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Organizational Identity and the Nature of Stakeholder Relationships in the Blended Age of Organizing by JULIE A. LANGER B.A., No

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Organizational Identity and the Nature of Stakeholder Relationships in the Blended Age of Organizing by JULIE A. LANGER B.A., No Organizational Identity and the Nature of Stakeholder Relationships in the Blended Age of Organizing BY JULIE A. LANGER B.A., North Park University, 2004 M.P.A. University of Illinois – Chicago, 2011 THESIS Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Administration in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Chicago, 2018 Chicago, Illinois Defense Committee: Dr. Kelly LeRoux, Chair and Advisor, Public Administration Dr. Mary Feeney, Arizona State University Dr. Shelley Brickson, Business Administration Dr. James Thompson, Public Administration Dr. Michael Siciliano, Public Administration To Ava and Mason. Thank you for bringing perspective into my life, and for allowing me to realize my most cherished identity as your mother. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the members of my dissertation committee Dr. Kelly LeRoux, Dr. Mary Feeney, Dr. Shelley Brickson, Dr. Michael Siciliano and Dr. James Thompson for their guidance, mentorship, and inspiration during my years as a graduate student. Each one of them has played a key role in my development as a scholar and over the years has shown concern not only for my research, but for me as a person. I owe a special thanks to both my committee chair, Dr. Kelly LeRoux and Dr. Mary Feeney. Dr. LeRoux has been a supporter in every sense of the word. For every opportunity given, question answered, word of encouragement offered and anxiety assuaged, I am truly grateful. My academic development is a direct result of both her kindness and the countless hours and critical assessments she has invested in my work. I am also tremendously grateful for the guidance and mentorship that Dr. Mary Feeney has provided me throughout many years. She took me under her wing early on, inspired me to work extremely hard and invested so much in my development as a scholar. I am truly lucky to have such intelligent and strong women as both mentors and friends. I would also like to thank my parents who early on instilled in me a love for learning, told me I could be anything I wanted to be, and made me believe it. Finally, I would like to thank my husband Timothy McCarthy for making the world a place where being anything I wanted to be, could actually become a reality. Thank you for supporting me and our life over the last decade. “Thankful” does not begin to describe my gratitude for your patience, support and vision. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary ........................................................................................................................................ ix Chapter 1 - Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 1. Background ............................................................................................................................. 1 2. Statement of the Problem ........................................................................................................ 6 3. Study Significance................................................................................................................. 13 4. Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 18 5. Summary of Subsequent Chapters ........................................................................................ 21 Chapter 2 - Organizing in a New Economy: Isomorphism, Sector Blurring and Implications for Identity Orientation ....................................................................................................................... 24 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 24 2. The Changing Nature of Organizing: A Macro-Level Perspective...................................... 28 3. Conforming to the “Norm”: Organizational Isomorphism in the New Economy................. 36 4. Identity at Risk? Sector Blurring and the Marketization Debate .......................................... 47 5. Organizational Identity Orientation and the Nature of Stakeholder Relationships ............... 55 Hypothesis #1: ....................................................................................................................... 59 Hypothesis #2: ....................................................................................................................... 62 Chapter 3 - Variability or Homogeneity: A Population and Sub-Population Perspective on Organizational Identity Orientation .............................................................................................. 64 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 64 2. Industry, Insularity and Implications for Identity Orientation: A Population Level Perspective ................................................................................................................................ 68 Hypothesis #3: ....................................................................................................................... 76 3. Audiences, Expectations and Implications for Identity Orientation: A Sub-Population Perspective ................................................................................................................................ 76 Hypothesis #4: ....................................................................................................................... 82 Hypothesis #5: ....................................................................................................................... 86 Chapter 4 - Research Design and Methodology ........................................................................... 87 1. Overview ............................................................................................................................... 87 2. Research Methodology and Study Design ............................................................................ 87 Purpose and Methodology ..................................................................................................... 87 Survey Design........................................................................................................................ 89 3. Survey Administration, Sample Characteristics and Preliminary Results ............................ 97 Phase 1 ................................................................................................................................... 98 Phase 2 ................................................................................................................................. 108 iv 4. Overview of Analytic Methods ........................................................................................... 113 Chapter 5 – Development of the Measurement Models ............................................................. 117 1. Overview ............................................................................................................................. 117 2. Scale Development (Phase 1) .............................................................................................. 117 3. Scale Development (Phase 2) .............................................................................................. 122 Pretest 1 ............................................................................................................................... 125 Pretest 2 ............................................................................................................................... 131 Final Scale Development Procedures .................................................................................. 136 Tests of Convergent and Discriminant Validity .................................................................. 140 Chapter 6 – Results of Hypothesized Relationships ................................................................... 145 1. Sector Level Analysis of OIO ............................................................................................. 145 2. Population Level Analysis of OIO ...................................................................................... 153 3. Sub-Population Level Analysis of OIO .............................................................................. 165 4. Using Predictive Models to Examine the Nature of OIO .................................................... 171 Chapter 7 – Summary and Implications...................................................................................... 184 1. Summary .......................................................................................................................... 184 2. Major Findings and Contributions ................................................................................... 187 3. Conclusions and Paths for Future Research..................................................................... 194 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................ 202 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 258 v LIST OF TABLES TABLE I: COMPONENTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY ORIENTATION ................. 4 TABLE II: CORE COMPONENTS OF SERVICE-ORIENTED ORGANIZATION................. 79 TABLE III: TIMELINE OF ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY ORIENTATION STUDY
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