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University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum Museum, University of Nebraska State August 1993 "Taxonomy" from Biology of the Heteroeromyidae Daniel F. Williams California State University - Stanislaus Hugh H. Genoways University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Janet K. Braun University of Oklahoma Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy Part of the Zoology Commons Williams, Daniel F.; Genoways, Hugh H.; and Braun, Janet K., ""Taxonomy" from Biology of the Heteroeromyidae" (1993). Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum. 112. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy/112 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. TAXONOMY DANIEL F. WILLIAMS, HUGH H. GENOWAYS, AND JANET K. BRAUN Introduction erein the taxonomy of the family is a single term for consistency except in cases H reviewed and diagnoses of Recent where we were unsure how an author mea­ species and accounts of all currently rec­ sured a trait. Ifno measurements were given ognized Recent species and subspecies are for holotypes (more than halfofthe species provided. The objective is to present a cur­ and subspecies) or where the measurements rent taxonomy for the family rather than a in the original description differed from our systematic review. Unfortunately, there own, either the published measurements in have been no comprehensive reviews for a subsequent revision, with appropriate ci­ most genera for 80 years or more and the tation, or our measurements were used. For current taxonomy of many species clearly a few taxa, measurements were made by is unsatisfactory, as is the understanding of others at our request. These are noted in the the relationships between most of the de­ acknowledgments. Museums where holo­ scribed fossil and Recent taxa. types are stored are identified by acronyms Arrangement ofsubfamilies, genera, spe­ preceding the catalog numbers; acronyms cies, and subspecies is alphabetical rather are those listed by Yates et al. (1987) for than phylogenetic. Recognition of species North American collections or by conven­ and subspecies, and taxonomic treatment tion for those few outside North America. oftaxa at the generic level and above, were Type localities are as given in the original generally based on the most recent system­ description except all numbers ~ 1,000 have atic reviews and published analyses of ar­ commas inserted for clarity, accent marks rangements. For cases where there was dis­ are used in spelling locality names where agreement in the literature on taxonomy, appropriate, and ft and m have no period. opinion derived from studies ofdistribution Other necessary amendments to the type and variation was favored over unsubstan­ localities are enclosed in brackets. tiated belief. Measurements ofholotypes (except weight in g) are given in mm. Measurements are Taxonomic History 0/the as listed in the original description, except Family Heteromyidae where conversion to mm was necessary. Where different terms were used in the lit­ The name Saccomyna Gray, 1843 was the erature for the same measurement, we used first applied to members ofthe family, based 38 TAXONOMY 39 on the genus Saccomys Fr. Cuvier, 1823, Alston (1876) first used the name Hetero­ with type species S. anthophilus. The origin myinae to contain the species included in of the type specimen was uncertain and its the family Saccomyidae of Gill (1872). Al­ type locality, given as North America, was ston (1876) discarded the family and sub­ thought to be one ofthe West Indian islands family names of earlier authors because (Baird, 1858). Because Cuvier's name could Saccomys was a synonym ofHeteromys and not be applied to any ofthe known species, he believed it necessary to derive the name it was later considered a nomen dubium and from the latter. Alston (1876) combined the Saccomys was relegated to the synonymy of Geomyinae and Heteromyinae in the fam­ Heteromys Desmarest, 1817 (Peters, 1874, ily Geomyidae. Coues (1877) reviewed the as quoted in translation in Coues, 1877:487). prior taxonomic history ofthe heteromyids Coues (1877), based on remarks by Peters and included other family or subfamily (as quoted in Coues, 1877:487), reached this names that had been used for various het­ conclusion but believed it unnecessary to eromyids. Allen and Chapman (1893) first discard the synonym Saccomys as the basis used the name Heteromyidae to constitute ofthe family name. Waterhouse (1848) used the family as currently defined. Weber (1904) the name Saccomyina to contain all of the first used the superfamily name Geomy­ North American rodents with external cheek oidea for the Geomyidae and Heteromyi­ pouches, encompassing the pocket gophers dae. Wood (1936) described a new subfam­ and heteromyids. The family name, Dipod­ ily ofHeteromyidae, Florentiamyinae, based omyna Gervais, 1853, which applied only on Florentiamys loomisi; Rensberger (1973) to the currently defined heteromyids, was transferred Florentiamyinae to the Geo­ proposed next. Baird (1858) amended Gray's myidae, stating that it shared lineage with name to Saccomyidae, and used the sub­ Entoptychinae and Pleurolicinae. family names Geomyinae for the pocket go­ Recognition ofone or two families for the phers and Saccomyinae for the hetero­ geomyids and heteromyids and their group­ myids. Later, Gray (1868) used the name ing as a superfamily have generated persis­ Saccomyinae for the known species of het­ tent disagreements for nearly 150 years. eromyids and the subdivisions (tribes), Di­ Most recently, Shotwell (1967) and Lindsay podomyina (Dipodomys) and Heteromyina (1972) classified geomyids and heteromyids (Abromys, Cricetodipus, Dasynotus, Hetero­ in a single family, while others (e.g., Hafner, mys, Perognathus, and Saccomys-Abro­ 1982; Hafner and Hafner, 1983; Wahlert, mys and Cricetodipus are synonyms of Pe­ 1985) classified them as separate families in rognathus, and Dasynotus and Saccomys are the superfamily Geomyoidea. Although the synonyms of Heteromys). Gray (1868:199) two groups are recognizably distinct bio­ used Baird's (1858) subfamily spelling but chemically and structurally, recognition of wrote only of"the family" ofpouched mice, one or two families is arbitrary; thus, there from which he excluded the pocket gophers. probably will continue to be disagreements Gray (1868) treated Saccomys anthophilus about their classification at the family level. as a valid species, not mentioning its pos­ Herein, the taxonomic arrangement ofHet­ sible synonymy with Heteromys (Hafner and eromyidae above the family level follows Hafner, 1983:4, incorrectly implied that the classification presented by Carleton Gray recognized that Saccomys was a syn­ (1984). onym ofHeteromys; see Peters above). Gill (1872) first formally used the name Sacco­ Classification and Species Accounts myidae as equivalent to the subfamily Sac­ comyinae ofBaird (1858) and Gray (1868), Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 and combined the Saccomyidae and Geo­ Subclass Theria Parker and Haswell, 1897 myidae in the superfamily Saccomyoidea. Infraclass Eutheria Gill, 1872 40 WILLIAMS ET AL. Order Rodentia Bowdich, 1821 zygomatic arches; nasals extend far beyond Suborder Sciurognathi Tullberg, 1899 incisors; zygomatic arches slender, with Infraorder Myomorpha Brandt, 1855 greatly reduced jugal (malar) and nearly Superfamily Geomyoidea Weber, 1904 contacting the tympanic; frontal trapezoid and broad; parietal broad and quadrate to Family Heteromyidae Allen and Chapman, pentagonal or triangular; interparietal broad 1893 to exceedingly tiny or obsolete; squamosal Diagnosis. -Size small to medium-small mostly or entirely confined to orbit; infra­ for order, total length varying from about orbital canal long and opening at a large 100 to 370 mm and mass ranging from about perforation anteriorly on rostrum and pro­ 5 to 170 g; tail shorter to much longer than tected from muscle pressure by counter­ length of head and body; body forms qua­ sinking in vacuity; mastoid foramen minute drupedal, subricochetal (some fossil forms), or absent; sphenopterygoid foramen occu­ and ricochetal; locomotion scansorial to ric­ pied only by a large vein or by a large vein ochetal; hind limbs considerably larger than and part of the internal pterygoid muscle; forelimbs; hind feet longer than typical vascular canal in basisphenoid vestigial; murids and cricetids; manus with four, jugular (posterior lacerate) foramen situated clawed digits; pes with four or five clawed between tympanic bulla and basioccipital digits; claws ofmanus elongate and slender; and large and slit-like; coronoid process fore- and hind feet slender; soles of hind small, sloping, and below level of mandib­ feet naked to clothed with dense covering ular condyle; mandibles small and widely of fur; invagination of skin on face forms diverging posteriorly; baculum with bul­ fur-lined cheek pouch opening anteriorly bous base tapering to a thin, upturned tip near the mouth; hairs oftwo orthree general or, exceptionally, an ornate, trifid tip; male types, long overhairs with or without a flat­ reproductive tract typically with the full tened cross-section and concave trough on complement
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