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Washington and Lee Journal of Energy, Climate, and the Environment WASHINGTON AND LEE JOURNAL OF ENERGY, CLIMATE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT Volume 5, Issue 1 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF KAtriel StAtmAn EXECUTIVE EDITOR MANAGING EDITOR CAtherine E. ThomAs W. G. Beecher EXECUTIVE DEVELOPMENT EDITOR VirginiA D. LAne SENIOR ARTICLES EDITORS NOTES EDITORS StephAnie N. Bollheimer TECHNOLOGY EDITOR RAndAll W. Miller Mitchell L. DAvis Christopher J. McDonAld Amy T. Johnson LEAD ARTICLES EDITORS MAggie B. Burrus Gregory A. ChAkmAkAs Justin S. FeinmAn MANAGING EVENTS EDITOR KAtherine M. ColemAn Washington and Lee University KENNETH P. RUSCIO, B.A., M.P.A., Ph.D. President of the University Deans NORA V. DEMLEITNER, B.A., J.D., LL.M. Dean and Roy L. Steinheimer, Jr. Professor of Law SAMUEL W. CALHOUN, B.A., J.D. Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, Professor of Law A. BENJAMIN SPENCER, B.A., M.SC., J.D. Associate Dean for Research, Professor of Law and Director, Frances Lewis Law Center JOHN G. KEYSER, B.S., M.S. Associate Dean for Administration and Technology, Lecturer in Social Sciences and Law MARY ZANOLLI NATKIN, B.A., J.D. Assistant Dean for Clinical Education and Public Service, Clinical Professor of Law SHAWN D. MCSHAY, B.S., M.B.A. Assistant Dean for Admissions STEPHEN TWITTY, B.A., J.D. Assistant Dean for Student Affairs Emeritus Faculty DENIS J. BRION, B.S., J.D. Professor of Law, Emeritus EDWARD O. HENNEMAN, B.A., J.D. Associate Professor of Law, Emeritus FREDERIC L. KIRGIS, B.A., J.D. Law Alumni Association Professor of Law, Emeritus LEWIS H. LARUE, A.B., LL.B. Class of 1958 Law Alumni Professor of Law, Emeritus ANDREW W. MCTHENIA, JR., A.B., M.A., LL.B. James P. Morefield Professor of Law, Emeritus JAMES M. PHEMISTER, B.S., J.D. Professor of Law, Emeritus ROY L. STEINHEIMER, JR., A.B., J.D. Robert E.R. Huntley Professor of Law, Emeritus Permanent Faculty DAVID BALUARTE, B.A., J.D. Assistant Clinical Professor of Law and Director, Immigrant Rights Clinic C. ELIZABETH BELMONT, B.A., J.D. Director, Community Legal Practice Center and Associate Clinical Professor of Law JOHANNA E. BOND, B.A., J.D., LL.M. Professor of Law DAVID I. BRUCK, B.A., J.D. Clinical Professor of Law and Director, Virginia Capital Case Clearinghouse CHRISTOPHER M. BRUNER, A.B., M.PHIL., J.D. Professor of Law ROBERT T. DANFORTH, B.A., J.D. Professor of Law MARK A. DRUMBL, B.A., M.A., J.D., LL.M., J.S.D. Class of 1975 Alumni Professor of Law and Director, Transnational Law Institute MICHELLE L. DRUMBL, B.A., J.D., LL.M. Associate Clinical Professor of Law and Director, Tax Clinic JOSHUA A.T. FAIRFIELD, B.A., J.D. Professor of Law JILL M. FRALEY, B.A., J.D., LL.M., J.S.D. Assistant Professor of Law SUSAN D. FRANCK, A.A., B.A., J.D., LL.M. Professor of Law MARK H. GRUNEWALD, B.A., J.D. James P. Morefield Professor of Law BRANT J. HELLWIG, B.S., J.D., LL.M. Professor of Law MARGARET HOWARD, A.B., J.D., M.S.W., LL.M. Law Alumni Association Professor of Law MARGARET HU, B.A., J.D. Assistant Professor of Law LYMAN P.Q. JOHNSON, B.A., J.D. Robert O. Bentley Professor of Law TIMOTHY S. JOST, B.A., J.D. Robert L. Willett Family Professor of Law JOHN D. KING, B.A., J.D., LL.M. Associate Clinical Professor of Law and Director, Criminal Justice Clinic ERIK LUNA, B.S., J.D. Sydney and Frances Lewis Professor of Law TIMOTHY C. MACDONNELL, B.A., J.D., LL.M., LL.M. Associate Clinical Professor of Law and Director, Black Lung Clinic ANN MACLEAN MASSIE, B.A., M.A., J.D. Professor of Law RUSSELL A. MILLER, B.A., J.D., M.A., LL.M. Professor of Law DAVID MILLON, B.A., M.A., PH.D., J.D. J.B. Stombock Professor of Law JAMES E. MOLITERNO, B.S., J.D. Vincent Bradford Professor of Law BRIAN C. MURCHISON, B.A., J.D. Charles S. Rowe Professor of Law DOUG RENDLEMAN, B.A., M.A., J.D., LL.M. Robert E.R. Huntley Professor of Law CHRISTOPHER B. SEAMAN, B.A., J.D. Assistant Professor of Law VICTORIA A. SHANNON, B.A., J.D. Assistant Professor of Law JOAN M. SHAUGHNESSY, B.A., J.D. Roger D. Groot Professor of Law KISH VINAYAGAMOORTHY, B.A., M.PHIL., J.D., LL.M. Assistant Professor of Law SARAH K. WIANT, B.A., M.L.S., J.D. Professor of Law Visiting Faculty MICHAL BUCHHANDLER-RAPHAEL, LL.B., LL.M., S.J.D. Visiting Assistant Professor of Law ALBERT V. CARR, B.A., J.D. Visiting Professor of Law KEVIN L. COPE, B.A., J.D., LL.M. Visiting Assistant Professor of Law DAVID EGGERT, B.A., J.D. Visiting Professor of Law JEFFREY KAHN, B.A., M.PHIL., D.PHIL., J.D. Visiting Professor of Law JUSTICE DONALD W. LEMONS, B.A., J.D. Distinguished Professor of Judicial Studies TODD C. PEPPERS, B.A., J.D., PH.D. Visiting Professor of Law JONATHAN SHAPIRO, B.A., J.D. Visiting Professor of Law CHRISTOPHER J. WHELAN, LL.B., M.A., PH.D. Visiting Professor of Law Adjunct & Extended Faculty JONATHAN M. APGAR, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law HARLAN RAY BECKLEY, B.S., M.DIV., M.A., PH.D. Emeritus Adjunct Professor of Law NEIL V. BIRKHOFF, B.A., J.D., LL.M. Adjunct Professor of Law BRYAN A. BONNER, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law ELIZABETH BURGIN WALLER, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law MICHELE K. BURKE, B.S., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law R. EDWIN BURNETTE, JR., B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law JUDY CLARKE, B.A., J.D. Professor of Practice JOHN H. CRADDOCK, JR., B.S.E., J.D., LL.M. Adjunct Professor of Law DAVID DEJONG, B.A., J.D., LL.M. Adjunct Professor of Law DANIEL EVANS, B.A. B.S., J.D. Professor of Practice KELLY L. FAGLIONI, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law ANDREW FOX, B.A., M.S., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law TAMMI HELLWIG, B.A., J.D. Oliver Hill Fellow (Adjunct) JERALD HESS, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law JAMES W. JENNINGS, JR., B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law TOYJA KELLEY, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law CHARLES T. KOTUBY, B.A., J.D., LL.M. Adjunct Professor of Law REX LAMB, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law GARREN LAYMON, B.S., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law MATTHEW LIGHT, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law TIMOTHY LUBIN, B.A., M.T.S., PH.D. Adjunct Professor of Law JAMES E. MAHON, B.A., M. PHIL., PH.D. Adjunct Professor of Law JOHN LAWRENCE MANNING, B.S., LL.B. (J.D.) Adjunct Professor of Law HARDIN MARION, B.A., LL.B. Adjunct Professor of Law CATHERINE MCKNIGHT, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law MICHAEL J. MICHAELES, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law JOHN J. MILES, B.S., M.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law PHYLISSA D. MITCHELL, B.A., J.D. Visiting Assistant Professor FRANK W. MORRISON, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law LAWRENCE LLOYD MUIR, JR., B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law STEPHEN WILLS MURPHY, B.A., M.PHIL., PH.D., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law CAROLINE OSBORNE, B.A., J.D., LL.M., M.S.L.S. Director of the Law Library, and Professor of Legal Research JAMES H. PANNABECKER, B.A., J.D., M.R.P. Adjunct Professor of Law TATJANA PAPI J.D., LL.M., PH.D. Adjunct Professor of Law HOWARD PICKETT M.A., PH.D. Adjunct Instructor of Shepard Poverty THOMAS H. SPEEDY RICE, B.A., J.D. Professor of Practice, Transnational Law Institute ANTHONY H. RICKERT, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law HADLEY P. ROELTGEN, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law TIM RUEBKE, B.S., M.A. Adjunct Professor of Law CHRISTOPHER B. RUSSELL, A.B., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law GILBERT E. SCHILL, JR., B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law JAMES S. SEEVERS, JR., B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law GUY BRYAN SEREFF, II, B.S., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law LUKE A. SOBOTA, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law GREGORY N. STILLMAN, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law ADAM ROBERT TRUSNER, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law WILSON F. VELLINES, JR., B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law DANIEL J. VICTOR, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law WILLIAM P. WALLACE, JR., B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law JENNIFER WALRATH, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law MARK ALLAN WILLIAMS, B.A., J.D., M.B.A. Adjunct Professor of Law R. CRAIG WOOD, B.A., M.ED., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law ROBERT C. WOOD, III, B.A., LL.B. Adjunct Professor of Law HENRY L. WOODWARD, A.B., LL.B. Adjunct Professor of Law CHARLES L. WOODY, B.A., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law CLARK H. WORTHY, B.S., J.D. Adjunct Professor of Law JULIE YOUNGMAN, B.S., J.D., M.A. Adjunct Professor of Law The Washington and Lee Journal of Energy, Climate, and the Environment sponsors an annual symposium examining prospects for change in an important area of the law dealing with energy, climate, or the environment. Previous Major Symposia Uranium Mining in Virginia (2013) (November 1, 2013) The “All of the Above” Strategy: Evaluating (2013) the Obama Administration and the Future of Federal Law and PoliCy on Energy and Climate Change (February 1, 2013) ReClaiming Environmental Federalism (2012) (February 17, 2012) Regulating ResourCe ExtraCtion: Creating (2011) Order in a Legal Morass (February 18, 2011) The InterseCtion of Renewable Energy (2010) Development and Geoengineering (March 19, 2010) For information about the upcoming symposium, please contact: Washington and Lee Journal of Energy, Climate, and the Environment, Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington, Virginia 24450-0303; [email protected].
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