Kansas Wind Energy
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Kansas Wind Energy KIMBERLY SVATY SENATE UTILITIES COMMITTEE JANUARY 10, 2017 What is Wind Power? Wind power is the ability to make electricity using the air flows that occur naturally in the earth’s atmosphere. Wind turbine blades capture kinetic energy from the wind and turn it into mechanical energy, spinning a generator that creates electricity. The three major types of wind power Wind is a type of renewable energy, and there are three major types of wind power. ◦ Utility-scale wind, wind turbines larger than 100 kilowatts are developed with electricity delivered to the power grid and distributed to the end user by electric utilities or power system operators; ◦ Distributed or "small" wind which uses turbines of 100 kilowatts or smaller to directly power a home, farm or small business as it primary use; ◦ Offshore Wind which are wind turbines erected in bodies of water around the world. First US offshore wind project online fall 2016. How wind turbines work When wind blows past a turbine, the blades capture the kinetic energy and rotate, turning it into mechanical energy. This rotation turns an internal shaft connected to a gearbox, which increases the speed of rotation by a factor of 100 (from 18 rmp to 1800 rpm). That spins a generator to produce the electricity. Standing at least 80 meters tall, tubular steel towers support a hub with three attached blades and a “nacelle,” which houses the shaft, gearbox, generator and controls. Wind measurements are collected to automatically rotate the turbine to face the strongest wind and angle or "pitch" its blades to optimize the energy captured. A typical modern turbine is available to generate usable amounts of power over 99 percent of the time. It will start to generate electricity when wind speeds reach 6 -9 miles per hour (or 3 – 4 meters per second), and cut off at about 45 miles an hour (or 20 meters per second) to prevent equipment damage. Over the course of a year, modern turbines can reach more than 50-58 percent of their rated maximum capacity; that is as good as or better than most other forms of electric generation such as natural gas plants, which also don’t run 24/7. How wind energy gets to you Windmills vs. Wind Turbines The terms “wind mill” and “wind turbine” are sometimes used interchangeably, but there are important differences. Windmills generate mechanical energy, but they do not generate electricity. People started using windmills centuries ago to grind grain, pump water, and do other work. Today's wind turbine is a highly evolved machine with more than 8,000 parts. Modern wind turbines harness wind's kinetic energy and convert it into electricity. What is a wind farm? Wind turbines often stand together in a windy area that has been through a robust development process, in an interconnected group called a wind project or wind farm which functions as a single power plant that puts electricity onto the grid. How wind energy gets to you The turbines in a wind farm are connected so the electricity can travel from the wind farm to the power grid. Once wind energy is on the main power grid, electric utilities or power operators will deliver the electricity where it is needed. Smaller transmission lines called distribution lines will collect the electricity generated at the wind project site and transport it to larger "network" transmission lines where the electricity can travel across long distances to the locations where it is needed, when finally the smaller "distribution lines" deliver electricity directly to your town and home. www.awea.org/wind-energy-101 Benefits of wind energy Benefits of wind energy Wind power pumps billions of dollars into our economy every year, particularly into rural areas where 99.8 percent of wind farms are located; 70 percent reside in low-income counties. From 2008-15, the U.S. wind industry generated more than $128 billion in private investment. Wind energy supports 88,000 well-paying American jobs, including 21,000 manufacturing jobs (as of January 2016). The fastest-growing job in America is “wind turbine technician,” according to the Department of Labor. Wind energy is a drought-resistant cash crop that farmers and ranchers rely on to make a living and keep their land in the family. Wind farm owners make $222 million a year in lease payments (as of 2016). Local investments paid help rural communities afford teachers, ambulances, and roads. Wind investments are long-term 20-25 year, fixed price contracts for power History of wind power Earliest recordings in history describe wind power use Wind mills on farms to pump water, later for small sources of light First large wind turbine erected during WWII 1970s energy crisis spurred industry growth Subsided crisis equated to waning American interest in new technology Europe jumped on the American technology as they lacked the natural resources to power their own energy needs and transportation costs were much higher After 20 years of R&D and technology deployment, Europeans exported the technology back to the United States - Iowa first state RPS in 1982 - Federal Production Tax Credit instituted 1992 - Texas significant development under Governors Bush and Perry 2001 first commercial wind project operational in Kansas Wind powering the Kansas economy ◦ More than $10 Billion in new investment in 15 years in Kansas ◦ 12,000 new jobs across rural and urban parts of the state ◦ $16,000,000 in annual landowner payments* ◦ $10,000,000 in annual payments to the counties* ◦ Helped attract other businesses such as Siemens (Hutchinson) with 400 direct jobs and 450 indirect jobs and Mars (Topeka) with up to 400 direct and 475 indirect jobs ◦ Industry does not use or receive any State General Fund dollars ◦ 20 – 25 year fixed price contract providing long-term price stability and a hedge against fuel source volatility ◦ Lowest & fixed pricing driven demand from corporate & industrial purchasers Like any industry, there is robust competition for jobs and capital investment. The states with stable and favorable environments win capital investment. 1.5 MW Wind Turbine Scale Rotor Diameter 231 - 252 ft. Using 80 – 100 meter towers and 77 – 100 meter rotor diameter blades Blade Tip Hub Height Height 213 to 262 ft 327 to 388 ft. 211 ft. Boeing 747 Excavated Foundation With Spread Footings 400 yards of concrete 700 #s re-bar / cubic yard 140 tons of steel 55’ wide & 10 foot deep Tower Section Base section = 16’ in diameter Tower Sections 3 sections + nacelle 80m = 262’ to rotor Tower = 148 tons Tower Installation Blade Length =121’ 3 blades / WTG Weight = 7 tons / blade Diameter = 6 feet Tower/Nacelle/Rotor Tower / Nacelle / Rotor = 248 tons Operation & Maintenance Fastest Growing Job in America – Wind Turbine Technician Wind is changing power generation portfolios In 2015, Wind Generated Nearly 24% of All Electricity in Kansas Wind, 23.90% Other, 0.30% Coal, 53.70% Nuclear, 18.90% Natural Gas, 3.30% Coal Natural Gas Nuclear Other Wind Source: AWEA U.S. Wind Industry Annual Market Report Year Ending 2015 Enough U.S. wind power for 20 million homes, led by Texas Top states 1. Texas 2. Iowa 3. California 4. Oklahoma 5. Illinois ** EY15 data 1Q17 Kansas 5,116.5 MW Source: AWEA U.S. Wind Industry First Quarter 2016 Market Report Increasing contribution to the grid, reliably integrated • By the end of 2016, Kansas likely to be powered by 30% renewable energy • At times, wind has supplied more than 37% of the power across the SPP system Source: AWEA U.S. Wind Industry Annual Market Report Year Ending 2015 Jobs across America Top states for wind jobs in 2015 Texas (24,001-25,000) Oklahoma (7,001-8,000) Iowa (6,001-7,000) Colorado (6,001-7,000) Kansas (5,001-6,000) Source: AWEA U.S. Wind Industry Annual Market Report Year Ending 2015 Roughly 500 component part facilities in 43 states including Kansas. At least 78% of the value of a wind turbine produced domestically compared to 25% in 2005. Kansans embrace our wind power resource Conducted by NorthStar Opinion, a national, well-respected polling firm with Republican ties 91% of Kansans support renewable energy 76% support increasing the use of wind energy 75% support 2009 RPS law of 20% by 2020 71% agree using renewable energy helps keep electricity rates stable 68% support increasing the RPS to 25% 73% willing to increase their monthly bill by $1 to increase renewables Kansas– 4 Mike Pompeo - 1586MW Congressman Dr. Marshall Wind power supporter Senator Moran Wind power supporter Policy stability drives growth Experience confirms that policy stability is critical to the growth and overall success of any industry – wind energy included ◦ Federal ◦ PTC Phased out by 2019 ◦ Gradual 20% annual reductions in PTC value ◦ PTC helped quadruple America’s installed wind power from 16,702 MW in 2008 to 69,470 MW by the third quarter of 2015 … enough power to supply over 18 million American homes. ◦ Kansas ◦ RPS ◦ Siting ◦ Transmission With the 2nd/3rd best wind resource, Kansas has the opportunity to supply the US with power and the Americas and perhaps the world with component parts Policy stability drives growth TP&L (Transportation Partners and Logistics) yard on Jennie Barker Road and U.S. Highway 50 in Garden City, TP&L is an off-loading and distribution site for wind generation components that operates a section of rail near its yard that ships wind generation components. “We have 3,000 pieces sitting on the ground right now, and that’s the highest we’ve ever had,” said Billy Brenton, vice president and co-owner of TP&L.