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Camille VAN LUL Née Le 08 Mai 1981 À Melun (Seine-Et-Marne)

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Camille VAN LUL Née Le 08 Mai 1981 À Melun (Seine-Et-Marne) ÉCOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE D’ALFORT Année 2007 MALADIE DU DEPERISSEMENT CHRONIQUE DES CERVIDES : ETUDE BIBLIOGRAHIQUE THESE Pour le DOCTORAT VETERINAIRE Présentée et soutenue publiquement devant LA FACULTE DE MEDECINE DE CRETEIL le…………… par Camille VAN LUL Née le 08 mai 1981 à Melun (Seine-et-Marne) JURY Président : M. Professeur à la Faculté de Médecine de CRETEIL Membres Directeur : M. Karim ADJOU Maître de conférences à l’ENVA Assesseur : M. Pascal ARNE Maître de conférences à l’ENVA Invité : M. François MOUTOU Docteur Vétérinaire, AFSSA LISTE DES MEMBRES DU CORPS ENSEIGNANT Directeur : M. le Professeur COTARD Jean-Pierre Directeurs honoraires : MM. les Professeurs MORAILLON Robert, PARODI André-Laurent, PILET Charles, TOMA Bernard Professeurs honoraires: MM. BUSSIERAS Jean, CERF Olivier, LE BARS Henri, MILHAUD Guy, ROZIER Jacques DEPARTEMENT DES SCIENCES BIOLOGIQUES ET PHARMACEUTIQUES (DSBP) Chef du département : M. BOULOUIS Henri-Jean, Professeur - Adjoint : M. DEGUEURCE Christophe, Professeur -UNITE D’ANATOMIE DES ANIMAUX DOMESTIQUES - UNITE D’HISTOLOGIE , ANATOMIE PATHOLOGIQUE Mme CREVIER-DENOIX Nathalie, Professeur M. CRESPEAU François, Professeur M. DEGUEURCE Christophe, Professeur* M. FONTAINE Jean-Jacques, Professeur * Mlle ROBERT Céline, Maître de conférences Mme BERNEX Florence, Maître de conférences M. CHATEAU Henri, Maître de conférences Mme CORDONNIER-LEFORT Nathalie, Maître de conférences -UNITE DE PATHOLOGIE GENERALE , MICROBIOLOGIE, - UNITE DE VIROLOGIE IMMUNOLOGIE M. ELOIT Marc, Professeur * Mme QUINTIN-COLONNA Françoise, Professeur* Mme LE PODER Sophie, Maître de conférences M. BOULOUIS Henri-Jean, Professeur -DISCIPLINE : PHYSIQUE ET CHIMIE BIOLOGIQUES ET -UNITE DE PHYSIOLOGIE ET THERAPEUTIQUE MEDICALES M. BRUGERE Henri, Professeur M. MOUTHON Gilbert, Professeur Mme COMBRISSON Hélène, Professeur* M. TIRET Laurent, Maître de conférences -DISCIPLINE : GENETIQUE MEDICALE ET CLINIQUE M. PANTHIER Jean-Jacques, Professeur -UNITE DE PHARMACIE ET TOXICOLOGIE Mlle ABITBOL Marie, Maître de conférences Mme ENRIQUEZ Brigitte, Professeur * M. TISSIER Renaud, Maître de conférences -DISCIPLINE : ETHOLOGIE M. PERROT Sébastien, Maître de conférences M. DEPUTTE Bertrand, Professeur -UNITE : BIOCHIMIE -DISCIPLINE : ANGLAIS M. MICHAUX Jean-Michel, Maître de conférences Mme CONAN Muriel, Ingénieur Professeur agrégé certifié M. BELLIER Sylvain, Maître de conférences DEPARTEMENT D’ELEVAGE ET DE PATHOLOGIE DES EQUIDES ET DES CARNIVORES (DEPEC) Chef du département : M. FAYOLLE Pascal, Professeur - Adjoint : M. POUCHELON Jean-Louis , Professeur - UNITE DE MEDECINE - UNITE DE PATHOLOGIE CHIRURGICALE M. POUCHELON Jean-Louis, Professeur* M. FAYOLLE Pascal, Professeur * Mme CHETBOUL Valérie, Professeur M. MAILHAC Jean-Marie, Maître de conférences M. BLOT Stéphane, Maître de conférences M. MOISSONNIER Pierre, Professeur M. ROSENBERG Charles, Maître de conférences Mme VIATEAU-DUVAL Véronique, Maître de conférences Mme MAUREY Christelle, Maître de conférences contractuel Mlle RAVARY Bérangère, Maître de conférences (rattachée au DPASP) M. ZILBERSTEIN Luca, Maître de conférences contractuel - UNITE DE CLINIQUE EQUINE M. HIDALGO Antoine, Maître de conférences contractuel M. DENOIX Jean-Marie, Professeur M. AUDIGIE Fabrice, Maître de conférences* - UNITE DE RADIOLOGIE Mme GIRAUDET Aude, Professeur contractuel Mme BEGON Dominique, Professeur* Mme MESPOULHES-RIVIERE Céline, Maître de conférences Mme STAMBOULI Fouzia, Maître de conférences contractuel contractuel M. PICCOT-CREZOLLET Cyrille, Maître de conférences contractuel -UNITE D’OPHTALMOLOGIE M. CLERC Bernard, Professeur* -UNITE DE REPRODUCTION ANIMALE Mlle CHAHORY Sabine, Maître de conférences contractuel Mme CHASTANT-MAILLARD Sylvie, Maître de conférences* (rattachée au DPASP) - UNITE DE PARASITOLOGIE ET MALADIES PARASITAIRES M. NUDELMANN Nicolas, Maître de conférences M. CHERMETTE René, Professeur M. FONTBONNE Alain, Maître de conférences M. POLACK Bruno, Maître de conférences* M. REMY Dominique, Maître de conférences (rattaché au DPASP) M. GUILLOT Jacques, Professeur M. DESBOIS Christophe, Maître de conférences Mme MARIGNAC Geneviève, Maître de conférences contractuel Mlle CONSTANT Fabienne, Maître de conférences (rattachée au Mlle HALOS Lénaïg, Maître de conférences DPASP) Mlle LEDOUX Dorothée, Maître de conférences contractuel (rattachée -UNITE DE NUTRITION-ALIMENTATION au DPASP) M. PARAGON Bernard, Professeur * M. GRANDJEAN Dominique, Professeur DEPARTEMENT DES PRODUCTIONS ANIMALES ET DE LA SANTE PUBLIQUE (DPASP) Chef du département : M. MAILLARD Renaud, Maître de conférences - Adjoint : Mme DUFOUR Barbara, Maître de conférences -UNITE DES MALADIES CONTAGIEUSES - UNITE DE ZOOTECHNIE, ECONOMIE RURALE M. BENET Jean-Jacques, Professeur* M. COURREAU Jean-François, Professeur Mme HADDAD/ HOANG-XUAN Nadia, Maître de conférences M. BOSSE Philippe, Professeur Mme DUFOUR Barbara, Maître de conférences Mme GRIMARD-BALLIF Bénédicte, Professeur Mme LEROY Isabelle, Maître de conférences -UNITE D’HYGIENE ET INDUSTRIE DES ALIMENTS M. ARNE Pascal, Maître de conférences D’ORIGINE ANIMALE M. PONTER Andrew, Maître de conférences* M. BOLNOT François, Maître de conférences * M. CARLIER Vincent, Professeur - UNITE DE PATHOLOGIE MEDICALE DU BETAIL ET DES Mme COLMIN Catherine, Maître de conférences ANIMAUX DE BASSE-COUR M. AUGUSTIN Jean-Christophe, Maître de conférences M. MILLEMANN Yves, Maître de conférences* Mme BRUGERE-PICOUX Jeanne, Professeur (rattachée au DSBP) - DISCIPLINE : BIOSTATISTIQUES M. MAILLARD Renaud, Maître de conférences M. SANAA Moez, Maître de conférences M. ADJOU Karim, Maître de conférences Mme CALAGUE, Professeur d’Education Physique * Responsable de l’Unité AERC : Assistant d’Enseignement et de Recherche Contractuel Remerciements A Monsieur Professeur à la faculté de médecine de Créteil Qui nous a fait l’honneur d’accepter la présidence de ce jury de thèse Hommage respectueux. A Monsieur Karim Adjou Maître de conférences à l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort Pour m’avoir proposé ce sujet Pour l’aide et les conseils qu’il m’a prodigués et la rigueur de sa correction Mes plus sincères remerciements. A Monsieur Pascal Arné Maître de conférences à l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort Qui a accepté de participer à mon jury de thèse Pour la rapidité et la rigueur de ses corrections Sincères remerciements. A Monsieur François Moutou Docteur vétérinaire, unité épidémiologie, AFSSA Qui nous a fait l’honneur de participer à notre jury de thèse Pour l’attention qu’il a portée à ce travail Très sincères remerciements. ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ A mes parents et mon frère C’est grâce à vous que j’ai pu accomplir mon rêve, à vos sacrifices et votre soutien. Merci de m’avoir permis de devenir ce que je suis et d’avoir l’envie de découvrir et comprendre le monde. A ma famille Merci pour votre accueil pendant mes différents stages. A mon groupe de clinique Avec qui j’ai passé tant de bons moments, celles avec qui j’ai partagé les moments les plus complices (Eléonor, Sabine, Marie Aude et Dorothée) et ceux avec qui j’ai tant apprécié être (Aurélie, Aude, Stéphanie, Claire, Béatrice, Vanessa, Alex). A mes amis Merci à tous ceux avec qui j’ai partagé plein d’aventures et découvert tant de choses. A toute l’équipe québécoise Merci à tous ceux qui ont fait que cette aventure ait été aussi riche (Mathilde, nos très chers techniciens Carl, Marco, Nancy et Véronique), à ceux qui m’ont appris tant de choses (David, André, Marie, PYM et Gilles) et à celles avec qui j’ai affronté les difficultés (Marjolaine, Ilonka, Marie-Laure) La Maladie du dépérissement chronique des cervidés : étude bibliographique NOM et Prénom : VAN LUL Camille Résumé La maladie du dépérissement chronique des cervidés (MDCC) est une encéphalopathie spongiforme subaiguë transmissible (ESST), ou maladie à prion, qui affecte les cervidés présents en Amérique du Nord : le cerf mulet (Odocoileus hemionus), le cerf de Virginie (Odocoileus virginianus), le wapiti (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) et l’orignal ou élan (Alces alces). Elle provoque chez ces animaux un amaigrissement progressif et des troubles du comportement d’origine neurologique menant inévitablement à la mort. La transmission par voie orale, à partir de l’environnement contaminé, est responsable de la dissémination et de la persistance de la maladie dans la nature. La MDCC touche les cervidés sauvages et d’élevage aux Etats-Unis et au Canada, ainsi que dans d’autres pays suite à l’importation de cervidés d’élevage contaminés. Il s’agit de la seule ESST sévissant sur la faune sauvage de façon naturelle, ce qui rend délicate toute recherche associée. Le dépistage dépend ainsi de la participation des chasseurs. Par ailleurs, on ne peut exclure le risque zoonotique, qui le cas échéant pourrait avoir de graves conséquences sur la santé humaine. Actuellement, il est difficile d’anticiper le devenir de la MDCC. Les facteurs de risque ne sont pas maîtrisés et de nombreux points obscurs relatifs au mode de transmission restent à établir afin de pouvoir développer un programme d’éradication efficace. Le développement du dépistage de routine en ante mortem pourrait permettre un abattage sélectif dans certaines zones périurbaines ou dans les élevages. La connaissance de la physiopathologie de la MDCC participe à la compréhension générale des ESST, notamment sur le mode de propagation de l’agent infectieux et sur son mode de transmission. Le but de ce travail est de faire une mise au point sur la MDCC, en raison de son originalité par rapport aux ESST, surtout au moment où la France démarre
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