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Home , Ashkan Dejagah, Carlos Queiroz, Daniel Davari, Faruj County, Iranian Azerbaijanis, Jameh Mosque of Zanjan

Documentary Works www.Mahan.aero

Proprietor : Mahan Air Co. Under the Supervision of Editorial Board and Policy Council Central Office: 4th Floor, Mahan Air Tower, Azadegan St., High-way, , P.O.Box: 14515411 Tel: 021-48381752 www.mahan.aero Telegram.me/mahanairchannel Instagram.com/fly_mahanair Advertisement: Mahan Inflight Magazine Didehban Press Group Maral Sharif Tel: (+9821( 88 65 94 35 Fax: (+9821( 88 65 93 82 [email protected]

16 Touring Iran 28 Around 32 Movies 34 Sports 38 Health & Science

14 August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Editorial www.Mahan.aero

In the name of God Welcome on board. It is a great pleasure having you experience our services today. Mahan Air introduced to aviation industry in 1992 and we are extremely so proud of steadily growing our presence and services over the past 25 years and look forward to exciting years ahead to continue invest in new aircrafts and new routes with specific focus on offering the highest standards of service and hospitality in the global airline industry competition. We consider Mahan Air contribution to the border community across Iran and other places in the world where we are well positioned to make a real difference with providing frequent flight of approximately 5.6 million passengers per year. Today, Mahan Air operates a fleet of more than 60 new Airbus and Boeing aircrafts from Tehran hub to more than 54 routes inside Iran and 53 routes internationally across , Asia, Middle East, Far East and CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States). To join Mahan Air Frequent Flyer program, a loyalty program offered to our customers to enjoy a range of exclusive privileges and courtesy services (including: lounge access, check-in priority, increased baggage allowance, guaranteed award seats and more) kindly collect the application forms available at Mahan Air check-in counter or even on-board during your flight and immediately start collecting miles with the temporary card and take the advantages. For more information, Please visit (www.mahan.aero) to learn about the card benefits and services. In addition to facilitate the check in process, Mahan air has provided web check in (online check- in) in most of domestic airports. This service will be operational 48-90 hours before flight Following of increasing and expanding the flight route network, we as Mahan air, established new direct international routes to Barcelona, Spain in June 2017. We are continually striving to provide high quality service to every one of our valued passengers. Hearing your ideas and feedback on what we do well and where we need to improve is fundamental to this. You can provide your feedback – good or bad – quickly and easily through the “Feedback Form” on board. The crew will be handing out these forms, during your flight. We would like to thank you over and over for your continued support of Mahan and our services. Please sit back and enjoy our renowned Persian hospitality. Our crew is friendly, professional & trained and shares a passion for ensuring your journey is as comfortable as possible. Thank you once again for choosing to fly Mahan Air.

August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 15 HORSE, LIFE, LOVE The name Khorasan is a Persian word and means ‘where the sun arises from’. The name was given to the eastern province of Iran during the Sassanid Empire. With an area of 28,179 km2 and a population of about 870,000 the province of North Khorasan is located in the northeast of Iran and shares 220 km border with . Kopet-Dagh Mountain ranges on the north forms the frontier with Turkmenistan. is the center of the province and other townships are , , , Mane-o-Samalqan, Shirvan and Farouj. Province’s main rivers are the Atrak and Kal-e Shur Rivers to the north and south of the province respectively. The Atrak River begins in the mountains around Shirvan and Quchan, and flows 563 km (350 miles) westward draining into the southeastern corner of the Caspian Sea. The Atrak River irrigates many lands in the Artak Valley in Farouj, Shirvan, Bojnord and Mane- o-Samalghan townships. Kal-e Shur system originates from east of Esfarayen and flows westward and from the south of Jajarm turns toward south and pours into marshlands of Dasht-e Kavir or the great Central Desert. The unique geographical setting of the province with majestic mountains and beautiful rivers has created astonishing and attractive landscapes with rich flora and fauna. More than 200 plant species are known and different herbal types are growing in the foothills. North Khorasan hosts many ancient historical sites and natural attractions. However, historical and natural sites are not the sole attractions of North Khorasan. The province has embraced people from various ethnic groups including Turks, Arabs, , Baluch and Fars people whose special traditions and customs are considered the basis of local . Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero

History Greater Khorasan has witnessed the rise and fall four parts of the province. of many dynasties and governments in its territory Khorasan was divided into four parts during the throughout history. Various tribes of the Arabs, Turks, Muslim era, each section being named after the four , Mongols, Turkmens and Afghans brought largest cities, , , , and Balkh. changes to the region time and time again. From 651, the territory remained in the hands of the Ancient geographers of Iran divided Iran (“Iran-Shahr”) Abbasid clan until 820, followed by the rule of the Iranian into eight segments of which the most flourishing and Taherid clan in the year 896, and the Samanids in 900. largest was the territory of Greater Khorasan. Mahmud of Ghazni conquered Khorasan in 994 and in Esfarayen, among other cities of the province, was one the year 1037 Tuğrul Beg, the first of the Seljuq empire of the focal points for residence of the tribes rulers conquered Nishapur. after entering Iran. Mahmud Qaznavi retaliated against the invaders The was based near Merv in Khorasan several times, and finally the Qaznavi Turks defeated for many years. In Parthians times, Esfarayen was one Sultan Sanjar. But there was more to come, as in 1157 of the important villages of Nishapur. Khorasan was conquered by the Khwarazmids. In During the Sassanid era the province was governed by 1220, it was annexed by the Mongols of ‎ a Sepahbod (Lieutenant General) called “Padoosban” ‎Genghis Khan. When in 1226 the great conqueror and four margraves, each commander of one of the finally died, Khorasan was inherited by his son Tolui,

18 July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero

and then by the son of this, named Hulegu, the first western section remained part of Iran. of the Mongolic of Persia. Khorasan was the largest province of Iran until it was In the 14th century, a flag of independence was divided into three provinces on September 29, 2004. hoisted by Sarbedaran Movement in Sabzevar, and in The provinces approved by the parliament of Iran (on 1368, Khorasan came into the hands of Tamerlane. May 18 , 2004) and the Council of Guardians (on May 29, In 1507, Khorasan was occupied by Uzbek tribes, and 2004), were Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan, and South after the death of Nader in 1747, it was occupied Khorasan. by the Afghans. The Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran lists 1,179 During the Qajar period, Britain supported the Afghans sites of historical and cultural significances in all three to protect their East India Company. Herat was thus Khorasan provinces. separated from Persia, and Nasser-al-Din Shah was The older Persian province of Khorasan included unable to defeat the British to take back Herat. Finally, parts which are today in Iran, , Tajikistan, the Treaty was concluded in 1903, and Iran was Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Some of the main compelled not to challenge the British for Herat and historical cities of Persia are located in the older other parts of what is today Afghanistan. Khorasan: Nishapur and Tus (now in Iran), Merv Finally Khorasan was divided into two parts: the and Sanjan (now in Turkmenistan), and eastern part, which was the most densely populated (now in Uzbekistan), Herat and Balkh (now in region, came under British occupation, and the other Afghanistan), Khujand and Panjakent (now in Tajikistan).

July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 19 Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero Bojnourd, The capital city of North Khorasan Province Bijan and Manijeh City Ferdowsi, the great epic poet, has referred to Bojnourd as the city of Bijan and Manijeh — two famous characters of Shahnameh, who fell in love after Bijan was rescued from a deep well by Manijeh.

Mofakham Mansion, Anthropology and Archeology Museum Mofkham Mansion is the largest The mansion consists of two large The building was given to Public and most significant architectural halls with numerous decorations Health Administration by Sardar monument of Qajar era in North including mirror, plaster and tile Mofkham’s heirs to be used as a Khorasan, which is located in the works. The tiles portray images hospital. northeast of Bojnord City. of humans, floras and faunas. A In August-September of 1991, the Along with other monuments statue of a human and an angel mansion was given to the then including Mirror House, Pavilion, with two wings are installed at the Cultural Heritage Organization of Springhouse, and portal, Mofkham entrance of the building. Part of the Bojnord. It became the Museum Mansion lied in a big garden in Qajar mansion has been converted into of Anthropology and Archeology of dynasty all of which constituted the largest anthropology museum Bojnord County after some slight Mofkham Government House. of North Khorasan, providing the repairs and modifications. Mofakham Mansion is one of visitors with the chance of getting Mofkham Mansion was registered in the most beautiful landscapes of acquainted with regional traditions the list of National Heritage site under Bojnourd. The mansion was built and handicrafts. the registration number 952. by Momtahen-ol-molk Shaqaqi, a university graduate from France during the Qajar era, known as Sardar Mofkham, in 1300s AH during Nassereddin Shah’s reign. It was where Sardar Mofkham and his family lived and hosted state guests and politicians.

20 August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero

Ayoub Peyghambar Hot Springs Baba Aman Promenade The spring water temperature is approximately 36 About 10 kilometers from Bojnourd, there is a forest centigrade degrees. The water of this spring forms a park named Baba Aman, which is a famous resort and pool with an area of 459 square meters and with a a place to rest for those traveling to . depth of approximately 5 meters. There are 400,000 ancient trees in the forest park. The Five meters away,there is a fresh and cold water spring park has also artificial spas and waterfalls, which have and its water enters this pool from its northern side enhanced its beauty. which the coolness of this water is clearly recognizable Baba Aman has been identified as one of the most in this part. beautiful forest parks in Iran. Locals believe that Prophet Jacob, in order to cure himself from vitiligo, knocked his staff on the ground causing a spring of hot water to erupt from the earth.

Besh Qardash Besh Qardash’s Gate and Pool is “Five Brothers” in the Khorasani Mufakham or Sahm al-Dowleh a monument and mineral spring Turkic language, a local language in Bojnordi) to construct a monument in Bojnord, North Khorasan the region. It refers to the mythic right next to the springs. Also a Province, Iran. The place is an history of the place. According crown shaped swimming pool was entertainment and historical to the myth, there had been five built after some time. tourism attraction and labeled as a brothers fighting against the then- national heritage by Iran's Cultural brutal government and when Heritage, Handcrafts and Tourism they harbored to a hillside, they Organization. disappeared and five water Besh Qardash is located along springs trilled. Bojnord-Esfarayen road, roughly 7 In the Qajar era, Naser al-Din kilometers from Bojnord. The place Shah passed the place in his is close to the well-known villages state visit and ordered Yar of Qeri Janlu, Mehnan, and Asadli. Mohammad Khan Shadlou The term “Besh Qardash” means (also known as Sardar

August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 21 Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero North Khorasan Cities' Attractions Maneh and Samalqan

Darkesh village Biar Waterfall Espakhoo Fire Temple Garmeh

Jalal al-din Castle Jalal al-din Castle Jalal al-din Castle Jajarm

Safavid Underground bath Love Robat Miandasht Protected Area

22 August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero

Raz and Jargalan

local clothes Spring Season Horse Riding Race Shirvan

Estarkhi Village Sharshar Waterfall Tymuri Chartaqi Faruj

Khosravieh Village Ostad Underground Bath Hamid Waterfall Esfarayen

Rueen Village Anoushirvan Cave Belgeis Castle

August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 23 Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero Zanjan

Zanjan is the capital of in northwestern Iran. It lies 298 km (185 mi) northwest of Tehran on the main highway to and Turkey, and approximately 125 km (78 mi) from the Caspian Sea. At the 2016 census, its population was more than 520,000 which is the 24 th largest city in Iran. The population of Zanjan consists mostly of Iranian who speak the Azeri language.

Handicrafts and souvenirs of Zanjan Zanjan is known for its beautiful handcrafts such as , traditional sandals, called charoogh, and malileh, a handcraft made with silver wires. Zanjani artists make many things like various decorative dishes as well as silver jewelry. Many villagers today are traditional carpet weavers, perhaps Zanjan’s most popular handcraft.

Tourist Attractions in Zanjan Province Jameh , Zanjan with four porches is one of the important and elegant in Zanjan. Jameh Mosque of Zanjan has been accompanied by a school built in the 13 A.H by one of the sons of Fathali Shah Qajar named Abdollah Mirza Dara. The mosque was registered in the list of Iran’s national monuments on Ordibehesht, 10, 1342 with registration number 1056.

24 August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Ala Daghlar Mahneshan Aladaglar is the local name of colorful mountains and hills located in and Zanjan.

Jinn Chimney, Mahneshan In different parts of Iran like Mahneshan County in Zanjan Province, there is a phenomenon named Doodkesh-e Jen which is considered as one of the tourist attractions of the area. Doodkesh-e Jen is located 20 kilometers from Mahneshan County and 120 kilometers from Zanjan. In geology, this natural phenomenon is called “Hoodoo”. In fact, it is a type of mushroom-like stone created as a result of erosion. It looks like a high thin minaret on which there is another stone.

Katale Khor Cave According to scientific theories and geological maps, is an aquatic-land cave in the heart of Saghizlu Mountainin Eligomusen limestone of the third period of tertiary geological period. It might be about 30 million years old but according to some, it is even more than 120 million years old. Being the habitat of early human, this cave has seven floors, three floors of which have been discovered and there are waterfalls on its different floors. The cressets in this cave are beautifully shaped and some of them are named after those shapes. This cave is connected to Ali Sadr Cave.

Anguran Protected Area This protected area, which looks like a rhinoceros, is a mountainous hilly area in Mahneshan County. There are three climatology in the area. Anguran Protected Area has been under protection since 1970.

July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 25 Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero Museum Saltmen is a name given to six mummified men discovered in Chehrabad mine, Zanjan Province, in the winter 1993. Among them, there are the bodies of a woman and a teenage boy. Some of the saltmen have been severely hurt as a result of mine working by bulldozer. In 2008, mine operation stopped and the body of the sixth saltman was left untouched in the mine due to lack of necessary equipment to maintain it. Among discovered men, three of them belong to Achaemenid era (about 400 BC) and two of them to late period of Sassanid empire (about 400 to 600 AD). Zolfaghari Mansion is a historical monument located in an old neighborhood called “Dalan-e Alti” in the northern side of Sabze Meydan and Jame Mosque in Zanjan. After the transfer of corpses found in Chehrabad salt mine, temporary museum of was created in 2007, and the first museum of archeology of Zanjan opened in Zolfaghari Mansion in 2009. This monument was registered in Iran’s National Heritage on March 15, 1997 under the registration Dome number 1852. Soltaniyeh is a city in and capital of Soltaniyeh District of County, Zanjan Province, Iran. Soltaniyeh, located some 240 kilometers (150 miles) to the north- west of Tehran, used to be the capital of the 14th century Mongol Ilkhanid rulers of Persia. Its name translates as “the Imperial”. In 2005, UNESCO listed Soltaniyeh as one of the World Heritage Sites. The , the world’s biggest dome made of bricks, is Oljaitu’s burial place. This outstanding mosque is world known for its architecture style and decorations. Soltaniyeh, Tomb has 8 minarets with a 120 meter blue dome. Some rooms and stall were constructed on the upper side of the building and were decorated with colorful stuccos and bricks. Some verses of Quran are written on arches and some marvelous carvings can be seen on the walls and the ceilings. As the style and decorations are totally different from the buildings of its own time, it brought about a new style of architecture to that era.

26 August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Touring Iran www.Mahan.aero Rakhtshooy Khaneh, Zanjan museum of anthropology

The property of Rakhtshooy Khaneh was bought in 1928 by the order of Ali Akbar Tofighi, mayor of Zanjan City. The reason for building Rakhtshooy Khaneh was to build a laundry house for women to have a comfortable and safe covered place to wash loads of clothes and other stuffs, so they could have a convenient and safe place rather than queuing up in the natural springs for washing laundry and dishes during cold winter and hot summer days. Tourism office of Zanjan named this building as anthropology museum of Zanjan. You can get an idea of the ladies' traditional outfits and jewelry by looking at mannequins of ladies with traditional outfits while they are doing laundry. Behestan Castle Mahneshan County, located in the west of Zanjan Province, is one of the most affluent and virgin districts of the province, and contains many historical and natural attractions such as a natural lake, several seasonal and perennial streams, towering mountains, gardens, and beautiful fields. There are 184 historical tourist attractions in Mahneshan County, some of which date back to Bronze Age, i.e. 5000 years ago. Behestan Castle or Kohan Dezh (old Stronghold) is located in Mahneshan County in Zanjan Province near Behestan Village next to Qizil Üzan River. It goes back to the and coincides with Achaemenid period. Behestan Castle has been registered in Iran’s National Heritage under the registration number 1458. Around the World www.Mahan.aero 7Greatest Waterfalls in the World A true spectacle, proof of nature’s forces and wonders of Mother Nature, a waterfall is one of the most amazing creations that nature has to offer. The splendid power of white water crashing over cliffs to the depths below has a mesmerizing effect on anyone who has witnessed the spectacle of some of the world’s biggest waterfalls. There are many beautiful waterfalls around the world, but this list consists the top 7 greatest and most amazing extraordinary waterfalls around the world.

1 - Iguazu Falls, Brazil and Argentina

Iguazu Falls was discovered by Spanish conquistador Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca in 1541. One of the great natural wonders of the world, Iguacu Falls is situated on the border between Brazil and Argentina. The waterfall system is not so much about height, width or volume, but it consists of 275 falls along the Iguazu River. The majority of the falls are about 64 meters (210 ft.) in height. The most impressive of them all is the Devil’s Throat a U-shaped, 82 meter high (269 ft.), 150 meter (492 ft.) wide and 700 meter (2300 ft.) long waterfall.

28 July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Around the World www.Mahan.aero

2. Victoria Falls, Zambia and Zimbabwe The Victoria Falls “The Smoke That Thunders” is a waterfall in southern Africa on the Zambezi River at the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe. Victoria Falls is often called the largest waterfall in the world, although it is neither the highest, nor the widest. It has a width of 1.7 kilometers (1 miles) and height of 108 meters (360 ft.), roughly twice the height of North America’s Niagara Falls. In combined height and width, Victoria Falls is rivaled only by South America’s Iguazu Falls.

3. Niagara Falls, USA & Canada One of the the most famous waterfalls in the world, Niagara Falls is the collective name for three waterfalls (the American Falls, Bridal Veil Falls and Horseshoe Falls) that straddle the international border between the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. state of New York. They form the southern end of the Niagara Gorge. Horseshoe Falls is located on the Canadian side while the other are located in New York. With more than 14 million visitors each year, it is one of the most visited tourist attraction in the world.

July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 29 Documentary Works www.Mahan.aero

4. The Angel Falls, Venezuela Angel Falls is the world’s highest uninterrupted waterfall, with a height of 979 m (3,212 ft.) and a plunge of 807 m (2,648 ft.). It is so high that the water actually atomizes, due to the force of the strong winds in the area, and simply disappears in a fine mist before it even reaches the ground. 5. Kaieteur Falls, Guyana Kaieteur Falls is a high-volume waterfall on the Potaro River in central Guyana, Potaro-Siparuni region. It is located in Kaieteur National Park and is one of the most powerful waterfalls in the world, averaging 663 cubic meters per second (23,400 cubic feet per second). With a free fall height of 226 meters (741 feet), it is about five times higher than Niagara Falls and about two times the height of the Victoria Falls. While there are many higher falls, few have the combination of height and water volume.

30 August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Documentary Works www.Mahan.aero

6. Vinnufossen, Norway Vinnufossen is the tallest waterfall in Europe and the sixth tallest in the world. The waterfall is located in Norway. The falls are part of the river Vinnu which flows down from the Vinnufjellet Mountain and it is fed from the Vinnufonna glacier. The falls flow into the river Driva near the village of Hoelsand. 7. Blue Nile Falls, Ethiopia The Blue Nile Falls is a waterfall on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia. It is known as Tis Abay in Amharic, meaning “smoking water”. It is situated on the upper course of the river, about 30 km downstream from the town of Bahir Dar and Lake Tana. Although much of the water is now diverted to a power dam, it is still a beautiful sight and one of Ethiopia’s best known tourist attractions.

July 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 31 Documentary Works www.Mahan.aero

In Theaters August 2018

The Meg The Bookshop Beautifully Broken

Cast: Jason Statham, Cast: Emily Mortimer, Cast: Scott William Winters, Li Bingbing, Rainn Wilson, Patricia Clarkson, Bill Nighy, Benjamin Onyango, Emily Hahn, Ruby Rose, Winston Chao Honor Kneafsey, James Lanc Eric Roberts, Jessica Obilom Director: Jon Turteltaub Director: Isabel Coixet Director: Eric Welch Genres: Adventure, sci-fi Genre: Drama Genres: Drama, True Story

A massive creature attacks a , 1959. Free-spirited widow A refugee’s escape, a prisoner’s deep-sea submersible, leaving it Florence Green risks everything to promise, and a daughter’s painful disabled and trapping the crew at open a bookshop in a conservative secret converge in this inspiring the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. East Anglian coastal town. While true story of hope. With time running out, rescue bringing about a surprising cultural As three fathers fight to save diver Jonas Taylor must save the awakening, she earns the polite their families, their lives become crew and the ocean itself from an but ruthless opposition of a local intertwined in an unlikely journey unimaginable threat - a 75-foot- grand dame and the support and across the globe, where they learn long prehistoric shark known as affection of a reclusive book loving the healing power of forgiveness the Megalodon. widower. and reconciliation.

32 August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Documentary Works www.Mahan.aero

BlacKkKlansman The Little Stranger Christopher Robin

Cast: John David Washington, Cast: Domhnall Gleeson, Cast: Ewan McGregor, Hayley (Denzel Washington’s son), Adam Ruth Wilson, Will Poulter, Atwell, Jim Cummings, Brad Driver, Laura Harrier, Topher Grace Charlotte Rampling, Kate Phillips Garrett, Sophie Okonedo Director: Spike Lee Director: Lenny Abrahamson Director: Marc Forster Genres: Drama, Suspense Genres: Drama, Adaptation Genres: Adventure, Comedy

Ron Stallworth is the first African- Dr Faraday, the son of a housemaid Robin, the young boy who shared American detective to serve has built a life of quiet respectability countless adventures with his band in the Colorado Springs Police as a country doctor. Now he is of lovable stuffed animals in the Department. Determined to make called to a patient at Hundreds Hundred Acre Wood, is now grown a name for himself,Ron Stallworth, Hall, where his mother once up and living in but he has lost from Colorado sets out on a worked. The Hall has been home to his way. Now it is up to his childhood dangerous mission: the Ayres family for more than two friends to venture into our world and He successfully managed to centuries. But it is now in decline help Christopher Robin rediscover infiltrate the local Ku Klux Klan and its inhabitants are haunted by the joys of family life, the value of and became the head of the local something more ominous than a friendship and to appreciate the chapter. dying way of life. simple pleasures in life once again.

August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 33 Documentary Works www.Mahan.aero

Carlos Queiroz: The Man for a Nation

Born/age: ����������������������������������������������Mar 1, 1953 (65) Place of birth: ������������������������������Nampula, Mozambique Name in home country: ����� Brito Leal Queiroz Nationality: ����������������������������� Portuguese, Mozambique Job: �������������������������������������Iran National Team Manager Appointed: ����������������������������������������������������Apr 4, 2011 Contract until: ����������������������������������������������� 31.07.2018

Carlos Queiroz was born in Nampula, Mozambique. (at that time a Portuguese colony). After a spell (a period spent in a job or occupation) with Portugal Under-20s, he was appointed boss of the full national team in 1991, where he remained for two years. Following spells in the Middle East, Japan and the United States, Queiroz led South Africa to an impressive performance at the 2002 World Cup where he caught the eye of Sir . A year later he was on the more again to take over as manager of Real Madrid, but he ultimately ended up sacked and returned to United for a second, four-year spell as Fergie's assistant. He then took over Portugal in 2008 and remained in the job until 2010 when they were knocked out of the World Cup by Spain.

34 August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Documentary Works www.Mahan.aero How Mozambique’s Carlos Queiroz took Iran to the World Cup Since taking over seven years ago, in April 2011 Queiroz had worked wonders to get Iran to Brazil. – Team-e Melli has seen a noticeable change in Team Melli were Asia’s seventh-ranked team when the style of play, the largest audience for which he took over in 2011, 54th in the world. Within three may have been Iran’s World Cup 2014 group stage years they were the first. Iran had no dedicated match against Argentina, when only a 91st-minute scouting staff, salaries were poor and securing moment of genius from broke the money for the team hotels and travel expenses was deadlock between the nations. a struggle. Queiroz has not been afraid to make unpopular Queiroz, who relied on an international network decisions, and he seems to have been vindicated of contacts garnered throughout a 40-year career so far, particularly with the passage of time. in professional football, objected to his players Queiroz has also focused heavily on attracting flying economy and airport transfers. He won players of Iranian ancestry from outside Iran to some concessions, but it remained a struggle play for the national team, including players against far better resourced opponents. In 2014, who do not speak Persian. FIFA retained Iran’s World Cup qualification The question arises, then, as to why it has money because the banks were not allowed to worked for him in Iran when he ostensibly transfer it into the country. Without that money, failed in Madrid and Portugal? their players weren’t paid for their achievement A critical answer would concentrate on of reaching the World Cup finals. ego, and state that this is a man who Queiroz has not only done the same for Russia 2018, needs total control, rendered more he’s done better. Iran didn’t lose a single one of their difficult when managing established ten games in qualifying and conceded only twice. stars such as Ronaldo, Zinedine They were the first team to qualify for Russia and the Zidane and Luís Figo at Real Madrid, first team to arrive and take advantage of superior or for Portugal. training facilities to the ones they have back home, A kinder answer would focus on the fact that plus a friendly against Lithuania. Queiroz thrives on the development of a project With three of their six planned pre-World Cup – be it a player or a team – and is less suited to friendlies cancelled, IR Iran’s preparations have been controlling and nurturing the end product. Perhaps less than ideal. But with an abundance of talent this is the trait that Sir Alex Ferguson recognized across the squad, Queiroz was still be confident of a early on. Queiroz helped mentor Cristiano Ronaldo strong showing in Russia. in his first season at Manchester United when he was a raw talent.

How They Got There IR Iran were the only Asian team to go the entire qualifying campaign unbeaten, topping Group A with a whopping seven-point gap from second-placed Korea Republic. ’s 11 goals and ’s eight strikes helped Team Melli win all their home games, apart from a 2-2 draw against on the final matchday, after qualification had already been secured.

Interesting Stat With an average height of 183 cm, IR Iran had the tallest squad amongst Asian teams participating at the 2018 World Cup. They also had the youngest squad out of the five nations, with an average age of just over 26 years.

August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 35 Documentary Works CARLOS QUEIROZ, A MASTER IN IRAN www.Mahan.aero Carlos Queiroz became head coach of Iran in 2011, as problems Queiroz accepted the quest, after prestigious Team Melli were eliminated in the quarter-finals of tasks such as Alex Ferguson‘s assistant manager at Asian Cup by South Korea (1:0 after extra time) and had Manchester United and head coach at Real Madrid. failed to qualify for 2010 FIFA World Cup. Beyond sports And he obtained results beyond any expectation. affairs, the country was suffering an economic crisis due In order to well understand his effort we need to to UN sanctions. analyze three choices made, sometimes criticized but No coach from a West Country would aspire to work ultimately successful. in those conditions: refusals by other countries to First, scouting for Iranian player born or raised outside cooperate between football federations (training camps, of Iran; then, no involvement in the local affairs of friendlies); difficulties in obtaining visas for players and football federation and league association; last but not staff; luck of funds and difficulty of sponsorship due least, continuous changes in the selection, that does to international banking limitations. Despite these not admit irreplaceable members.

his management in details Before Queiroz‘s appointment, the Iranian squad consisted of only Iranian footballers born in the homeland, that played in the local league or abroad: the first Team Melli player born and raised outside of Iran was German-Iranian Fereydoon Zandi, who played with Freiburg and Kaiserslautern. He was called up by Branko Ivankovic for 2006 FIFA World Cup, and later played in 2007 Asian Cup. When Queiroz became head coach, he started to search for professional footballers that were eligible to play for Iran under FIFA rules. The job was not easy, because some players did not speak Persian or had not even visited the country, like German goalkeeper and American defender Steven Mehrdad Beitashour: both athletes played qualifiers and were selected for 2014 FIFA World Cup, sit on the bench in Brazil, and then forgotten. A different situation about players born in Iran that moved to Europe as children, like stars and : they soon became regular in the team and beloved to the supporters.

Carlos Queiroz: From Man United number two to Mr. World Cup CARLOS QUEIROZ WAS once Alex Ferguson’s formidable assistant at Manchester United, but he has now carved out a new reputation: the man who can take your team to the World Cup. After Queiroz’s Iran became only the second team to qualify for Russia 2018, he is savoring the unique feat of reaching four World Cups with three different teams. Other coaches have qualified four times but not with different teams. The former Real Madrid boss has now qualified with South Africa in 2002, Portugal in 2010 — leading them to the last 16 — and now twice with Iran, after he also took them to Brazil 2014. To do it with different countries, cultures and mentalities is at least, unique as each country has its own challenges, its own strengths and weaknesses.

36 August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Documentary Works www.Mahan.aero Respect for the group is the main rule, before tactics or technique And if you place yourself before the group, you are Few months before 2014 FIFA World Cup former Portugal choosing to be out. captain Oceano da Cruz joined Queiroz (his former coach The impression is that Queiroz knew the gap between at Seleção and Sporting Lisbon) as assistant, especially senior and other players, and that he personally has as talent scout: you can find Oceano watching Iranian changed the situation since 2011. youngsters in various matches in Pro League Iran progress in the last 5 years is confirmed not only or abroad. He replaced his compatriot Antonio Simões, by results; number of goals conceded decreased; who left the post for personal reasons after accompanying professional players that play in Europe increased; the the successful qualification. team have climbed FIFA World Ranking becoming 1st in Another one with a key role in the technical staff is Asia and one of the top 50 in the world. The credit of Markar Aghajanyan, Iranian coach of Armenian descent this progress belongs of course to Carlos Queiroz and his that since the beginning of Queiroz era helped the head technical staff: professionals endlessly at work from all coach to discover the country. Recently former over the world, each one with well-defined tasks. captain was added as Since 2011 Dan Gaspar is not only the goalkeeping assistant, too. coach, first of all he is goalies’ teacher as President of This international staff Connecticut Soccer School & Star Goalkeeper Academy: counts on Diego Giacchino, he worked with Queiroz in USA, Portugal, South Africa, an Argentinian physical Japan; and with and José Antonio therapist that takes care Camacho. Gaspar has a relevant role in the improvement of Iranian players since of Iranian goalkeepers, more trustworthy than the past: their time in Brazil: he Iranian-American Omid Namazi played an important role replaced his Brazilian for the integration in the Middle East country, thanks to colleague Bruno his own experience as player and coach between Iran Mazziotti. and USA: He was Queiroz‘s assistant for three years and a half, before being appointed as US youth team coach. 2017 World’s Best National Team Coach: Carlos Queiroz at 7th Place

Strictness, charm, passion: this is Carlos Queiroz On 4 April 2011, Queiroz agreed to a two-and-a-half-year deal to coach Iran until the end of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, now Iran is back, this time on Russia, They became third team to qualify to the World Cup after host Russia and Brazil. Iran is one of the most successful national teams in Asia with three Asian Cup championships, from December 2014 until May 2018, the national football team of Iran remained the highest-ranked team in Asia, representing the longest continuous period of time a team has been top of the continent in the rankings.

August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 37 Health & Science www.Mahan.aero The Health Benefits of Gardening

It also gives us many health benefits such as:

Gardening is Reduces loneliness Gardening connects people. When you are gardening, you are outdoors. popular in many So it is a perfect time to socialize with your neighbors. parts of the world. Most people love to talk about their hobbies, and gardeners are no This outdoor different. They usually enjoy showing people what they are growing. activity gives us And most enjoy sharing advice and stories about their gardens almost as beautiful plants, much as sharing herbs, flowers and vegetables from their gardens. pleasant smelling Gardening can greatly widen a person’s community. flowers and Some people may not have the resources to have their own garden. So, fresh fruits and many cities and towns have community gardens. You can either volunteer vegetables. or just visit to learn more. Healthy activity for children Gardening is a great activity to do with children. It gets families outdoors and off computers, televisions and other electronics. Children can learn about nature and wildlife. Gardening can teach a child about where food comes from and healthy eating. It can also help them to understand the limits of natural resources and the importance of using them carefully. Vitamin D When you are in your garden, you might feel the sunshine on your skin. This means you are getting Vitamin D. Vitamin D helps our bodies use calcium. That is necessary to keep bones strong. Vitamin D also helps us fight diseases. Exercise Also, when you garden you must move around. All the different movements needed for gardening -- bending, twisting, stretching and lifting -- work small muscles in the body. And you can easily get a good work out when you are digging holes or pulling weeds.

38 August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Documentary Works www.Mahan.aero

Decreases stress Dementia and brain health Gardening may also help you feel calm and happy. Gardening may help your brain stay young. A study found that gardening may reduce the stress In another study in 2006, researchers looked at more hormone cortisol in the brain. than 2,800 people over the age of 60. They studied Scientists say that high levels of cortisol in the body their lifestyle habits, activities and health over a 16- interfere with learning and memory. It can also year period. They found that gardening could lower increase a person’s weight, blood pressure and risk of future *dementia by 36 percent. cholesterol levels. Chronic, high levels of cortisol Gardening uses many repeated actions, such as increase the risk for depression, mental illness and weeding or dead-heading (removing dying flowers lower life expectancy. from a plant). These actions have a calming effect on In the study, the researchers gave 30 gardeners a the brain. The brain is still active but not in the same difficult, stressful task. After completing the task, way that it is, say, when we use computers. researchers measured their cortisol levels. The In our technology-filled lives, gardening offers a chance gardeners self-reported on their mood, or how they to unplug. You cannot hold a phone or other electronic felt emotionally. devices when your hands are filled with dirt. Then the gardeners were asked to recover by either Gardening can also give you the feeling that you have gardening outdoors or reading indoors for 30 minutes. done something good. Both activities led to lower cortisol levels. However, A flower and herb garden can help feed bees and the decreases were stronger in the gardening group. butterflies. Growing herbs and flowers, even ina Also, those who gardened reported that their good couple of pots at your city home, connects you to moods returned fully. nature and pleases all of your senses. *dementia –a mental illness that causes someone to be unable to think clearly or to understand what is real and what is not real

August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 39 Spanish www.Mahan.aero

LOS LUGARES ESPECTACULARES DE SAVADKUH DESDE LA CASCADA DE GAZOO HASTA EL LAGO DE SHOORMAST

Zeinab sadat serki

La aldea y el lago de Shoormasht se encuentran en la parte sur de la provincia de Mazandarán y al suroeste de la ciudad de Savadkuh. El lago Shoormast se encuentra a 5 km de la ciudad industrial Shoormast y en las elevaciones que dan a la orilla. Savadkuh es una de las ciudades más bellas del norte del país, ubicada en la provincia de Mazan- darán. Savadkuh es uno de los mejores destinos para viajar a la naturaleza con algunas de las at- racciones turísticas más bellas del país, como Gazo y Veresk, el lago de Shoormast y los bosques.

40 August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine Spanish www.Mahan.aero

de Qadamgah y anualmente atrae a muchas personas entusi- astas. Está a unos 30 minutos del pueblo de Veresc hasta la cascada, la mitad de la cual pasa por el agua del río. El clima es templado, húmedo y montañoso. Este río es estacional y tiene diferentes volúmenes de agua en diferentes estaciones. La Atajada de Lafur La Atajada de Lafur (presa de Alborz), a 72 metros de altura en el pueblo de Lafur, se ha construido en la encrucijada de los tres ríos de Karsang y Azar y Sklim Rohar en una región llama- da Deothek (la intersección de dos aguas). Esta gran atajada de tierra, junto al hermoso bosque, ofrece paisajes hermosos y sofisticados.

Cascada de Gazoo La cascada de Gazoo con una altura aproximada de 70 met- ros, ubicada a 15 km de la sección del Shirgah, se encuentra en la ciudad de Savadkuh, en los bosques verdes de Lafur y al lado del tumba conocido como los “Tres Grandes de Gazoo”. Su ruta es desde el pueblo de Jamshidabad y Lafur, detrás de la atajada de Alborz en la carretera rocosa. Cascada de Veresk Una cascada muy hermosa, que también se llama Cheshmea- li, está a unos 20 metros de altura desde el valle hasta la aldea de Veresk. El agua de esta cascada origina de las tierras altas

August 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 41 معلم »خورهه« األثري

مجموعــة المواقــع األثريــة فــي منطقــة االحتفاليــات والعــروض والمراســم الوطنيــة جــدل وخالفــات علميــة فيمــا ّيخــص »خورهــه« التابعــة لمدينــة ّمحــلات والدينيــة وعمــارة وبيتـ ً ـالالســتجمام ومقبرة. أصالــة هــذه المجموعــة األثريــة؛ وتطــرح بالمحافظــة المركزيــة هــي مــن أ ّهــم وقــد عثــر علمــاء اآلثــار جـ ّـراء التنقيبــات هــذا الســؤال: هــل بنــی الســلوقيون المعالــم األثريــة االيرانيــة التــي يكتنفهــا التــي اجريــت فــي هــذه المنطقــة، علــی واليونانيــون هــذه األبنيــة والعمــارات الغمــوض، ممــا جعلهــا مدعــاة لتســاؤالت أشــياء وآثــار تعــود الــی العهــود الســلوقية باعتبارهــا دور عبــادة أو بناهــا االيرانيــون وابهامــات عديــدة لــدى المؤرخيــن واألشــكانية )البارتيــة( والساســانية وكذلــك الذيــن ســافروا الــی الغــرب، واســتلهموا وعلمــاء اآلثــار االيرانييــن واألجانــب العصــر االســال مي. مــن الفــن المعمــاري االغريقــي فــي تشــييد فيمــا يخـ ّـص تاريخهــا والفــن المعمــاري جــاء فــي كتــاب »أوســتا« )أفســتا( للديانــة عمــارات وأبنيــة ألغــراض أخــرى؟ والمــواد االنشــائية المســتخدمة فــي أبنيتهــا. الزرادشــتية، ّأن مفــردة »خورهــه« تعنــي معلــم »خورهــه« االثــري بنــي علــی 3550 وذكــر المورخــون ّان مجموعــة »خورهــه« »مطلــع الشــمس« فضــ ًال عــن أنهــا تعنــي أرض تبلــغ مســاحتها متــراً ويضـ ّـم األثريــة كانــت ّتتضمــن معبــداً نار ًيــا »عمــارة لالســتجمام«، مــا ّيبــرر انشــاء ًايوانــا ًرئيســا وجزئيــن ًشــماليا وغربيـ ًـا . وقصــراً ومســر ً حاالقامــة هــذه المجموعــة األثريــة فــي هــذه المنطقــة. أســفرت أعمــال التنقيب فــي هــذه المجموعة »خورهــه« هــي قريــة تقــع في شــمال شــرق االثريــة عــن اكتشــاف عموديــن اثنيــن ًفضال قضــاء محـ ّـلات وبيــن قــرى دودهــك ووريــن عــن أشــياء فخاريــة تعــود الــی العهديــن وآبكــرم، وبالقــرب مــن نهــر خورهــه. األشــكاني والساســاني. وتــم العثــور علــی تشــير الدراســات التاريخيــة والمكتشــفات هــذه الفخاريــات فــي عــام 1976 للميــالد. األثريــة التــي جــرت فــي ســهل خورهــه ومــن المكتشــاف االثريــة األخــرى فــي هــذا الــی أن خورهــه كانــت مــن مناطــق الســكن الموقــع نذكــر علــی ســبيل المثــال مصباحـ ًـا البشــري فــي األلفيــة الثانيــة قبــل الميــال د. ًزيتيــا وجــراراً ذا مقبــض وجــراراً مــ ّدوراً وبالطبــع لــم تــرد وثائــق ومســتندات وأحجــار زينــة وقطعـ ًـا معدنيــة وزجاجيــة مكتوبــة فــي الكتــب والمصــادر التاريخيــة اضافــة الــی ســبعة هيــاكل ّآدميــة، بيــد ّأن فيمــا ّيتعلــق بالبنيــة التحتيــة والنمــط هــذه الهيــاكل ونظــراً لطبيعــة دفنهــا علــی المعمــاري المســتخدم فــي أبنيــة خورهــه الكتــف األيمــن ووضعهــا باتجــاه القبلــة األثريــة، إال ّأن المؤرخيــن وعلمــاء اآلثــار يبــدو أنهــا تعــود الــی العصــر االســال مي. االيرانييــن واألجانــب، ذكــروا أشــياء عــدة يذكــر ّأن معلــم »خورهــه« األثــري مســ ّجل بشــأن أصالــة هــذه األبنيــة ومعماريتهــا. فــي قائمــة المواقــع األثريــة الوطنيــة فــي هــذه المعلومــات التاريخيــة أصبحــت مثــار ايــران. قلعة البنت )قيز قلعة( في ساوه قلعــة البنــت أو »قيــز قلعــة« فــي منطقة ســاوه عظمــة هــذه القلعــة والحقيقــة الوجوديــة يجــب العبــور مــن مســافة منحــدرة تبلــغ بالمحافظــة المركزية، مــن أهم المعالــم األثرية لبنائهــا فــي هــذه المنطقــة بالــذات جعلتهــا نحــو مئــة متــر علی جهــة الجنــوب الشــرقي. المبهــرة للعقــول من الناحيــة المعماريــة، والتي فــي عــداد اكثــر المعالــم األثريــة أهميــة جديــر بالذكــر ا ّن جميــع الجــدران الصخريــة تقــع فــي المناطــق الجبلــة الوعــرة في ايــران. فــي المحافظــة المركزيــة الســتقطاب للقلعــة علــی شــكل هاويــة، وكل نقطــة تــد ّل الوثائــق والدراســات التاريخيــة الســياح األجانــب ناهيــك عــن تقديــم كان مــن المحتمــل أن تشــكل تهديــداً التــي أجريــت فيمــا ّيخــص بنــاء القــالع معلومــات ثقافيــة فيمــا يخـ ّـص المكتســبات وخطــر اًلنفــوذ المهاجميــن، تــم اغالقهــا مثــل »قــالع البنــت« فــي ايــران فضــ ًال المعماريــة والحضاريــة فــي ايــران القديمــة. بالحجــر والصــاروج، بحيــث ال يوجــد أي عــن قــدم هــذه القــالع واســتخداماتها بنيــت هــذه القلعــة وقصرهــا ومعبدهــا منفــذ للدخــول الــی القلعــة مــن الجهــات المختلفــة بمــا فيهــا معابــد »آناهيتــا«، علــی صخــرة مرتفعــة مشــرفة علــی ســهل الثــالث الشــمالية والشــرقية والغربيــة. تــد ّل علــی انتشــار الديانــة الميثرائيــة عنــد ســاوه، حيــث تحيطهــا مــن الجهــات أمــا فــي خلــف القلعــة، فكانــت هنــاك االيرانييــن فــي غابــر العصــور واألزمنــة. الشــرقية والغربيــة والجنوبيــة صخــور عـ ّـد ة. مجموعــة مــن الســاللم لتنقــل الحــراس. وو ًفقــا لهــذه الدراســات، كانــت قلعــة أقــرب قريــة مــن قلعــه البنــت فــي وكانــت مجموعــة مــن الســاللم فــي الجهــة البنــت فــي ســاوه مكا ًنــا للعبــادة وأداء ســاوه هــي قريــة »قيــز قلعــه«. الغربيــة للقلعــة قــد ّخصصــت لتنقــل االحتــرام للمــاء وآلهــة ناهيــد قبــل الفتــح هــذه القلعــة التــي تــم بناؤهــا علــی المســؤولين والقــادة والمــؤن. امــا فــي مقابل االســالمي اليــران وكذلــك قبــل جفــاف أرض مســاحتها نحــو 3000 متــر الســاللم الغربيــة وعلــی فــوق صخــرة، فكان بحيــرة ســاوه فــي العصــر الساســاني. مربــع ّتتشــكل مــن قســمين رئيســيين هنــاك ّممــر ضيــق يعبــر منــه ســاكنو القلعــة. همــا الحصــن الدفاعــي والقصــر. تحيــط القصــر الرئيســي للقلعــة، حفــر تقــع بوابــة القلعــة فــي الجانــب الشــرقي عـ ّـدة أنشــئت لتخزيــن الميــاه. األنابيــب للصخــرة، حيــث توجد بقايــا جدارهــا ا ّلمبني الفخاريــة المكســورة التــي تــم العثــور مــن الحجــر والصــاروج بالقــرب مــن عليهــا أثنــاء أعمــال التنقيــب فــي القلعــة نهــر صغيــر. ومــن أجــل الوصول تشــير الــی وجــود نظــام مـ ّـد أنابيــب مــاء الــی قمــة القلعــة، حيــث الشــرب الصحــی وشــبكة المجــاري. يوجــد المبنی الرئيســي هــذه القلعــة التــي كانــت تشــرف علــی للقصــر )المعبــد(، ســهل ســاوه بالكامــل، تتضمــن أربعــة أبــراج مراقبــة فــي الجهــات الشــمالية والغربيــة والشــرقية، مبنيــة مــن مزيــج الحجــر والصــاروج. معبد نار »آتشكوه« في محالت

يقــع معبــد نــار »آتشــكوه نيــم ور« فــي مدينــة يصــل طولــه الــی 28/40 متــراً، فيمــا يبلــغ لتضفــي الجــدران قــوة ورصانــة اضافيــة. 60/12 12 محــالت، وعلــی بعــد كيلومتراً مــن غرب عرضــه فــي الجانــب الشــرقي أ ّمــا الجــدران الشــمالية والجنوبيــة للقاعــة مدينــة دليجــان فــي المحافظــة المركزيــة. متــراً وفــي الجهــة الغربيــة يبلــغ 25 متــراً . فتــم بناؤهــا مــن الحجــر والصــاروج، 40/1 هــذا المعبــد النــاري الــذي تــم تســجيله ضمن يضـ ّ ـممعبــد »آتشــكوه نيــم ور« النــاري ثالثــة ويبلــغ طولهــا قرابــة متــراً، بيــد أن قائمــة المعالــم األثريــة الوطنيــة فــي ايــران، أقســام هــي: القاعــة الرئيســة )الشــرقية( المدخــل الرئيــس المــؤدي الــی القاعــة 60/5 يحظــی بعظمــة وأبهــة جعلتــه فــي عــداد والقاعــة الغربيــة و ّممــر القاعــة مبنية مــن مزيج الشــرقية يصــل عرضــه الــی متــراً . اكبــر المعابــد الناريــة الزرادشــتية فــي العالــم. الحجــر والصــاروج ولهــا أربــع قواعــد رصينة، وفــي جانبــي المدخــل الرئيــس للمعبــد، يعــزي المؤرخــون الــی أ ّن هــذا المعبــد النــاري حيــث قامــت القبــة وطــاق هــذا المعبــد العظيم يطالعنــا عمــودان؛ يبلــغ قطــر الواحــد منهمــا يعــود بنــاؤه الــی العصــر الساســاني، ويظنــون علــی هــذه القواعــد والتــي يصــل ارتفاعهــا الی 3/40 متــرا ًواآلخــر 4/40 متــراً. بنــي هــذا ّأن هــذا البنــاء ًووفقــا للقرائــن التي تــد ّل عليه، ســتة أمتــار وفــي أبعــاد 2/70 × 2/70 متراً . العمــودان علــی شــكل شــبه دائــري ويشــبهان بقــي علــی حالــه حتــی القــرن الرابــع الهجري. اســتخدم المعماريــون لبنــاء هــذا المعبــد برجــي مراقبــة. والــی جانــب هذيــن العمودين بنــي هــذا المعبــد النــاري علــی ســفح جبــل النــاري، قطــع طابــوق مربّعــة الشــكل فضــ ًال الرئيســيين، يوجــد عمــودان آخــران يبلــغ »آتشــكوه« وعلــی مقربــة مــن نهــر بهــذا عــن إدخــال الحجــر فــي بنــاء الواجهــة، طولهمــا 3/20 متــراً. االســم. كمــا اســتخدموا قطعـ ًـا خشــبية فــي بنــاء هــذا المعبــد النــاري الــذي تــم بنــاؤه علــی الجــدران، وذلــك مــن خــالل إدخالهــا فيهــا أرض تبلــغ مســاحتها نحــو 600 متــر مربــع،

ماهنامه داخل پروازی ماهان Mahan Inflight Magazine اسفند 96 125 السیاحة في ایران المحافظة المركزية )أراك(

تقــع المحافظــة المركزيــة )أراك( فــي منطقــة مدنهــا هــو مدينــة »أراك«. جديــر بالذكــر ودليجــان وشــازند وآشــتيان وكميجــان عرفــت فــي ســالف العصــور واألزمنــه ا ّن مدينــة أراك هــذه كانــت تعــرف فــي وزرنديــة وخنــداب. »باالقليــم الميــدي الكبيــر« وفــي بدايــات الماضــي بالعــراق وعنــد الفتــح االســالمي يتكلم معظــم أهالي المحافظة باللغة الفارســية، العصــر االســالمي بواليــة »الجبــال« اليــران ودخــول العــرب فيهــا ســميت بعــراق بيــد ّأن اللهجــة التركيــة لهــا انتشــار أيضـ ًـا فــي وفــي القــرون الالحقــة »بعــراق العجــم«. العجــم، والتــي كانــت تضــم عــدداً كبيــراً اكثــر قــرى مدينــة اراك وســربند وســاوة. وكان العــرب أول مــن اطلق علی هــذا االقليم مــن المحافظــات المجــاورة لهــا حاليـ ًـا . أمــا فــي مدينــة دليجــان، فيتحـ ّـدث النــاس والجبــال الواقعــة فــي غــرب ايــران اســم ت ّحــد المحافظــة المركزيــة مــن الشــمال بلهجــة تدعــی »راجــي«، حيــث تعــود واليــة الجبــال. وفــي فتــرة حكــم الســالجقة محافظــات طهــران وألبــرز وقزويــن، جذورهــا الــی اللغــة والمفــردات الميديــة. علــی ايــران، كان الخلفــاء العباســيون يطلقون ّوتحدهــا غر ًبــا محافظــة همــدان، تحظــی هــذه المحافظــة بالتنــوع المناخــي، مصطلــح »عــراق العجــم« )مقابــل عــراق ومــن الجنــوب محافظتــا لرســتان وذلــك بســبب وجــود جبــال شــاهقة فيهــا العــرب( علــی المناطــق الغربيــة اليــران. واصفهــان، ومــن الشــرق محافظتــا وقربهــا من جــزء مــن منطقة حوض الســلطان تقــع المحافظــة المركزيــة )أراك( باعتبارهــا طهــران واصفهــان وكذلــك محافظــة قــم. وصحــراء ميقــان ومصـ ّـب بحيــرة الملــح فــي عاصمــة ايــران الصناعيــة فــي وســط البــالد أمــا مــدن هــذه المحافظــة فهــي محـ ّـلات قــم فضــ ًال عــن وقــوع المحافظــة فــي منطقــة ًتقريبــا. مركــز هــذه المحافظــة واكبــر وأراك وســاوة وتفــرش وخميــن وفراهــان تلتقــي فيهــا جبــال ألبــرز وزاغــرس.

125 ماهنامه داخل پروازی ماهان Mahan Inflight Magazine اسفند 96