever went from Wiley University," Terry, A. B. (Lincoln) ; Peyton L. Ander- graduates in first rank. son. Drs. Anderson and Harding took part Rochester Theological Seminary: James in the musical program of the commencement. T. Simpson, good work in Arabic. University of Illinois, school of pharmacy:

MISS RAY. J. T. SIMPSON. J. H. ROBINSON.

Purdue University: Two engineers— George Edward Davidson, A. B. (Fisk), is D. N. Crosthwait, H. M. Taylor. one of the'two men in a class of thirty-three New York Homeopathic College: Paul to receive "honorable mention for excellence A. Collins, A. B. (Lincoln) ; Henry Oswi in scholarship." Harding, John C. Hughes, Clifford E. Cornell: Five graduates in law and arts

J. A. DUNN. W. J, KING. 116 THE CRISIS

MISS HOWARD. B. H. LOCKE. MISS JOHNSON. and sciences. Pauline A. Ray, who com­ Yale: James Hathaway Robinson, Fisk pleted high school in three years, satisfies A. B. (magna cum laude), receives Lamed requirements for A. B. in three and a half, Fellowship in economics. Mr. Robinson is registers in graduate school, but does not organist of a colored church in New Haven. receive A. M. because of residence Age 26. requirement. Chicago: Julian H. Lewis, 22, son of Ohio State: James Arthur Dunn, archi­ Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Lewis, principal and tectural engineer. First Negro to graduate assistant principal of Sumner High School, from this department: Excellent record.' Cairo, 111., is awarded a teaching fellowship Thesis for graduation—design of a building in pathology. He expects to receive his for the college of education, Ohio State Ph. D. in a year and a half. He holds University. A. B. and A. M. for work in physiology at Indiana University: B. K. Armstrong, the University of Illinois. A. B., received favorable comment on his At McGill University, Montreal, with sixty- thesis on "The World Race Problem." one graduates of the medical school, the Clark University: Thomas Isaacs Brown, Holmes gold medal for the highest average of Jamaica, receives graduate scholarship in in all subjects throughout the entire course economics and sociology. and the McGill Medical Society's senior prize Columbia: Benjamin H. Locke, Juanita were awarded to R. H. Malone, of Antigua, Howard and Vivian Johnson, all Howard West Indies. Drs. Gowdey and Massiah, of A. B., receive A. M..; first in sociology, Barbados, were next on the honor list. others in English. Geographically, as well as in consequence Yale: Charles H. Wesley, Fisk A. B., of their poor equipment, the colored colleges held scholarships during two years of gradu­ and, with the exception of those in the ate study and received A. M. in economies border States, the colored high schools are, for thesis on ''The Business of Life Insur­ as a whole, of lower standing than corre­ ance Among NegToes." Age 22. sponding institutions in the North. It often

CHARLES H. WESLEY. JULIAN H. LEWIS. ALONG THE COLOR LINE 117 happens that graduates of the preparatory science from the manual training school last schools which do so large and important a year have jobs that pay better than posi­ part of the work of the institutions for the tions as teachers in Negro schools and that higher training of the colored youth of the last all the year round. They are trained South are obliged to take a year or so of cooks who have a profession at which a high school work in the North before they good living can be earned and a profession can receive diplomas which will entitle them where the demand far exceeds the supply. to entrance in Northern universities. With There are dozens of families in Muskogee perhaps the single exception of Howard, the and thousands elsewhere clamoring for graduates of the Southern colleges must do capable colored help, (rained in the work one and sometimes two years of under­ and taught to hold a sense of responsibility graduate or special studies before they can toward their work and respect for them­ receive their first degrees from institutions selves and the rights of others. If the Negro like Yale, Harvard or Columbia. schools of Muskogee can turn out trained Despite the handicap of lack of means and cooks, capable houseworkers among the of the contempt which is expressed by most Negro girls and can teach the Negro boys white folk and some black folk for their self-supporting trades, they will have placed work, the colored colleges fill a real and themselves in line with the work that the growing need of the Negro race. In a report Tuskegee institute is doing." on Negro universities in the South, prepared Mr. Williams rates as highest among the under the auspices of the John F. Slater colored institutions offering collegiate train­ Fund, Mr. W. T. B. Williams, of the Hamp­ ing, the following six universities and five ton Institute, expresses the "fear that the colleges in the South: Howard, Fisk, Vir­ very important service they have rendered in ginia Union, Atlanta. Shaw. Wiley, Talladega, supplying teachers, especially' for the city Atlanta Baptist (now Morehouse), Knox- schools and for the industrial and other ville, Benedict, Bishop. To these should be smaller schools, is not fully appreciated." added Wilberforce, in Ohio, and Lincoln, in The lack of appreciation for the colored •Pennsylvania. high school or college is more than a fear with Mr. Williams' study comprises only the most of its white neighbors. It is very much institutions classed as universities in the of a reality with the Baltimore school board South. In the twenty of these which offer man who tried to eliminate from the curricu­ college work the total enrollment in the past lum of the colored high school in that city year was 945. There are nineteen other every subject which would fit its graduates schools, including Wilberforce and Lincoln, for the work they must do. The Muskogee which devote themselves especially to the namesake of the New Orleans Times- higher training of colored young men and Democrat states in the following terms its ideal of Negro education and the reasons women. Mr. Williams' estimate of their therefor: work is very instructive, coming as it does from a colored teacher in an industrial school "The nine good cooks who will be gradu­ for Negroes: ated this week from the domestic science department of the manual training school "Although many of these schools fall far for Negroes will have no difficulty whatever short of what institutions of their type should in securing jobs. Last year there were be, nevertheless they meet a real need in three graduates from the domestic science Negro education. In offering college work department of the school. All three have to Negro youth they set up a worthy ideal been holding good positions in Muskogee and aid the students in the realization of it. ever since. One of these Negro girls is cook Practically, too, this college work serves the for a prominent family in the city, getting Negro well. As the Negro is being pushed $7 a week, her board and room. The other further and further out of touch with culti­ two hold positions almost equally good. vated white people, he has an increasing need ''Negro girls who graduate from a high of highly trained men and women of his own school seem to feel that the only positions race as exemplars and leaders. These the open to them which their dignity will allow college departments are training as well as them to accept are positions as teachers. they can. They also prepare the Negro The Negro girls who graduated in domestic professional man, for whom there is a grow- 118 THE CRISIS

ing demand, to meet the properly severe descent. The Greek letter fraternities which requirements of their States." have recently been established among the In attempting to realize their ideal in colored college men are doing much to urge Northern colleges, students from the colored high school students in the North not to schools—and most of them do come from neglect the opportunities, afforded them in the schools of the South—have sometimes to the universities. The Kappa Alpha Nu, of face difficulties and opposition that would Indiana, has this year brought the number keep away any but men and women with of colored students at that university to strong hearts. This opposition is very twenty-five, an increase of 92 per cent, over rarely based on any prohibition in the last year's registration. The Alpha Phi statutes of Northern universities or on any Alpha is principally responsible for these strong tradition or sentiment among the large enrollments: Ohio State, forty-eight; students against the admission of colored Cornell, twenty-two; Yale, nineteen; Colum­ folk. Most often, as at the Newton bia, fourteen; Syracuse, eighteen. Chicago, Theological Institution, it is the unauthorized Harvard and the smaller New England col­ and unqualified prejudice of some influential leges continue to attract increasing numbers individual. At this seminary the president of colored students. Like their parents tried, without avail, every subterfuge to pre­ before them and like the schools that trained vent a graduate of Fisk from registering them, these young men and women are find­ until, on the eve of the opening of the ing and making the way to worthy citizen­ institution, he sent to the young man the ship in this great democracy. following special delivery letter: "I do not PERSONAL. deem it expedient that you present yourself to-morrow morning for admission to IN appreciation of his unremunerated and Newton." •*• unaided work in successfully fighting the The Rev. President Horr, of Newton, has Baltimore segregation ordinance, Mr. W. been obliged to admit that his school has had Ashbie Hawkins was tendered a banquet by Negro graduates and that "most of them have- his leading fellow beneficiaries of the Elliott done well." He continues: "In my judg­ decision. ment, most of them would have done better *& We are indebted to Mr. Karl Bitter, the with a course more closely adapted to their sculptor, for the pictures of the Carl Schurz future work. What they gain in breadth they monument which we reproduce in this lose in sympathetic touch with their own number. people." His denomination provides this ^ Miss Isabel Eaton, who contributes the touch in Virginia Union University, and article on the Shaw Settlement House, has therefore colored men should go there. carried to the management of that institution The Rev. Horr's judgment as to the best the fruits of her study at Smith College and interests of the colored people must be a Columbia University and her long experience very poor one. We have never heard that at the Hull House, in Chicago, and with the any complaint of lack of sympathy with his Ethical Culture Society of New York. people has been lodged against Alexander

Mann Act to life imprisonment on a charge (since is a very good substitute for the white hope." proven false) of assault upon a white child But since, according to reliable information in Akron, 0., in 1900. In a riot which fol­ from Chicago, a number of white men—hopes lowed the accusation the city hall was burned as well as non-pugilists—have been punished and two persons killed. under the Mann act for infractions of the

EQUALITY AND JUSTICE. (One of the panels of the Schurz monument.) MEN OF THE MONTH

DEFENDERS OF LIBERTY AND FRIENDS and not only that they would fight, but that OF HUMAN RIGHT. they could be. made, in every sense of the " I KNOW not where, in all human history, word, soldiers. It is not easy to recall at •*• to any given thousand men in arms this day the state of public opinion on that there has been committed a work at once so point—the contemptuous disbelief in the proud, so precious, so full of hope and courage of an enslaved race, or rather of a glory," said Gov. John A. Andrews, of the race with a colored skin. Nobody pretends Fifty-fourth Regiment of Massachusetts now that the Negro won't fight. Anglo-Saxon Infantry, the regiment of black men whose prejudice takes another shape—and says he vainly and long proffered arms it was his won't work, and don't know how to vote. privilege to accept in the supreme hour of But in the spring of 1863, when this regi­ their country's need. ment marched down State Street in Boston, though it was greeted with cheers and borne The Fifty-fourth Massachusetts left Boston May 28, 1863. Their first engage­ on by the hopes of the loyal city which had ment took place at James Island, S. C, trusted the fame and lives of its noblest July 16. Two days later, at Fort Wagner, white sons to lead their black comrades, yet the bayonets of these black men "pricked that procession was the scoff of every Demo­ the name of Colonel Shaw into the roll of cratic journal in America, and even friends immortal honor;" and, in pricking, thirty of feared half as much as they hoped. them, including their gallant young com­ "Many a white regiment had shown the mander, camped on "the bivouac of the white feather in its first battle, but for this dead." black band to waver once was to fall for­ The total casualties at Fort Wagner ever, and to carry down with it, perhaps, the amounted to 266. A large percentage of fortunes of the Republic. It -had to wait these soon answered the last roll call. In the months for an opportunity. It was sent to hands of the wounded Sergeant Carney, "the a department which was sinking under the old flag never touched the ground" at Fort prestige of almost uninterrupted defeats. Wagner. During the two years of active The general who commanded the division and service following this heroic charge, the the general who commanded the brigade to flag of the United States was always held which this regiment found itself consigned— aloft by the men of the first black regiment. neither of them believed in the Negro. When On a September morning in 1S65, as its de­ the hour came for it to go into action there pleted ranks marched through the streets of was probably no officer in the field outside of that Boston from which they had gone forth, its own ranks who did not expect it—and the New York Tribune spoke as follows of there were many who desired it—to fail. the way they had acquitted themselves of When it started across that fatal beach the task that had been set to them and of which led to the parapet of Wagner, it the way in which they and their fellows had started to do what had not been successfully been treated by the republic to save which attempted by white troops on either side they had left their all: during the war. It passed through such an "To the Massachusetts Fifty-fourth was ordeal successfully; it came out not merely set the stupendous task of convincing the with credit, but with an imperishable fame. white race that colored troops would fight, "The ordinary chances of battle were not MEN OF THE MONTH 123 all which the Massachusetts Fifty-fourth had he had braved that double peril intended to to encounter. The hesitating policy of our cheat him out of the pay on which his wife government permitted the rebels to confront and children depended for support. We every black soldier with the threat of death trust Mr. Secretary Stanton is by this time From a Copley Print, Copyright by Curtis & Cameron. ) (Copyright by Augustus Saint-Gaudens. TH E SHA W MEMORIAL , BOSTON MASS . or slavery if he were taken prisoner. If he heartily ashamed of the dishonesty which escaped the bullet and knife, he came back marked his dealings with the black troops, to camp to learn that the country for which but we are not going into that question. We 124 THE CRISIS said then, and we reiterate now, that the opposition from soldiers who think chiefly refusal of pay to the colored soldiers was of parades and social assemblies. a swindle and. a scandal, so utterly without ex­ But the time may come again when those cuse that it might well have seemed to them KS who now begrudge the Negro a soldier's if intended to provoke a mutiny. Few white uniform will be glad to call to the defense regiments would have borne it for a month. of their country black men who have never The blacks maintained their fidelity in spite been found wanting in this nation's battles, of it for a year and a half. When the Fifty- before and since July 18, 1863. fourth was offered a compromise the men SOLDIER AND STATESMAN. replied with one voice: 'No, we need the COLONEL SHAW was only 25 years of money you offer; our families are starving age when he fell. A great soldier who because the government does not pay us what was spared to continue in peace the work for it promised, but we demand to be recognized which he had fought in battle was Carl as soldiers of the Republic, entitled to the Schurz. Of German birth, the young same rights which white soldiers have. studiosus of the University of Bonn took a Until you grant that we will not touch a leading part in the revolutionary movement dollar.' of 1848. With the temporary failure of this "It was a sublime heroism, a loftier senti­ effort for freedom in his own country, Mr. ment of honor than that which inspired them Schurz came, in 1852, to the United States, at Wagner. They would not mutiny be­ where he soon plunged with all the ardor of cause of injustice, but they would not sur­ deep conviction into the struggle for the render one iota of their claim to equal rights. suppression of slavery. Eventually they compelled the government In Wisconsin his speeches and editorials to acknowledge their claim and were paid in swung the German element to the side of full by a special act of Congress. liberty. He campaigned for Lincoln in "The name of Colonel Robert G. Shaw is Illinois and, after the election of 1860, was forever linked with that of the regiment appointed minister to Spain. This office he which he first commanded, and which he in­ promptly resigned on the outbreak of the spired with so much of his own gentle and war to become a brigadier-general of volun­ noble spirit as to make it a perpetual legacy teers. For distinguished service at the to the men who fought under and loved him. second battle of Bull Run he was appointed His death at Wagner did as much, perhaps, major-general; he was division commander at Chancellorsville and had temporary com­ for his soldiers as his life afterward could mand of the eleventh corps at Gettysburg. have done. Colonel Hallowell, who succeeded him, proved the faithful and intelligent After the war he was appointed a special friend of the regiment. Its other officers, commissioner to report on the Freedmen's with no exception that we know of, were Bureau. For six years he served as United devoted and capable. They are entitled to States Senator from Missouri, and later be­ a'share of the renown which belongs to the came editor of the New York Evening Post. regiment; they would be unworthy of it if In three successive campaigns he supported they did not esteem that their highest Cleveland, because he thought that the Demo­ testimonial." cratic candidate was the worthiest available successor of Lincoln. He died in 1906. The history of the colored soldier con­ Carl Schurz, by word and deed, always tinues to repeat itself. Despite his loyalty upheld the cause of liberty and justice for and efficiency, in this year we have witnessed black men and all men. A man of brilliant an effort to eliminate him entirely from the intellect, he believed in the education of the Federal service. In the North people Negro. It was a most fitting tribute to him are slow to believe that Negroes ought to be that the surplus funds from the memorial to trained before the time comes to fight. him which has been erected in New York Governor Tener has vetoed a bill for the were donated to Hampton. creation of a Negro regiment of militia in Pennsylvania and, in New York, Governor A HEROINE OF PEACE. Sulzer signed a like measure at the very last THE task of fighting the third battle of moment, though in the face of considerable A Bull Run, the struggle to liberate from THE SCHURZ MONUMENT. 126 THE CRISIS

Dr. Wilder's army service consisted not only in rendering succor to the wounded. He has been of signal value to the descend­ ants of those soldiers whose wounds were beyond all human aid. The opportunity afforded him on the battlefield and in army morgues for the study of the brain of the Negxo has made him the greatest living authority on this subject. In all the years that have followed the great conflict Dr. Wilder's confidence in the capacity of the Negro has remained un­ shaken. As a professor at Cornell Univer­ sity he always gave inspiration and en­ couragement to the colored students who attended that institution in the forty-three years of his connection with it, and when in 1911 he resigned he was presented with a loving cup by the colored townspeople of Ithaca. Dr. Wilder is at present engaged in writ­ ing" his memoirs of the war and intends to place on record the work of the Fifty-fifth, as Captain Emilio, of the Fifty-fourth Mas­ JENNIE DEAN. sachusetts, has done in "A Brave Black ignorance the descendants of the humble Regiment." slaves who had been the unwitting and unwilling cause of the fearful carnage about them, fell to a daughter of black folk who has just ended on the field of Bull Run a life of usefulness which began thereon. Jennie Dean, the founder of the Manassas Industrial School, was about 5 years old at the outbreak of the Civil War. The story of her own upbuilding for the advancement of others is the story of nearly every colored man or woman who has made a mark on the roll of honor of their race and country. She died at Sudley Springs, Va., near Manassas. May 4.

SURGEON AND PROFESSOR.

AFTER the disastrous engagement at Fort Wagner, the Fifty-fifth Mas­ sachusetts was sent clown from St. Helena Island to reinforce the Federal troops. Like the dead colonel of the Fifty-fourth, the assistant surgeon of the second black regi­ ment was a young Harvard graduate—Burt Green Wilder—who had always believed in the ability and urged the duty of black men to fight for their liberty. BURT G. WILDER, M. D. OPINION

"So that every block in the city contain­ BALTIMORE IN THE SUIT IN WHICH MR. W. SEGREGATION. Ashbie Hawkins defended ing at the present time both white and John E. Gurry for an alleged colored persons would be at once depopulated violation of the Baltimore segregation law, upon enforcement of the ordinance. Judge Thomas Ireland Elliott, after several "When, then, by the definition in the ordi­ months of careful deliberation, handed down nance a block can be at the same time both the following decision invalidating the a white block and a colored block, it would ordinance: seem unnecessary to say that the ordinance "Section 1 of the ordinance undertakes to is invalid and unenforceable to punish either make it unlawful for any white person to white or colored persons. move into, or use as a residence or place of "This court does not concern itself with abode, any house situated or located on any the considerations which may have suggested block, the houses on which block are occupied the enactment of the ordinance in question, or used as residences or places of abode, in but it is possible that the evident difficulty whole or in part, by colored persons. of securing the objects which its framers may ''Section 2 has the same provision with have had in view had the effect of confusing regard to colored persons in blocks where them, so that in the endeavor to please cer­ the houses are occupied as residences, or tain interests they have overlooked the rights places of abode, in whole or in part, by white of the citizens generally. persons. "It is otherwise difficult to understand ''These are the inhibitions, the violation of sections 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the ordinance, which which is made a misdemeanor punishable by appear intended to have no general, but only fine. local application, and not even a local ap­ plication, except under provisos so various "In an effort to interpret these sections we and involved as to prevent any reasonable are forced to the conclusion that the thing or equal enforcement of them. prohibited is the residence of a white person in a block occupied in whole or in part by "The court, however, contents itself with colored persons, or the residence of a colored sustaining the demurrer in this case because person in a block occupied, in whole or in there is no such reasonable interpretation of part, by white persons. the ordinance now before it as to make amen­ able to its penalty the traverser, who, admit­ "There is no other definition in the ordi­ ting the facts set out in the indictment, nance of what is intended to be the pro­ denies any liability thereunder. hibited blocks respectively. "Demurrer sustained." "Now it is needless to remark that the This decision of Judge Elliott has been same block could be, as a great many blocks appealed. Meanwhile the Negro haters of • now are, occupied at the same time in part Baltimore, led by Councilman Curtis, have by colored persons and in part by white prepared and are urging the passage of a persons, and by the sections above quoted it more drastic Ghetto ordinance. All the lead­ would be unlawful for either white or ing colored people of. Baltimore and, for colored persons to move into or remain in the various reasons, a good many whites, are block. arrayed against the law. At a meeting of 128 THE CRISIS protest Mr. Harry S. Cummings, a colored are noteworthy: 'We recognize that the member of the city council, expressed in the Negro is a permanent portion of the South­ following terms his and his people's opposi­ ern population;' 'Justice calls for fair play tion to the proposed ordinance: and fair dealing;' 'Righteousness demands good will among the people of the South.' "Better home life means fresher air, healthier bodies, better minds, better labor, "Most interesting for . the rural colored physical and mental: and, as a consequence, schools was the fact that Virginia and Ala­ better citizens. This ordinance will place a bama have both appointed a State super­ premium on poverty, laziness, squalor and visor of State colored rural schools, and the unhealthy surroundings, all of which pro­ work that has been inaugurated in these two duce idleness, filth and disease. We respect­ States for the betterment of rural schools, fully deny that we have invaded or intend to coupled with the work for the rural schools invade any section except by peaceable of the Jeanes foundation was a distinctly and lawful means. We are in no way re­ hopeful note for the attack of one of the sponsible for unreasonable objections which crying evils of rural life. In addition to may emanate from those who may happen this, the statement was made by the chair­ to live in the same or adjoining block, which man that hereafter the 800 expert farm objections are not based upon their rights, demonstrators who have hitherto given atten­ but simply upon our race and color. That tion to white farmers only are in the future this ordinance applies to white and colored to do the same farm-demonstration work for alike is no answer to its injustice, for it is the Negro farmers. This brings the national a violation of the white man's property government to the aid of the rural problem. rights, as well as the colored man's property "Commenting upon needed reforms in the rights, and two wrong's never have made a social and hygienic conditions of the Negro, right. I beg this committee to make an un­ Professor Morse, of the University of South favorable report of this measure, for it will Carolina, was constrained to recognize that stimulate us to become better and more intel­ the likenesses among the races are far more ligent citizens and to become more vitally marked than their differences, so that there interested in the progress of our great and can be no school of medicine, no psychology, progressive city." ^ no logic, no sociology, no religion of the one different from and apart from that of the other. THE NEW SOUTH PROF. E. H. WEBSTER of Atlanta University, writes as fol­ "No words can do justice to the plea of lows in the Atlanta Independent Mrs. J. D. Hammond upon the topic, 'The on the conference on race problems at the White Man's Debt to the Negro.' While second Southern Sociological Congress, not distinctly following her topic, Mrs. Ham­ which took place recently in the Georgia mond's words were a burning plea, not for capital: the Negro, not for ex-slaves, not for an in­ "Probably no event in the South since the ferior race, not for an undeveloped or an close of the war is of more significance than infant race, but for all 'unprivileged peo­ this conference on race problems And this ples.' In the words of the speaker the is so, not from what was said, as from the problems of the unprivileged classes exist speakers and the audience addressed. The in all nations; their problems are world­ conference might have been one of the an­ wide; they are the people whose lives are nual conferences of the Atlanta University lived under compulsion from which they can­ upon 'race problems,' save that the speak­ not escape. These are the people who live ers were Southern men, and the audiences just below the poverty line; they furnish the were composed of Southern whites and col­ paupers and the criminals of all nations. In ored persons. Audiences averaging between the South we have mixed up the poverty line 300 and 400 were in attendance at each of with the Negro problem. It is only that a the four sessions. larger proportion of the 'submerged tenth' "Nothing was said that we are not fully are colored than white that the colored peo­ aware of; but it was the occasion that made ple furnish the larger proportion of crimi­ the significance. As the keynote to the spirit nals. And as the great ones elsewhere are of the conference, the following sentences studying the causes and alleviations of pov­ from the opening address of the chairman erty and crime, let us show ourselves like- OPINION 129 wise great by studying those conditions that the conference. His topic was 'How to have made our submerged tenth, and not Enlist Southern Forces for Improvement of content ourselves that, having made the con­ Conditions Among Negroes.' His opening ditions that develop Negro criminals, we statement was that 'Humanity is humanity,' charge upon the Negro criminal propensities. and his demands were an appreciation of "Perhaps no one address of the conference the sacredness of human life, the co-opera­ was more striking than that of Dv. Roman, tion of the church, more money for schools, of Nashville, upon 'Racial Self-respect and new curriculum, better teachers, better super­ Race Antagonism,' in which the speaker de­ vision, United States farm-demonstration plored : 1. The politician whose stock in work, city charity organizations, which trade is the Negro problem. 2. That the should work not for but with the Negroes, two races believe in the vices and not in decent wholesome recreation for adults and, the virtues of each other. 3. That racial again, playgrounds for children. contact is only in the saloon, the gambling "Such of the general conferences as I hell and the brothel. 4. The scorn of the attended seemed permeated with the spirit of strong for the weak and the fear of the weak the special conferences. Dr. Barton made for the strong; and 5. The lack of busi­ his appeal, not to arithmetic, but to the ness intercourse. He urged, 1, that the two heart. In the preservation of human rights races must live together; 2, that they should the Negroes must be preserved. For illus­ encourage interracial intercourse for things tration, the Negro to-day has no real chance good; 3. should face facts; 4, that the press before the courts. In the realm of industry should drop for the present the discussion of these rights must be respected despite immi­ the Negro, should not report the race of gration and the importation of white servile criminals, and should cease to report the labor. In education the same principles must speeches of political agitators. hold as with other races. "Up to this point in the conference much "The concluding injunction of the confer­ had been said that was favorable to the ence on race problems stated the magnitude Negro. But nothing had been said as to of the problem opened by the conference. the handicap under which what has been 'We know these things,' said the chairman. accomplished in half a century has been 'There lies before us the duty of making wrought out. It was left to Professor them known to others.' This is the problem Seroggs, of the University of Louisiana, to which the sociological congress has set itself. point out this phase of the situation. Among It behooves every man of us to assist. the elements of this handicap the following "Certain things would not have been said were stated: 1. Not equal accommodations at an Atlanta University conference. No for equal fare; because of this the whole speaker there would have hedged his fine principle of segregation in transportation is address by concluding it with the famous in jeopardy. 2. Abominable housing. 3. illustration of 'the fingers and the hand,' Unfair division of the school fund; the Negro or have demanded 'equal but separate in proportion to his ability is the more highly accommodations in transportation.' Such taxed; 40 per cent, of the population get would have to accept the conditions under 15 per cent, of the school fund. 4. Inequal­ which he lives, but would not accept the ity of administration in municipal affairs, philosophy behind those conditions. So none parks, libraries, etc. 5. Intelligent Negroes of us would refer to the Negro people as a disfranchised; arbitrary power placed in the race in the infant or bottle stage of civiliza­ hands of registrars, and the 'grandfather' tion, a phrase which forgets that the Negro clause a piece of special legislation abhorrent has been in America about as long as the to the spirit of American institutions, but white man, and has for nearly three centuries fortunately a clause with a time limit. 6. entered into the Western civilization. The The lot of the Negro before the courts may generous recognition of what the Negro has be recognized as legal, but as decidedly un­ accomplished since 1863 would indicate that equal in comparison with that of white men; the colored race is at least in a stage of while juries frequently fail to convict whites civilization approximating youth. But the upon Negro evidence; and 7. The Negro is conference was significant in its admissions too frequently the victim of mob violence. rather than in its omissions, and none of us "The concluding address was made by Dr. but can be thankful for its spirit and can Weatherford, of Nashville, the secretary of gladly 'lend a hand.'" EDITORIAL

THE NEWEST SOUTH. silence over the things I have seen, the FOR the first time in persons I have known and the forces I history, Southern white have felt. men and Southern black First, of course, and foremost, comes men have met under a sense of the vastness of this land. The Southern white auspices sheer brute bigness of its distances is and frankly discussed appalling. I think of the endless ride the race problems of the South before of three days and four nights from the an audience of both races. At the silver beauty of Seattle to the sombre Southern Sociological Congress the pro­ whirl of Kansas City. I think of the fessional Negro lover was absent, and the thousand miles of California and the white demagogue was silent. There was empire of Texas, the grim vastness of scarcely a word uttered which THE the desert, the wideness of the blue CRISIS does not cordially endorse. Pacific at San Diego—but all. is it not It was a splendid occasion. It was all typified at the Grand Canyon? epoch making, and men like Dillard, Hunley, Branson Morse, Hammond and THE GRAND CANYON. Scroggs are the real leaders of the It is a cruel gash in the bosom of the newest South. earth down to its very entrails—a wound But the old South is not dead. The where the dull titanic knife has turned Atlanta Constitution refused to report and twisted in the hole, leaving its edges the congress. Hoke Smith's Journal livid scarred, jagged and pulsing over refused to report the congress and the white and red and purple of its Hearst's Georgian, under the disrepu­ mighty flesh, while down below, down, table John Temple Graves, did its best down below, in black and severed vein, to foment lynching a black man since boils the dull and sullen flood of the proven innocent, filling its columns with Colorado. venom and lies and printing scarcely a It is awful. There can be nothing like word concerning the congress. The it. It is the earth and skies gone stark Bourbon South dies hard, but its doom is and raving mad. The mountains up- written in the stars. twirled, disbodied and inverted stand on their peaks and throw their bowels to I GO A-TALKING. the skies. Their earth is air—their ether I HAVE made a great blood-red rock engreened. You stand journey to three of the upon their roots and fall into their pin­ four corners of this nacles a mighty mile. "Western world, over a Behold this mauve and purple mock­ distance of 7,000 miles, ing of time and space. See yonder peak! and through thirty No human foot has trod it. Into that States; and I am overwhelmed almost to blue shadow only the eye of God has EDITORIAL 131 looked. Listen to the accents of that THE MID WEST. gorge which mutters: "Before Abraham In Indianapolis, St. Louis and Kansas was, I am." Is yonder wall a hedge of City strong groups of Negroes are unit­ black, or is it the rampart between ing to fight segregation, to improve and Heaven and hell? I see greens—is it defend the schools and to open the gate grass or giant pines? I see specks that of opportunity for their children. They may be boulders. Ever the winds sigh are not yet united or agreed, but their and drop into those sun-swept silences. steps toward union and agreement in the Ever the gorge lies motionless, un­ last ten years have been most encourag­ moved, until I fear. It is an awful ing. They welcomed a gospel of fight thing, unholy, terrible. It is human— and self-assertion. some mighty drama unseen, unheard, is playing there its tragedies or mocking SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. comedy and the laugh of endless years is shrieking onward from peak to peak, Los Angeles was wonderful. The air unheard, imechoed and unknown. was scented with orange blossoms and the beautiful homes lay low crouching THE TALKS. on the earth as though they loved its- Through such a gateway I came out seen ts and flowers. Nowhere in the to the cities of men and in these I made United States is the Negro so well and twenty-eight talks to audiences aggregat­ beautifully housed, nor the average of ing 18,000 human souls. efficiency and intelligence in the colored What wonderful and varied audiences population so high. Here is an aggres­ they were: there was the vast theatre sive, hopeful group—with some wealth, in Los Angeles where I strained to large industrial opportunity and a reach the last dim gallery rows; there buoyant spirit. was the little group of a hundred or so Down at San Diego, with its bold and: in Stockton, and the thoughtful half beautiful coast on the great Pacific, is a thousand down in San Diego and over smaller group, but kindly and thrifty, in Indianapolis. Most of all, perhaps, I with pushing leaders. felt the throb of personal appreciation THE GOLDEN GATE. and understanding in St. Louis and Oakland, while the stillness of a deep The shadow of a great fear broods- earnestness, almost tragedy, lay on the over San Francisco. They have not audiences in Fort Worth and Atlanta. forgotten the earthquake, and the At Los Angeles I spoke again and stranger realizes what it was by the awe- again to audiences that did not seem to in their tones. One misses here the tire, while in the wonderful Northwest buoyancy and aggressiveness of Southern I met the little group at Portland, the California and yet the fifty-eight leaders, people of Tacoma—so tireless in their who met me at dinner were a fine group thoughtful care—and crowned it all at of men, and they expect the colored Seattle, the wonder city that sits gleam­ world to greet them in 1915 at the- ing amid its waters with its face to the exposition. great North. This group stands closer to the pro­ In the eighteen cities where I spoke gressive whites than many others and' live 500,000 Americans of Negro descent, has a chance to share in the great move­ and I cannot cease marveling at their ments of uplift. grit and energy and alertness. They At Sacramento I did not speak, but-a complain at themselves and criticise, but little group made my hours of waiting- they are pulsing and alive with a new pleasant—an unassuming group with ambition and determinedness which were pleasant manners and warm hearts. I to me astounding. shall not forget them. 132 THE CRISIS

THE NORTHWEST. privilege of working and to whom I had the pride of belonging. Up then I rushed through a rich, green valley and then through high, TEXAS. full-bosomed hills—through that con­ Then I plunged into Texas. One day trast and astonishment which is the white, drifted snows of Montana California. and then, in less than a week, the sound Portland is the older Northwest—• of the reaper in the golden grain of the staid and quiet, with a certain strength Red River valley! and bigness. The audience was small One shivers at the "Jim Crow" cars and the people were not sure of my mes­ of Texas. After the luxury of the West sage and purpose; but they themselves and the public courtesy and hospitality, were awakening and they showed new the dirt and impudence of a land where homes and enterprises with pardonable to travel at all meant twelve to twenty- pride. four hours in the most primitive accom­ Tacoma will always seem to me like a modations, was an awful change. For place of home coming. I have seldom twenty-four hours on one journey I was come to a strange city with so intimate able to purchase only two musty ham an understanding and sense of fellow­ sandwiches to eat, and I sat up three ship. The audience was white and black nights in succession to keep engage­ and sympathetically blended. The mayor ments. came and spoke and ate and an old But what was lacking in public and Harvard schoolmate introduced me. white courtesy was more than compen­ They gave me a loving cup and it did sated in private and Negro hospitality not seem inappropriate, so that I went and appreciation. away thinking not so much of a separate striving group as of a body of good At Dallas was one of the strongest, friends with scant color line. truest religious leaders I have met. At Austin were growing colleges and an Then, as I have said, the wonderful audience gathered from thirty miles Western pilgrimage was crowned at around. At Marshall was a group of Seattle. The magic city of 300,000 lies fine men and women, and it all came to on its hills above silvery waters, dream- climax at Fort Worth. beautiful and all but uncanny in its "Are you going to Fort Worth?" unexpectedness. The group of men who everybody asked, knowing of the recent welcomed me were unusual in vigor and riot. I went. I spoke to 400 Negroes individuality. There was the lawyer who and a handful of leading whites, and I thoughtfully engineered it all; the young spoke the clear, plain truth as I con­ doctor with his cheery face; the droll ceive it. It was received without dissent politician with his reminiscences and or protest and its reception gave me strong opinions; the merchant from up deepest hope and satisfaction. country and his little daughter whose Atlanta is another story; so here let beautiful face of the long years ago I me end and, in ending, let me thank remembered suddenly amid the cheer of those who welcomed me, who paid my her perfect little home. There was. the. fees willingly and promptly, who were caterer, and the minister—it was a fine eager to listen to the message which I group. I have seldom seen its equal. brought, not because it was wholly to . For one day I turned my back on the their liking, but because it was sincere. perfect memory of this golden journey All this by way of preface. In later and sailed out across the seas and numbers of THE CRISIS I shall take up thanked God for this the kindliest race these groups and cities in greater detail on His green earth, for whom I had the and tell of their meaning and promise. THE SCHOOLING OF THE NEGRO

By JOSE CLARANA

OONER or later, often and but this work should be done at normal again, every colored man of schools in the South, where the masses of intelligence and some the race will always be." colored men of no intelli­ Fortunately the wisdom of.this young fool gence must face the ques­ readily became apparent to his fellow sopho­ tion, "Which do you think mores when the junior who had given rise to is the better way of elevat­ the color query chose to answer it in his ing your people—industrial or higher own way by asking the questioner to name education"?" Not infrequently this query any co-ed who had expressed a willingness takes the form, "Which of the two leaders to marry a highly educated Negro, with or of your race do you follow?" Assuming that without his having particularly "wanted" to one of two men can have absolute control marry her; to reconcile the statement that over the destiny of ten millions of people who the "only real leader" of the Negroes did not must in all places and under all circum­ want his people to attend Northern schools stances . blindly and unthinkingly regulate with the fact that this same man had sent their conduct according to the supposed will his own children to the best schools that of this demigod, the white solver of the would admit them and was at that moment Negro problem has been in the habit of searching these universities for colored formulating an answer to his own proposi­ graduates to teach the pupils of his school tion in the following typical opinion of a for colored people; to explain, finally, where sophomore debater in a Northern university, the Negro teachers in the Negro normal who had lived some time in Alabama. schools, who would be the ultimate teachers "The Negroes are an inferior race, but in the Negro industrial schools, would get though they can never equal the achievements their training if not in the universities, of the white man, they ought to be trained North and South, which offer the broadest to be useful members of society and to be training to students who have had the fullest self-dependent. The only way by which and most thorough preparation in high this end can be accomplished is by giving schools and colleges, North and South. industrial education to the masses. It is It is thus evident on the slightest in­ true that a few individuals have displayed vestigation that "industrial" education for great mental capacity, but experience has Negroes is inseparably dependent upon shown that it is unwise to give to these men "higher" education and that, far from neglect­ opportunities to cultivate their talents, for ing the latter for the supposed advantage as soon as a Negro becomes highly educated of the former, both processes must go on at he wants to marry a white woman. For this the same place and time if either is to reason I am for educating the whole people succeed. industrially instead of wasting time and In America there can be no arbitrary money in trying to give to the few privileges selection of Negroes for high, higher or which they are bound to abuse. Of the two highest education and of Negroes for Negroes whose opinion is-worth considering, "lower" or industrial education, for in the former position is held by Booker T. America there is no such selection of white Washington, the latter by Du Bois. Wash­ people. The caste and class system of ington is therefore the only real leader of his European educational methods has never race. been reproduced among white Americans, and "I do not believe in allowing Negroes to there is no reason to suppose that it would attend schools with white people in the North, be advantageous among Negro Americans. for they are not allowed in the South. I In Alabama, as in New York, all children once heard Booker T. Washington say that should have equal educational opportunities he did not want colored men to go to Yale at the public expense. When once these and I suppose he would say the same thing opportunities are secured, those Negro of this university. Negro teachers should children who have the capacity and ambition be trained for the Negro industrial schools, to rise above their fellows will do so, just 134 THE CRISIS

as white children have done and are doing. of Philosophy—a degree which suggests Deny these opportunities to Negro children familiarity with Greek roots rather than with anywhere, and you defeat your purpose of potato sprouts—set out for Mississippi and uplifting the race by robbing it of its established a school beneath a cedar tree, potential agents of self-dependence. No with a dilapidated barn for change of colored man who has the interest of his scenery when shade was turned to sunlight. people at heart and can see far enough into Speaking of him the other day, a German its future could say otherwise. cab driver said to a white classmate of the The young sophomore was unable to state young Negro: "I knew Jones when he was when or where he had heard a colored teacher night clerk in the O'Reilly Hotel at Iowa say that colored men should not go to Yale. City, working his way through the State He had probably confused a statement of the University. He used to put in most of his clean of Yale College to the effect that that spare time studying, and whenever I was institution tolerated rather than encouraged hanging around for the night trains he would Negroes. Had the debate taken place two practice his German on me. He was a years later the sophomore might have 'live one' all right. I always knew that learned that one young man who declined to colored boy would show up somewhere." take a hint from the dean of Yale to the When this young man "shows up" in Europe effect that his room was preferable to his on his quest of the man farthest down he company, stayed and got probably the first will hardly need the services of a German- fellowship in economics ever conferred upon speaking secretary and companion. a Negro at that university. Surely no The teaching of languages to Negroes has, optimist of the future of the American I think, been the especial object of adverse Negro would seek to prevent a colored man criticism by the colored educator who re­ from obtaining in Connecticut educational ceives the readiest hearing from white advantages which he may not have yet, and people. As to time and place, I am in as perhaps not soon, in his native Kentucky, or much of a quandary as was the sophomore, in Tennessee, or in Alabama. but I have a vague remembrance of an It cannot be denied, however, that the most animadversion of Dr. Booker T. Washington prominent and the most influential Negro upon a colored boy whom he saw sitting has, I doubt not unintentionally, given to under a tree poring over a French grammar. sophomores, deans and other white people This was industry with a vengeance, espe­ in and out of college an untenably biased cially if the sun was hot. It was useful attitude toward the educational needs of his conservation of time and of bodily energy. people by reiterating, in one way or another, But the apostle of industrial education the notion that certain excellent forms of thought the lad ought to have been picking mental training were not good for his people cotton or husking corn. —an assumption that readily finds causation I have, on the other hand, a very definite in the fact that this man has made his own recollection of the young woman who came remarkably successful career without having to a Northern university to fit herself for had such training. But this does not prove teaching at Tuskegee, the institution which that he has not felt the lack of such train­ had sent her out to teach in the small rural ing in the years when he was best able to schools for Negroes in the South. She had absorb it; that he could not have been a more the courage, and the courage presupposed the prominent, more influential, more successful intelligence to do the work of this university. man if his youthful schooling had not been But prospective teachers of Tuskegee who confined almost solely to the grim struggle wish to study even in an agricultural college for existence of an orphan of slavery. Above are required to have a good knowledge not all, it does not give him the right to say that only of English, but of some modern foreign other Negro children should not have privi­ language as well. The young lady had the leges and opportunities which he himself has English, because she had not lived in a rural not enjoyed. community in Alabama, but she did not have No colored educator has a more promising the French and could not acquire it in the future of the humblest beginning than the time at her disposal and with the work that young man who, on receiving from the she was doing to support herself. She had University of Iowa the degree of Bachelor never seen a French word in its Latin form. THE SCHOOLING OF THE NEGRO 135

She had heard much of potato roots, but had that the one who knows must get a chance never had anything to do -with a Greek root. to do something else if he will only try hard At 22 she could not change her way enough, whereas the one who does not know of thinking and speaking as readily as she anything else but waiting can never expect might have at 12. Her chemistry and to do something to which he has not been physics were of the same stamp as her trained to adapt himself. As a matter of French, for these subjects are studied in fact, colored men hold positions in New York Northern colleges mostly from books or from and other Northern cities that they could classroom demonstrations, and not from out­ never occupy in the South because they are door "object" lessons, with the emphasis on not white, and their own people have no such the object rather than on the lesson. The places to offer. These men have the courage university authorities admired this young and the patience to seek their positions, and woman's pluck and, partly from a spirit of their courage rests on the knowledge that chivalry, they stretched her entrance units they have the ability to fill the positions enough to let her attend the classes for just which they seek. one term. Then they "busted" her. And this brave little soul returned to her home, But why expect to see a green or yellow­ rueing bitterly the day she had set out for back to every book you open? In education far-away Alabama thinking that industry, the Negro must "cast down his bucket" where usefulness to one's self and to others, capa­ he is, but he need not stop casting and haul­ city for adaptation to circumstances, were ing if he cannot draw a load of gold every qualities which could be acquired only in time. Not all commodities are equally readily some school labeled "industrial." exchangeable for money. Cotton and corn and cane will sell almost anywhere and at any The acceptance of the dollar ideal of time, because their value, like their cost, is scholarship by colored people who prefer to comparatively less than that of Greek, French have a "leader" think for them rather than or German, for which the market is not to use their own minds is not a very en­ always apparent, though always real and couraging aspect of the future of the Ameri­ enduring. You can grow cotton at any time can Negro. In Greater New York, with a without having gone to any school, provided colored population of more than 90,000, only you have the sense, the interest and the only seven young men are to receive diplomas experience to do it. Sam McCall, an illiterate from the high schools this year. The reason ex-slave, 75 years old, grew eight bales assigned by the hundreds who have failed of cotton on an acre of land that would to use the opportunities so fully and freely not have produced one-eighth of a bale when given to them is not far to seek: "There is nothing for us to do with a good education. he got it. The experts of the United States We could only use it among our own people Department of Agriculture have never done and they are in the South. We do not want likewise; no other farmer, white or Negro, to go down South, so we quit school and has ever approached this achievement. work for enough to keep body and soul to­ But Sam McCall, at 75, could hardly gether, though we can always find a little make much headway with an English change for dancing and a little time for the copy book or a French grammar, for al­ street corners. Ain' nothin' we can git out though Cato began to study Greek at 80, o' school. Ain' no money in books." he was already acquainted with Roman letters. The problem of finding employment for an Without the study and the schooling no educated colored man is undeniably difficult, amount of sense and interest will open to but it is becoming less and less difficult you the treasures of other people's mind proportionately with the increase of educated and thought as expressed in their language; colored men. The greater breadth of vision no amount of patient hope and longing will insures keener and quicker perception of give you that contact with other people which opportunities. The possession of a good edu­ is the basis of all civilization and without cation is more often an incentive rather than which human beings speedily degenerate to a detriment to industry and respect for the level of the Bleasites of South Carolina, labor. The difference between the waiter, the who dismembered a dead Negro in order to bricklayer, the coachman who knows Greek get and take away souvenirs of a lynching and algebra and the one who does not is party that had reached their man too late. 136 THE CRISIS

It is this broadening, civilizing, humaniz­ letters of Toussaint l'Ouverture and the novels ing aspect of the so-called "higher" educa­ of Dumas in the original will see for himself tion that makes it so essentially and so that Theodore Parker, the Boston aboli­ practically valuable to Negroes and to whites tionist, was wrong in saying that a colored alike. A young sailor on a United States man could at best be only a good waiter. warship is sent to ship's prison for five The Negro who reads in Spanish the poems days' solitary confinement on bread and of Placido, the novels and speeches of Morua water for wanting to read when his work Delgado, of Gualberto Gomez and of other is done and for telling a white petty officer representative colored men of Cuba, cannot not to call him Rastus. While he is sup­ fail to receive new inspiration and new con­ posed to be brooding over the consequences fidence in the power of black blood to of a Negro's "insolence" to a white man, he redeem itself, without as well as within the strengthens the foundation of a knowledge United States. of Italian from a grammar book which he These observations may not prove any­ has had smuggled in to him. Some months thing, but they have an important bearing later, when the ship is at an Italian port, on the Negro problem. Those who look out the same Negro boy has the satisfaction of for the future of the American Negro cannot seeing himself appealed to by every other fail to see that the component elements of man on the ship, the captain and the brutal white America are changing and have petty officer included, to act as interpreter. rapidly changed since the Civil War. The He gets no dollars and scant thanks from faithful old Negro was more or less them, but though dollars enough have since thoroughly "understood" by his aristocratic come in to pay several times over the cost master, his red-shirt neighbor and rival, and of that Italian grammar, the greatest factor his philanthropic liberator. But the new in the subsequent career of this young man Negro who wants to be faithful to himself can be traced to the wholesome use of those as well as to others must adapt himself to' five days on bread and water, and not the the character of his new neighbors—the least important part of this career has been Italian in the South, the cosmopolitan im­ the winning of the friendship of Italians, migrant everywhere in the North. The dead and living. Negro's best hope for a place in the new Again, a Negro enters a candy store in America lies in learning to understand the New York and, before the proprietor comes new Americans. He can best do this by to him, his eye is attracted by a Greek daily going to school with them, using the same paper lying on the counter. When the books they use, thinking the same thoughts proprietor does come he wants the Negro to they think. Where the humanizing influence read aloud something from the paper. The of this contact is denied to them, colored colored man who reads Greek, ancient or youth may still insist on equality of oppor­ modern, is not the one who was struck on tunity for the broadest and fullest education the head with a bottle by a Hellenic that their white fellows receive. "Cast down restaurateur. your buckets where you are" is the gospel The Shaw Settlement House in Boston to Negro boys and girls of school age. If very wisely provides instruction in French there be no well of knowledge in sight, then as well as in cooking and waiting. The go where you can find one, or insist that colored waiter who knows French is far less your elders make you one. Do not stop likely to have a dispute with a Parisian chef to assay the haul, but cast a bucket now and than the servitor whose only recommenda­ always and everywhere for high, higher, tion to the good graces of a white man is his highest education, for without this you could dark skin and his half-understood speech. have no industrial education—you could have More than this, the. Negro who reads the no education at all. 11 FROM IOWA TO MISSISSIPPI

G. S. DICKERMAN

SOME four years ago I made need have no fear about the Northern a trip to Mississippi for the people's abandoning a field into which they anniversary exercises of have put so much as they have here." Tougaloo University. Dur­ The young man listened eagerly, but he ing my visit a young said nothing of what he had in mind. I colored man came and returned to my home and after a few weeks asked for a chance to talk I received a letter from him postmarked with me. He was from Iowa, where he had with a name wholly unfamiliar to me, and acquired a good education, having com­ enclosed was a small kodak picture of a pleted a course in the Marshalltown High dilapidated shack with a flock of sheep at School and then graduated with honor at its door. He wrote in the letter that he was the State University. Believing that the out in the "piney woods" and that he was clearest path to distinction lay in using his arranging to start a school there. abilities for the good of his own people he I had never heard of the "piney woods" had set his face toward the South. He was country as offering unusual attractions for in Mississippi because this seemed to be an a colored school. It was supposed to be especially needy region, and he had been a sort of white man's country, but actually looking about to see if he could find a good in the two counties for which this school was place to begin. He had taught at started the colored children were nearly as Holzclaw's School at Utica, and was now at numerous as the white. In many of the Tougaloo to see the people gathered there for counties of Mississippi the colored people this fortieth anniversary. outnumbered the white four or five to one. In the conversation with me he asked par­ Statistics would seem to point to such ticularly what I thought of the opportunities counties as the best places for such an enter­ for building up schools for the colored prise; but the man who follows the direction people, and among other things he wished of statistics sometimes finds himself astray. to know whether the people of the North Certainly this man made no mistake in break­ were likely to continue their help to this ing into the "piney woods" country, for he kind of work. He had been told by some found a large number of neglected people one that the North was getting tired of con­ eager to welcome him to his undertaking and tributing and was beginning to withdraw its a great many white neighbors ready to join support. To this I replied: "Why, look at in the welcome and to assist his efforts. the facts. There never has been a time when He opened school under a widespreading so much money was coming down from the cedar tree. And such a looking school! The North to maintain colored schools as to­ group that were brought together there were day. Here are all the old schools, like so uninteresting as to be interesting; there Tougaloo, putting up new buildings, extend­ was so much room for improvement. He ing their courses and increasing the number saw in each a sort of tree, alive but only of their students at . an outlay that tends half alive, so overgrown with scales and to advance; these are all sustained with a parasites of ignorance. It was a "human growing interest. Then you will find a orchard," as he calls it, and now he had his whole new crop of schools like that at Utica, job to "spray" it. He was there alone. No­ which have sprung up within the last five body had sent him. He had no missionary or ten years—schools having considerable society behind him and no substantial backers. tracts of land, numerous buildings and He asked for a contribution. An old man who various industrial features; large new sums was born a slave, but whose keen eyes "had of money are being given for their main­ seen the coming of the glory of the Lord," tenance. And then, besides, quite a number made the first gift, and it was $50 in cash of the schools are working to obtain endow­ and forty acres of land. This was great. ments that shall put them on a self-sustaining The school adjourned to the old cabin to basis, and many of them are having remark­ see what could be done with it. They cleared able success. No, that is a false alarm. You out the rubbish and made it clean. They 138 THE CRISIS rigged up some shelves in one corner and them and takes them out to his "plant," which spread pictures over the rough walls. They by this time is fairly booming with its new found some planks and made them into buildings and its people who have seen the tables, on which in due time were set a type- new light and found their way to it through the woods from all the region around. The visitors are men of some distinction. One of them had been a captain in the Union army and later the president of the Iowa Corn Growers' Association; the other was a gradu­ ate of the Iowa Agricultural College at Ames. Prominent citizens of Braxton were glad to welcome them and to accompany them to the new school which was now becoming an object of local pride. It need not be said that it was a great day for these poor people when they gathered in crowds to meet these visitors, some from the North and some from the neighboring city, who were taking so great an interest in this school and in the welfare of those for whom it was established. It was a great clay for the principal also, for it brought to him the warm approval and helpful assurances of men whose endorsement of his work would give it repu­ LAURENCE C. JONES, Ph. B. tation and standing throughout the country. One episode more. "It is not good for a writer and a small printing press. They man to be alone." Principal Jones was began to think of a new building and picked fully aware of this. Wherefore he returned out a spot close by the cabin where they drove about a year ago to Iowa for one who had their stakes as the first step. This is Laurence Clifton Jones, of the Iowa State University, class of 1907, honor man, scholar, thinker, prospector, promoter of education • and character. He is coming to his own here in the pine woods of Mississippi. Three miles away is Braxton on the rail­ road, with its postoffice, bank, stores, churches and prosperous business concerns. He goes down there for his mail, to send off letters and to buy supplies. The people want to know what he is doing out there in the woods. He tells them and he does it in such a way that some of them drive out to look at his operations. They like his work so well that they ask him to let them help, and they raise money among the white neighbors to put up another building for the new school. Next, he writes home to his old friends in Iowa an account of what he has found and what he is doing. They write back in warm congratulation and tell him they, too, would like to take some stock in his enterprise. Some of them have in mind to take a winter trip to the South, and here is just the kind of thing that they want to see; so they get

their tickets to Braxton, where Jones meets MRS. LAURENCE C. JONES. FROM IOWA TO MISSISSIPPI 139

THE ORIGINAL SCHOOL. been educated at the Burlington High School ing press that was set up in the little log and had proved her fitness to share in his cabin with the other furniture. From this ambitions by a number of years' service in press a little four-page paper, called The successful teaching. The two were married Pine Torch, has gone forth from time to at Iowa City last July and took their wed­ time to the friends of the new enterprise. ding trip to their home at Braxton. It is an odd little sheet, printed from type Mention has been made of a small print­ of many sorts and sizes, but alive in every

FARMERS' CONFERENCE. 140 THE CRISIS line with the spirit of the man who gets it felt for miles around. This year we en­ up, who is author, editor, compositor, printer rolled 169 and had to refuse admittance to and publisher, all in one. This paper has many for lack of accommodations. There been the medium of personal communication are eight teachers, who teach academic work with readers in different parts of the country in the morning and industrial training in the and has kept them informed of the progress afternoon. Cooking, sewing, housekeeping, made. gardening, agriculture, carpentry, shoe The March number of The Torch tells of mending, broom making, printing and the recent acquisition of 129 acres of land laundrying are the industries. We have 169 which generous contributors have added to acres of land, three large buildings, seven the original tract and it says: "From New smaller ones used for shops, barns, poultry York to California, Iowans helped buy this house, live stock and industrial apparatus. plantation. The boys are now cutting down All is free from debt, with a total valuation bushes and getting it in condition for farm­ of $10,000." ing. Several acres of oats have been planted What a demonstration this is of the and the tiny blades have covered the earth chances offered in neglected parts of the with a carpet of green." In another column South for well-educated, thoroughly equipped are given the following statements con­ young colored men! I could give a number cerning the school: "Organized in 1909 of other examples in confirmation of the without money, land or friends. An ex-slave lesson. For men like Laurence C. Jones gave the first substantial gift, forty acres there are chances wherever there are igno­ of land and $50 in money. Local interest rant people, and when such an one shall awakened; friends in other sections became appear among them it will be quickly seen interested; the result was the establishment how ready they are to respond to his of a school and center whose influence is efforts for them.

A CORN SHOW AT BRAXTON, Robert Gould Shaw House and Its Work

M By ISABEL EATON MM

TWO monuments to Robert offensively, or otherwise discriminate against Gould Shaw are standing in them. This bias among the American-born his native city to-day: the white members of club organizations acted bronze memorial on Boston practically to close the doors of settlement Common and a neighbor­ houses against the colored people; and so hood house in the South End which bears his name and which, we dare claim, is working in the same great cause for which the heroic young soldier fell, fifty years ago. on the ramparts, of Fort Wagner—for freedom and justice. Inscribed on the Shaw Memorial are Emerson's words: "Stainless soldier on the walls, Knowing this needs know no more: Whoever fights, whoever falls. Justice conquers evermore." And the lines might well be written over the door of Robert Gould Shaw House as its motto, for this house, indeed, has in hand a struggle for justice. "What is this settlement." we are asked, "and what does it do? When did it begin and who brought it into being?" The initial impulse toward the work now going forward at Shaw House came from one of America's foremost social workers, distinguished among them all for breadth of outlook, for wisdom and sincerity, Mr. Robert Archey Woods, of South End House. The first step in the work was taken when Mr. Woods discovered, as the result of a general survey of the South End, that there were several odd corners in which colored people were congregated. These little colonies were at a considerable distance from centers of good influence, and a tentative effort to reach these people was made by opening a few rooms in the midst of one of these recesses. In time, however, the question arose why there should not be a fully equipped settlement in Boston's great central colored community on the border line SHAW HOUSE. between the South End and Roxbury. It is not to be denied, of course, that while it came about that on Mr. Woods' initiative nearly all the Boston settlements steadily a group of social workers conferred' and refuse to draw the color line, there has been decided to establish a settlement house dedi­ all along a bias on the part of club and cated to the ideal of fair play and equal class members who would often, when opportunity—a house in which the colored colored persons did attend settlement gather­ people should have first claim, though none ings, leave them conspicuously isolated in should be excluded. An early annual re­ the midst of the company, would comment port shows this to have been the spirit of 142 THE CRISIS

the founders when it states: "The house residents do much neighborhood visiting, was established to give colored people the and there are at the house classes for girls same privileges that other settlements are and women in millinery, dressmaking, house­ giving- people of other races. The house is keeping, drawing, pottery, raffia, basketry, primarily for colored people—that is, giving brasswork, etc.; classes for boys in brass- them first consideration, but not excluding work, woodwork, bent iron, chair caning, whites. It aims to bring about the co­ electricity, baseball, basketball; music, danc­ operation of both white and colored." ing and gymnastics for both sexes; a young After one or two experiments the work women's orchestra, a boys' orchestra, a took final shape as a social settlement located choral club, the beginning of a music school, at 6 Hammond Street, and was authorized with a pupil of John Orth as volunteer in­ to use the honored name of Shaw, the man structor, a class in English literature led by who gave his life to champion the rights of Miss Baldwin, a class in stenography and one the Negro-American. His name was taken in French, while a study room with a teacher with the cordial consent of the only living always in charge has been planned for next member of his immediate family, his sister, year to help the older boys and girls with Mrs. Francis C. Barlow, who, in permitting their home work. its use, as well as by her generous con­ Among our clubs the Mothers' Club, of tributions to the work of the house, has fifty members, is perhaps the one with heartily endorsed the work which the direc­ greatest possibilities for good influence in tors and residents are doing in the home and neighborhood. A neighborhood community. leagne has been organized at Shaw This much regarding the founding of the House under the presidency of Mrs. Dora settlement. The remaining questions commonly Cole Lewis, and has done something toward asked, "What Robert Gould Shaw House is getting cleaner streets and alley's, moralizing and what it does," are easily answered. public parks and co-operating with the It is a neighborhood house which works Women's Municipal League, the Watch and through clubs and classes, like all settlements. Word and other reform organizations. There It has concerts, parties, dramatics, dances, is a club of fine promise for young girls of entertainments, lectures and socials, like all 15 to 18 years and a similar one for young settlements. It has conferences rather more men, as well as for younger girls and boys, than most settlements, as it has a perplexing- while our troop of Boy Scouts of America problem to deal with more or less constantly, numbers about forty members, eight of them for though it is essentially a neighborhood white boys. house with doors open to all, it is natural The summer work of Shaw House begins that, situated in the midst of a large colored directly after the public schools close, the population, its clientele is chiefly colored and house being open summer and winter, and its problems, therefore, those of the colored running to capacity all the time except people—how to secure an occupation on a Saturday afternoons and Sundays. In sum­ basis of individual fitness, and how to make mer a kindergarten and playroom, with a living on this basis, being the chief of sewing, basketry, etc., is in session every them. The question of occupation and its morning except Saturday. Also picnics, out­ remuneration is undoubtedly the most con­ ings and "country weeks" are arranged for spicuous aspect of the problem facing the our mothers, babies and children. Half- colored man in Massachusetts, where his month vacations at Groton School camp, civil and political rights are customarily se­ X. H., are also secured for some of our cured to him, or, if in some instances denied, boys every summer. There are many other can always be secured by raising the point activities at Shaw House, the description of and fighting the issue. which space forbids, but it is clear from what The method of work at Shaw House is has been said that the house fills a real need also like that of other settlements. Three in our city life. resident workers—two white and one colored Shaw House not only believes in every —assisted by some forty teachers, paid and man's right to earn an honest living and to volunteer, do the work, under the advice and enjoy congenial and healthful recreation, but direction of a council and governing com­ it strives to secure these things for him. mittee of seventeen members. These three Realizing that "the industrial exclusion is in ROBERT GOULD SHAW HOUSE AND ITS WORK 143

MEMBERS Or MOTHERS' CLUB. SHAW HOUSE SCOUTS.

a measure responsible for the social ex­ Station, and to advance another boy to a clusion which often makes the colored people place where he has a chance for promotion, so unhappy when they do show themselves in if he makes good. The council has also ap­ gatherings of white people," the house has pointed on its own residential staff of paid made a beginning in counteracting these social workers Mrs. Hannah C. Smith and tendencies. Each year one or more con­ Miss Josephine Crawford, while a con­ ferences on industrial disability, etc., have siderable number of the colored friends of been held, which have been marked by the the house have acted as paid teachers. frankest and most sympathetic interchange While this is not a long list it is not with­ of opinion between the white and colored out promise, and it leaves entirely out of persons who have attended them, and have account the large number of persons who resulted directly in a number of appoint­ have been placed, through Shaw House, in ments of competent people to positions rarely the usual avenues of work. secured by colored people. Through one A colored woman who knows well what of our councilors three young colored girls have been the relations of the white and have been given positions to do clerical and colored people in Boston assures us that stenographic work, and through a resident, nothing in recent years has been so notable three other stenographers have secured a step forward, nothing has gone further to similar work. Through another councilor advance a real sympathy and understanding a colored graduate of the Y. W. C. A. between the best people of the two races, course in domestic science has for two years than has this series of conferences at Robert done all the catering for Trinity Church and, Gould Shaw House. latterly, for the new Episcopal Cathedral Both the directors and active workers on also, which means constant and well-paid employment. Through another councilor the residential staff are confident that the our scout master and sixteen of our scouts work is making headway in the cause of were sent to Blue Hills camp, and through righteous treatment of our colored citizens. the influence of still another member of our There is the steady effort and constant aim council, backed by Mr. Bradley's own good to keep the doors of Shaw House open work, the latter has just been appointed to toward the broadening future, and to con­ a salaried position on the camp staff of nect the bright and able and faithful young officers. Another councilor has enabled us people who come to us with the larger life to give a stock clerk's place to one of our of the community, rich in promise and in boys who was running an elevator at South opportunity, "for who can reach." NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE

BRANCHES. Hull tickets for any part of the theatre other BALTIMORE. than the topmost gallery. After careful de­ liberation, Judge Marks, in the sixth THE Baltimore branch announces a series district Municipal Court, rendered a of public meetings were held during decision in favor of Mr. Hull, giving judg­ the month of June in the interest of the ment for $100. The attorneys for Mr. Hull National Association. Two very successful were Messrs. Studin & Sonnenberg. An meetings were held in May, at both of which Dr. Mason made addresses. Over 100 new appeal has been taken by the defendant to members were secured. the appellate term of the Supreme Court, but The Baltimore segregation matter, which, the management of the 86th Street Amuse­ as already stated in THE CRISIS, was decided ment Company has evidently been decidedly by Judge Elliott in favor of the colored impressed by the verdict, for their policy of people, has been appealed. discrimination has been changed in favor of The branch announces that it will con­ that of admitting colored people to any part tinue its work on this case. Mr. Charles A. of their theatres, of which they own several. Boston, of the firm of Hornblower, Miller & CHICAGO. Potter, of New York, a member of the National Association's legal redress com­ The Chicago branch reports through the mittee and of the Maryland bar, has ex­ legislative committee that the intermar­ pressed his willingness to co-operate in this riage bills pending in the Illinois legisla­ ease with the Baltimore branch and with Mr. ture are dead beyond any possibility of William M. Wherry, Jr., the association's resurrection at the session now drawing counsel. rapidly to a close, and that the "full-crew"

NEW YORK. bill has been successfully blocked in the railroad committees of both houses, and in The New York vigilance committee is all probability will not be reported in time vigorously pushing cases of discrimina­ to pass. tion in places of public amusement. Over forty-three cases have been reported by com­ INDIANAPOLIS. plainants and investigated by the executive secretary. A number of these were very good The Indianapolis branch is investigating cases and are on the court calendars to come the condition of colored women in the up in the near future. In all cases the policy women's prison. Enthusiastic meetings held has been to visit the proprietor and convince in May and June were addressed by Dr. him that he was violating the law. One case, Du Bois and Dr. Mason. won within the month, has been that of QUINCY. Hull vs.. the 86th Street Amusement Com­ pany, which conducts a moving-picture The Quincy branch last month succeeded theatre on 86th Street, New York City. The in publishing statements in the white papers defendant in this case refused to sell Mr. giving the facts of discrimination. AS OTHERS SEE 145

TACOMA. activities of this branch in connection with The Tacoma branch reports most en­ Dr. Du Bois' visit will be given later. thusiastic meetings given for Dr. Du Bois on his Western tour. Besides the Tacoma LYNCHING. meetings, at one of which the mayor of Tacoma presided, a banquet and reception As a result of the association's work were given for Dr. Du Bois, and lie was pre­ in Coatcsville, a hill has been introduced sented with a loving cup by members of the into the Pennsylvania legislature which branch. The members of the branch also charges the damages inflicted by mobs to the arranged for meetings in many other North­ city or town and automatically dismisses the western cities! An account of the splendid sheriff who loses a prisoner.

AS OTHERS SEE

DR. ISAAC N. KENDALL was a man paper simply because he dislikes something who never gave way in his conviction it says."—The Georgia Baptist, Augusta. that the Negro should have precisely similar "I am so delighted with THE CRISIS. It opportunities in education with any other was a most interesting number."—The wife race. He never faltered in his effort to make of a Northern professor. this an institution of higher education. His "I am always glad to hear about the good was a self-forgetting life and for this reason things our people are doing and their wonder­ he was not as well known as some of the other ful progress. I have enjoyed this number benefactors of the race. Again, he advocated of THE CRISIS very much. It is the best the unpopular side—complete courses in, ever and should be taken by every black man languages and science for the Negro—and so and woman in the country."—A black was looked upon as unpractical. Once more woman. he tried to make and keep Lincoln University "I have got five persons who had been a place of contact between the races, where very much opposed to Negroes to reading the philanthropic white man could serve on THE CRISIS and have one of the largest the board of trustees and where the educated firms in the city (Chicago) that I do business white man might teach if he wished. For with to treat me with more courtesy, and this, also, he was criticised. He was called likewise other colored people who cross their narrow, etc. His desire, however, was merely doorsill to do business with them. I wish to keep intact one of the fast vanishing you continued success."—A black man. points of contact between the races. He had "After my encounter with the dean, a no race feeling whatever and I can personally fellow with fight in him began sending him testify that he considered the Negro equal in a marked copy of THE CRISIS every month. capacity, possibility of culture and ability Since then his attitude toward me has to develop to any race on earth."—Dean gradually undergone a complete change."— Johnson, of Lincoln University. A student in the North. "We heard the baccalaureate sermon de­ "Hearty congratulations to THE CRISIS livered last Sunday by Dr. Johnson, dean of again for the splendid work it is doing."— Lincoln University, at Haines School, in this A white social worker. city. His text was: 'Thou hast brought me "The best piece of propaganda journalism out into a large place.' A few weeks ago, when in the country."—A white editor. THE CRISIS stated that Lincoln University "We prize THE CRISIS very much."— had never got to the place where it thought President McGranaban, of Knoxville College. any of its colored graduates worthy 'of " "I shall just send information about one teachers' places in that institution, Dr. John­ student, as I feel that we ought to be satis­ son wrote Dr. Du Bois asking him please to fied to have one representative from Ohio stop sending THE CRISIS. It is a bad sign State University in the Educational Number when a man (any man) stops taking a news­ of our invaluable CRISIS."—A student. 146 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

"I assure you that I appreciate the oppor­ local agent and highly recommend it in my tunity to bring our work to the attention of church and community. It pleads the cause the readers of THE CRISIS."—President of an oppressed people who cannot in many Ware, of Atlanta University. instances plead for themselves. It puts the "I read every issue of THE CRISIS from Negro in the true and proper light before the cover to cover, although not a subscriber. I world. It counteracts the infamous false­ hope, however, to become one in the autumn. hoods circulated in and by the daily press. I wish THE CRISIS every success."—A Yale It manifests the ability of the Negro to pro­ student. duce such a splendid review as THE CRISIS." "I take THE CRISIS every month from your —A Negro clergyman, Covington, Ky.

PUBLISHERS' CHAT

For the past three months we have been printing 30,000 copies of THE CRISIS. Telegraphic orders for additional copies of the May and June numbers could not be filled. This month we print our record edition of 32,000. In this year of fiftieth anniversaries—Emancipation, Fort Wagner, etc.— THE CRISIS wants to reach its fiftieth thousand by its third birthday, Novem­ ber 1. It can be done if you help do it. If you have not yet made up your mind as to just what THE CRISIS is and means to the American people, read care­ fully and ponder over the above letters, then do not delay until the autumn to send in your subscription, but forward it now, with as many others as you can get. You will thus secure these interesting numbers: AUGUST CALIFORNIA SEPTEMBER THE NORTHWEST OCTOBER THE CHILDREN

TELLING A STORY To friends who know you, may be easy, but "putting one over" to strangers is quite different.

Telling a busy, business man about your services or your merchandise is still less a "cinch," for he hears the same story every day a dozen or more times.

A clever speaker, before a sleepy or hostile audience, puts a good, stiff punch into his very first remark. This "knocks 'em off their feet" and they listen.

Your business letters may be good, but if they lack the "punch" they won't "pull." Correct business stationery is the "punch" that hits the busy man "right in the eye" and makes him read your letter.

We'll show you the sort of stationery we create, if you write us.

We print for Mr. Conde Nast, of Vogue; we print The CRISIS.

ROBERT N. WOOD, Printing and Engraving

202 EAST 99th STREET NEW YORK 'Phone 6667 Lenox

Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 147

No. 4 Special Buggy only $65.00 HIGHEST GRADE A Value Unequaled. Sold on $1.00 Profit Margin. FROM FACTORY TO USER Write for prices and other styles. Send for Catalogue. C. R. PATTERSON & SONS, GREENFIELD, OHIO.

LARGEST NEGRO CARRIAGE CONCERN IN THE UNITED STATES. SCHOOL OF BEAUTY CULTURE AND HAIR DRESSING

Manicuring, Shampooing, Hair Dressin?, Marcel Wav­ ing, Facial and Body Massage, Hair Making, Chiropody, KELSEY'S etc., scientifically taught. Unlimited practice in parlor day and night. Pupils taught at home, if desired. Telephone, Morningside 8162 Diplomas. Special Summer Course, $7.50 up. Send for 113 West 131st St. booklet. Mme. A. Carter Kelsey, Gen'l Intr.; Dr. Samuel NEW YORK A. Kelsey, Chiropodist, President and Gen'l Manager. MILES M. WEBB Something New Chicago's Expert Photographer Kelly Miller's Monographic Magazine

Issued monthly. Complete treat­ ment of some phase of the race problem in each issue. "Education for Manhood" in the April number. Price, 10 cents a single copy; 25 cents for three months' subscription; $1 per year. Rates to agents: 7j4 cents a copy on orders under ten; 5 cents a copy on orders over fifteen. Agents wanted everywhere. On account of liberal rates, remittance

must accompany order. Address I specialize in every phase of artistic picture making. Send me your photos for enlargement. Prices reasonable HOWARD UNIVERSITY Satisfaction guaranteed. 'Phone 6688 Douglass Washington ------D. C. WEBB STUDIO 3519 State Street Chicago, 111.

Mention THE CRISIS. 148 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

The very Business Opportunity for which YOU have been looking may possibly be here on this page.

SELLS LIKE HOT CAKES LEARN PIANO BY EAR Agents wanted IN A WEEK Write F. W. LITTE everywhere to sell this ironing wax in 192 46,h Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. pad form. It per­ fumes the clothes with a lasting violet perfume. Madam My toilet articles will add the WAX-IN-PAD MANUFACTURERS Ilfl51|15l| 1 final touch of refinement and Lynbrook - New York I'*******"* good taste to your dressing table Earle's Skin and Complexion Food $ .25 WHILE YOU LEARN Princess Hair Oil SO A splendid opportunity for EARN ambitious young men and La Quinine Hair Tonic 50 women. Antiseptic Toilet Water 25 We teach Shorthand, Typewriting, Bookkeeping Earle's French Bay Rum 25 and Business Arithmetic, according to the latest methods of modern business science. Earnest, Earle's Violet Extract 35 efficient instructors. Earle's Violet Water 50 We also maintain an EMPLOYMENT BUREAU to Earle's Lilac Water 50 assist our students and graduates in securing posi­ tions. Many of them now hold steady positions Agents wanted everywhere. Write for terms. with some of New York's largest business houses. The service of the Bureau is FREE. Correspondence JAMES T. EARLE invited. Address Manufacturing Perfumer Harlem Commercial School 5 Collins Street Newport, R. I. T. WALTER MOTTLEY, Principal 110 West 139th Street .... New York JUST THINK OF IT iir WANTED ~w: Gordon Safety Razors made to retail for 25c. Shaves Men "and women everywhere to start pleasant, profitable home work. Manufacture toilet articles, as smoothly as some of the highf-priced razors perfumes and household specialties. I start you Splendid seller. Will last a lifetime. Sample, 10c. right and give free advice one year. Send for my list, select any three formulas, mail to me with $1, GORDON COMPANY and get formulas and plain, complete directions. I Northwestern Building Chicago, HI. guarantee satisfaction or money back. List and valuable information free. Fourteen years' prac­ tical chemistry. Address HARVEY L. PITTMAN, Manufacturing Chemist 618 Fifth Avenue, East - - - Duluth, Minn. RELIABLE, LIVE, SPARE TIME WORK RESPONSIBLE MEN Colored agents, male or female, are wanted every­ who can sell real estate can MAKE MORE where to take orders for our high-grade calling than $200 PER MONTH acting as cards, invitations, etc. We are furnishing high- AGENTS for the sale of our properties in grade calling cards in correct styles and sizes for ladies or gentlemen at 50 cents for 100 or 25 cents MUSKOGEE and TAFT, OKLAHOMA. for 50; no extra charge for address. Big demand The real coming country where there are everywhere. Liberal commissions allowed. Outfit free. Exclusive territory given. Write now for opportunities and openings for all. Write terms. us to-day, giving your age and experience, THE HOUSE OF CHOWNING and we will offer you a FINE PROPOSI­ Indianapolis .... Indiana TION WHICH WILL MAKE YOU MONEY. Address WANTED—ONE MAU OR WOMAN IN EVERY locality to start a Candy Kitchen. Best paying small business on earth 1 Few dollars starts you. REEVES REALTY CO. Get away from wage slavery. Write for particu­ Department C lars. Native Herbarium Co., Ambler, Pa. 217 Flynn-Ames Bldg. Muskogee, Okla. Folding BATH TUB Costs little, no plumbing, requires little water. Weight 15 pounds, and folds into 6mall roll. $25.00 PER WEEK Full length baths, for botter than tin tubs. L*st« for Write for special •gente offer and description. RJIIUMHON may be made in commissions by parties handling 1 Vance St Toledo, 0. Mfru. Turklah B»th Cabinet*. "History of Negro Soldiers in Spanish-American War" combined with "History of the Negro Race." 400 pages, 50 illustrations. Price $1.25 net.

Address: VENTRILOQUISM E. A. JOHNSON TanRht Almost Anyone at Home. Small coat. Send today 2c stamp 154 Nassau Street for particulars and proof. 0. A. SMITH, Room R 103, 823 BlgelowSt.. PEORIA, ILL. New York Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 149

PLACES TO STOP ARCHITECTS

TANDY & FOSTER RIGHT ON THE BEACH! Architects 1931 Broadway New York ore Hotel Telephone 5368 Columbus Open from May to October H. HENRY HARRIS The best summer hotel with the most delightful surroundings. Architect Situated on Chesapeake Bay, right Cor. 8th and Princess Streets on the beach, three miles, from Fort­ Wilmington, N. C. ress Monroe, Va. A charming location, a fine and safe bathing beach and good fishing. Thirty-two bedrooms, spacious par­ MUTUAL TEACHERS' lors, broad piazzas and a large pavilion. AGENCY The hotel has just been greatly im­ Recommends teachers for schools; secures proved by the addition of several employment tor teachers. Blanks and bedrooms, baths, porches and an up- information furnished free on application. to-date kitchen. 1335 T Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. Our patrons will be delighted with "Dear old Bay Shore" enlarged and beautified. REGALIA No restless nights here, for the breezes blow while you sleep. Terms moderate. Address A Race Enterprise THE BAY SHORE HOTEL CO. Manufacturing Badges, P. O. Box 364, Hampton, Va. Banners and Supplies J. Henry Robinson, Manager for all Fraternal and Good trolley car service between the Church Societies. Cata­ hotel and Hampton, Fortress Monroe logue upon request. and Newport News. CENTRAL REGALIA CO. Jos. L. Jones, Pres. N. E. Cor. 8th and Plum Sti. Cincinnati, Ohio

HOTEL COMFORT TYPEWRITERS MBS. M. B. COMFORT, Proprietress

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J. E. ORMES ACCOUNTANT The ideal summer resort—open all the year Audits Systems Corner Second St. and Bay Ave. - - Ocean City, N. J. Business information by mail. Open for engagements July and August. Box 25, Wilberforee University Wilberforee, O. HOTEL WASHINGTON First-class Service for First-class People 3252 Wabash Avenue, REPRESENTATIVES WANTED A number of bright young men and women wanted Chicago, 111. at once to represent us in their communities. A splendid opportunity for energetic young people. From $25 to $45 easily made by ordinary young BISHOP COLLEGE. MARSHALL, TEX. person willing to work. Double that amount can Maintains college, academic, theological, musical, normal easily be made by the right kind of young people. grammar and industrial departments. Offers the most ad­ Address the vanced courses and is the best-eQuJpped school for Negroes in the Southwest. For Information address NO RTHWB STERN EXTENSION UNIVERSITY C. H. MAXSON, President 207 South Sixth Street - - Minneapolis, Minn.

Mention THE CRISIS. 150 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

$60.00 Agents, Look! WEEK

Selling our Beacon Lights, W. E. Burg- hardt Du Bois, Booker T. Washington, Little Shepherd and 12 other Negro pictures. Exclusive territory given. Por­ traits, 16 x 20 frames, 14 cents. Pillow tops

Address BERLIN ART ASSOCIATION (Established 1898) Department C 233 North Fifth Ave., Chicago, 111.

Mrs. DAISY TAPLEY Miss MINNIE BROWN

Teacher of voice and piano, will take a limited SOPRANO number of pupils during the summer months. May be engaged for commencements, concerts and Choruses trained, soloists coached. Engagements recitals For terms address: for concerts solicited. For terms and appointments address the studio: 172 West 133d Street NEW YORK Care of Tapley Studio 172 West 133d Street NEW YORK

THE EQUITABLE ASSURANCE SOCIETY OF OKLAHOMA Telephone Connection Incorporated and licensed by the Insurance Department of the State of Oklahoma to write life, , "DEACON" JOHNSON health and accident insurance on the level premium basis. No assessments. Address Home Office (That Cheerful Entertainer) Leader, Mandolin and Second Tenor with Peoples Bank & Trust Company Bldg. THE "DEACON" JOHNSON QUARTET Muskogee ------Oklahoma Montreal New York Philadelphia Permanent Address: Times Sq. Sta., Box 317, New York City t Atlanta University Studies of the MME. FANNIE BELLE DE KNIGHT Negro Problems Dram at ic and Dialect Reader. Engagements so­ licited. Students given special training in the Delsarte liethod. Instruction also given in Dialect, 16 Monographs. Sold Separately. EDglish Grammar and Rhetoric. Address: Terms Reasonable. Telephone Morningside 9045 A. G. DILL Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga. Studio: 231 W. 134th St. New York City

The Curse of Race Prejudice By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. Mme. MARIE JACKSON STUART'S School of Expression, Music and Dramatic Art An aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon champion of equal rights. Startling facts and crush­ A thorough, well-defined course of instruction, ing arguments. Fascinating reading. A necessity designed to give the student a comprehensive grasp for clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. of each subject in the shortest time. Terms Belongs in the library of every friend of social reasonable. justice. Price 25 cents. Send orders to Drama* staged. Amateurs trained. Plays revised. ADDRESS JAMES F. MORTON, JR. 35 West 131st Street .... New York 244 West 143d Street New York, N. Y.

Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 151

LEGAL DIRECTORY LEGAL DIRECTORY—Continued Central 104W Telephones: This is a ready reference of some of the Main 61 best lawyers in the country. HARRY E. DAVIS Attomey-at-Law Notary Public BBF* If you are a lawyer and your name is 1607 Williamson Bldg. Cleveland, O. not listed here you should write us at once. ELIJAH J. GRAHAM, Jr. Residence 2546 Michigan Office Phone Bell Phone E-2161 Home 58 Main Attorney-at-Law and Notary Public C H. CALLOWAY 1026 Market Street Wheeling, W. Va. Attorney and Counselor-at-Law William H. Austin Edmund O. Austin Notary Public Law Offices of 117 W. 6th Street Kansas City, Mo. AUSTIN & AUSTIN St. Paul Building, 220 Broadway, New York Suite 7—H, I, ,T, K FRANKLIN W. WILLIAMS Telephones: 7400, 5365, 5366 Cortlandt Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Telephone 5552 Cedar Notary Public - R. O. LEE Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Real Estate Conveyancer Practice in All Courts 206 Parrish Street Durham, N. C. 25 and 26 Union Block, 4th & Cedar, St. Paul, Minn.

Office L. D. Telephone 3297 Market PERSONAL CARDS Residence L. D. Telephone, 5277-M Market GEORGE A. DOUGLAS Telephone 5277 Morningside Counselor-at-Law DR. GERTRUDE E. CURTIS Rooms 613-614, Metropolitan Building Surgeon Dentist 113 Market St., Cor. Washington, Newark, N. J. 188 West 135th Street, New York City

General Practice Notary Public Telephone 4885 Morningside WILLIAM R. MORRIS DR. D. W. ONLEY Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Surgeon Dentist 1020 Metropolitan Life Building S. W. Cor. 133d St. and Lenox Ave., New York Minneapolis, Minn. Office Honrs: 9 to 12 a. m., 1 to 9 p. m. Snndays by Appointment

BROWN S. SMITH Telephone 4048 Prospect Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Offices: Suite 610, Sykes Block. JOHN B. MOSELEY Minneapolis, Minn. REAL ESTATE and INSURANCE

GEORGE W. MITCHELL 640 Fulton Street Brooklyn, N. Y. Attorney-a t-Law UNDERTAKERS 908 Walnut Street Philadelphia, Pa. Telephone Columbus 3935 Open All Night RODNEY DADE & BROS. Tel. 2026 Fort Hill Cable Address, Epben Undertaken and Embalmeri EDGAR P. BENJAMIN Notary Public Funeral Parlor and Chapel Free. Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Licensed Lady Embalmer Prompt Service 34 SCHOOL STRBBT Boston, Mass. 266 Welt 63d Street New York, N. Y. Between Broadway and 8th Avenue Telephone Connection W. Ashbie Hawkins George W. F. McMechen MOVING HAWKINS & McMECHEN Attorneys-a t-Law Telephone 4214 Greeley 21 East Saratoga Street Baltimore, Md. BRANIC'S EXPRESS PACKING AND SHIPPING Phones: Office, Bell 4059; New 420-M. Residence, New 733-A. ANDREW J. BRANI0 469 SEVENTH AVENUE New York City THOS. E. GREENE, JR. Orders by mall or 'phone receive prompt attention Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Notary PuhUc TRUNKS STORED 25c. PER MONTH Maloney Block Youngstown, Ohio Official Expressman for the C. V. B. A.

Menti THE CRISIS. 152 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

"HALF A MAN" The Status of the Negro in New York By MARY WHITE OVINGTON With a foreword by Dr. Franz Boas of Columbia University

Chapter I. How the colored people won their civil and political rights. Chapters II. and III. The Negro tenement and the life of the poor. Chapters IV. and V. How the colored man earns his living, with a full descrip­ tion of the professions; the ministry, the stage. Chapter VI. The colored woman, her discouragements and successes. Chapter VII. A vivid description of the life of the well-to-do Negroes. Chapter VIII. The Negro in politics in New York. Chapter IX. The author's personal views on the race question.

Price $1.00; by mail, $1.12. LONGMANS, GREEN & CO., Publishers, NEW YORK

This book is for sale in the Book Department of The Crisis, 26 Vesey St., N. Y.

Provident Hospital and Training School for Colored Nurses Aim: To keep its technic equal to the best

Founded 1891 The first training school for colored nurses in this country, Freedman's excepted. Comprises a training school for nurses, hospital, dispensary, and thoroughly equipped children's depart­ ment ; "when funds are ample, post­ graduate work may be undertaken. The hospital is open to all. The races co-operate in the board of trustees, in the medical staff and in administration; the institution is the only one of its kind in which a colored man may act as interne. Cost of buildings and equipment, $100,000; free from debt. Endowment, $50,000, contributed mostly by wills made by colored men. Additional endowment needed, $50,000. The nurses' course covers three years; training and instruction given by both races, according to the highest 36th and Dearborn Sts., Chicago, 111. modern standards.

Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 153 THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE OFFICES: 26 Vc*ey Street, New York. Incorporated May 25, 191 1

OFFICERS National President—Mr. Moorneld Storey, Boston, Chairman of the Board of Directors— Mass. Mr. Oswald Garrison Vlllard, New York. Vice-Presidents— Rev. John Haynes Holmes, New York. Treasurer—Mr. Walter E. Sachs, New York. Mr. John E. Milholland, New York. Director of Publicity and Research— Bishop Alexander Walters, New York. Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois, New York. Rev. Garnet R. Waller, Baltimore, Md. National Organizer—Dr. M. C. B. Mason, Cincinnati. Miss Mary White Ovington, Brooklyn, N. Y. Secretary—Miss May Childs Nerney, Brooklyn, N. Y.

This is the Association which seeks to put into

practice the principles which THE CRISIS puts

into words. If you believe what we SAY, join this

Association and help us to put our words into

DEEDS. .

MEMBERSHIP BLANK I hereby accept membership in the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE.

Please find enclosed dollars and enter my name as a member in Class

paying $ a year, and send me THE CRISIS.

Name

Address

Class 1. Donors, paying $100 to $500 per Class 3. Contributing Members, paying year. $2 to $10 per year. Class 2.. Sustaining Members, paying Class 4. Associate Members, paying $1 $25 per year. per year. The subscription to THE CRISIS is $1 extra, except to members paying $2 or more, who signify their wish that $1 of their dues be considered a CRISIS subscription. All members in good standing have the privilege of attending and voting at the Annual Conference of the Association.

PLEASE MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE, 26 VESEY STREET, NEW YORK CITY.

Mention THE CRISIS. 154 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

We will do your typewriting $1.25 WORTH FOR $1.00 and save you money. And a Teaspoon FREE Theses and legal papers promptly and accurately executed. To introduce our high-grade Send us your manuscripts. teas and coffees into every home We'll typewrite them—have them we will, for $1, send to any ad­ revised, if necessary—and help dress, by prepaid parcel post, 3-ou get them placed with 1 pound Superior Blend Coffee. publishers. 1/2 pound Choice Mixed Tea. 1/4 pound Ground Spice (your Send us your song poems. choice) We'll have them set to music and and a handsomely engraved tell you how and where to get Rogers teaspoon. Guar­ them published. anteed 10 years. We construct circulars, follow- LADY AGENTS WANTED; dignified work; everybody drinks tea and coffee. Good up letters and advertisements commission. Handsome premiums free. which create business. Write Department A. KANISTER TEA & COFFEE COMPANY ANIN'S SERVICE BUREAU "Modern Day Service in Cup Quality" 115 Nassau St. - - - New York 681 Atlantic Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.

If You Plan to Visit The new odorless disinfectant at less than one-quarter cent per gallon. New York This Summer Safe, efficient, economical. The only disinfectant that abso­ lutely destroys any odor without leav­ ing another. "U-Zit" is just starting. Start with it. Antiseptic and harmless. One teaspoonful makes three gallons. For study, sightseeing or pleasure Hot or cold water. and desire quiet, respectable ac­ "U-Zit" for scrubbing. "U-Zit" for dishwashing. commodations with the best "U-Zit" for cleaning woodwork, windows, refrigerators. private families, write the "U-Zit" for thoroughly disinfecting Housing Bureau of the National toilets, etc. "U-Zit" for cleaning the barn, League on Urban Conditions dairies, etc. "U-Zit" to kill all germs and better Among Negroes, at 127 W. 135th preserve health. "U-Zit" is guaranteed to be as rep­ Street, New York. resented or money refunded. Sample test free. Can we be of service to you? Personal references given. "U-Zit" is put up in cans and retailed for the small sum of $1 per pound. Special five-pound can, $4, F. O. B. Chicago. Terms, thirty days. Address Our Service Is Absolutely FREE U-ZIT SPECIALTIES CO. 3726 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111.

Mention THE CRISIS RECEIVES THE PLAUDITS PRINTYPE OF THE PUBLIC

Vigilant Protector of People's Eyesight Hailed as a Benefactor by Many Thousands of Enthusiastic Admirers 'Officer Printype" Responds with Becoming Modesty.

Officer Printype says: "I am overwhelmed by the ovation which has greeted my appearance in your midst. I am simply doing my sworn duty in ridding the Business and Financial Districts of the Bad Characters that for years have made Typewriters a menace to your eyesight. I have mercilessly exposed and relentlessly pursued these dangerous Typewriter Types, which are responsible for more cases of Defective Vision than all other causes combined. "Report direct to my headquarters in the Oliver Typewriter Building, Chicago, any machine whose type is violating the Optical Law and I'll have the offender haled before the Court of Public Opinion."

on The Oliver Typewriter, a page of manuscript PRINTYPE as clear and attractive as that of the finest hook. The Oliver is the first and only typewriter OLIVER that successfully prints print! THE PRIMARY REASON Printype resulted from our discovery that Printype is owned and controlled "outline" type, with its sameness, due to absence exclusively by The Oliver Type­ of shading, was harmful to the eyes. writer Company THE SILENT TEST America rings with praise and applause for Printype. 1 his superb new typewriter type lias For months, without any advertising, we put attracted more at ten tion than any typewriter hundreds of Printype Oliver Typewriters into innovation brought out in recent years. actual service, in many divers lines of business. Hundreds of thousands of people have seen We wanted the public's verdict. It came in a this new type anil wondered what it was that burst of admiration and a flood of orders that marie Printype Corres pondence seem like a proved Printype a brilliant success. spoken message. There's virility, strength and Printype letters, whenever seen, excited the charm in Printype correspondence. There's keenest interest. Business men who received refinement an«l "class" and style. their first Printype letter almost invariably Not because of its novelty—it's inherent in answered, post haste—"Where did you get that the type! type:'" Thus Printype captured the country without firing a single shot. A VAST IMPROVEMENT PRICE NOT ADVANCED Printype is designed in shaded letters and numeral-, like the type in winch books and The Printype Oliver Typewriter sells for $100. magazines are printed. Jt is book type trans­ You can pay at the rate of 17 cents a day. The formed and adapted to modern typewriter "Printypcr" is our latest and best model. The requirements. new type adds 25 per cent, to the value, but not This radical departure from the old style one cent to the price. A small cash payment "outline" letters makes it possible to produce, brings the machine. (-48) SEND PRINTYPE COUPON NOW! If you or anyone in whom you arc in­ The Ol iver Typewriter Company, terested c o n t e m- 310 Broadway, New York, N. Y. plate going to a Tell Officer "Printype" to write me Business College, a letter and send me his Book. I'm write us first and we interested. will, without charge, supply you with Name some very valuable .address information on the subject.

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Mention THE CRISIS.