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The Sea: Its Stirring Story of Adventure, Peril, & Heroism The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Sea: Its Stirring Story of Adventure, Peril, & Heroism. Volume 2 by Frederick Whymper This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: The Sea: Its Stirring Story of Adventure, Peril, & Heroism. Volume 2 Author: Frederick Whymper Release Date: April 1, 2012 [Ebook 39342] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SEA: ITS STIRRING STORY OF ADVENTURE, PERIL, & HEROISM. VOLUME 2*** THE NAVAL FLAGS OF THE WORLD. THE SEA Its Stirring Story of Adventure, Peril, & Heroism. BY F. WHYMPER, AUTHOR OF “TRAVELS IN ALASKA,” ETC. v ILLUSTRATED. ** CASSELL PETTER &GALPIN: LONDON, PARIS & NEW YORK. [ALL RIGHTS RESERVED] [iii] CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. THE HISTORY OF SHIPS AND SHIPPING INTER- PAGE ESTS (continued). Extent of the Subject—The First American 1 Colony—Hostilities with the Indians—117 Settlers Missing—Raleigh’s Search for El Dorado—Little or no Gold discovered—2,000 Spaniards engage in an- other Search—Disastrous Results—Dutch Rivalry with the English—Establishment of two American Trad- ing Companies—Of the East India Company—Their first Great Ship—Enormous Profits of the Ven- ture—A Digression—Officers of the Company in Mod- ern Times—Their Grand Perquisites—Another Naval Hero—Monson a Captain at Eighteen—His appreci- ation of Stratagem—An Eleven Hours’ hand-to-hand Contest—Out of Water at Sea—Monson two years a Galley Slave—Treachery of the Earl of Cumber- land—The Cadiz Expedition—Cutting out a Treasure Ship—Prize worth £200,000—James I. and his Great Ship—Monson as Guardian of the Narrow Seas—After the British Pirates—One of their Haunts—A Novel Scheme—Monson as a Pirate himself—Meeting of the sham and real Pirates—Capture of a Num- ber—Frightened into Penitence—Another caught by a ruse CHAPTER II. Contents vii THE HISTORY OF SHIPS AND SHIPPING INTER- ESTS (continued). Charles I. and Ship Money—Improvements 28 made by him in the Navy—His great Ship, the Royal Sovereign—The Navigation Laws of Cromwell—Consequent War with the Dutch—Capture of Grand Spanish Prizes—Charles II. seizes 130 Dutch Ships—Van Tromp and the Action at Harwich—De Ruyter in the Medway and Thames—Peace—War with France—La Hogue—Peter the Great and his Naval Studies—Visit to Sar- dam—Difficulty of remaining incognito—Cooks his own Food—His Assiduity and Earnestness—A kind- hearted Barbarian—Gives a Grand Banquet and Fête—Conveyed to England—His stay at Evelyn’s Place—Studies at Deptford—Visits Palaces and Public- houses—His Intemperance—Presents the King with a £10,000 Ruby—Engages numbers of English Me- chanics—Return to Russia—Rapid increase in his Navy—Determines to Build St. Petersburg—Arrivals of the First Merchantmen—Splendid Treatment of their Captains—Law’s Mississippi Scheme and the South Sea Bubble—Two Nations gone Mad—The “Bubble” to pay the National Debt—Its one Solitary Ship—Noble and Plebeian Stockbrokers—Rise and Fall of the Bub- ble—Directors made to Disgorge CHAPTER III. THE HISTORY OF SHIPS AND SHIPPING INTER- ESTS (continued). viiiThe Sea: Its Stirring Story of Adventure, Peril, & Heroism. Volume 2 A Grand Epoch of Discovery—Anson’s Voy- 45 age—Difficulties of manning the Fleet—Five Hundred Invalided Pensioners drafted—The Spanish Squadron under Pizarro—Its Disastrous Voyage—One Ves- sel run ashore—Rats at Four Dollars each—A Man-of-war held by eleven Indians—Anson at the Horn—Fearful Outbreak of Scurvy—Ashore at Robin- son Crusoe’s Island—Death of two-thirds of the Crews—Beauty of Juan Fernandez—Loss of the Wa- ger—Drunken and Insubordinate Crew—Attempt to blow up the Captain—A Midshipman shot—Desertion of the Ship’s Company—Prizes taken by Anson—His Humanity to Prisoners—The Gloucester abandoned at Sea—Delightful Stay at Tinian—The Centurion blown out to Sea—Despair of those on Shore—Its safe Return—Capture of the Manilla Galleon—A hot Fight—Prize worth a Million and a half Dol- lars—Return to England CHAPTER IV. THE HISTORY OF SHIPS AND SHIPPING INTER- ESTS (continued). Contents ix Progress of the American Colonies—Great Preva- 62 lence of Piracy—Numerous Captures and Execu- tions—A Proclamation of Pardon—John Theach, or “Black Beard”—A Desperate Pirate—Hand- and-glove with the Governor of North Car- olina—Pretends to accept the King’s Pardon—A Blind—His Defeat and Death—Unwise Legislation and consequent Irritation—The Stamp Act—The Tea Tax—Enormous Excitement—Tea-chests thrown into Boston Harbour—Determined Attitude of the American Colonists—The Boston Port Bill—Its Ef- fects—Sympathy of all America—The final Rup- ture—England’s Wars to the end of the Cen- tury—Nelson and the Nile—Battle of Copenhagen CHAPTER V. THE HISTORY OF SHIPS AND SHIPPING INTER- ESTS (continued). Early Paddle-boats—Worked by Animal 77 Power—Blasco de Garay’s Experiment—Solomon de Caus—David Ramsey’s Engines—The Marquis of Worcester—A Horse-boat—Boats worked by Wa- ter—By Springs—By Gunpowder—Patrick Miller’s Triple Vessel—Double Vessels worked by Cap- stans—The First Practical Steam-boat—Symington’s Engines—The Second Steamer—The Charlotte Dundas—American Enterprise—James Rumsey’s Oar-boats worked by Steam—Poor Fitch—Before his Age—Robert Fulton—His Torpedo Experi- ments—Wonderful Submarine Boat—Experiments at Brest and Deal—His first Steam-boat—Breaks in Pieces—Trip of the Clermont, the first American Steamer—Opposition to his Vessels—A Pendulum Boat—The first Steam War-ship—Henry Bell’s Comet xThe Sea: Its Stirring Story of Adventure, Peril, & Heroism. Volume 2 CHAPTER VI. THE HISTORY OF SHIPS AND SHIPPING INTER- ESTS (continued). The Clyde and its Ship-building Interests—From 97 Henry Bell to Modern Ship-builders—The First Royal Naval Steamer—The First regular Sea-going Steamer—The Revolution in Ship-building—The Iron Age—“Will Iron Float?”—The Invention of the Screw-propeller—Ericsson, Smith, and Wood- croft—American ’Cuteness—Captain Stockton and his Boat—The First Steamer to Cross the At- lantic—Voyages of the Sirius and Great West- ern—The International Struggle—The Collins and Cu- nard Lines—Fate of the Arctic—The Pacific never heard of more—Why the Cunard Company has been Successful—Splendid Discipline on board their Ves- sels—The Fleets that leave the Mersey CHAPTER VII. THE HISTORY OF SHIPS AND SHIPPING INTER- ESTS (continued). A Contrast—Floating Palaces and “Coffin- 112 ships”—Mr. Plimsoll’s Appeal—His Philan- thropic Efforts—Use of Old Charts—Badly-constructed Ships—A Doomed Ship—Owner’s Gains by her Loss—A Sensible Deserter—Overloading—The Wid- ows and Fatherless—Other Risks of the Sailor’s Life—Scurvy—Improper Cargoes—“Unclassed Ves- sels”—“Lloyd’s” and its History CHAPTER VIII. THE HISTORY OF SHIPS AND SHIPPING INTER- ESTS (continued.) Contents xi The Largest Ship in the World—History of the 129 Great Eastern—Why she was Built—Brunel and Scott Russell—Story of the Launch—Powerful Machin- ery Employed—Christened by Miss Hope—Failure to move her more than a few feet—A Sad Accident—Launching by Inches—Afloat at last—Dimensions—Accommodations—The Grand Sa- loon—The Paddle-wheel and Screw Engines—First Sea Trip—Speed—In her first Gale—Serious Ex- plosion on Board off Hastings—Proves a fine Sea- boat—Drowning of her Captain and others—First Transatlantic Voyage—Defects in Boilers and Machin- ery—Behaves splendidly in mid-ocean—Grand Re- ception in New York—Subsequent Trips—Used as a Troop-ship to Canada—Carried out 2,600 Soldiers—An eventful Passenger Trip—Caught in a Cyclone Hurri- cane—Her Paddles almost wrenched away—Rudder Disabled—Boats carried away—Shifting of Heavy Cargo—The Leviathan a Gigantic Waif on the Ocean—Return to Cork CHAPTER IX. THE HISTORY OF SHIPS AND SHIPPING INTER- ESTS (continued). xiiThe Sea: Its Stirring Story of Adventure, Peril, & Heroism. Volume 2 The Ironclad Question—One of the Topics of 138 the Day—What is to be their Value in War- fare?—Story of the Dummy Ironclad—Two real Ironclads vanquished by it—Experience on board an American Monitor—Visit of the Miantonoma to St. John’s—Her Tour round the World—Her Turrets and interior Arrangements—Firing off the Big Guns—Inside the Turret—“Prepare!”—Effects of the Firing—A Boatswain’s-mate’s Opinion—The Monitor goes round the World safely—Few of the Original American Ironclads left—English Ironclads—The Warrior—Various Types—Iron- built—Wood-built—Wood-covered—The Greatest Re- sult yet attained, the Inflexible—Circular Iron- clads—The “Garde Côtes”—Cost of Ironclads—The Torpedo Question—The Marquis of Worcester’s In- ventions—Bishop Wilkins’ Subaqueous Ark—Fulton’s Experiments—A Frightened Audience—A Hulk Blown Up—Government Aid to Fulton—The Argus and her “Crinoline”—Torpedoes successfully foiled—Their use during the American War—Brave Lieut. Cushing—The Albemarle Destroyed—Modern Torpedoes: the “Lay;” the “Whitehead”—Probable Manner of using in an En- gagement—The Ram and its Power CHAPTER X. THE LIGHTHOUSE AND ITS HISTORY. Contents xiii The Lighthouse—Our most noted one in Danger—The 156 Eddystone Undermined—The Ancient History of Light- houses—The Pharos of Alexandria—Roman Light Towers at Boulogne and Dover—Fire-beacons and Pitch-pots—The Tower of Cordouan—The First Ed- dystone Lighthouse—Winstanley and his Eccentric- ities—Difficulties of Building his Wooden Struc- ture—Resembles a Pagoda—The Structure Swept away with its Inventor—Another Silk Mercer in the Field—Rudyerd’s Lighthouse—Built of Wood—Stood for Fifty Years—Creditable Action of Louis XIV.—Lighthouse Keeper alone with a Corpse—The Horrors of a Month—Rudyerd’s Tower destroyed by Fire—Smeaton’s Early History—Employed to Build the present Eddystone—Resolves on a Stone Tower—Employment of “Dove-tailing” in Ma- sonry—Difficulties of Landing on the Rock—Peril incurred by the Workmen—The First Season’s Work—Smeaton always in the Post of Dan- ger—Watching the Rock from Plymouth Hoe—The Last Season—Vibrations of the Tower in a Storm—Has stood for 120 years—Joy of the Mariner when “The Eddystone’s in Sight!”—Lights in the English Channel CHAPTER XI.
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