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Home , Crustacean, Lysmata amboinensis, Squilla empusa

Marine Science

Unit 3.10 Entry Task(s) What do you find interesting about the following organisms? Crustaceans Unit 3.10 Crustaceans Vocabulary.

• Using Chapter 10 (pgs. 240-248) of the textbook provide a definition for each term.

• Be sure to complete the vocabulary as we progress through the unit, it will be checked prior to the assessment.

Note: The “Unit 3.10 Crustaceans Vocabulary” worksheet can be located on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Guest Teacher Grab a copy of the “Christmas Island Migration” video question worksheet from the front counter.

Instructions:

• Carefully watch the video.

• Complete the questions as you find the answers in the video.

• Turn in the question worksheet at the end of the period.

Note: The “Christmas Island Crab Migration” question worksheet can be located on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Guest Teacher Christmas Island Crab Migration Documentary by The World Documentaries Archive (57:20):

Synopsis: National Geographic documentary detailing the annual migration of at Christmas Island.

Link @ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMw3MUyF3F8 Entry Task(s) How did the red crabs of Christmas Island differ from the crabs we have here around the Puget Sound?

• They did not live in the water & would drown if they were in the water too long. Crustaceans How Are & Other Crustaceans Adapted to Their Environment?

• Members of the phylum, Arthropoda (“jointed feet”).

- Numerous segmented legs or jointed .

- Locomotion & food-getting.

• Possess a tough external ().

- Made of , a carbohydrate, that varies from flexible to hard.

- Not only serves as protection, but a place where muscles attach. Crustaceans How Are Lobsters & Other Crustaceans Adapted to Their Environment?

• Those that live in marine are in the class of Crustacea (“crust” or “shell”). Crustaceans Features.

What do these two creatures have in common? Crustaceans Crustacean Features.

What do these two creatures have in common? Crustaceans Crustacean Features.

What do these two creatures have in common?

• Crustaceans.

• Hard outer covering.

• Bilateral Symmetry.

• Divided into two main segments.

- ( & chest region). - (includes the tail). Crustaceans Crustacean Features.

Cephalothorax (head & chest region).

• , exoskeleton that covers the head & .

• Head contains two pairs of , two pair of antennae, & special mouth parts.

• Thorax contains five pairs of legs; decapods (“ten legs”).

- First pair are claws used for food-getting. - Other four pairs are legs. Crustaceans Crustacean Features.

Abdomen (includes the tail).

• Some crustaceans have paddlelike appendages (swimmerets) Crustaceans How does a crustacean grow, if it is encased in a rigid exoskeleton?

By a process called molting.

• Secretes a new exoskeleton inside the old one, which splits.

• Pushes body through gap between the thorax & abdomen.

• Soft new exoskeleton gradually hardens.

- Vulnerable to predators.

https://www.shapeoflife.org/video/arthropods-blue-crab-molting Crustaceans The

• Two common :

- Northern lobster ( americas); has two large claws

- ( argus); lacks the large claws Crustaceans The Lobster

• Aggressive & often fight among themselves.

• Ability to sacrifice body part as a survival .

- Escape predators by releasing its arm from its socket.

- Arthropods can regenerate appendages.

- is of great interest to medical scientists, attempting limb regeneration in humans. Crustaceans Lobster Function Group Research

Instructions:

• In your science notebook draw the table below. • Each member of your group is responsible for their life function. (e.g. seated front right = ) • Use the textbook/internet to research your life function providing at least 4 pieces of information for each. • Share with group once complete.

Digestive System Nervous System

Circulatory System Reproduction Crustaceans The Lobster Digestive System: Nervous System:  Predators that feed on other .  Eyes mounted on moveable stalks.  Scavengers that feed on dead remains.  Two pairs of antennae to actively feel out  One-way digestive tract. environment.  Impulses carried by sensory nerves in the , or cerebral ganglia.  Responses sent by brain via ventral nerve cord to muscles in legs & abdomen.

Circulatory System: Reproduction:  Uses gills (featherlike structures) located  Sexual within water filled chamber within carapace.  Internal fertilization & external development.  Rapid beating of mouthparts creates current  Male deposits sperm into female abdomen. over gills.  Stored in chamber called seminal receptacle.  Oxygen diffuses into gills & is transported via  Female carries large mass of fertilized along with nutrients. (nearly a year) attached to swimmerets.  Blood is blue due to pigment, ,  As , embryos float as part of the contains that binds to oxygen. population.  Blood pumped by a one-chambered  As they grow they molt & develop into adults. through arteries & veins.  Open circulatory system, blood passes through tissue spaces, no capillaries. Crustaceans Complete the following pertaining to lobsters.

• Read pgs. 244-249 in the textbook.

• Complete the following section review questions in your “Section Review” worksheet.

1) How can an grow if it is enclosed in an exoskeleton?

2) How does a lobster carry out the life activity of breathing?

3) Explain why some lobsters may have one claw that is larger than the other claw. Crustaceans Why do these crabs look very different from one another?

• A great diversity exists among them due to the fact that crabs have successfully adapted to these many different habitats.

- Live everywhere, on land & in the ; from the surface waters to the great depths. Crustaceans Grab a copy of the “Present a Crab” research worksheet.

Instructions:

• Read through the section “What Are the Characteristics & of Crabs?”

• Your group will conduct research on the assigned crab species; completing the worksheet.

- Fiddler = A & E - Spider = C & G - Mole = B & F - Hermit = D & H

Note: The “Present a Crab” research worksheet can be located on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Crustaceans Structures & Life Activities of Crabs

• Read through pgs. 251-252 & answer the following in your ISN.

What is the basic body structure of most crabs?

How can you tell the difference in their ?

Describe the basic digestive system. How does this compare to other crustaceans?

How do crabs reproduce? How does this compare to the lobster? Crustaceans Complete the following pertaining to crabs.

• Read pgs. 249-253 in the textbook.

• Complete the following section review questions in your “Section Review” worksheet.

1) How is the mole crab adapted to live in the turbulent surf zone?

2) Why does the live inside an empty snail shell?

3) Why do crab species look very different from one another? Assessment MSS8-3.10 Crustaceans

• Grab a sheet of paper.

• Answer the following questions.

1) What is the process that allows crustaceans to grow called?

2) What is the part of the exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax of the lobster called?

3) Arthropods are characterized by their jointed appendages & composed of ______. Entry Task(s) What is the characteristic feature that makes crabs an arthropod?

• Jointed appendages

Based on the shape of the appendages of the crab shown, how would you describe its mode of locomotion?

• Swimming & walking Graphic Organizer & Other Smaller Crustaceans Graphic Organizer

Instructions:

• Read through the introduction to the graphic organizer.

• Using pgs. 253-255 of the textbook, fill in the graphic organizer with crustacean information.

Note: The “Shrimp & Other Smaller Crustaceans ” graphic organizer can be located on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Entry Task(s) What is the function of the structure labeled A?

• Sensitivity

What abdominal structures are not shared between lobsters & crabs?

• Swimmerets Crustaceans Shrimp

• Look somewhat like small versions of lobsters.

Pink Gulf Shrimp (Panaeus duorarum)

• 17 cm long. • Caught for the industry.

Common Shore Shrimp ( vulgaris)

• Live among grasses & seaweed. • Scavenges on dead plant matter & other organic debris. Crustaceans Shrimp

Mantis Shrimp ( empusa)

• Largest of the shrimp, 25 cm long. • in sand & mud. • Uses spiny front appendages to spear worms & small .

Pacific ( amboinensis)

• One of the smallest shrimp. • Tiny & colorful. • Survives by eating parasites found on the skin of reef shrimp.

- Symbiotic relationship Crustaceans ()

• Most abundant of the crustaceans (> 1000 species). • Eats mainly diatoms. • Forms the vast bulk of the oceanic . • Reproduce sexually.

Krill ()

• Shrimplike , 5 cm long. • 10 legs. • Most live in Antarctic waters • Eats diatoms. • Planktonic that floats in large masses near the ’s surface. • Principle food source of filter-feeding (baleen) . Crustaceans Amphipods

• Found near the edge of the sea, living in or on a substrate. • Look like tiny shrimp, but flattened from side to side.

Scud ()

• Bottom-dwelling crustacean. • Feeds on small invertebrates.

Beach ()

• Found under moist seaweed. • Uses seaweed as both cover & food. Crustaceans Isopods

Sea Roach ()

• Resembles land dwelling pill bugs. • Swims & crawls among seaweed. • Feeds on algae. • Active at night & hides during the day.

Other Species

• Flattened bodies & seven pairs of legs. • Parasitic, attached to the gills & skin of fish. Crustaceans

• Often mistaken for a mollusk.

Acorn, or rock, ()

• attached to rocks & other hard surfaces.

- Ship’s hull to a ’s skin.

- hinders ship’s ability to move smoothly & quickly.

• Contains overlapping, sharp calcium carbonate plates.

Pg. 257 Crustaceans Structures & & Life Life Activities Activities of Barnaclesof

• Animal is actually folded up within .its shell.

• Plates open to allow six pairs of feathery- appendages (legs - cirri) to protrude.

Feeding (filter feeders)

• Cirri used to capture & food particles.

• One-way digestive tract.

Pg. 258 Crustaceans Structures & & Life Life Activities Activities of Barnaclesof

Gas Exchange.Exchange

• Dissolved oxygen swept into barnacle via cirri.

• occurs across the skin membrane.

• When exposed to air, overlapping plates close.

- Retain moisture.

Pg. 258 Crustaceans Structures & & Life Life Activities Activities of Barnaclesof

Reproduction

• Each barnacle contains both ovaries & testes • ().

- Self-fertilization does not occur.

• Penis inserted into neighboring barnacle.

• Internal fertilization & development.

• Swimming larvae shed into water.

Pg. 258 Crustaceans Structures & & Life Life Activities Activities of Barnaclesof

Reproduction

• Larvae live among the plankton population.

• Find a suitable substrate, near other barnacles.

• Attach by secreting glue from special glands.

• Develop into adults.

Pg. 258 Crustaceans Structures & & Life Life Activities Activities of Barnaclesof

Gooseneck ()

• Live in clusters among beds.

• Bend with the current to capture large plankton that drift by.

• Six pairs of cirri extend from stalk.

- Enables them to compete with for living space & food.

Pg. 258 Crustaceans Complete the following pertaining to diverse other crustaceans.

• Read pgs. 253-259 in the textbook.

• Complete the following section review questions in your “Section Review” worksheet.

1) Describe three methods of food-getting in ?

2) Why are & copepods important members of the plankton population?

3) How do barnacles become encrusted on substrates, such as the hull of a ship? Entry Task(s) Grab a copy of the “Research: Getting a Grip on the Barnacle” from the front counter.

• Read the article thoroughly, highlighting or underlining key information about barnacles.

• Answer the questions following the article.

Note: The “Research: Getting a Grip on the Barnacle” worksheet can be located on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6827 Assessment MSS8-3.10 Crustaceans Assessment_02

• Grab a copy of the assessment.

• Only using your knowledge of what you have learned complete the assessment.

• Once complete, raise your hand so I can collect your paper. Crustaceans The (Limulu )

• Often mistaken for a crab, but not a true crab.

- Lack antennae & mouthparts

- Has six pairs of legs, or appendages.

• More closely related to spiders & scorpions.

- Placed in the class, Merostomata.

Pg. 260 Crustaceans The Horseshoe Crab (Limulu polyphemus)

• Feeds on small mollusks & crustaceans, & scavenging on dead matter.

• Has four eyes located on top of its carapace.

- Two simple eyes

- Two compound eyes, with many visual units for better vision. Crustaceans Structures & Life Activities of Horseshoe Crabs

Pg. 260 Crustaceans Structures & Life Activities of Horseshoe Crabs

• Legs, appendages, are located on the underside (ventral)

- First two pair are pinching claws (chelicerae).

- In males, first claw shaped like a boxing glove.

- Next five are walking legs.

• Body & legs covered by a dome carapace. Crustaceans Structures & Life Activities of Horseshoe Crabs

• Book gills, numerous overlapping membranes behind the legs.

- Resemble pages in a book.

- Breathing & locomotion.

- Movement enables larvae to swim upside down.

• Contains copper-based hemocyanin in blood for transporting oxygen. Crustaceans Structures & Life Activities of Horseshoe Crabs

• Long spiked tail () used for locomotion, not as a weapon.

- When tossed by a wave, it sticks its telson into the sand & uses it as a lever to flip[ itself over.

Pg. 260 Crustaceans Life Cycle of the Horseshoe Crab

• In late spring, females congregate at the high tide mark.

- Carrying smaller males clutched to their backs.

• Dig holes in the sand & lay hundreds of tiny pale green eggs

• Males, still attached to female, externally fertilize the eggs.

• In two weeks, eggs hatch & swimming juveniles are carried out to sea by the tide.

• A month they develop spike tails. Crustaceans Life Cycle of the Horseshoe Crab

• In a month they develop spike tails.

• As they continue to grow, their outer skin hardens to form the carapace.

• Reach sexual maturity in eight years.

• Live as long as 20 years.

• Fossils show this animal has not changed very much in more than 400 million years.

- Described as a “.” Crustaceans Complete the following pertaining to diverse other crustaceans.

• Read pgs. 259-262 in the textbook.

• Complete the following section review questions in your “Section Review Questions” worksheet.

1) Why is the horseshoe crab not classified as a true crab?

2) Explain why the horseshoe crab is considered a living fossil.

3) Why are mosquitoes classified as arthropods, along with such animals as lobsters? Crustaceans Unit 3.10 Review.

• Pgs. 263-266 in the textbook.

• Answer Chapter 10 Review questions 1-25 on the worksheet provided.

- You will need to write in the answers from the textbook.

• Pages have been scanned & loaded as an assignment in google classroom (“MSS8-3.10 Assessment Review”).