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Descriptions of Common Historical Architectural Styles

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Descriptions of Common Historical Architectural Styles NEW HAMPSHIRE ARCHITECTURE: COMMON HISTORIC STYLES AND BUILDING TYPES GEORGIAN (1725-1790) Typical Character Defining Features: Balanced design with classical details Gable or gambrel roof Large, brick center chimney (though high style examples may have twin chimneys) Broad center entrance, often with transom light over doorway, sometimes with a double leaf door Small (12/12, 9/6, 6/9) sash; windows placed close to the eaves; often without blinds or shutters; heavily molded casings Clapboard siding Low granite foundations FEDERAL (1780-1840) Typical Character Defining Features : Balanced design with classical details, more delicate than Georgian High style (usually urban) often has three stories Low-profile gable or hipped roof, high style may have balustrade at roof edge Twin brick chimneys Elaborate center entrance often with fan light and side lights Palladian window, 6/6 sash windows Brick or clapboard exterior, sometimes just brick ends GREEK REVIVAL (1830-1870) Typical Character Defining Features : Heavy design with classical details; high style examples r are temple-like, with free-standing columns along facade Gable roof with cornice returns or full pediment Thin, spindly (stove) chimney Side hall entry, often with projecting portico or recessed entry with full- length side lights and transom at main entry 6/6 sash windows, often with shutters or blinds Heavy trim, wide corner boards sometimes with pilasters N.B.: Often used for churches. New Hampshire Preservation Alliance ~ www.nhpreservation.org 1 GOTHIC REVIVAL (1840-1880) Typical Character Defining Features : Asymmetrical design focused on ornament and verticality Steeply pitched roof and gables, sometimes with patterned shingling; decorated eaves, often with bargeboard or finials Decorative chimneys Airy porches around entrance Pointed arch windows, bay windows, window hoods Board-and-batten siding Deep verandas, bargeboard ITALIANATE (1840-1880) Typical Character Defining Features : High style examples include towers, cupolas, loggias and flat roofs Vernacular examples are typically gable front, sidehall, and on a narrow lot in urban areas Low hip, flat or gable roof with overhanging eaves Elaborate entrance with heavy hood and brackets 6/6 or 2/2 sash, round-headed windows, window hoods, bay windows Details include: paired brackets along cornices; square posts on porches; quoins and pilasters STICK STYLE (1860-1885) Typical Character Defining Features : Focus on use of ornamental and structural wood Steeply pitched gable or hip roof, often with gabled or shed roof dormers; polychromatic slate roof Vertical board or clapboard siding Decorative carpentry details such as applied trim boards, wooden screens in gable peaks, corner braces, exposed rafters FRENCH 2ND EMPIRE (1865-1880) Typical Character Defining Features : Sometimes distinguishable from Italianate only by the Mansard roof Heavy, ornate design with two or more stories; often with projecting bays Mansard roof, often with decorative patterned and/or polychromatic slate and dormers Decorative chimney/s Portico at entrance 2/2 sash windows Clapboard, brick or masonry exterior Details include: decorated cornices, quoins, brackets New Hampshire Preservation Alliance ~ www.nhpreservation.org 2 RICHARDSONIAN ROMANESQUE (1875-1900) Typical Character Defining Features : Asymmetrical design exclusively of masonry, often with a commanding, off-set or corner tower Hip or gable roof, with slate Heavy, round arches around entrances and windows Decorative use of masonry, including contrasting materials and rustication N.B.: Commonly used for civic and commercial buildings such as libraries, railroad stations and town halls. QUEEN ANNE (1880-1905 ) Typical Character Defining Features : Asymmetrical design and complex building forms that include turrets, dormers, projecting pediments, porches and bay windows Textured siding, often with patterned shingles, clapboard, and/or decorative brick Elaborate, tall, paneled chimneys Porches with turned woodwork and spindle screens Multi-pane upper sash, often with colored glass Details include: turned spindle posts, accent trim, gable screens, valences and balusters on porches, latticework, and paneled friezes SHINGLE STYLE (1885-1910) Typical Character Defining Features : Simplified Queen Anne design, with a more horizontal proportion Broad, shingled hip, gable or gambrel roof with shallow overhang Eyebrow, gable and shed roof dormers Massive chimneys Verandas set into the building, often wrapping around the building Casement or multi-pane sash windows Shingle siding, often stained or darkly painted Use of fieldstone around foundations, porch piers and chimney No corner trim or shutters Towers and projecting bays common N.B.: Commonly seen in stylish summer resort areas. New Hampshire Preservation Alliance ~ www.nhpreservation.org 3 NEO-CLASSICAL REVIVAL (1890-1935) Typical Character Defining Features : Symmetry, often temple-like Low roof; often with break for center block entrance surround Porticos, columns, pediments and arches at entrance Masonry exteriors, often patterned, sometimes with belt courses Classical details such as pediments, columns, pilasters, dentil molding or Acanthus leaves Italian Renaissance details such as quoins, belt courses, keystone arches, accent stonework, windows diminishing in scale on second stories N.B.: Commonly used for institutional buildings COLONIAL REVIVAL (1890-1940) Typical Character Defining Features : Recalls styles used in US in 18 th century Hip, gambrel or steeply pitched gable roofs; dormers; molding or entablatures below eaves Center entrance with fan light above and decorative surround Palladian windows Details include: elaborate casings, floral swags N.B.: Decorative features are larger in scale than those of a century before BUNGALOW / CRAFTSMAN (1905-1935) Typical Character Defining Features : Low profile, gabled structures with broad proportions emphasizing use of natural materials One to 2 story box-shaped form Gently pitched hip or gable roof, which sometimes extends to cover porch; shed roof or gabled dormers; deep eaves with boxed cornices or exposed rafters Brick or stone chimneys Enclosed, screened or open porch entrance Shingle siding Decorative stone or brick for foundations or porches Masonry or square wooden pillars on porch Plain, flat wood trim New Hampshire Preservation Alliance ~ www.nhpreservation.org 4 DUTCH COLONIAL (1900-1940) Typical Character Defining Features : Symmetrical design with gambrel roof the most prominent feature 1½ to 2½ stories Gambrel roof sometimes with flared eaves; shed roof or cross gambrel dormers End chimney on side gable examples Columns on porches and at entry Clapboard or shingle siding, sometimes mixed with brick ENGLISH COTTAGE AND TUDOR REVIVAL (1900-1940) Typical Character Defining Features : 1½ stories Steeply pitched gable or hip roof; cross gable is common; roof sometimes clad with tiles Massive chimney with flue pot (Tudor) Projecting gabled entrance Tall, narrow windows in bands; sash or casement; leaded glass Clapboard, stucco or brick siding Applied trim (half-timbering) on Tudor examples ART DECO (1920-1940) Typical Character-Defining Features: Simplified, low-relief, geometrical forms with streamlined details Flat roof Multi-pane stationary windows Exterior made of concrete, smooth-faced stone, and/or metal Trim in terra cotta, accent stone, glass, metal or colored mirrors Details use parallel straight lines, zigzags, chevrons, stylized floral motifs N.B.: Primarily used for commercial and civic buildings. New Hampshire Preservation Alliance ~ www.nhpreservation.org 5 .
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