Liberty for 2005
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4 1 e.--.. „ Mutual Back-Scratching ----7--. --&------- 6 Never Hostile to Religion '1/4, t - Neutrality, Not Hostility 12 he Enlightened Persecutor 16 A Pictou Is Worth Religious Words 24 A Magazine of Religious Freedom See pages 2 and 3o Vol. 100, No. 4 July/August 2005 1111111 1111111 1111111 ,111 1111111 1111111 1111111 III 1111111 1111111 1111111 'II 1111111 1111111 1111111 1111111 I ■ II 111 1 illirft.. Some people think that it is perfectly proper and wise to have the state support and propagate religion, if it is a good religion. But we believe that if it is a good religion, it is capable of propagating HE STATE PROPAGATE By CLAREMONT LOVINGTON itself and needs no support from the state. If it is a bad religion, all but its adherents will admit that the state should not propa- gate or support it. A religion that is not capable of propagating and supporting itself on its own merits, and that has to appeal to the state for help, is a bad religion. 0 Some very loose thinking is being done by many good people upon this subject. Some people think that everything that is "good" and "pure" should be supported and propagated by the civil gov- ernment, and everything that is not "good" and not "pure" should be legislated against by the state. They fail to draw any distinction between things which are "civil" or "secu- lar" and things that are "religious" or "spiritual:' As a consequence, their thinking is muddled and confused. Reprinted from LIBERTY Magazine, Volume 37, Number 3, 1942. COVER PHOTO BY © CORBIS ILLUSTRATION 0 GARY ALPHONSO/www.12rart.com LIBERTY JULY/AUGUST 2005 3 Example of Confused Reasoning teachings of Christ and true Christianity, and consigned We shall give a concrete example of this kind of con- the teachings of the other to the lower regions. fused reasoning. Not long ago the hierarchy of a certain church that had gained the ear of the state and influenced Liberty Impossible in its functions reasoned as follows: "The state does not hesi- Church-and-State Regime tate to pass pure-food laws and to adopt other measures There are two things that contribute to such an embarrass- which safeguard the public health and the physical well- ing situation. They are the doctrines of authoritarianism and being of its citizens. The man who peddles poisonous totalitarianism. An authoritarian church and a totalitar- foods and drinks is dealt with severely by the law. But ian state always produce the above results. A church or a the health of the soul," said the hierarchy of this church, state that believes that it rules by divine right also believes "is paramount to the health of the body; therefore the Li i that it has a right to rule in all things both temporal man who propagates erroneous doctrines commits obil"'" and spiritual. Such a doctrine always leads to a union a far worse offense, because he brings eternal Ilin of church and state and the persecution of all ruin and disaster to the soul." dissenters and nonconformists to state The hierarchy further argued religion. Religious liberty is utterly ,A 111114 IIIIILL iIIPJ that "unsound and corrupt spir- impossible under a church-and- itual food constitutes a far state regime. The failure to greater menace and dan- draw a line of demarcation ger to society than adul- between civil and religious terated and pernicious matters, and between drink and food mate- No country or government that has secular and spiritual rial." Then going a step functions, is the root further, the hierarchy cause of all religious of this church argued attempted to SUPPORT and PROPAGATE religion persecution. that "that state not The United States only ought to pro- in the past has succeeded in being of America has set hibit the propagation an example to all the of all unchristian and world and has dem- anti-Christian teach- tolerant and charitable toward any other onstrated to all the ings condemned by world that the affairs the church, but ought of the state and the con- to provide good spiritual religion than the state religion cerns of religion prosper food for all the people by far more and produce more making Christianity a part benevolent results when both of the public education system, that it fostered. are separated and each acts teaching the gospel in the state independently in its own sphere, schools as approved and interpreted than when they are united and one by the state church." dominates the other. Such logic may seem sound to a church hier- The state has a right to regulate pure-food laws archy that has succeeded in obtaining a predominant because the state is ordained to defend and protect the control over a state, so far as its own peculiar doctrines bodies of human beings, whereas the church is ordained and interests are concerned; but let us suppose that a to work for the souls of human beings. The state has no dissenting minority group should grow so rapidly as to authority over the souls or spiritual destiny of its citizens, gain the ascendancy and control over the state. Would the but over their bodies only. The body is dependent for its allegedly and assumed orthodox state church still hold well-being upon physical food, and the soul of humans is that the newly acquired state church should control the nourished with spiritual food. Since the church is commis- state in matters affecting the prohibition of the doctrines sioned to feed Christ's sheep, it is the duty of the church that the new church-and-state regime might declare as to hand spiritual food to the people. This commission was "unchristian and anti-Christian"? never delivered by Christ to Caesar or the state, but it was Just such strange things have happened when civil expressly given to His disciples—the church. Those who governments were in turn administered by Catholic and claim that the state, as well as the church, is to feed the flock then by Protestant regimes. Each acknowledges the other of God spiritual food resort to fallacious arguments that as heterodox and itself as orthodox. Each suffered perse- have never yet produced practical results. Their reasoning cution at the hands of the other when clothed with civil is not only unsound, but selfish, arrogant, and intolerant in authority. Each claimed that its own teachings were the spirit as well as in practice. 4 LIBERTY JULY/AUGUST 2005 State Religion Fosters and aid in the enforcement of church dogmas and usages. Intolerance and Bigotry For centuries the Russian government had a state religion No country or government that has attempted to support and gave it very substantial financial support in the building and propagate religion in the past has succeeded in being tol- of its churches, cathedrals, and schools, paying the salaries of erant and charitable toward any other religion than the state the clergy and religious teachers in religious schools. In fact, religion that it fostered. In every age and in every country a the state church enjoyed not only copious financial support, union of church and state has led to baneful consequences, and but legal sanction and enforcement of her church dogmas, history makes no exception. Whenever civil force is employed and at times the head of the state church was the dominating in the interests of religion, bigotry is unceasingly vigilant in its factor not only in the church but in state affairs. stratagems and connivances to secure for the state religion an Religious oppression was rampant in the land of Russia, exclusive ascendancy and dominance over the human mind and dissenters and nonconformists could not call their souls and religious practices. The spirit of intolerance in religious their own. The dungeon and exile were the rewards for free leaders under a church-and-state union is ever ready to arm expression of religious opinions. Religious oppression and itself with all the instruments of terror of which the civil hardships breed contempt even among the adherents of a power is capable, to exterminate those who doubt its dogmas state religion, and it fosters and foments hatred, especially or resist the acceptance of its infallible pronouncements. among those who are unbelievers in religion. For many cen- It makes little difference by what name a state religion turies the state church was able to suppress all opposition and operates; whether Catholic or Protestant, its means and maintain its control over state affairs as well as religious con- methods of operation are the same. The Catholics and cerns, so as to prevent any evil consequences to the church Protestants have alternately waged the most ferocious and interests. But a day of reckoning finally arrived, as it does in unrelenting warfare on each other, whenever they were in all countries where state churchism rules with an iron hand. the ascendancy and were armed with civil power. There is no The people bear up under oppression and restraint for a need for the pot to call the kettle black when both are equally long time, but when it becomes unbearable, then the people smeared. revolt, and woe to the oppressors. We Protestants who have erred along these lines in the When the Russian revolt occurred, it turned its wrath upon past are willing to confess our faults and acknowledge our its oppressors, and the heads of the church and the state both mistakes. The Protestants of Geneva, Switzerland, erected a had to make a hasty exit, and those who failed to make the monument to Servetus, whom Calvin burned at the stake exit out of the country paid dearly for their failure.