GLANZ DES OSTENS – CHRISTLICHE KUNST AUS BULGARIEN Redaktion: Lyudmil Vagalinski, Nicolay Sharankov, Galina Grozdanova

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GLANZ DES OSTENS – CHRISTLICHE KUNST AUS BULGARIEN Redaktion: Lyudmil Vagalinski, Nicolay Sharankov, Galina Grozdanova GLANZ DES OSTENS – CHRISTLICHE KUNST AUS BULGARIEN Redaktion: Lyudmil Vagalinski, Nicolay Sharankov, Galina Grozdanova Die Ausstellung wurde vorbereitet von: Galina Grozdanova, Maria Reho, Bisera Tomova, Krasimira Karadimitrova, Slava Vasileva, Kamen Boyadzhiev und dem Laboratorium für Analyse, Konservierung und Restaurierung des NAIM – Petja Penkova, Reneta Karamanova-Zlateva, Zdravka Sabotinova, Мit der Unterstützung von: NATIONALES ARCHÄOLOGISCHES MUSEUM Margarita Vaklinova (NAIM-BAW), Violeta Nesheva (NAIM-BAW), KATALOGE, BAND III Konstantin Totev (NAIM-BAW), Alexander Minchev – AM Varna, Vladimir Petkov – AM Sandanski, Petja Kijashkina – Archäologisches Museum der Stadt Nessebar, Nadeshda Kirova – Museum für Geschichte der Stadt Sofia, GLANZ Nationales Historisches Museum Konslutation: Konstantin Totev DES OSTENS – Die Annotationen im Katalog sind ausgefertigt von: B.T. – Bisera Tomova Christliche Kunst aus Bulgarien G.G. – Galina Grozdanova I.J. – Ivan Jordanov K.V. – Katerina Venedikova K.K. – Krasimira Karadimitrova R.R. – Ralitsa Rousseva S.V. – Slava Vasileva Z.A. – Zhivko Aladzhov Konzept-Design und Layout: Kapka Kaneva Fotograf: Krasimir Georgiev, NAIM-BAW NAIM-BAW www.naim.bg Übersetzung: Elka Dragieva, Redaktion der deutschen Übersetzung: Wolfgang Huber, Mateusz Mayer Druck: Bulvest Print © 2016 NATIONALES ARCHÄOLOGISCHES INSTITUT MIT MUSEUM DER BULGARISCHEN AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN © 2016 STIFT KLOSTERNEUBURG NATIONALES ARCHÄOLOGISCHES INSTITUT MIT MUSEUM DER BULGARISCHEN AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN NATIONALES ARCHÄOLOGISCHES MUSEUM KATALOGE, BAND III НАЦИОНАЛЕН АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИ МУЗЕЙ КАТАЛОЗИ, ТОМ III STIFT KLOSTERNEUBURG ISSN 2367-8860 ISBN 978-954-9472-43-1 Sofia 2016 INHALT Rosen Plevneliev Präsident Grußworte der Republik Bulgarien DAS CHRISTENTUM IN DEN BULGARISCHEN LÄNDЕRN IN DER SPÄTANTIKE G. Grozdanova | 15 DIE KIRCHE DER „HL. SOPHIA“ IN SOFIA Verehrte Damen und Herren, J. Valeva | 31 Als Präsident Bulgariens – eines der ältesten europäischen Länder – bin ich stolz und erfreut, dass die Ausstellung „Glanz des Ostens – Christliche Kunst PLISKA – DAS CHRISTLICHE ZENTRUM BULGARIENS aus Bulgarien“ Sie mit einem kleinen, jedoch herrlichen Teil der reichen kul- IM 9. JAHRHUNDERT turellen Vergangenhit meines Volkes vertraut machen wird. P. Georgiev | 47 Mit beeindruckender Präzision und Pro fes si o na li tät haben es die Kura- toren der Ausstellung des Museums am Nationalen Archäologischen Institut VELIKI PRESLAV – DIE HERRLICHE, DURCH DIE GOTTESMUTTER der Bulgarischen Akademie der Wissenschaften vermocht, uns in die Zeit des BESCHÜTZTE HAUPTSTADT BULGARIENS (893-971) bulgarischen Mittelalters zu versetzen. Die Exposition lässt uns die Schritte des M. Vaklinova | 63 heiligen Apostels Andreas verfolgen, der als erster das Wort Jesu Christi in un- seren Landen verbreitet hat. Vorgestellt werden die erlesensten Beispiele bul- DIE HAUPTSTADT TARNOVO IN DER CHRISTLICHEN KULTUR DES BALKANS garischer Kirchenkunst des 9. bis 14. Jahrhunderts; am Ende werden wir dazu K. Totev | 79 eingeladen, in die Welt der bulgarischen Renaissance einzutauchen. Die Ausstellung „Glanz des Ostens“ stellt auf überzeugende Weise den DIE CHRISTLICHE KUNST IN BULGARIEN WÄHREND Beitrag Bulgariens für das Weltkulturerbe vor. Ich bin davon überzeugt, dass DER OSMANISCHEN EPOCHE IM 15. - 18. JAHRHUNDERT die Kunst die universellste Sprache ist, auf der die Menschen verschiedener B. Tomova | 98 Länder der Welt nicht nur kommunizieren, sondern auch gemeinsam eine Bot- schaft der Verständigung und Toleranz richten können. Ich glaube, dass sie uns Annotationen | 113 auf der Suche nach geistigem Aufschwung erneut einander näher bringen wird. Ich danke dem Bundesland Niederösterreich und dem Stift Klosterneu- Bibliographie | 185 burg für die Aufmerksamkeit, das Interesse und die Gastfreundschaft, mit de- nen sie die bulgarische mittelalterliche Kunst in Empfang genommen haben! Ich wünsche allen Ausstellungsbesuchern unvergessliche Augenblicke und wunderbare Eindrücke bei der Betrachtung der Exponate! Ich hoÀe, dass die- se Ausstellung viele von Ihnen dazu anregen wird, Bulgarien zu besuchen und aus nächster Nähe seine Geschichte und Traditionen kennenzulernen. dem Pariser Louvre – und damit eine wunderschöne Brücke über mehr als 1.600 Jahre und 1.200 Kilometer schlägt. Und welcher Ort wäre dafür besser geeignet als Stift Klosterneuburg, dieses für Niederösterreich vor allem als Grabstätte des Heiligen Leopold und weit über die Grenzen unseres Landes hinaus ausstrahlendes, weltof- fenes, im Glauben gegründetes Haus Gottes bedeutsame spirituelle Zen- trum im Sinne der christlichen Grundwerte von Toleranz und Nächstenli- ebe, das seit den 1990er-Jahren insbesondere mit östlichen Donauanrain- er-Staaten nicht nur kulturelle Zussamenarbeit, sondern auch humanitäres Dr. Erwin Engagement verbindet? Pröll Ich bin überzeugt, der „Glanz des Ostens“ wird hier im Stift Klostern- euburg ganz besonders hell strahlen, wünsche der Ausstellung viel Erfolg und Landeshauptmann allen Besucherinnen und Besuchern eine ebenso erleblisreiche wie anregende von Niederösterreich und vom Geist des Dialoges durchdrungene Begegnung mit den nationalen Schätzen Bulgariens. Dialog und Begegnung mit den Schätzen Bulgariens Kunst und Kultur bietet nicht nur Gelegenheit zu inspirierenden Begegnun- gen, sondern auch die Möglichkeit, Gesselschaft und Geschichte diÀeren- zierter zu betrachten und mit unserer Identität in Beziehung zu setzen. Vor diesem Hintergrund bin ich als Landeshauptmann von Niederösterreich sehr froh darüber, dass Kunst und Kultur bei uns zu fixen Werten geworden sind, die unser Land und seine Menschen charakterisieren und repräsentieren, und sich Niederösterreich damit auf Augenhöhe mit den führenden Kulturre- gionen des Kontinents befindet. Das bedeutet aber auch die Verpflichtung, diese Position in den Dienst eines Dialoges der nachbarschaftlichen Verständigung zu stellen: Unter dem Aspekt eines Zusammenwachsens des alten und des neuen Europa, einer sensiblen und vermünftigen Nachbarschaftspolitik sowie eines fruchtbrin- genden Austausches zwischen den europäischen Regionen müssen wir die Chance nutzen, auch mit kulturellen Mitteln an einem gemeinsamen Europa des friedlichen Miteinander weiterzubauen. Ganz im diesem Sinne ist auch die Ausstellung „Glanz des Ostens“ im Stift Klosterneuburg zu sehen, welche die schönsten Exponate früher christlicher Kunst aus dem Nationalen Archäologischen Museum Sofia präsentiert – zum überhaupt erst zweiten Mal außerhalb Bulgariens nach Dr. Günter Prof. Elisabeth Geyer Seit über zwanzig Jahren steht das Stift Klosterneuburg in regem kultu- Stadler Liebe Kulturfreunde, rellem Austausch mit Ländern in Osteuropa. Ein Höhepunkt dieser Partner- der Titel der Ausstellung „Glanz des Ostens“ entspricht der strategischen Vorstandsvorsitzender schaft gipfelt in der aktuellen Ausstellung, die uns auf eine Reise nach Bulga- Vorstandsvorsitzende Ausrichtung unseres Konzerns, der Vienna Insurance Group. Als eine der des Wiener Städtischen rien entführt und die bemerkenswerten Schätze und Kulturgüter des Natio- Vienna Insurance Group ersten österreichischen Versicherungen haben wir bereits 1990 den Schritt Versicherungsvereins nalmuseums in Sofia zeigt. Erst zum zweiten Mal in seiner Geschichte verlässt nach Osteuropa gewagt und in der damaligen Tschechoslowakei unsere erste Bulgariens nationaler Kunstschatz das Land, ein starkes Zeugnis der innigen Auslandsgesellschaft eröÀnet. Es folgte die erfolgreiche Expansion in Zen- Verbindung zwischen dem Stift Klosterneuburg und der Republik am Balkan. tral- und Osteuropa die uns 2002 auch erstmals nach Bulgarien führte. Die Eine enge Verbindung existiert auch zwischen dem Wiener Städtischen besondere Bedeutung unseres wirtschaftlichen Engagements in Zentral- und Versicherungsverein und dem Stift Klosterneuburg. Unsere Beziehungen zur Osteuropa verdeutlichen unsere Kennzahlen. Die Vienna Insurance Group ist Kirche sind so alt, wie der Wiener Städtische Versicherungsverein selbst. An heute mit rund 23.000 Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern und über 50 Ge- der Gründung des Wiener Städtischen Versicherungsvereins im Jahre 1824 wa- sellschaften in 25 Ländern aktiv tätig. Der mehrheitliche Anteil des Geschäfts ren zahlreiche kirchliche Institutionen und klerikale Vertreter, darunter auch kommt aus unseren Auslandsmärkten. Bulgarien zählt zu unseren Kernmärk- das Stift Klosterneuburg, beteiligt. ten. Wir gehören in Bulgarien mittlerweile zu den Top 3 Versicherungen und Neben dieser gemeinsamen Historie können wir in unserer langjährigen haben zu Beginn 2016 unsere Präsenz in Bulgarien durch den weiteren Erwerb Verbundenheit auf zahlreiche Berührungspunkte verweisen. Als Hauptaktio- einer Gesellschaft verstärkt. när der Vienna Insurance Group (VIG) unterstützt der Wiener Städtische Ver- Es freut uns daher zweifach, dass wir die Ausstellung über christliche sicherungsverein kulturelle Initiativen und soziale Projekte in jenen Ländern Kunst aus Bulgarien, mit historisch so wertvollen und einzigartigen Ikonen, Zentral- und Osteuropas, in denen die VIG tätig ist. Die VIG expandierte, als unterstützen. Zum einen, weil Bulgarien zu unserem Kernmarkt mit beson- eines der ersten Versicherungsunternehmen Westeuropas, nach Zentral- und derem wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Interesse zählt. Zum anderen, Osteuropa und ist in Bulgarien seit 2002 mit zwei Gesellschaften vertreten. weil wir mit dem Stift Klosterneuburg eine über 190jährige enge Verbunden- In unserer Funktion als Hauptaktionär fördern wir zahlreiche
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