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September 1994

Taxonomic synopsis of the Old World asopine genera (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae )

Donald B. Thomas USDA-ARS Subtropical Agriculture Research Laboratory

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Thomas, Donald B., "Taxonomic synopsis of the Old World asopine genera (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae )" (1994). Insecta Mundi. 296. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/296

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994 145

Taxonomic synopsis of the Old World asopine genera (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae )

Donald B. Thomas USDA-ARS SubtropicalAgriculture Research Laboratory 2301 S. InternationalBoulevard Weslaco, Texas 78596

Abstract The subfamily Asopinae ofthe stinkbug family Pentatomidae is revised for the Old World with a key to the genera and a review of the species with nomenclatural changes. The genus Tahitocoris is removed from the Asopinae and placed tentatively with the Podopinae. The genus Breddiniellais reduced to a synonym ofCazira. The genus Incitatus is reduced to a synonym ofMartinina. The genus Platynopus is divided into three genera by the restriction of Platynopus to include only five Indo- Pacific species; the elevation of the subgenus Montrouzieriellusto the level offull genus, and the erection ofanewgenus Platynopiellus forthe African species formerly placed in Platynopus. Anew genusAustra2ojallais erected for Jalla uersicolor.The genera Cantheconidea and Eocanthecona are defined and their respective species aligned in concordance with their definitions. Fourteen species are thus transferred from Cantheconidea to Eocanthecona creating the following new combinations: Eocanthecona japanicola, Eocanthecona binotata, Eocanthecona latipes, Eocanthecona &is, Eocanthecona neotib ialis, Eocanthecona ornatula, Eocanthecona parua, Eocanthecona plebeja, Eocanthecona robusta, Eocanthecona rufescens, Eocanthecona shikokuensis, Eocanthecona thomsoni, Eocanthecona tibialis, and Eocanthecona uollenhoueni. Eocanthecona migratoria is transferred to the genus Afrius creating the new combination Afrius migratorius. Also, Canthecona populusi is transferred to Eocanthecona giving the new combination Eocantheconapopulusi. Anasida ikrami is transferred to the genus Pseudanasidagiving the new combination Pseudanasidaikrami. Afriusdiscolorglypsoidesisplaced in synonymy under Cantheconadiscolor. Asopus rufus is synonymized under Amyotea malabarica. Arma neocusta and Arma neoinsperata are synony- mized under Arma custos.

KEY WORDS: Pentatomidae, Stinkbugs, Asopinae.

Introduction in Florida by the USDA, as a predator of harmful The subfamily Asopinae of the Heteropteran lepidopterous larvae, but the species apparently family Pentatomidae has as its defining synapo- failed to establish (Henry & Froeschner 1988). morphy a crassate rostrum, which is an adaptation Biological studies of these predators have been for predation on other insects (Gapud 1991). The hampered by the lack of a means for their identi- Asopinae are also characterized by the combination fication. I have recently published keys for determi- of parandria (genital plates), with a thecal shield in nation of the New World genera and species (Tho- the male terminalia. Parandria and thecal shields mas 1992). There are at present no keys for identi- occur in other pentatomids, but not in combination fication of the Old World species outside of the more (McDonald 1966). Because of their entomophagous developed countries of Europe and Asia. For a lack predilections, with some economic pests included of adequate study material, I can only partially among their prey, several species of asopines are of remedy this situation. I have been able to study acknowledged importance as biological control representatives of all of the Old World genera, agents. An American species, Perillus bioculatus including the majority of the describedspecies. I am (F.), was htroduced into eastern Europe where it thus able to provide diagnoses and keys for the Old has had some success in the control of the Colorado World genera, with an annotated list of the de- Potato Beetle (Jasic 1975). A southeast Asian spe- scribed species, andhopefully this will spur generic cies, Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff),was released level revisionary studies by regional experts in the future. 146 Insecta Mundi

The one available taxonomic work on this sub- 3. IncitatusDistant =MartininaSchouteden; NEW family of insects is the review of the asopine genera SYNONYMY. published early in this century by Henri Schouteden Schouteden's monograph included the descrip- (1907b). Schouteden recognized 40 asopine genera tion of a monotypic genus from Tibet which he in the Old World fauna, of which two are considered named Martinia Schouteden, later emended to synonyms by the present study. The following no- Martinina. A few months later William L. Distant menclatural changes are enumerated. (1908) published a description of a genus, from India, naming it Incitatus. Presumably, the two 1. Gordonerius Distant = Perillus (Herrich- authors were unaware of each others specimens Schaeffer).- and pending descriptions. The published diagnoses Gordonerius Distant was based on a do not indicate any meaningful difference between misiden ti6ed specimen of a Mexican species, Perillus these and I consider them to be synonymous at the confluens (Herrich-Schaeffer). The specimen bore a generic level. I was able to examine the female type label, "Abyss." which was interpreted by Francis specimen of Incitatusprimus Distant in the British Walker (1867) to indicate Abyssinia (=Ethiopia) Museum. However, my requests to borrow (Thomas 1992). And, while the genus Perillus Stdl Schouteden material from the Musee Royal du did not occur naturally in the Old World, it does Congo Belge have not met with success. The de- now because of its introduction into eastern Eu- scriptions do indicate a difference in the length of rope, and I have therefore included this genus in the ruga attending the scent gland orifice which the key and text which follows. would support the presumption that the specimens might represent different species. I therefore rel- 2. Breddiniella Schouteden = Cazira Amyot & egate Incitatus to the synonymy ofMartininawhile Serville, NEW SYNONYMY.- withholding judgement on the status of the species. The genus Breddiniella Schouteden, was erected to hold a single species, B. insignis 4. Australojalla Thomas, a new genus for Jalloides Schouteden. Schouteden (1907b) used the name versicolor Distant. Breddiniella in the text of his revision, but in an Schouteden (1907b) erected the genus Jalloides uncommon lapse, used the name Paracazira Schouteden to hold an Australian species that had Schouteden for the same insect in his key to the been described by Stdl (1870) as Jalla rubricosa genera. Breddiniella and Paracazira are among a Stbl. Subsequently, Distant (1911) described two plethora of names including Acicazira Hsiao & additional species, also from Australia. One of these, Zheng, Teratocazira Breddin and Metacazira however, Jalloides versicolor Distant, differs sub- Schouteden, derived from the older genus name stantially in morphologicalcharacter from the other Cazira Amyot & Serville. I can find no justification two, and I am compelled to separate it as a new for the continued segregation of these nominal genus, AustralojallaThomas, which is described in entities from the more inclusive taxon Cazira. The the text that follows. authors of these names were evidently impressed by the substantial, but largely superficial differ- 5. Cantheconidea Schouteden and Eocanthecona ences in these taxa from the type species for the Bergroth, defined. genus, Cazira verrucosa Amyot & Serville. The Subsequent to the publication of Schouteden's individual species are quitevariable with respect to revision, several changes in generic nomenclature the form and number of gibbosities, spines and appeared. Schouteden's genus Cantheconidea was excresences protruding from their pronota, legs divided by him into two species groups: A, con- and abdominal margins. Basedon the examination taining the type species C. javana (Dallas), with the of approximately twenty specific representativesof metastemum modified to embrace the rostrum; this genus, I am not able to recognize patterns of and B, species without this modification. Ewald relationship as the cause of the variation in these Bergroth (1915) formally proposed Eocanthecona characters. Metacazira and Teratocazira were con- for species group B. However, other than Bergroth's sidered by Schoukclen (1907b) to be subgenera of designation of E. furcellata Wolff as the type spe- Cazira. Acicazira was dueed to synonymy under cies of Eocanthecona and Schouteden's selection of Cazira by Zheng & Liu (198T&), a referral with C. javana as the type of Cantheconidea, neither which I am obviously in accord and to which I author indicated which species of Cantheconidea nominate Breddiniella as well. constituted group B, and which would therefore be Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994 transferred to Eocanthecona Bergroth. While I cannot vouch for the reliability of all species determi- 8. Platynopus Amyot & Serville restricted. nations in the absence of a revisionary study, I have In the course of his dissertation work, which seen identified material representing all but a few was a phylogenetic (cladistic) analysis of the aso- of the described species. Based on the studied pine genera, Victor Gapud (1975) examined and material and relying on the original descriptions determined a great deal of mounted material. I for the others I can place six species in have run across much of this material in my own Cantheconidea, and 2 1 in Eocanthecona using the studies and have noted his use of a manuscript defining character of the metasternum. Bergroth genus name for certain African asopines formerly indicated in the same publication that one species, identifiedin the genus Platynopus Amyot & Serville. Cantheconidea chrysopterus (Herrich-Schaeffer) In anticipation of the eventualpublication ofGapud's from Guam, could not be placed in either genus. cladistic studies, and in order to avoid the pub- Herbert Ruckes (1960) subsequently provided a lished appearance of conflicting names, I have new genus name Bulbostethus Ruckes to hold this elected to use his name, Platynopiellus for the species. Ruckes (1963) later described another new African members of the genus. In fact, I have genus Ponapea for an unusually long-leggedasopine determined that the name Platynopus should be from the south Pacific Caroline Islands. restricted to a few southeast Asian species. The Australian and south Pacific species properly be- 6. Tahitocoris Yang, excluded from Asopinae. long to aseparate taxon Montrouzieriellus Kirkaldy, Another unusual south PacXic stinkbug was which I consider to be a distinct and valid genus. described from the island of Tahiti by We Yang (1935) as Tahitocoris cheesmanae Yang. Yang de- With the accumulation of nomenclatural and scribed this insect as representing a new family of revisionary changes since the publication of Schou- Hemiptera. Miller (1971) placed it in the Asopinae, teden's (1907b) monograph, along with the addi- apparently on the basis ofits having theoralbucculae tions and deletions proposed herein, the Old World united posteriorly. Kirkaldy (1909a) had cited this component of the Asopinae is now comprised of 43 character as a unifying feature of the asopines. How- recognizable genera and 187 nominate species. ever, as I pointed out in my earlier monograph, the bucculae are united in many edessines and even an Materials occassional pentatornine. On examining Yang's fe- The specimens of asopines that were the basis for male type specimen I found that the rostrum is not this study were made available by numerous indi- crassate, and that the insect is thereforenot assign- viduals to whom I am deeply indebted. Those indi- able to the Asopinae. Its true placement is problem- viduals and their institutions are: J.E. Chemsak, atic, the more so because the beast is apterous and University of California, Berkeley; W.C. Chamber- lacks ocelli. After conferring with my colleague Will- lain, Kerrville, TX; J. Deckert, Museum Naturkunde iam R. Dolling, and largely at his suggestion, I Humboldt Universitat, Berlin; W.R. Dolling, Brit- propose the transfer of the genus Tahitocoris, tribe ish Museum Natural History; J.E. Eger, Dow- Tahitocorini, to the subfamily Podopinae. It has the Elanco Corporation, Tampa; R.C. Froeschner, pedunculate eyes and general aspect of a podopine. United States National Museum, Natural History, Miller (197 1) provides a figure of this unusual bug. Washington D.C.; C.L. Hogue, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History; T.H. Henry, USDA- 7. Parastrachia Distant is not an asopine. ARS Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Washing- The Asian genus Parastrachia Distant was ton D.C.; P. Lindskog, Swedish Museum Natural originally placed in the Asopinae, but was trans- History, Stockholm; A.E. Newton, Field Museum ferred to the Cydnidae by Schaefer et al. (1988). I Natural History, Chicago; N.D. Penney, California mention this genus only because one of the coau- Academy of Sciences, San Franciso; J.E. Rawlins, thors of the latter paper (Dolling) has mentioned to Carnegie Museum Natural History, Pittsburgh; me that he has strong reservations about the present D.A. Rider, North Dakota State University, Fargo; arrangement. In an unpublished dissertation, Vic- L. H. Rolston , Louisiana State University, Baton tor Gapud (1975) suggested that Parastrachia be- Rouge; R.T. Schuh, American Museum Natural longed in the Urostylidae. Having examinedspwi- History, New York; M.D. Schwartz, Canadian Na- mens of Parastrachia I can only reaffirm that it is not an asopine. Insecta Mundi tional Collection of Insects, Arachnids &Nematodes, Humeral anglesobtuse or prominent but not later- Ottawa. ally produced ...... 12 I am especially grateful to Larry Rolston, Dave Rider, Joe Eger, Tom Henry, Carl Schaefer, George Exocorium pale, calloused .. Andrallus Bergroth Exocorium concolorous with rest of corium ...... Byers and Bill Dolling for assistance in acquiring ...... Picromerus (pars) copies of the historic literature pertinent to the Old World Pentatomidae. Special thanks are due Mrs. Dorsum with pale median stripe and large pale Amy Rubink for translations of articles in Chinese spots at basal angles of scutellum . Jalla Hahn script. Dorsum uniformly black ...... Pseudanasida Schouteden Key to the Old World asopine genera Frenal margin of scutellum much shorter than post-frenal portion of scutellum (Fig. 3 1) ...... 1. Eyes well separated from anterior border of the ...... Blachia Walker pronotum (figs. 7-8); head about as long as the Frenal margin of scutellum longerthan post-frenal pronotum except in Leptolobus which has dilate portion of scutellum ...... 14 juga (fig. 34) ...... 2 - Eyes proximal to anterior border of the pronotum; head rarely as long as pronotum and the juga Basal abdominal tubercle bifid or sulcate (fig. 6) never dilate ...... 5 ...... Glypsus Dallas Basal abdominal tubercle simple (figs. 4-5) ..... 15

2. Profemora bearing a distinct spine subapically Basal abdominal spine long, reaching or surpass- (figs. 2-3) ...... 3 - ing mesocoxae (fig 5) ...... 16 Profemora unarmed ...... Stilbotes Stll Basal abdominal spine not reaching mesocoxae (fig. 4) ...... 18 3. Head as long as pronotum, juga not dilate ...... 4 - Head not as long as pronotum, juga notably dilate Basal abdominal spine just reaching mesocoxae; ...... Leptolobus Signoret protibiae foliate ..... Platynopiellus New Genus Basal abdominal spine clearly exceeding 4. Protibiae dilate (fig. 2) ...... Cecyrina Walker mesocoxae; protibiae modestly dilate ...... 17 - Protibiae not dilate (fig. 3) ...... Ponapea Ruckes Abdominal spine strongly compressed, keeled; 5. Profemora with anteapical tubercle or spine (of- mottled brown species ... Macrorhaphis Dallas ten minute in Andrallus) (figs. 2-3) ...... 6 Abdominal spine not compressed, terete; metallic - Profemora unarmed ...... 30 green or blue species .... Damarius Schouteden 6. Base of scutellum with conspicuous, gibbosity(s), Juga longer than tylus and meeting in front (fig. tubercles or spines (fig. 15) .... Cazira Amyot & 38) ...... Pinthaeus Stll Serville Jugae little longer than tylus and not convex .19 - Scutellum without conspicuous excresences ..... 7 Fourth rostral segment much longer than third 7. Abdominal venter without free basal spine or ...... Australojalla New Genus tubercle, though there may be a basal promi- Fourth rostral segment about equal in length to nence (fig 1B) ...... 8 third ...... 20 - Abdominal venter with a forwardly directed, free basal spine or tubercle (figs. 4-6) 13 ...... Angle of last abdominal segment produced, spi- nose or terminating in a distinct spinule (figs. 8. Dorsal color red and black ...... 9 - 16, 29) ...... 21 Dorsal color somber, shades of black and brown Angle of last abdominal segment not produced or ...... 10 spinose ...... 26 9. Apical portion of scutellum about equal in width All abdominal angles strongly produced as tu- to hemelytral corium ...... Perillus Stll bercles ...... Friarius Schouteden - Apical portion of scutellum much narrower in Only last 1 or 2 abdominal angles strongly pro- width than hemelytral corium ...... duced ...... 22 ...... Jalloides Schouteden

10. Humeral angles strongly produced ...... 11 Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994 149

Metasternum with lateral margins strongly el- into spines; posterior angle ofpronotum notpromi- evated and embracing apex of rostrum in repose nently lobed(fig. 21) ...... Parealda Schouteden ...... Cantheconideaschouteden Metasternum not embracing apex of rostrum. 23 Base of abdominal venter with a distinct tubercle or spine ...... 39 Anterolateral pronotal margin beaded, carinate Abdominal venter without a distinct tubercle or or denticulate ...... 24 spine, though base may be prominent ...... 34 Anterolateral pronotal margin obtuse, smooth ...... 25 Juga convergent and contiguous anterior to tylus (fig. 28) ...... Rhacognathus Fieber Anterolateral pronotal margin crenulate or den- Juga not convergent and contiguous anterior to ticulate (Asia) ...... Eocanthecona Bergroth tylus ...... 35 Anterolateral pronotal margin smooth, carinate (fig. 44)(Africa) ...... Platynopiellus New Genus Dorsal color metallic blue ...... Zicrona Amyot & Serville Protibia foliate (fig. 2) ...... Dorsal color neither metallic or blue ...... 36 ...... Platynopus Amyot & Serville Protibia prismatic (fig. 3) ...... Second rostral segment about as long as or longer ...... Montrouzieriellus Kirkaldy than two posterior segments combined ...... 30 Second rostral segment distinctly shorter than Anterolateral pronotal margin obtuse, two posterior segments combined ...... semicalloused ...... Planopsis Schouteden ...... Cermatulus Dallas Anterolateral pronotal margins distinctly crenate or dentate ...... 27 Dorsum aposomatically colored red or orange and black ...... Amyotea Ellenreider Scent gland opening continuous with an elevated Dorsum somber colors, brown or black ...... 38 ruga on metapleuron ...... 28 Scent gland opening continuous with a sinuate Scent gland orifice continuous laterally with flat, sulcus on metapleuron (fig. 61) ...... elevated ruga (fig. 59); rostrum reaching base of ...... Hemallia Bergroth abdomen ...... Arma Hahn Scent gland orifice continuous laterally with long, Humeral angles prolonged laterally ...... 29 narrow sulcus (fig. 67); rostrum reaching only to Humeral angles obtuse or prominent but not pro- mesocoxae ...... Anasida Karsch longed laterally ...... Afrius Stdl Abdominal spine short, not surpassing metacoxae Head broad, interocular distance greater than (fig. 4) ...... 42 combined width of both eyes; males lack glandu- Abdominal spine long, extending at least to lar patches of hairs on abdominal venter (Asia mesocoxae (fig. 5) ...... 40 and Europe) ...... Picromerus (pars) Head narrow, interocular distance less than com- Scent gland orifice prolonged into broad, flat ruga bined width of both eyes; males with glandular ...... 41 patches of hairs on abdominal venter (fig Scent gland orifice slit-like, not attended by ruga lB)(Africa) ...... Canthecona Amyot & Serville (fig. 79) ...... Oechalia StQl

Metasternum elevated into a spherical bulla ...... Humeral angles of pronotum prolonged laterally ...... Bulbostethus Ruckes (fig. 16) ...... Hoploxys Dallas Metasternum not as above ...... 31 Humeral angles of pronotum not prolonged later- ally (fig. 27) ...... Mecosoma Dallas Meso- and metasternum bicarinate, carinae em- bracing rostrum ...... 32 Juga longer than tylus and contiguous in front (fig. Meso- and metasternum not modified to embrace 37) ...... Dinorhynchus Jakovlev rostrum ...... 33 Juga slightly longer than tylus and never contigu- ous in front ...... 43 Anterolateral margins of pronotum obtuse, with- out marginal bead; connexival apices spinose; Dorsum metallic, coppery blue or green ...... posterior angles of pronotum with prominent ...... Doryeoris Mayr lobe (fig. 29) ...... Edda Walker Dorsum dull black or brown ...... 44 Anterolateral margins ofpronotum with crenulate marginal bead; connexival apices not produced 150 Insecta Mundi

CRASSATE

ANTERIOR ANTEROLATERAL PRONOTAL ANGLE PRONOTAL MARGIN

HUMERUS

EVAPORATORIUM ONOTAL ANGLE

SCENT GLAND RUGA

PILOSE GLANDS

HEMELYTRAL MEMBRANE

FIGURE 1. Anatomy of an asopine: A. Dorsal, B. Ventral. 44 Humeral angles of pronotum produced into quad- ing slightly more than half-way to metapleuralmar- rate lobe ...... Martinina Schouteden gin; not surrounded by evaporatorium (fig. 57). Angles of pronotum not produced laterally (fig. Metasternum subelevated, notched behind; base 40) ...... Tkoilus StPl of abdomen with forwardly directed tubercle in apposition to notch of metasternum. Profemora Afrius StAl with subapical spine; protibiae not dilate. Males (Figs. 18,57) with or without pilose glandular patches on ab- dominal venter. Cimex, subgenus Afrius Stdl 1870:44. Type-species, Asopus figuratus Germar (=yolofus). Remarks: The subgenus Subafrius Schouteden Afrius, subgenus Afrius: Schouteden 1907b:51. lacks the male abdominalpatches, but is otherwise Afrius, subgenus Subafrius Schouteden 1907b:51. inseparable from the nominate subgenus. There Type, Picromerus flavirostrum Signoret. are no keys to species of the genus Afrius. Accord- ing to Leston (1953a) Afrius yolofus (GuBrin-M6n6 Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, reachingmetacoxae; ville) is the commonest asopine in Africa. However segment I1 longest, segment IVequal toIII. Bucculae almost all references in the literature and determi- prominent. Juga and tylus equal or juga slightly nations on specimens refer to synonyms figuratus longer. Anterolateral pronotal margins crenulate Germar and purpureus Westwood. Revisionary or dentate, sinuate in dorsal view; humeral apex studies are needed to verify the validity of the simple or weakly notched (fig. 18). Frenalmargin of nominal taxa. scutellum longer than post-frenal part. Angle of I have seen a specimen in the British Museum connexival segment VI not produced. Orificial (Natural History) identified as "Afrhs nigritarsis peritreme of scent gland broad, spatulate, extend- Distant," and labeled "Type" and "Aldabra". No Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994

tainty attending the true identity of the specimen, it's exotic geographic origin, and the paucity of material for study. With those provisos in mind I am transfer- ring CantheconideamigratoriaDistant to the genus Afrius, subgenus Subafrius.

List of Species

Subgenus Afrius Stil

1. Afrius kolleri Schouteden

Afrius kolleri Schouteden 191 1:180 [Belgian Congo].

Distribution: Zaire, Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda, Ivory Coast.

References: Schouteden (1911) [description]; Gillon (1972) [characters, figure].

FIGURES 2-3. Forelegs: 2. Dilate tibia. 3. Prismatic tibia. Material examined: Zaire (1)' Kenya (2), Uganda (I), Ethiopia (2).

such species name was ever published by Distant. I 2. Afrius marmoratus (Dallas) believe this specimen tobe the type of Cantheconidea migratoria Distant, described from Aldabra in Canthecona marmorata Dallas 1851:90 [So. Africa]. Distant's (1913) monograph on the Rhynchotaof the Canthecona annulipes Dallas 1851:91. Seychelles. I was not able to find any other specimen Cimex (Afrius) marmoratus: Stdl 1870:46. corresponding to the latter name in the collection of Cimex (Afrius) annulipes: Stdl 1870:46. the British Museum. The specimen fits the original Afrius ? marmoratus: Lethierry & Severin 1893:214. description of C. migratoria, however, the description Afrius marmoratus: Schouteden 1907b:51. included only scant detail useful for discerning the generic placement of the species. I have restricted Distribution: South Africa. Cantheconidea to the South Pacific. Furthermore, Cantheconidea is characterized by a remarkably References: Miller (1952) [characters]. developed sternal armature. Distant's lack of com- ment beyond the color of the sternum reinforces my Material examined: The Holotype female of certainty that the specimen describedby Distant was Canthecona marmorata Dallas was located in the not a Cantheconidea. Of course at the time Distant BM(NH). Also, South Africa (1). wrote his description Cantheconidea had not been separated from Eocanthecona. Eocanthecona is an 3. Afrius rubromarginatus Bergroth Asian genus. If C. migratoria was a member of the latter genus it would be the smallest member at 8-9 Afrius rubromarginatus Bergroth 1903:289. Fast mm according to Distant's description. Since Distant Africa] didremark that C. migratoriawas theonly represen- Canthecona rubromarginata: Schouteden 1905:150. tativeofthehpinaeknown tooccur in the Seychelles, Afrius rubromarginatus: Schouteden 1907b:52. I am convinced that the specimen labeled "Afrius nigritarsis Distant," "Type," and, "Aldabra," is actu- Distribution: Mozambique, Botswana, Tanzania. ally the lost type of C. migratoria Distant. The specimen from Aldabra is markedly similar to Afrius Material examined: Botswana (4). flauirostrum, aMadagascan species, but I hesitate to synonymize Distant's name because of the uncer- 152 Insecta Mundi

FIGURES 4-6. Abdominal armature: 4. Basal spine short, 5. Basal spine long, 6. Basal spine bifurcate.

4. Afriusyolofus (Guerin-Meneville) Subgenus Subafrius Schouteden

Pentatoma yolofa GuBrin-MQnBville 1831: P1. 55, 5. Afrius flavirostrum (Signoret) fig. 2. Pentatoma purpurea Westwood 1837:43 [Africa]. Picromerus flavirostrum Signoret 1861:921 mada- Asopus figuratus Germar 1837:185. gascar]. Asopus figuratus: Herrich-Schaeffer 1844:113 Canthecona flauirostra: Stdl 1865:68. Canthecona caerulea Dallas 1851:89. Cimex flavirostra: Stdl 1870:44. Canthecona marginella Dallas 1851:89. Afrius flauirostris: Lethierry & Severin 1893: 214. Canthecona miniatescens Stdl 1853:213 [Caffraria]. Afrius (Subafrius) flavirostrum: Schouteden Canthecona yolofa: Still 1865:67. 1907b:51. Canthecona figurata: Still 1865:66. Cimex (Afrius) figuratus Stdl 1870:44. Cimex (Afrius)purpureus: Still 1870:44. Distribution:Madagascar. Cimex figuratus: Distant 1892:248. Afrius figuratus: Lethierry & Severin 1893:214. References:Cachan (1952) [description, figure]. Afrius purpureus: Lethierry & Severin 1893:214. Canthecona purpurea var. figurata: Schouteden Material examined: Madagascar (2). 1905:150. Afrius purpureus: Schouteden 1907b:51. 6. Afrius migratorius Distant [NEW Afrius yolofus: Dupuis 1952:454. Afrius figuratus: Leston 1953a:678. COMBINATION].

Distribution:Sudan, Liberia, Ghana, GuineaBissau, Cantheconidea migratoria Distant 1913:44 Tanzania, Cameroon, Benin, Ethiopia, Gambia, Si- [Aldabra]. erra Leone, Somalia, Zaire, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Angola, Senegal, Zimbabwe, South Africa. Distribution:Seychelle Islands. tion, figure]; Dupuis 1952 [synbnymy];Leston 1953a [male genitalia]; Le Pelley (1959) brey]; Gillon Material examined: Type? in BM(NH), see re- (1972) [characters, immatures, figures]; Linnavouri marks above. (1975) mted]; Nuamah (1982) Faryotype]; Linnavouri (1982) Fabitat, distribution]. 7. Afrius williamsi Miller

Material examined: Ghana (3), Cameroon (2), Afrius williamsi Miller 1952:183 [Mauritius]. Sudan (2), Nigeria (2), Guinea (I), Liberia (1). Distribution: Mauritius.

References: Miller (1952) [description,figures, prey]. Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994 153

FIGURES 7-14. Dorsal aspect: 7.Stilbotes, 8.Cecyrina, 9.Ponapea, 10. Dorycoris, 1 1.Auskallojalla, 12. Zicrona, 13. Pseudanasida, 14. Bulbostethus. A MYOTEA Ellenreider rounded, not produced (fig. 45). Frenal margin of (Figs. 45,54) scutellum longer than post-frenal portion; scutellar apex narrower than corium. Scent gland ruga long, sinuate, reaching slightly more than half way to Amyotea Ellenreider 1862:137. Type-species, metapleuralmargin, surrounded by evaporatorium Amyotea dystercoides Ellenreider (fig. 54).Metasternum flat, pentagonal. Connexival (=malabarica(F.)) angles not produced. Base of abdomen without tu- bercle. Femora unarmed; protibiae not dilate. Males Diagnosis: Rostrum semi-crassate,long, surpass- lack glandular patches on abdominalventer. ing metacoxae and extending past base of abdomen; segment I11 twice as long as IV, I1 as long as the last Remarks: Bergroth (191 1) nominated Asopus two combined. Bucculae low, becoming obsolescent malabaricus F. to be the type-species of the nominate posteriorly. Juga and tylus equal in length. genus Asopus Burmeister. However, this name is Anterolateralpronotalmargins weakly serrate,con- ineligible because it was not one of the included vex in dorsal outline, somewhat explanate; humeri species when Burmeister originally erectedAsopus. 154 Insecta Mundi

FIGURES 15-19. Dorsal aspect: 15. Cazira, 16. Hoploxys, 17. Jalloides, 18. AfLius, 19. Picromerus.

Thus Amyoteais avalid genus name, separate from List of Species Asopus which is a junior synonym of Discocera Laporte. There is no key to the species andseveralare of doubtfulvalidity. I have synonymizedAsopus rufus 1. Amyotea erythromela (Walker) Azim & Shafee under Amyotea malabaricus (F.) basedon the descrip tion, figures andcharacters cited Strachia erythromela Walker 1868:339 [Kaisaa]. by the authors as differentiating rufus from Strachia praecipua Walker 1868:339 [Batchian]. malabaricus. In this, as in many species ofAsopinae, Strachia pyrophila Walker 1868:340 [Batchian]. dorsalcoloration varies substantially and cannot be Asopus carnifex Vollenhoven 1868:12 [Ternate]. acceptedofitselfas avalidcriterion for erecting new Asopus erythromelas: Stll 1870:58. Asopus praecipuus Stll 1870:58. taxa. Besides havingplaced their species under an old Asopus pyrophilus: Stll 1870:58. and invalid genus name they give no indication of Amyotea erythromelas: Schouteden 1907b:54. being aware of the many colorvarieties thathave been Amyotea malabaricus var. carnifex: Schouteden described in this species. 1907b:54. Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994 155

FIGURES 20-24. Dorsal aspect: 20. Anna, 21. Parealda, 22. Montrouzieriellus,23. Planopsis, 24. Hemallia.

Distribution: Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea, Distribution: Molucca Islands. Moluccas. References:Kirkaldy (1909a) [synonymy, distribu- References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [distribution, syn- tion]. onymyl. Material Examined. Walker's type specimen was Material examined: Walker's specimen's were ex- examinedin the BM(NH). amined in the BM(NH). 3. Amyotea glaucolimbata (Tryon) 2. Amyotea frontalis (Walker) Strachia glaucolimbata Tryon 1892: 15 [Papua]. Strachia frontalis Walker 1868:339 [Batchian]. Asopus glauco-limbatus: Lethierry & Severin Asopus semiviolaceus Vollenhoven 1868: 13 1893:220. [Halmaheira]. Amyotea glaucolimbata: Schouteden 1907b:54. Asopus frontalis: Lethierry & Severin 1893:220. Amyotea frontalis: Schouteden 1907b:54. Distribution: New Guinea, Bismarck Is. 156 Insecta Mundi

FIGURES 25-29. Dorsal aspect: 25. Platynopus, 26. Oechalia,27. Mecosoma, 28. Rhacognathus, 29. Ealda.

References: Black (1968) [distribution] Material examined: Walker's material was ex- amined in the BM(NH). Also: 3 males, 5 females, 4. Amyotea hamata (Walker) Australia, New Guinea.

Strachia hamata Walker 1868:342 [New Guinea]. 5. Amyotea malabarica (F.) Strachia saturata Walker 1868:342 [Ceram]. Asopus distigma Vollenhoven 1868:13 [Amboine]. Cimex malabarica Fabricius 1775:718. Asopus hamatus: St&l 1870:57. Cimex mactans Fabricius 1781:366. Amyotea hamata: Schouteden 1907b:54. Lygaeus malabaricus: Fabricius 1794:151. Lygaeus mactans: Fabricius 1794:16 1. Distribution:New Guinea, Molucca Islands, Aus- Cimex oculatus Fabricius 1798:535 [homonym]. tralia. Lygaeus argus Fabricius 1803:217. [new name for oculatus] Asopus argus: Burmeister 1834:293. References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [distribution, syn- Pentatoma mactans: Westwood 1842:25. onymyl. Asopus mactans: Dallas 1851:107. References: Kirby (1891) [variation];Distant (1902) Amyotea dystercoides Ellenreider 1862:137. [characters, figures]; Kirkaldy (1909a) [foodplants! Amyotea nigripes Ellenreider 1862: 138 [Lahat]. distribution]; Esaki 1929 [characters, figure]; Asopus nigripes: Vollenhoven 1868:12. Chaterjee (1934) [prey];Yang (1962) [figure];Singh Asopus malabaricus: Stti1 1870:56. Asopus malabarica var. rubrocincta Breddin et al. (1973) [prey]; Ahmad et al. (1974) [figure]; 1899: 166. Hsiao et al. (1977) [characters, photos]; Azim & Amyotea malabarica var. rubrocincta: Schouteden Shafee (1982) [original description]. 1907b:54. Amyoteamalabaricavar. nigripes: Hsiaoet al. 1977:88. Material examined: Celebes (I), Phillipines (2), Asopus rufus Azim &Shafee 1982:361 [India]. [NEW Sumatra (I), Mira (1). SYNONYMY] 6.Arnyotea micans (Distant) Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, Burma, Celebes, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Java, New Asopus micans Distant 1888:476. Guinea, Phillipines, Sumatra, Sri Lanka, Taiwan. Amyotea micans: Schouteden 1907b:54. 158 Insecta Mun&

Distribution: New Guinea. References: Schouteden (1907b) mted].

References: Schouteden (1907b) [listed]. Material examined: Walker's material was ex- amined in the BM(NH). Material examined: Distant's type specimen was examined in BM(NH). ANASlDA Karsch (Figs. 46,67) 7. Amyotea reciproca (Walker) Anasida Karsch 1892:481. Type species: Anasida Strachia reciproca Walker 1868:340. [New Guinea]. tenebrio Karsch Strachia megaspilus Walker 1868:341. Mysol]. Asopus bernsteinii Vollenhoven 1868:14 [New Guinea]. Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, short, reaching Asopus reciproca: Still 1870:57. only to mesocoxae; segment I1 as long as or longer Amyotea reciproca: Schouteden 1907b:54. than last two segments combined, segment IVlonger than 111. Bucculae prominent, curved. Tylus andjuga Distribution: New Guinea, Molucca Islands. equal in length. Antenna1 segments compressed. Anterolateralpronotal margin sinuate in dorsalout- Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994 159

FIGURES 40-44. Dorsal aspect: 40. Troilus, 41. Platynopiellus, 42. Cennatulus, 43. Damarius, 44. Platynopiellus, pronotal margin. line, smooth or crenulate; humeral angle not pro- cording to the rules of nomenclature (ICZN 1985) a duced; each humerus with a submarginal, dorsal name proposedbefore 1931 whose description consists crest (fig. 46). Frenalmargin of scutellum longer than of reference toa publishedillustration must be consid- post-frenalportion of scutellum; scutellar apex nar- ered available under Article 12(b)(7). rower than corium. Scent gland orifice attended by Anasida ikrami Ahmad & Kamaluddin (1983) long, curvedsulcus, extending about two-thirds dis- belongs in the genus Pseudanasida and I here tance tometapleuralmargin;evaporatorium obsoles- formally transfer it to that taxon. cent (fig. 67). Metasternum not elevate. Angles of connexival segments not produced. Base of abdomen List of Species prominent, but not tuberculate. Profemora unarmed; protibiae not dilate. Males lacking abdominal glands. 1. Anasida funebris Distant

Remarks: This is a distinctive genus of five nominal Anusida funebris Distant 1900:59 [Natal]. species of uncertain validity. Distant (1910b) gives distinguishing characters for some of the species. ~i~t~ib~ti~~:south ~f~i~~. AnasicEa schoutedeni Distant is a new name proposed by Distant (1910a) for the species represented by Schouteden's (1907b) figure ofAnasida tenebrio. Ac- 160 Insecta Mundi

FIGURES 45-47. Dorsal aspect: 45. Amyotea, 46. Anasida, 47. Jalla.

References: Distant (1910a) [compared to tenebrio 4. Anasida tenebrio Karsch and schoutedeni]. Anasida tenebrio Karsch 1892:481 [Angola] Material examined: Distant's male type speci- men was examined in BM(NH). Also: South Africa Distribution: Angola, Zaire, Cameroon, Tchad, (1 female). Ivory Coast.

2. Anasida orientalis Distant References: Distant (1910a), compared tofunebris.

Anasida orientalis Distant 1910b: 195 [India]. Material examined: 2 males, 1female, Cameroon, Tchad. Distribution: India, Pakistan. Andrallus Bergroth References:Distant (1910b) [description];Ahmad et (Figs. 36,62) al. (1974) [figure]. AudinetiaEllenrieder 1862:136. Type,aculeata (=spinidens Material examined: Distant's male Holotype in F.) [Homonym]. BM[NH] was examined. Andrallus Bergroth 1905:370 [new name].

3. Anasida schoutedeni Distant Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, attainingmetacoxae, segment I1 the longest, I11 the shortest but almost Anasida schoutedeni Distant 1910a:99 [Congo]. equal to IV, I11 and IV combined longer than 11; bucculae prominent. Juga and tylus subequal in Distribution: Zaire. length. Anterolateralprothoracic margins thick, ru- culose. Posterior angles of~ronotumwithout tooth or References: Schouteden (1907b) [figure]; Distant Kook. Humera1 aniles pioduced into a bidentate, (1910a) [name proposed]. spinose projection (fig. 36). Frenal margin of scutel- lum longer than the apical part. Profemora with small or-obsolescent anteapical spine. Protibia not dilate. Base of abdomen without tubercle, though Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994 161

FIGURES 48-57. Metapleural scent gland apparatus: 48. Stilbotes, 49. Troilus, 50. Jalloides, 51. Cazira, 52. Bulbostethus, 53. Montrouzieriellus, 54.Amyotea, 55. Damarius, 56. Canthecona, 57.AfLius. somewhat prominent at the middle. Scent gland List of Species auricle reaching 4/10 of distance to lateral margin of metapleuron,evaporatorium discontinuous, reduced toanarrow strip behind auricle (fig. 62). Males with 1. Andrallus spinidens (F.) a pair of glandular pubescent patches on the abdomi- nalventer. Cimex spinidens Fabricius 1787:285 [Tranquebar]. Asopus geometricus Burmeister 1835:380. Pentatoma aliena Westwood 1837:40 [Nova Hollandia]. 162 Insecta Mundi

Figures 58-67. Metapleural scent gland apparatus: 58. Cantheconidea, 59. Anna, 60. Blachia, 61. Hemallia, 62.Andrallus, 63. Cennatulus, 64. Dinorhynchus, 65. Pinthaeus, 66. Ghpsus, 67. Anasida.

Arma geometrica: Dallas 1849:187. Distribution: China, Taiwan, Japan, Phillipines, Picromerus spinidens: Dallas 1851:95. Sumatra, Java, Indonesia, Vietnam, Borneo, New Acanthidium cinctum Montrouzier 1858:252. Guinea, Bangladesh, India, Fiji, Tahiti, Russia, Audinetia oeulrta Ellenreider 1862:137 [Sumatra]. ~~~~b~ij~~,~~~k~~,I~~~,syria, ~~hi~~i~,~~~~~~i~l Cirnex (Audinetia) spinidens: St&l 1867:496. Arma spinidens: Vollenhoven 1868:10. Guinea, Malawi, South Africa, Mozambique, Sudan, Audinetia spinidens: Distant 1902:253. Zaire, Madagascar, Malaysia, Australia, North Andrallus spinidens: Bergroth 1905:370. America,. ApateticusludovicianusStoner 1917:462[Louisiana]. Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994 163

FIGURES 68-75. Metapleural scent gland apparatus: 68. Zicrona, 69. Ealda, 70. Leptolobus, 71. Picromerus, 72. Platynopiellus, 73. Planopsis, 74.Jalla, 75.Eocanthecona.

References: Distant (1902) [characters, figure]; Material examined: Botswana (I), Malaysia (I), Cachan (1952) [characters];Esaki (1952) [characters, Uganda (I), Okinawa (I), India (7), Java (4), Borneo figure]; Yang (1962) [figure]; Miyamoto (1965a) [fig- (3), Vietnam (1). ure]; McDonald(l966) [genitalia];Ahmadet al. (1974) [figure];Linnavouri (1975) [listed];Hsiaoet al. (1977) [characters,photo]; Manley (1982) wehistory]; Zhang (1985) [characters,figure]; Chopra & Sucheta (1986) [taxonomy]. 164 Insecta Mundi

FIGURES 76-83. 76. Doycoris, 77. Hoploxys, 78. Parealda, 79. Oechalia, 80. Mecosoma, 81. Macrorhaphis, 82. Plawopus, 83. Rhacognathus.

Arma Hahn produced. Scent glandruga sinuate, long, extending (Figs. 20,59) slightly more than half way to metapleural margin (fig. 59). Base of abdomen prominent, rarely with Arma Hahn 1832:91. Type species: Cimex custos F. obtuse, diminuitive tubercle; metasternum with low (designated by Schouteden 1907); Cimex lurida mesial carina. Femora unarmed; tibiae not dilate. F. (invalid designation by Kirkaldy 1909a). Males lack abdominal glands. Auriga Kirkaldy 1909a:15. Type, Cimex custos F. (unnecessary substitution). Remarks:Arma was ostensibly revised by Ahmad & Harma Marshall 1868:282 (unnecessary emenda- Onder (1990a). However, the authors were evidently tion). unawareofthe existence of species in the genusother than A. custos (F.) and A. insperata Horvath. Al- Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, reachingmetacoxae; though they augmented the genus by the description segment I11 longer than IV, combined about equal to of two new species, the characteristics by which they 11. Bucculae inconspicuouslyelevate. Juga somewhat distinguished these forms were not specific in charac- longer than tylus but not convergent. Anterolateral ter. For example, their new species A. neocustos was pronotal margins serrulate, sinuate in dorsalview; distinguished from A. custos by antenna1segment I1 humeriprominent, angular (fig. 20). Frenalmargin beingUusually"slightly less than two times thelength longer than post-frenalportion of scutellum; scutellar ofIIIversus subequalor slightly longer than twice the apex narrower than corium. Connexival angles not length of 111. On the other hand their figures of the Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994 genitalia show the two forms to be indistinguishable. & Ishihara (195 1) [synonymy anddistribution]; Esaki In my experience slight differences in the proportions (1952) [characters, figure]; Dupuis (1952) [dorso- of the antenna1segments do not reliably separate the abominal glands]; Dupuis (1959) [male parandria]; species ofArma, nor the species of any other asopine Puchkova (196 1) [eggs figured]; Yang (1962) [figure]; genus. I consider Ahmad & Onder's species to be Miyamoto (1965a) [figure]; Wagner (1966) [charac- synonyms of the common, widespread species A. ters, figure]; Seidenstucker (1975) [key, genitalia custos. figured]; Hsiao et al. (1977) Feyed, characters, photo]; Josifov & Kerzhner (1978) [figure]; Tamanini (1981) List of Species [prey]; Tamanini (1988) [keyed, figure]; Ahmad & Onder (1990a) [taxonomy,figures]. 1. Arma chinensis Fallou Material examined: Czechoslovakia (3), Germany Arma chinensis Fallou 1881:340. (3, France (I), Hungary (3), Spain (I), Japan (3), Arma discors Jakovlev 1902a:64 wongolia]. China (12). Auriga discors: Kirkaldy 1909a:15. Auriga chinensis: Kirkaldy 1909a:15. 3. Arma ferruginea (Hsiao & Zheng) Aurigapeipingensis Yang 1933:21 [Peiping] Martinia ferrugineaHsiao & Zheng 1977:86 [China]. Distribution: China, Korea, Mongolia. Arma ferruginea: Zheng 1980:322.

References: Josifov & Kerzhner (1978) [distribu- Distribution: China. tion, characters, figure]; Yang (1933) [description], Yang (1934a) [characterized]; Zhang (1985) [char- References: Hsiao et al. (1977) [description, fig- acters, figure]. ures, photo]; Zheng (1980) [generic placement].

Material examined: China (3), Taiwan (1). 4. Arma insperata Horvath

2. Arma custos (F.) Arma insperata Ho~6th1899:445. Auriga insperata: Kirkaldy 1909a:15. Cimex custos Fabricius 1794:94. Pentatoma custos: Latreille 1804:188. Distribution:Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Romania, Arma custos: Hahn 1832:95. Hungary. Asopus custos: Burmeister 1835:379. Stiretrus custos: Blanchard 1840:153. References: Vidal (1949) [characters, key]; Asopus (Arma) custos: Flor 1860:94. Seidenstucker (1975) Fey, genitalia figured, prey]; Auriga custos: Kirkaldy 1909a:15. & Arma custos f. scutellaris Stichel 1961:656 [unavail- Gollner-Scheiding Arnold (1988) [distribution able name] and collection note]; Ahmad & Onder (1990) [tax- Arma neocustos Ahmad & Onder 1990a:8 [Turkey]. onomy, figures]. [NEW SYNONYMY] Arma neoinsperata Ahmad & Onder 1990a:9 [Tur- 5. Arma koreana Josifov & Kerzhner key]. [NEW SYNONYMY] Arma koreana Josifov & Kerzhner 1978:18 1 [Korea]. Distribution: France, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, Russia, China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Austria, Distribution: Korea, China. Czechoslovakia, Bosnia, Belgium, Netherlands, Hungary, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Romania, References: Josifov & Kerzhner (1978) [description, Bulgaria, Germany, Siberia, Turkey, "North Africa". characters].

References:Kirkaldy (1909a) Fast plants!, distri- Material examined: Korea (1). bution]. Yang (1934) [characterized, figured];Michalk (1938) [biology];Villiers (1945) [characters, figure]; 6. Arma maculata Zheng Hoffmann (1948) [diet]; Dupuis (1949) [distribution, prey, life cycle]; Vidal(1949) [characters,key]; Esaki Arma maculata Zheng 1980:321 vunnan]. Insecta Mundi

Distribution: China. specimens seem quite rare. I have seen only the female type. References:Zheng (1980) [description,genitaliafig- ured]. List of Species:

7.Arma tubercula Yang 1. Australojalla versicolor (Distant) NEW COMBINATION Auriga custos var. tubercula Yang 1934a:115 [Kouy- Tcheou]. Jalloides versicolor Distant 1911:350 [Queensland]. Auriga tubercula: Josifov & Kerzhner 1978: 182.

Distribution: Vietnam, China. Distribution: Australia.

References: Josifov &Kerzhner (1978) [status, char- References: Distant (191 1) [description]. acters, distribution] Material examined: Holotype female BM(NH). Material examined: China (1). Blachia Walker 8. Arma velata Walker (Figs. 31,60)

Arma velata Walker 1868:532. [Hindustan]. Blachia Walker 1867:117. Type, ducalis Walker. Sesha Distant 1887:343. Type, manifesta Distant (= Distribution: India. ducalis).

References: Distant (1900) [status, types]. Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, attaining mesocoxae; segment I1 longest, I11 very short. Bucculae angulately produced. Juga slightly longer than tylus. Anterolateral pronotal margin narrowly Australojalla Thomas, NEW GENUS beaded, reflexed; humeriproduced in narrow, terete (Fig. 11) spines (fig. 31). Post-frenalportion of scutellumlonger than frenal margin; base of scutellum tumid but Type species: Jalloides versicolor Distant. without gibbosities; scutellar apex wider than co- rium. Scent gland orifice with long, spatulate, el- Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment 111 longer evatedruga, extending more than two-thirdsdistance than 11. Tylus andjuga subequal in length. Antero- to metapleural margin; evaporatorium reduced to lateral pronotal margin without a distinct bead. narrow strips anterior and posterior to ruga (fig. 60). Humeral angles not produced (Fig. 11). Frenum Metasternurn subelevated;mesosternurn with elevated longer than post-frenal portion of scutellum; apex mesialcarina. Baseofabdomen with tubercle directed narrower than coriurn. Metasternal margins cari- in apposition to metasternum. Connexival angles nate forming sulcus receiving rostrum. Scent gland tuberculate. Profemora with anteapical spine; ruga very short, not reaching half-way to protibiae foliate. Males with pair of pilose, glandu- metapleural margin. Profemora with anteapical lar patches on abdominal venter. spine; protibia not dilate. Base of abdomen with short tubercle. Males unknown. 1. Blachia ducalis Walker

Remarks: This species differs in significant char- Blachia ducalis Walker 1867:117 [Siam]. acteristics from the other two Australian species of Cazira coccinelloides Vollenhoven 1868:4. Jalloides. It has a small tubercle at the base of the Sesha manifesta Distant 1887:343, pl. 12, fig 2. abdomen, lacking in the other species; the scent gland ruga is much shorter; the proportions of the Distribution: Thailand, India, China, Indonesia, rostra1 segments are very different (third segment Burma. longest vs. the second); and the metasternurn is modified for reception of the rostrum. Unfortunately, Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994

References: Hsiao et al. (1977) [keys, characters, Distribution:Mariana Is. (Tinian, Saipan). figure, photo]. References: Ruckes (1963) [description, figures]. Material examined: The type series, one male and three females, were examined in the BM[NH]. Material examined: Holotype male in AMNH. Also, from India (1 female). Also: Tinian, Mariana Is. (one male determined by Ruckes). Bulbostethus Ruckes (Figs. 14, 52) Canthecona Amyot & Serville (Fig. 30, 56) Bulbostethus Ruckes 1960:285. Type, Asopus chrysopterus Herrich-Schaeffer. Canthecona Amyot & Serville 1843:81. Type, Pentatoma discolor Palisot de Beauvoir. Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment I1 and I11 subequal, IV about seven-tenths of 111; bucculae Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment I1 longest, inconspicuously elevated. Juga and tylus equal in I11 longer than IV. Bucculae prominent, evenly el- length. Anterolateral pronotal margins crenulate, evate. Tylus andjuga of equal length. Anterolateral calloused; straight or slightly concave in dorsal pronotalmargins crenulate; straight in dorsalview; view; humeriproduced, apex conical (fig. 14). Frenal humerilong, slender, spinose (fig. 30). Frenalmargin margin slightly longer than post-frenal portion of longer than post-frenal part of scutellum; scutellar scutellum; scutellar apex narrower than a corium. apex narrower than corium. Apex of last connexival Angle of connexival segment VII acuminately pro- segment produced acuminate. Scent glandruga long, duced. Scent gland ruga flat, spatulate, extending reaching more than halfway tometapleuralmargin about half way to metapleural margin; (fig. 56). Mesosternum with low, flat, mesialcarina. evaporatorium narrowly surrounding ruga (fig. Metasternum bulbous, elevated. Base of abdoWen 52). Mesosternum with low, flat, mesial carina; with short spine directed forward in apposition to metasternum bulbous. Base of abdomen with stout metasternum. Profemora with subapical spine; spine reaching mesocoxae. Femora unarmed; protibia prismatic, not dilate. Males with pair of protibia terete. Males with pair of pilose glandular pilose, glandular patches on abdominalventer. patches on abdominalventer. Remarks: Amonotypic genus. The single species is List of Species tan with a brown transhumeral vitta on the pronotum and brown pronotal and abdominal mar- gins. The humeri are prolonged, spinose laterally. 1 . Bulbostethus chrysopterus (Herrich- Length 10-12 mm. Schaeffer) List of Species Asopus chrysopterus Herrich-Schaeffer 1844:114. [Guam] Canthecona chrysoptera: Lethierry & Severin 1. Canthecona discolor (Palisot de 1893:213. Beauvois) Cantheconidea chrysoptera: Schouteden 1907b:44. Bulbostethus chrysopterus: Ruckes 1960:285. Pentatoma discolor Palisot de Beauvois 181 1:112, [Guinea]. Distribution: Mariana Is. (Guam). Canthecona discolor: Amyot & Serville 1843:81. Cimex (Canthecona) discolor: Stdl 1867:496. References: Bergroth (19 15) [taxonomy], Ruckes Afrius discolor glypsoides Linnavouri 1975:124. (1960) [description], Ruckes (1963) [characters, [NEW SYNONYMY]. synonymy, distribution]. CantheconadiscolorglypsoidesLinnavouri1982: 164.

2. Bulbostethus transversalis Ruckes Distribution: Sudan, Guinea, Togo, Zaire, Cameroon, Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, Angola. Bulbostethus transversalisRuckes 1963:329 wariana Is.] Insecta Mundi

References: Linnavouri (1975) [subspeciesdescrip- 2. Cantheconidea cyanacantha (StGI) tion, figure]; Linnavouri (1982) [subspecies, distri- bu tion]. Canthecona cyanacantha Stbl 1870:42 [Fiji] Cantheconidea cyanacantha: Schouteden 1907b:45. Material examined: Holotype of subspecies glypsoides Linnavouri from Sudan in collection of Distribution: Fiji, Samoa. AMNH. Also, North Africa (I), Cameroon (4), Zaire (21, Angola (1). References: China 1930 (distribution). Cantheconidea Schouteden Material examined: determined specimens in (Figs. 39,58) BMNH, also Fiji (1 male).

Cantheconidea Schouteden 1907b:44. Type species: 3. Cantheconidea gauglen Schneider Canthecona javana Dallas. Cantheconidea gaugleri Schneider 1940:206 Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment I1 longest, [Sumatra]. I11 equal to IV; bucculae brief, elevated anteriorly. Tylus and juga of equal length. Anterolateral Distribution: Sumatra. pronotal margins crenulate or denticulate; humeri prominent, if prolonged, the apex bifid (Fig. 39). References: Schneider (1940) [description, fig- Frenal margin longer than post-frenal part of scu- ures, life cycle, immatures, prey]. tellum, apex narrower than corium. Scent gland rugaspatulate, flattened, curved, extending slightly 4. Cantheconidea humeralis Distant more than halfway to metapleural margin (fig. 58). Metasternum bicarinate, mesially sulcate, mar- Canthecona humeralis Distant 1908:452 gins embracing rostrum in repose. Mesosternum [Tenasserim] with low, obtuse carina. Base of abdomen with short, Cantheconidae [sic] humeralis: Kirkaldy 1909a:366. forwardly directed tubercle. Apexof last connexival Cantheconidea humeralis: Hsiao et al. 1977:84. segment produced acuminate. Profemora with sub- apical spine; protibiae prismatic, metatibiae terete. Distribution: India, Burma, China, Thailand. Males without glandular patches of short setae on abdominalventer. References: Hsiao et al. (1977) @eyed, figures, photo]. Remarks: The modification of the metasternum to embrace the rostrum in repose is diagnostic for the Material examined: Type specimens in BMNH. genus although this condition is also found in Also, Thailand (1). Ealda and Parealda. 5. Cantheconideajavana (Dallas) List of Species Glypsus javanus Dallas 1851:94 [Java]. Canthecona javana: Vollenhoven 1868:9. 1 . Cantheconidea acuta (Vollenhoven). Canthecona cognata Distant 1882:157 [Sumatra]. Canthecona insularis Kirby 1891: 79. Canthecona acuta Vollenhoven 1868:9 [Timor]. Cantheconidea javana: Schouteden 1907b:45. Cantheconidea acuta: Schouteden 1907b:45. Distribution: Java, India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Distribution: Indonesia. Celebes.

References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [distribution]. References: Kirby (1891) [description, figure]; Kirkaldy (1900) [prey]; Distant (1902) [synonymy]. Material examined: 1 female, Indonesia. Deter- mined specimens in BMNH Material examined: Type specimens in BMNH. Also 1 male, Muro. Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994

6. Cantheconidea variabilis (Vollen hoven) gibbosity on the scutellarbase but a similar condition is approachedin some other species. This name was Canthecona variabilis Vollenhoven 1868:8. [Timor]. synonymized with Teratocazira by Zheng & Liu Cantheconidea variabilis: Schouteden 1907b:46. (198713). These names even as subgenera should be suspended until the genus is revised. Distribution: Indonesia. List of Species References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [listed]. 1. Cazira bergrothi Breddin Material examined: determined specimens in BMNH Cazira bergrothi Breddin 1903~33ponkin]. Cazira (Metacazira)bergrothi: Schouteden 1907b:23. Cazira Amyot & Serville (Figs. 15,51) Distribution: Vietnam.

CaziraAmyot &Serville 1843:78.Type species, Cazira References: Gaedicke (1971) [type deposition]. verrucosa Amyot & Serville [not Westwood] (=chiroptera Herrich-Schaeffer), designated by 2. Cazira breddini Schouteden Kirkaldy (1903: 230). Cazira, subgenus TeratocaziraBreddin 1903:34.Type Cazira breddini Schouteden 1907a:41 [Bhoutan]. species, Teratocazira horvathi Breddin. Cazira (Metacazira) breddini: 1907b:23. Cazira, subgenus Metacazira Schouteden 1907b:ZZ. Qpe species, Pentatoma verrucosa Westwood. Paracazira Schouteden 1907b:10. Type species, Distribution: Bhutan, China, India. Breddiniella insignis Schouteden. Breddiniella Schouteden 1907b:44. Type species, References: Schouteden (1907a) [description];Yang Bre&diniella insignis Schouteden. (1934a) Feyed, characterized, figured]; Hsiao et al. Acicazira Hsiao & Zheng 1977:80: Type species, (1977) Feyed, photo]. AcicaziragibbosaHsiao &Zheng. (Synonymy by Zheng & Liu 1987b). Material examined: determined specimens in BMW. Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment I1 longest, I11 and IV subequal, I1 as long as I11 and IV 3. Cazira chiroptera (Herrich-Schaeffer) combined; bucculae prominent, closed behind. Juga and tylus equal in length. Eyes proximal to anterior Asopus chiropterus Herrich-Schaeffer 1840:78, fig. pronotum. Frenal margin a little shorter than post- 523. frenal portion of scutellum; base of scutellum with Cazira chiroptera: Dallas 1851:82. large, tubercular gibbosities; apex narrower or as Cazira (Cazira) chiroptera: Schouteden 1907b:22. wide as corium. Connexival angles produced as spines or tubercles (fig. 15). Scent gland ruga long, Distribution: Indonesia, Phillipines, Borneo, extending more than half way to metapleural Sumatra, Java. margin; evaporatorium narrowly surrounding ruga (fig. 51). Base of abdomen with a short spine or References: Black (1968) [distribution]. forwardly directed projection. At least pro-femora with one or two antepical spines; protibiae strongly Material examined: Sumatra (3), Phillipines (3). foliate. Males with pair of pilose glandular patches on abdominal venter. 4. Cazira concinna Hsiao & Zheng

Remarks: The generic characters given for the Cazira concinna Hsiao & Zheng 1977:81 [Hunan]. various synonyms of Caziraby Schouteden (1907b) do not hold. Some species lack the femoral spine Distribution: China. and in some the male glandular patches are so inconspicuous as to be undetectable. The genus References: Hsiao et al. (1977) [description, key, Acicaxira was founded for the presence of a single photo]. Insecta Mundi

5. Cazira emeia Zhang & Lin Distribution: China, Vietnam.

Cazira erneia Zhang & Lin 1982:57 [Sichuan]. References: Hsiao et al. (1977) [description, fig- ures, photo]; Zheng (1980) [genitalia figured]. Zheng Distribution: China. & Liu (1987b) [synonymy]. Material examined: China (1 male). References: Zhang & Lin (1982) [original descrip- tion, figures]. 10. Cazira inerma Yang

6. Cazira flava Yang. Cazira inerma Yang 1934a:99 [Kouy-Tcheou].

Cazira fhua Yang 1934a:98 [Guizhou]. Distribution: China.

Distribution: China. References: Yang (1934a) [description, keyed, fig- ured]; Hsiao et al. (1977) [keyed, photo]. References: Yang 1934a [description, keyed, fig- ured]; Hsiao et al. (1977) Feyed]. 1 1 . Cazira insignis (Schouteden)

7. Cazira frivaldskyi Horvath Breddiniella insignis Schouteden 1907a:45.

Cazira frivaldsky i HorvPth 1889:35 [Nepal]. Distribution: Bhutan, India. Cazira bhoutanica Schouteden 1907a:39 [Bhoutan]. Cazira (Metacazira) friualdskyi: Schouteden References: Schouteden (1907b) [figure]. 1907b:23. Material examined: 1 male, India. Distribution: Nepal, Bhutan, China, India.

References: Distant (1902) [listed]; Schouteden 12. Cazira internexa Walker (1907a) [description]; Horvath (1909) [synonymy]; Yang (1934b) [characterized, keyed, figured]; Hsiao Cazira internexa Walker 1867:118 [Cambodia]. et al. (1977) [keyed, photo]. Cazira (Metclcazira)internexa: Schouteden 1907b:23.

Material examined: Determined specimens in Distribution: Cambodia, India. BM(NH), Also India (1 male), China (2). References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [listed]. 8. Cazira fruhstorferi Breddin Material Examined. Type specimen in BM(NH).

Cazira fruhstorferi Breddin 1901:59 [Celebes]. 13. Cazira kirkaldyi Breddin Cazira (Metacazira) fruhstorferi: Schouteden 1907b:23. Cazira kirkaldyi Breddin 1903:34 [Sumatra]. Cazira (Metacazira)kirkaldyi: Schouteden 1907b:23. Distribution: Celebes. Distribution: Sumatra. References: Kirkaldy (1909a) mted]; Gaedicke (1971) [types]. References: Gaedicke (197 1) [type depository].

9. Cazira honlathi Breddin 14. Cazira membrania Zhang & Lin

Cazira horvathi Breddin 1903:34 [Tonkin]. Cazira rnernbrania Zhang & Lin 1982:59 [Hunan]. Acicaziragibbosa Hsiao & Zheng 1977:297 [China]. Cazira (Teratocazira) gibbosa: Zheng & Liu 1987b:286. Distribution: China. Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994

References: Zhang & Lin (1982) [original descrip- 20. Cazira thibetensis Schouteden tion, figures]. Cazira thibetensis Schouteden 1907a:42 [Tibet]. 15. Cazira montandoni Breddin Cazira (Metacazira) thibetensis: Schouteden 1907b:23. Cazira montandoni Breddin 1903:34 [Tonkin]. Cazira (Metacazira) montandoni: Schouteden Distribution: Tibet. 1907b:23. References: Yang (1934a) [keyed, characterized]. Distribution: Vietnam, China. 21. Cazira ulcerata (Burmeister) References: Hsiao et al. (1977) [Key]; Gaedicke (1971) [types]. Asopus ulceratus Burmeister 1835:380. Cazira strumosa St41 1870:39 [Java]. 16. Cazira reuteri Breddin Cazira ulcerata: Atkinson 1887:173. Cazira (Metucazira) ulcerata: Kirkaldy 1909a:28. Cazira reuteri Breddin 1903:33 [Tonkin]. Cazira (Metacazira) reuteri: Schouteden 1907b:23. Distribution: India, Java, China, Thailand, Sumatra. Distribution: Vietnam. References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [distribution, syn- References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [listed]. onymy].

17. Cazira schwarzi Abbasi & Rishi Material examined: Determined specimens in BM(NH), also India (1). Cazira schwarzi Abbasi & Rishi 1974:41. 22. Cazira vegeta Kirkaldy Distribution: Pakistan. Asopus ulceratus Herrich-Schaeffer 1839:452 References: Abbasi & Rishi (1974) [description]; [Coromandel][homonym]. Ahmadet al. (1974) [listed]. Cazira ulcerata: Dallas 185 1:82. Cazira (Metucazira) ulcerata: Schouteden 1907b:23. Cazira (Metucazira) vegeta: Kirkaldy 1909a:29 [new 18. Cazira sichuana Zhang & Lin name].

Cazira sichuana Zhang & Lin 1986:92 [Sichuan]. Distribution: Japan, China, Vietnam, Thailand, India. Distribution: China References: Yang (1934a) [keyed, characterized], References: Zhang & Lin (1986) [original descrip- Kirkaldy (1909a) [homonymy]; Kirkaldy (1910) tion]. [immatures], Hsiao et al. (1977) [key].

19. Cazira similis Distant Material examined: 1 male, India.

Cazira similis Distant 1902:245 [Assam]. 23. Cazira verrucosa (Westwood) Cazira (Metacazira) similis: Schouteden 1907b:23. Pentatoma verrucosa Westwood 1834:445 [Java]. Distribution: India. Asopus uerrucifer Burmeister 1835:380. Cazira uerrucosa: Dallas 185 1:82. References: Distant (1902) [description]. Cazira (Metacazira) verrucosa: Schouteden 1907b:23. Material examined: Type specimen in BM(NH), also India (1 male). Insecta Mundi

Distribution: China, Taiwan, Burma, Vietnam, Material Examined: Type specimen in BM(NI.li). India, Bangladesh,Japan, Thailand, Cambodia, Java, Phillipines. CERMA TULUS Dallas (Figs. 42,63) References: Distant (1902) [characters, figures]; Esaki(1926) [prey, distribution];Yang (1934a) [char- Cermatulus Dallas 1851:106. Type-species: Aelia acters, keyed, figured]; Hsiao et al. (1977) [keyed, nasalis Westwood. figures, photo]; Ahmad et al. (1974) [figure]. Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, reachingmetacoxae; Material examined: Taiwan (4), India (3), Thai- segment I1 longest, 111 equal to IV or' slightly land (3), Japan (I), China (1). longer; bucculae prominent. Juga and tylus of equal length. Anterolateral pronotal margins reflexed, 24. Cazira yunnanica (Zhang & Lin) weakly sinuate to subrectilinear in dorsal outline; humerinot produced (fig. 42). Frenalmargin longer Breddiniella yunnanica Zhang & Lin 1982:57 than post-frenal portion of scutellum. Connexival [Yunnan]. angles not produced. Scent gland ruga flat, broad, spatulate, extending slightly less than half way to Distribution: China. metapleural margin; evaporatorium greatly re- duced (fig. 63). Mesosternum with low, flat, mesial References: Zhang & Lin (1982) [original descrip- carina. Base of abdomen with short, compressed, tion, figure]. forwardly directed protuberance. Profemora un- armed; protibiae prismatic. Males without ab- CECYRlNA Walker dominal glands. (Fig. 8) Remarks: Cermatulus pulcher Tryon was trans- Cecyrina Walker 1867:118. Type-species: Cecyrinu ferred to Cutecanthus by Gross (1975). I consider platyrhinoides Walker turbotti to be a valid species rather than a subspe- cies of nasalis. When turbotti was described as a Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, segments 11, I11 and speciesby Woodward, and later when he reducedit to IV subequal in length. Head longer than pronotum; a subspecies, no reference was made to the male juga very long, convergent and touching; antenna1 genitalia, which in fact are quite distinct. segment Ndilated; eyes separate from anterior angles ofpronotum. Anterolateralpronotal margin obtuse, List of Species lacking marginalbead; humeri weakly produced (fig. 8). All femora with an anteapical spine; protibia 1. Cermatulus nasalis (Westwood) dilate. Frenal margin of scutellum longer than post- frenalportion. Metasternum elevate;base of abdomen Aeliu nusalis Westwood 1837:32 [Nova Hollandia]. with short tubercle in apposition to metasternum. Asopus nummularis Erichson 1842:276 Scent gland ruga short, not attaininghalfdistance to Cermatulus nasalis: Dallas 1851:106. metapleural margin. Males lack pilose abdominal Rhaphigaster pentatornodes Walker 1867:370 [Aus- glands. tralia]. Asopus binotatus Walker 1867:144. [Brazil in er- 1. Cecyrina platyrhinoides Walker ror]. Cermatulus nasalis rufusensis Woodward 1953b:41 [Tasmania]. Cecyrina platyrhinoides Walker 1867:119 [Assam]. Cermatulus nasalis nasalis: Gross 1975:228. Distribution: India, China, Bhutan. Distribution: Australia, Tasmania. References: Distant (1902) [characters, figures]; References: Woodward (1950) [characters, fig- Miller (1971) [figure]; Hsiao et al. (1977) beys, ure]; Woodward (1953a,b) [descriptions, distribu- characters, figure, photo]; Zheng (1980) [genitalia tion, synonymy]. Ramsay (1963) [prey]; Gross (1975) figured]. [characters, synonymy,figure];Edwards & Suckling Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994

(1980) [prey, ecology];Awan (1988) mehavior, develop- Platynopus innocuus Sthl 1865b:71 [Guinea]. men t]. Platynopus splendidulus: Sthl 1868:16. Platynopus metallicus Fallou 1891:5 [Cafrerie]. Material examined: Australia (20), Tasmania Damarius splendidulus: Schouteden 1907b:48. Damarius bicolor Distant 1912:89 [Uganda]. (1). Platynopus splendidulus: Linnavouri 1975:125.

2. Cermatulus turbotti Woodward Distribution: Zaire, Guinea, Sudan, Uganda, Si- erra Leone, Ghana, Ethiopia, Benin, Ivory Coast, Cermatulus turbotti Woodward 1950:24 [Three Kings Nigeria, Cameroon, South Africa. Islands]. Cermatulus nasalis turbotti Woodward 1953a:317. Cermatulus nasalis hudsoni Woodward 1953a:317. References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [distribution]; Schouteden 1907b [figure]; Schouteden (1909) [color Distribution: New Zealand. variation]; Distant (19 12) [description]; Villiers (1952) [characters,distribution, figure]; Linnavouri References: Woodward (1950) [description, fig- (1982) Fabitat, distribution]. ure]; Woodward (1953a) [synonymy]. Material examined: Sierra Leone (2), Ethiopia Material examined: New Zealand (8). (I), Uganda (4), Zaire (I), Ghana (5). Distant's holotype female and two paratype females, in Damarius Schouteden BM(NH) from Uganda were examined. (Figs. 43,55)

Damarius Schouteden 1907:49.Type species: Cimex Dinorhynchus Jakovlev splendidulus F. (Figs. 37,64)

Diagnosis: Form elongate. Rostrum crassate, at- Dinorhynchus Jakovlev 1876: 107. Type species: taining metacoxae; segments 11, I11 andIVsubequa1; Dinorhynchusdybowskyi Jakovlev. bucculae prominent anteriorly. Juga and tylus of NeoglypsusDistant 1881:27. Type species:Neoglypsus equal length. Pronotum about as long as wide; viridicatus Distant (=dybowskyi Jakovlev). anterolateral pronotal margins strongly sinuate with marginal bead; humeri obtusely prominent Diagnosis: Form elongate. Rostrum crassate, (fig. 43). Frenum longer than post-frenal part of attaining base of abdomen; segment I1 longest, I11 scutellum; scutellar apex narrower than coriurn. shortest; bucculae prominent, projecting away from Scent gland ruga effaced laterally, not surrounded rostrum. Juga much longer than tylus and contigu- by evaporatorium (fig. 55). Mesosternum with low, ous anteriorly. Anterolateral pronotal margins flat carina. Base of abdomen with long compressed crenulate, sinuate in dorsalview; humeri angulately spine reaching mesocoxae. Connexival angles acu- prolonged (fig. 37). Frenum longer than post-frenal minate. Profemora armate; protibia modestly di- part of scutellum; scutellar apex narrower than late. Males lack abdominal glands. coriurn. Scent gland ruga flat, spatulate, curved, extending more than halfway to metapleural mar- Remarks: Damarius bicolor appears to be a color gin (fig. 64). Base of abdomen with cylindrical variety of splendidulus. I have examined speci- tubercle, obtuse at apex, protruding between mens that are all blue, blue with a red head or a metacoxae. Connexival angles not produced. harlequin pattern of blue and red. Distant's types Profemora unarmed; protibia not dilate. Males are blue with a red head and legs. lack setose abdominal glands. Remarks: The two species are easily separated. List of Species Dinorhynchus dybowskyi is green with acute hu- meri, opulentus is tan with obtuse humeri. 1 . Damarius splendidulus (Fabricius)

Cimex splendidulus Fabricius 1803: 163. Oplomus elongatus Dallas 1852:6 [Brazil in error]. Insecta Mundi

List of Species half way to metapleural margin, not surrounded by evaporatorium (fig. 76). Mesosternum with low, flat, 1 . Dinorhynchus dybowskyi Ja kovlev carina. Profemora unarmed; protibiae not dilate. Males with ventral abdominal glands. Dorsal color Dinorhynchus dy bowskyi Jakovlev 1876:107 [Askold metallic blue or coppery green. Is.]. Neoglypsus viridicatus Distant 1881:27. List of Species Distribution: Russia, Japan, Siberia, China, Ko- rea. 1. Dorycoris pavoninus (Westwood)

References: Okamoto (1942) [biology, figures]; Pentatoma pavonina Westwood 1837:39 pthiopia]. Esaki (1952) [characters, figure]; Yang (1962) [key]; Pentatoma bronzea Westwood 1837:40 [Sierra Miyamoto (1962) [figure]; Hsiao et al. (1977) [char- Leone]. acters, photo]. Pentatoma miniatus Westwood 1837:43 [Sierra Leone]. Material examined: Japan (3); holotype female of Asopus fuscosus Germar 1837:187 [Terra Capensis]. Neoglypsus viridicatus was examined in BMQdH). Asopus annulipes Germar 1837:187 [Africa meridionalis] Zicrona pavonina: Dallas 1851:108. Zicrona annulipes: Signoret 1861:922. 2. Dinorhynchus opulentus (Distant) Dorycoris pavoninus: Mayr 1864:906. Claudia pavonina: Stdl 1864:75. Neoglypsus opulentus Distant 1890:159 [Hubei]. Claudia nudiventris Stdl 1864:75 [Sierra Leone]. Dinorhynchus opulentus: Kirkaldy 1909a:26. Rhaphigaster perornatus Walker 1868:567. Dorycoris nudiuentris: Stll 1870:36. Distribution: China. Dorycoris fuscosus: Stdl 1870:36. Dorycoris bronzeus: Stll 1870:36. Dorycoris rutherfordi Distant 1892:187 [Transvaal]. References: Yang (1934a) [characterized]. Dorycoris pavoninus var. miniatus: Schouteden 1905:135, P1.3. Material examined:Holotype female ofNeoglypsus Dorycoris pavoninus var. rutherfordi: Schouteden opulentus was examinedin BM(NH). 1907b:58. Dorycoris pavoninus var. nudiventris: Schouteden DORYCORlS Mayr 1907b:58. Dorycoris pavoninus var. pavoninus: Schouteden (Figs. 10,76) 1907b:58.

Dorycoris Mayr 1864:906. Type species, Pentatoma Distribution: Zaire, Gabon, Ghana, Cameroon, pavonina Westwood Botswana, Madagascar, Benin, Ivory Coast, Rwanda, Claudia Stll 1864:74. Type species, Pentatoma Sierra Leone, Guinea, Sudan, Tanzania, Nigeria, pavonina Westwood South Africa, Nigeria.

Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, reaching mesocoxae; References: Schouteden (1909) [varieties]; Cachan segment I11 and IV subequal in length, combined (1952) [characters]; Leston (1952b) [distribution]; about equal to length of 11; bucculae prominent. Gillon (1972) [characters, figure]; Linnavouri (1975) Juga and tylus of equal length. Pronotum tumid; [distribution]; Linnavouri (1982) [figure, habitat, anterolateral pronotal margin sinuate in dorsal distribution, subspecies]. view; marginal bead weak anteriorly, obsolescent laterally; humeri not produced (fig. 10). Frenal Material examined: Zaire (5), Gabon (21), Ghana margin of scutellum longer than post-frenal por- (2), Cameroon (9), Botswana (6), Tanzania (I), tion; scutellar apex narrower than corium. Benin (I), Kenya (I), Togo (2), Madagascar (I), Connexival angles not produced. Base of abdomen South Africa (I), Nigeria (7). with forwardly directed, compressed spine which reaches to mesocoxae. Scent gland ruga extending Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994

Ealda Walker brief, occupying only anterior halfofhead. Juga and (Figs. 29,69) tylus of equallength. Anterolateralpronotalmargins crenulate or denticulate; humeri prominent, ifpro- Ealda Walker 1867:409. Type species: Ealda minax longed then bispinous at apex. Frenum longer than Walker. post-frenalpartof scutellum; scutellar apex narrower than corium (fig. 35). Metasternum prominent, Diagnosis:Rostrum crassate, attaining mesocoxae; subelevated; margins not or feebly carinate. Scent segment I1 longest, shorter than I11 & IVcombined. glandperitreme flat, broad, spatulate, extending half Bucculae elevated, prominent anteriorly, obsoles- way to metapleural margin; surrounded by cent posteriorly. Juga and tylus of equal length. evaporatorium (fig. 75). Base of abdomen with short Anterolateral pronotal margins obtuse, smooth, spine protruding over metasternum. Angle of last lacking bead; humeri produced spinose and curved abdominalsegment produced acuminate. Profemora rearward; posterior angles strongly lobate (fig. 29). armate; protibia dilateor not. Setose glandular patches Frenum longer than post-frenal part of scutellum; present on abdominalventer ofmales. scutellar apex narrower than corium. Scent gland ruga flat, spatulate, curving, extending halfway to Remarks: It is generally overlooked that metapleural margin; narrowly surrounded by Bergroth (1915) erected this genus for those species evaporatorium (fig. 69). Metasternum and having a non-specialized metasternum. At the time mesosternum laterally bicarinate, carinae embrac- he erected the genus he mentioned only furcellata ing rostrum. Base of abdomen with short, pinched Wolff and eburnea Distant as specifically belonging tubercle received by emargination of metasternum. to the genus but stated that it was equivalent to Connexival angles produced, each successively more Schouteden's section B of Cantheconidea. I have produced than preceding until the fifth and sixth been able to examine a majority of the species in decidedly spinose. Femora unarmed; protibia ter- order to confirm their correct generic placement. ete. Others, especially the more recently described spe- cies, I have placed based on their descriptions. Remarks: Distant (1900a) considers this genus to be near Hoploxys Dallas. Since male specimens are List of Species unknown the presence of pilose abdominal glands is likewise unknown. 1. Eocanthecona binotata (Distant) [NEW COMBINATION]

1. Ealda minax Walker Canthecona binotata Distant 1879:47 [Assam]. Cantheconidea binotata: Schouteden 1907b:45. Ealda minax Walker 1867:409 [New Caledonia]. Distribution: India, China Distribution: New Caledonia. References: Distant (1902) [characters];Hsiaoet al. References: Distant (1900a) [characters]; Distant (1977) [keyed, figures, photo]; Ahmad & Rana (1988) (1920) [distribution]. keyed]. Material examined: Syntypes, 2 females, were Material examined: Determined specimens in examined in BM(NH). Also, New Caledonia (1). BM(NH). Eocanthecona Bergroth 2. Eocanthecona concinna (Walker) (Figs. 35,75) CantheconaconcinnaWalker 1867: 13 1 [Hong Kong]. EocantheconaBergroth 1915484. Type species: Cimex Cantheconidea concinna: Kirkaldy 1910:104. furcellata Wolff Eocanthecona concinna: Miyamoto 1965b: 229.

Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, segment IV Distribution: China, Taiwan. equal to 111; bucculae elevated, prominent but 176 Insecta Mundi

References: Yang (1934a) [characters, figure], photo]; Mittal & Leelamma (1981) [chromosomes]; Kirkaldy (1910) [characters];Hsiaoet al. (1977) keyed, Zhang (1985) [characters, figure]; Ahmad & Rana figures, photo]. (1988) [characters, keyed, figure]; Yasuda & Wakamura (1992) [rearing]; Senrayan & Material examined:Determined specimens in Brit- Ananthakrishnan (1991) [prey, reproductionl. ish Museum. Also, China (3). Material examined: Determined specimens in 3, Eocanthecona eburnea Bergroth BM(NH) and USNM. Also: India (1I), Thailand (6), Taiwan (5), Phillipines (1). Eocanthecona eburnea Bergroth 19 15:485 [Luzon]. 6. Eocantheconajapanicola (Esaki & Distribution: Phillipines. Ishihara) [NEW COMBINATION]

References: Bergroth (19 15) [description]. Asopus hirayamae Suzuki 1915:17 [nomen nudum]. Cantheconideajapanicola Esaki & Ishihara 1950:54 4. Eocanthecona formosa (Horvath) [Honshu].

Cantheconidea formosa Horvlth 1911:432 Distribution: Japan. [Formosa]. Canthecona furcellata var. formosana: Shiraki References: Esaki & Ishihara (1950) [description, 1913:210. keys, figure]; Esaki (1952) [characters, figure]. Cantheconidea formosana Sonan 1927:42 [Formosa]. NEW SYNONYMY Eocanthecona formosa: Hoffman 1948:12. 7. Eocanthecona kyushuensis (Esaki & Ishihara) Distribution: Taiwan ContheconideakyushuensisEsaki& Ishihara 1950:57 References: Esaki (1926) [synonymy, distribu- [Kyushu]. tion]; Sonan (1927) [description as new species]; Eocanthecona kyushuensis: Miyamoto 1962:80. Hoffman (1948) [characters, nomenclature]. Distribution: Japan.

5. Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) References: Esaki & Ishihara (1950) [description, keys, figure]; Miyamoto (1965) [nomenclature, fig- Cimex furcellatus Wolff1801:176 [India Orientalis]. ure]. Arma armigera Herrich-Schaeffer 1844:113 [Ben- gall. Canthecona furcellata: Dallas 1851:91. 8. Eocanthecona latipes (StAl) [NEW Cantheconidea furcellata: Schouteden 1907b:45. COMBINATION] Eocanthecona furcellata: Bergroth 1915:484. Canthecona latipes Still 1871:619 [Phillipines]. Distribution:Phlllipines, India, SriLanka, Burma, Cantheconidea latipes: Kirkaldy 1909a:13. Java, Molucca Is., Caroline Is. (Palau), Bangladesh, Taiwan, China, Japan, Thailand. Distribution: Phillipines.

References: Distant (1902) [characters, figures]; Material examined: Determined specimens in Horvath (1911) [description]; Bergroth (1915) [tax- BM(NH) onomy]; Esaki (1926) [taxonomy, distribution]; Sonan (1927) [characters, distribution, prey]; 9. Eocanthecona mitis (Vollenhoven) [NEW Chaterjee (1934) [prey, life history]; Hoffmann COMBINATION] (1948) [prey, distribution]; Ruckes (1963) [charac- ters, distribution]; Sen et al. (1971) [biology, life Canthecona mitis Vollenhoven 1868:7 [Amboine]. cycle]; Ahmad et al. (1974) [biology, figure]; Chu & Platynopus mitis: Walker 1868:529. Chu (1975) [prey, fecundity]; Hsiao et al. (1977) Canthecona mitis: St41 1870:229. [keyed, figures, photo]; Chandra (1980) [prey, Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994 177

Cantheconidea mitis: Kirkaldy 1909a:13. 14. Eocanthecona populusi (Ahmad & Rana) [NEW COMBINATION]. Distribution: Indonesia. Canthecona populusi Ahmad & Rana 1988: 80 10. Eocanthecona neotibialis (Ahmad & [Punjab]. Rana) [NEW COMBINATION] Distribution: Pakistan. Canthecona neotibialis Ahmad & Rana 1988:75 [Abbotabad]. References: Ahmad & Rana (1988) [original de- scription, key, figures]. Distribution: Pakistan. 15. Eocanthecona robusta (Distant) [NEW References: Ahmad & Rana (1988) [original de- COMBINATION] scription, key, figures]. Picromerus robustus Distant 1879:48 [Assam]. 11. Eocanthecona ornatula (Distant) [NEW Canthecona robusta: Distant 1902:250. COMBINATION] Cantheconidea robusta: Kirkaldy 1909a:13.

Canthecona ornatula Distant 1908:451 [Darjeeling]. Distribution: India, New Guinea, Phillipines, Sri Cantheconidae [sic] ornatula: Kirkaldy Lanka, China, Sumatra, Java, Australia. 1909a:366. References: Black (1968) [distribution]; Ahmad & Distribution: India, Burma. Rana (1988) [keyed].

References: Distant (1908) [original description]; Material examined: Determined specimens in Ahmad & Rana (1988) [keyed]. BM(NH). Also: India (I), Australia (I), Sri Lanka (2), Java (1). Material examined: Type specimens in BM(NH). 16. Eocanthecona rufescens (Vollenhoven) 12. Eocanthecona panla (Distant) [NEW [NEW COMBINATION] COMBINATION] Canthecona rufescens Vollenhoven 1868:6 [Jav,a]. Canthecona parva Distant 1902250. mysore]. Cantheconidea rufescens:Kirkaldy 1909a:13. Cantheconidea parva: Schouteden 1907b:46. Canthecona rufescens var. similis Jensen-Haarup 193 1:324. Distribution: Burma, India, Taiwan. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Sumatra. References: Distant (1908) [original description], Hsiao et al. (1977) [figure]; Ahmad & Rana (1988) References: Jensen-Haarup (193 1) [new variety]. [characters, keyed, prey]. Material examined: Determined specimens in Material examined: India, Taiwan. BM(NH). Also: Sumatra (7), Java (3).

13. Eocanthecona plebeja (Vol lenhoven) 17. Eocanthecona shikokuensis (Esaki & [NEW COMBINATION] Ishihara) [NEW COMBINATION]

Canthecona plebeja Vollenhoven 1868:7 [Ternate] CantheconideashikokuensisEsaki&Ishihara 1950:55 Cantheconidea plebeja: Kirkaldy 1909a:13. [Shikoku].

Distribution: Molucca Islands. Distribution: Japan. Insecta Mundi

References: Esaki & Ishihara (1950) [description, late; humeri acutelyproduced. Frenum longer than keys, figure]. post-frenalportion of scutellum; apex narrower than corium. Lateral extension of scent gland peritreme 18. Eocanthecona thomsoni (Distant) [NEW short, not reaching half-way tometapleuralmargin. COMBINATION] Base ofabdomen lacking spine or tubercle. Connexival angles produced as short, conicaltubercles. Profemora Cantheconidea thomsoni Distant 1911:35 1 with anteapical spine; protibia not dilate. Males lack [N.E.China]. setose abdominal patches.

Distribution: China. 1. Friarius alluaudi (Schouteden)

References: Distant (19 11) [description]; Yang Canthecona alluaudi Schouteden 1905:143 [Ethio- (1934a) [characters]; Hsiao et al. (1977) Feyed, pia]. figures, photo]. Friarius alluaudi: Schouteden 1907b:42.

Material examined: Determined specimens in Distribution: Ethiopia, Madagascar. BM(NH). Also: China (1). References: Cachan (1952) [characters, keyed] 19.. Eocanthecona tibialis (Distant) [NEW Material examined: One determined specimen in COMBINATION] BM(NH). Canthecona tibialis Distant 1879:46 [Assam] Cantheconidea tibialis: Kirkaldy 1909a:13. Glypsus Dallas (Figs. 6,32,66) Distribution: India, Burma. Glypsus Dallas 1851:93. Type species: Asopus vigil References: Distant (1902) [characters]; Ahmad Germar (see remarks below) not Glypsus bouvieri & Rana (1988) [keyed]. Schouteden (new name for G. vigil Germar sensu Dallas) invalid designation by Schouteden (1907b); not Edessa moesta Germar, invalid des- Material examined: Determined specimens in ignation by Kirkaldy (1909a). BMNH. Also, India (1 male). Paraglypsus Schouteden 1907b:3 1 (Subgenus). Type species: Edessa moesta Germar (=conspicuus 20. Eocanthecona vollenhoveni (Breddin) (Westwood)) designation by Kirkaldy (1909a). [NEW COMBINATION] Epiglypsus Schouteden 1907b:3 1 (Subgenus). Type species: Glypsus truculentus Walker 1868: 132by monotypy. Canthecona vollenhoveni Breddin 1902:95. [Java] Cataglypsus Kirkaldy 1909a:27 (Subgenus). Type Cantheconidea vollenho veni: Kirkaldy 1909a:13. species: Glypsus bouvieri Schouteden. Distribution: Java, Indonesia. Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, segment I1 longest, References: Gaedicke (197 1) [types]. I11 and IV subequal in length, combined longer than 11; bucculae prominent and closed behind. Material examined: specimens in BMNH Juga sometimes convergent anteriorly. Anterolateral pronotal margins denticulate or Friarius Schouteden crenulate. Frenum longer than postfrenal part of scutellum; apex narrower than corium (fig. 32). Friarius Schouteden 1907:42. Type species: Orificial peritreme of scent gland elongate, curv- Canthecona alluaudi Schouteden ing, flat, spatulate, extending half-way to metapleural margin (fig. 66). Margins of Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, attaining base metasternum sometimes carinate, receiving apex of abdomen; segment I1 longest, I11 and IV sube- of rostrum. Profemora with anteapical spine; qual. Bucculae prominent. Juga and tylus equal in protibia variable; not, slightly or strongly dilate. length. Anterolateral pronotal margins denticu- Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994

Basal abdominal tubercle is bifid or sulcate (fig. 6). 2. Glypsus bouvieri Schouteden Males lack setose abdominalglands. Glypsus bouvieri Schouteden 1904:140 [Belgian Remarks: Schouteden and Kirkaldy generated Congo]. considerable confusion by their invalid designa- Glypsus (Glypsus) bouvieri: Schouteden 1907b:31. tions of type-species. Glypsus was founded by Dal- Glypsus (Cataglypsus) bouvieri Kirkaldy 1909a:27. las (1851) to include five species: vigil Germar, moestus Germar, conspicuus Westwood, javanus Distribution: Benin, Kenya, Angola, Nigeria, Ivory Dallas, and luridus Dallas, without designating Coast, Ghana, Zaire, Tanzania, Ethiopia. any as type. Schouteden (1907b) determined that the species listed by Dallas (1851) as "vigil ? References: Linnavouri (1982) [distribution]. Germar" pertained to a species described by him as bouvieri and therefore designated it as type- Material examined:Angola (2), Nigeria (I),Ghana species, with the statement "Type du genre. - (3). Glypsus Bouvieri Schouteden (vigil Dallas, nec Germar)." Under the rules of nomenclature QCZN 3. Glypsus carinulatus Bergroth Article 69a) a designated type-species must be one of the originally included nominal species. Thus, Glypsus carinulatus Bergroth 1904:32 [Sudan]. bouvieri cannot be the type. Kirkaldy's (1909a) Glypsus (Glypsus) carinulatus: Schouteden 1907:31. subsequent designation of Edessa moes ta Germar Glypsus (Cataglypsus) carinulatus: Kirkaldy as type-species was also invalid, even though it was 1909a:27. a species originally included by Dallas, because it was not included in Schouteden's concept of the Distribution: Sudan, Zaire, Nigeria, Guinea, Ivory nominal subgenus when he established subgenera Coast. of Glypsus. Actually, Distant (1902) had already designated Asopus vigil Germar as the type of the References: Gillon (1972) [characters, immatures, genus. Also, since vigil is the only species included figure]; Linnavouri (1975) [lectotype designated]. by name in both the original founding of Glypsus Dallas and the subgenus Glypsus sensu Schouteden, Material examined: Zaire (1). it would become type as the only available name under ICZN Articles 68b and 69a. 4. Glypsus conspicuus (Westwood) The fact that these subgeneric distinctions should be disregarded as unsupportable on morpho- Aelia conspicua Westwood 1837:33 [Africainteriori]. logical criteria does not relieve subsequent revisers Edessa moesta Germar 1837:161. Asopus moestus: Herrich-Schaeffer 1844:113, fig. from adherence to this regulation. Thus, Kirkaldy's 778. subgeneric rearrangement is invalid while Glypsus conspicuus: Dallas 1851:93. Schouteden's subgeneric arrangement is relevant Glypsus moestus: Dallas 1851:93. only for the purposes of nomenclature. Glypsus pictiventris St&l 1853:213 [Africa meridionalis]. List of Species Glypsus conspicuus var. moestus: Schouteden 1905:206. Glypsus (Paraglypsus) conspicuus: Schouteden 1. Glypsus abdominalis Cachan 1907b:31. Glypsus (Glypsus) conspicuus: Kirkaldy 1909a:27. Glypsus (Glypsus) abdominalis Cachan 1952:300 [Madagascar]. Distribution: South Africa, Sudan, Tchad, Botswana, Angola, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Distribution: Madagascar. Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zaire, Zimbabwe. References: Cachan (1952) [description, figures]. References:Mossop (1927) [biology, figure]; Leston (1952) [status of variety moesta]; Le Pelley (1959) Insecta Mundi

[prey]; Gillon (1972) [characters, figure]; Linnavouri Material examined: Determined specimens in (1975) [characters,distribution]. BM[NH]. Also, Ghana (2), Nigeria (I), Togo (I), Angola (1). Material examined: The syntype series of Edessa rnoesta Germar, consistingof three females locatedin 8. Glypsus luridus Dallas the Humboldt University Museum (Berlin) were ex- amined. Also: determined specimens in BM(NH), Glypsus luridus Dallas 1851:93 [Korea] Zimbabwe (14), South Africa (4), Botswana (I), Angola (I), Zaire (3), Mozambique (I), Nigeria (1). Distribution: Korea! probably in error.

5. Glypsus erubescens Distant References: Kirkaldy 1909a [status uncertain].

Glypsus erubescens Distant 1890b:55 [Belgian Material examined: I was unable to locate the Congo]. type at the BM(NH). Glypsus (Paraglypsus) erubescens: Schouteden 1907b:31. Glypsus (Glypsus) erubescens: Kirkaldy 1909a:27. 9. Glypsus nigripes Horvath

Distribution: Sudan, Niger, Nigeria, Tchad, Zaire, Glypsus (Epiglypsus) nigripes Horv4th 19 1 1:433 Ivory Coast. [Madagascar]. Glypsus (Epiglypsus) nigripes: Cachan 1952:302. References: Linnavouri (1975) [characters, lecto- Distribution: Madagascar. type designated]; Linnavouri (1982) [distribution].

Material examined: Type specimens in BM(NH). References: Cachan (1952) [status questioned]. Also, Nigeria (I), Zaire (1). 10. Glypsus sparsus (Westwood) 6. Glypsus fuscispinus St51 Aeliu sparsa Westwood 1837:33 [Sierra Leone]. Aelia assirnilis Westwood 1837:33 [Sierra Leone]. Glypsus fuscispinus Stbl 1870:47 [India! laps. cal.]. Glypsus sparsus Distant 1900b:817. Glypsus (Glypsus)fuscispinus: Schouteden 1907b:31. Glypsus (Paraglypsus) sparsus: Schouteden Glypsus (Cataglypsus) fuscispinus: Kirkaldy 1907b:31. 1909a:27. Glypsus (Glypsus) sparsus: Kirkaldy 1909a:27.

Distribution: South Africa, Ethiopia?,Tanzania. Distribution: Sierra Leone.

References:Distant (1902) [characters];Schouteden 11. Glypsus truculentus Walker (1912) [type,distribution]; Schouteden (1957) [distri- bution]. Glypsus truculentus Walker 1868:132 wada- gascar]. Glypsus (Epiglypsus) truculentus: Schouteden 7. Glypsus kuhlgatzi Schouteden 1907b:31.

Glypsus kuhlgatzi Schouteden 1904:141. [Belgian Distribution: Madagascar. Congo]. Glypsus (Glypsus) kuhlgatzi: Schouteden 1907b331. Glypsus (Cataglypsus)kuhlgatzi: Kirkaldy 1909a:27. References: Cachan (1952) [characters, figures].

Distribution: Ghana, Kenya, Sudan, Nigeria, 12. Glypsus vigil (Germar) Angola, Togo, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Zaire. Asopus vigil Germar 1837:185 [So. Africa]. References: Linnavouri (1975) [listed]. Glypsus vigil?: Dallas 185 1:93 [=bouvieri Schouteden]. Glypsus (Glypsus) vigil: Schouteden 1907b:31. Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994 18 1

Glypsus (Cataglypsus) vigil: Kirkaldy 1909a:27. Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, reaching metacoxae in repose; segment I1 longest, I11 and IV subequal, Distribution: South Africa, Zaire, Nigeria. combined longer than 11. Buccula prominent, lower posteriorly; juga and tylus of equal length. References:Le Pelley (1959) [prey]; Medler (1980) Anterolateral pronotum obtuse, marginal bead ef- [distribution]. faced; humeri elongately produced into long, acute spine (fig. 16). Frenal margin of scutellum longer Material examined: Determined specimens in than post-frenal portion; apex narrower than co- BMW-9. rium. Lateral extension of scent gland peritreme reaching slightly more than halfway to metapleural Hemallia Bergroth margin; evaporatorium reduced, not surrounding (Figs. 24, 61) peritreme (fig. 77). Mesosternum with low, obtuse carina. Connexival apices spinulate, last segment AlliaSchouteden 1907b:32.Type species:Canthecona with long spine. Base of abdomen with long com- signitenens Schouteden. pressed spine which protrudes between mesocoxae. Hemallia Bergroth 1908:131. Replacement name. Profemora unarmed; protibiae subterete. Males with pilose glandular patches on abdominalventer. Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, segment I1 long- est, I11 slightly longer or equal to IV, attaining 1. Hoploxys coeruleus Dallas metacoxae in repose. Tylus andjuga ofequallength, bucculae prominent anteriorly, obsolescent behind. Hoplozys coeruleus Dallas 1851:103 [Congo]. Anterolateral pronotal margins obtuse, crenulate in anterior half, concavely sinuate in dorsal view; Distribution: Sudan, Gabon, Cameroon, Zaire, humeri produced, acuminate (fig. 24). Posterior Rwanda. angles ofpronotum angularly lobate. Frenum longer than post-frenal part of scutellum; scutellar apex References: Villiers (1952) [characters, figure, narrower than corium. Scent gland orifice continu- distribution];Linnavouri (1975) Listed]; Linnavouri ous with short, curved sulcus not reaching halfway (1982) [habitat, distribution]. to metapleural margin (fig. 61). Metasternum not elevated. Base of abdomen with stout tubercle that Material examined: Zaire (2), Gabon (2), protrudes between metacoxae. Profemora with sub- Cameroon (4). apical spine; protibia subprismatic. Connexival seg- ment VI not produced. Males lack abdominal glands. Jalla Hahn (Figs. 47, 74) 1. Hemallia signitenens (Schouteden) CantheconasignitenensSchouteden 1905:276[Mada- Jalla Hahn 1832: 100. Type species: Cimex dumosus gascar]. L. Allia signitenens: Schouteden 1907b:52. Hemallia signitenens: Bergroth 1908:13 1. Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, segment I1 longest, Distribution:Madagascar, Mauritius. I11 shortest, I1 shorter than I1 & IVcombined; buccula prominent. Juga and tylus equal. Anterolateral References:Bergroth (1908) [homonymy, replace- pronotal margins thick, calloused, humeri not pro- ment name]; Cachan (1952) [characters]. duced (fig. 47). Frenal portion of scutellum longer than post-frenalportion; apex narrower than coriurn. Material examined: Madagascar (I), Mauritius Scent glandorificesituatedsomewhatlateradofcoxae (rather than between them); peritreme extending (1). laterally about two-thirds distance to metapleuron, Hoploxys Dallas it's apex effaced; evaporatorium reduced, not sur- roundingperitreme (fig. 74). Profemorawith anteapical (Figs. 16, 77) tubercle; protibia prismatic. Base of abdomen without tubercle. Hoploxys Dallas 1851: 103. Type species: Hoploxys coeruleus Dallas 1851. Insecta Mundi

Remarks: The species ofthis genuscan be separated Distribution: China, Mongolia, Soviet Union, Tur- by the following key. key.

1. Connexivum alternately marked ...... References: Schouteden (1907b) [figure]; Yang ...... subdilatata Reuter (1934a) [characters]; Hsiao et al. (1977) [keyed, Connexivum unicolorous ...... 2 photo].

2. Dorsal surface uniformly dark ...... Material examined: Determined specimens in ...... subcalcarata Jakovlev Base of scutellum with pale spot at each angle and BM(NH). pale longitudinal stripe on midline of pronotum and scutellum ...... dumosa (L.) 3. Jalla subdilatata Reuter

List of Species Jalla subdilatata Reuter 1900:238 [Algeria].

1 . Jalla dumosa (Linnaeus) Distribution: Algeria

Cimex dumosus Linnaeus 1758:445. References: Vidal (1949) [characters, figure]; Pentatoma dumosa: Tigny 1802:296. Lindberg (195 1) [types]. Jalla dumosa: Hahn 1832:lOl. Asopus dumosus: Burmeister 1835:378. Material Examined: Determined specimens in Stiretrus dumosus: Blanchard 1840:153. BM(NH). Jalla nigriventris Fieber 1861:347. Jalla dumosa var. nigriventris: Puton 1869:8. JALLOIDES Schouteden Jalla anthracina Jakovlev 1885:162 [Hyeres, France]. (Figs. 17, 50) Jalla subdilata var, vidua Horvdth: 1917: Jalloides Schouteden 1907b:41. Type species: Jalla Distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Austria, rubricosa Stbl Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czechoslo- vakia, Denmark, England, France, Finland, Ger- Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, attaining many, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Morroco, Neth- metasternum in repose; segment I1 longest, IV erlands, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, much longer than 111. Buccula prominent; juga Russia, Siberia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, equal in length to tylus. Anterolateral pronotum Tunisia, Turkey, Yugoslavia. with or without a marginal bead. Frenum longer than post-frenal part of scutellum; apex narrower References: Butler (1923) piology]; Yang (1934a) than corium (fig. 17). Metasternum not prominent. [characterized,figured]; Hoffman (1948) [nymphs]; Peritreme of scent gland orifice extending later- Vidal(1949) [characters, figure]; Puchkova (1961) ally slightly more than half-way to metapleural [eggs figured]; Servadei (1967) [distribution]; Hsiao margin; surroundedby evaporatorium (fig.50). Profe- et al. (1977) [keyed,photo]; Dupuis (1949) Fost plants, mora with anteapical spine; protibia prismatic, prey, life cycle]; Mayne (1965) [distribution,habitat]; metatibia sulcate. Base of abdomen prominent but Zhang (1985) [characters, figure]; Tamanini (1988) without tubercle. Males lack setose glandular patches fieyed, figure]; Gollner-Scheiding & Arnold (1988) on abdominalventer. [distribution]. Remarks: The two species of this genus both occur Material examined: Determined specimens in in Australia and can be separated by the following BM(NH). Also: Moravia (I), Germany (I), Afghani- key. stan (I), Spain (I), Hungary (2). 1. Anterolateral pronotal margin beaded; dorsal color solid red ...... opulentus Distant. 2. Jalla subcalcarata Jakovlev - Anterolateral pronotal margin without a distinct bead; with three black spots on pronotum ...... Jalla subcalcarata Jakovlev 1885: 163 [Songaria, ...... rubricosus Stbl. Kazahkstan]. Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994 183

List of Species Remarks: The subgeneric distinctions recognized by Schouteden (1907) can be disregarded. Thecharacter 1. Jalloides opulentus Distant separating Moyara from Leptolobus, the degree of jugal dilation and the extent ofpronotalconstriction Jalloides opulentus Distant 191 1:349 [Queensland]. is slight and only in L. insignis is the difference detectable at all. Distribution: Australia. List of Species References: Distant (191 1) [description]. 1. Leptolobus eburneatus Karsch Material examined: Holotype in BM(NH) was examined. Also, Australia (1). Leptolobus eburneatusKarsch 1892:482[Cameroon]. Leptolobus eburneatus var. thoracicus Schouteden 2. Jalloides rubricosa (StGI) 1902:237. Leptolobus eburneatus var. decipiens Schouteden 1905:169. Jalla rubricosa StAl 1870:34 [Australia]. Leptolobus (Leptolobus) eburneatus: Schouteden Jalloides rubricosa: Schouteden 1907b:41. 1907b:17. Leptolobus (Leptolobus) thoracicus: Schouteden Distribution: Australia. 1907b:17. Leptolobus eburneatus var. thoracicus: Kirkaldy References: Gross (1975) [figure, characters]. 1909a:29. Leptolobus thoracicus: Schouteden 1910:404. Material examined: Determined specimens in Leptolobus thoracicus var. dispar: Schouteden BM(NH). 1929:63 [Congo]. Leptolobus Signoret Distribution: Cameroon, Guinea, Kenya, Zaire. (Figs. 34,70) References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [synonymy]; Schouteden (1929) [variety]; Villiers (1952) [char- LeptolobusSignoret 1855:63.Type species: Leptolobus acters of decipiens, thoracicus]; Miller (1956) [fig- rnurray i Signoret. Moyara Distant 1898:314. Type species: Moyara ure]. insignis Distant. Leptolobus subgenus Moyara: Schouteden 1907b:17. Material examined: Determined specimens in BM(NH). Also: Cameroon (15). Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, segment I1 longest, I11 shortest; bucculae prominent and closed be- hind. Juga dilate and reflexed, head not as long as 2. Leptolobus insignis (Distant) pronotum; eyes separate from anterior border of pronotum. Pronotum with a strong, medialconstric- Moyara insignis Distant 1898:314 [Zomba]. tion, thorax anterior to constriction globose; Leptolobus insignis: Schouteden 1905:172. anterolateralborder with thin marginal bead; humeri Leptolobus (Moyara) insignis: Schouteden 190713:17. elongate,spinose (fig. 34). Post-frenalportionofscutel- lum shorter than frenalborder; apex narrowed. Scent Distribution:Malawi. gland orifice opens on to a smooth area with an elongate ruga on its posterior margin; evaporatorium References: Schouteden (1905) [figure]. divided into a v-shaped configuration (fig. 70). Mesosternum with low, flat carina. Metasternum Material examined:Type specimen in BMO. weakly elevated, lateral margins thinly carinate. Profemora with anteapical spine;protibiae prismatic. 3. Leptolobus karschi Schumacher Base of abdomen with inconspicuous, low, broad tubercle. Males with pair of glandular setosepatches Leptolobus karschiSchumacher 1912:22[Cameroon]. on abdominalventer. Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic. Insecta Mundi

References: Schumacher (1912) [description]. Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment I1 longest, I11 shortest; buccula closed behind. Juga and tylus 4. Leptolobus martini (Schouteden). subequal in length. Anterolateral pronotal margin obtuse, rugulose anteriorly, concave in dorsalview. Moyara martini Schouteden 1904:138 [Uganda]. Humeri prominent, angularly produced. Posterior Leptolobus martini: Schouteden 1905:171. angles of pronotum with minute hook or small tooth Leptolobus (Moyara) martini: Schouteden 1907b:18. (fig. 33). Frenum longer than post-frenal part of Leptolobus (Leptolobus) martini: Kirkaldy 1909a:29 scutellum; apex narrower than corium. Scent gland sulcus reaching half-way to metapleural margin, Distribution: Cameroon, Uganda. apex effaced, not surrounded by evaporatorium (fig. 81). Mesosternum bifurcate posteriorly. Basal References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [subgeneric place- abdominal spine long, compressed, surpassing men t]. mesocoxae. Connexival angles acutely produced into minute spines. Profemora with anteapical Material examined: Determined specimens in spine; protibia not or weakly dilate. BM(NH). Also: Uganda (I), Cameroon (4). Key to Subgenera 5. Leptolobus murrayi Signoret 1. Males with setose patches on abdominal venter; Leptolobus murrayi Signoret 1855:63 [Guinea]. ocelli rounded, small, distance from eye to ocelli Leptolobus (Leptolobus) murrayi: Schouteden twice ocellar diameter. Protibiae prismatic .... 1907b: 18...... Macrorhaphis - Males lack setose patches on abdominal venter; Distribution: Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Guinea, ocelli large, elliptical, distance from eye to ocel- Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone. lus equal to ocellar diameter; protibiae with carinate ectodorsal margin ...... Megarhaphis References: Leston (1952b) [listed]; Villiers (1952) [Characters, figure]; Linnavouri (1982) [distribu- List of Species tion]. Subgenus Macrorhaphis Dallas Material examined: Determined specimens in BM(NH). Also: Cameroon (7). 1. Macrorhaphis dallasi Schouteden

6. Leptolobus zanzibaricus Bolivar Macrorhaphis dallasi Schouteden 1905:181 [Mada- gascar]. Leptolobus zanzibaricus Bolivar 1879:136 [Zanzi- Macrorhaphis dallasi var. signata Schouteden bar]. 1905182. Leptolobus (Moyara) zanzibaricus: Schouteden Macrorhaphis (Megarhaphis) dallasi: Schouteden 1905:173, fig. 47. 1907b:39. Macrorhaphis (Macrorhaphis) dallasi: Schmitz Distribution:Somalia, Tanzania. 1976:371.

References: Schouteden (1907b) [figure]. Distribution: Madagascar, Tanzania, Uganda.

Macrorhaphis Dallas References: Cachan (1952): [characters, key, fig- (Figs. 33, 81 ) ure]. Material examined: Determined specimen (male) Macrorhaphis Dallas 1851~87.Type species: Asopus leprosus Germar. in BM(N1-I). Also, Uganda (I),Tanzania (1). MegarhaphisWhite 1878:463.Type species:Megarhaphis wollastoni White. 2. Macrorhaphis leprosa (Germar) Mcacrorhcaphis subgenus Megarhaphis: Schouteden 1907b:39. Asopus leprosus Germar 1837:186 [South Africa]. Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994

Asopus tristis Herrich-Schaeffer 1844: 120 References: Schmitz (1976) [key, characters, fig- [Transvaal]. ures]. Macrorhaphis leprosa: Dallas 185 1237. Macrorhaphis tristis: StAl 1865:65. Material examined: Type specimens in BM(NH). Macrorhaphis (Macrorhaphis) leprosa: Schouteden 1907b:39.

Distribution: South Africa, Zaire. Mattinina Schouteden

References: Schmitz (1976) [characters]. Martinia Schouteden 1907a:49. Type species: Martinia inexpectata Schouteden. Homonym. Material examined: Determined specimens in Martinina Schouteden 1907a:76. New name. Incitatus Distant 1908:453. Type species: Incitatus BM(NH). primus Distant. [NEW SYNONYMY]

Subgenus Megarhaphis Buchanan-White Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, attainingmetacoxae; segment I11 longest, IV shortest or I11 and IV 3. Macrorhaphis acuta Dallas subequal. Buccula elevated and united behind. Juga longer than tylus but not convergent in front. Macrorhaphis acuta Dallas 1851:88. Anterolateral pronotal margins denticulate; hu- Macrorhaphis spurcata Walker 1868:531 [Natal]. meri thickly produced. Frenal portion of scutellum Macrorhaphis infuscata Walker 1868:531 [Why- longer than post-frenal part; apex narrower than dah]. corium. Scent gland ruga reaching about half way Mecosoma spinosum Horvhth 1892:258 [Quilimane]. Macrorhaphis acuta var. infuscata: Schouteden to metapleural margin or slightly longer. 1905:531. Prosternum weakly carinate anteriorly; Macrorhaphis (Megarhaphis) acuta: Schouteden mesosternum with weak carina which is broader 1907b:39. posteriorly; metasternum elevatedand weaklycon- cave. Base of abdomen with small spinose tubercle Distribution: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Canary directed in apposition to metasternum. Profemora Is., Cape Verde Is., Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea unarmed; protibiae prismatic. Males without se- Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Malawi, Madagascar, tose abdominal glands. Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, South Africa, Tanzania, Zaire, Zimbabwe. Remarks: Both Distant and Schouteden described their respective new species as monotypic genera, References: Cachan (1952) [characters, key, fig- each probably unaware of the others almost simu'lta- ures]; Le Pelley (1959) [prey]; Abasa & Mathenge neous work. Their descriptions doindicate differences (1974) [prey, biology]; Linnavouri (1975) [listed]; in the length of the scent gland ruga and relative Schmitz (1976) [characters, key, figures];Linnavouri lengths of the last two rostra1 segments. Martinia (1982) Fabitat, distribution]. ferrugineaHsiao & Zheng was transferred to Armaby Zheng (1980). Material examined: Madagascar (I), Kenya (7), Malawi (2), Botswana (2), Ghana (4), Mozambique List of Species (I), Zimbabwe (45),Angola (5), Ethiopia (I),Tanzania (1). 1. Mattinina inexpectata Schouteden

4. Macrorhaphis wollastoni White Martinia inexpectata Schouteden 1907a:49 [Tibet]. Martinina inexpectata Schouteden 1907a:76. Megarhaphis wollastoni White 1878:463 [St. Hel- ena]. Distribution: China. Macrorrhaphis wolhtoni: Bergroth 1893:124. Macrorhaphis(Megarhaphis)wolhtoni: Schouteden References:Schouteden (1907b) [figure];Yang(1934) 1907b:39. [characterized];Hsiao et al. (1977) Feyed]. Distribution:St. Helena Is. Insecta Mundi

2. Martinina prima (Distant) [NEW Distribution: Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mali, Zaire, Zim- COMBINATION] babwe.

Incitatus primus Distant 1908:453 [India]. Material examined:Kenya (I), Zimbabwe (1).

Distribution: India. 3. Mecosoma mensor Germar

References: Distant (1908) [original description, Asopus mensor Germar 1837:186. [So. Africa]. figure]. Rhaphigaster mensor: Herrich-Schaeffer 1846:713 Mecosoma mensor: Dallas 185 1:77. Material examined: Holotype, female (BM[NH]). Mecosoma Marshalii: Distant 1898:308 [Mashonaland]. Mecosoma thoracata Distant 1901:61 [Mashonaland]. Mecosoma Dallas (Figs. 27,80) Distribution: Botswana, Mozambique, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Zim- Mecosoma Dallas 1851: 77. Type species: Asopus babwe. mensor Germar. References: Leston (1952a) [listed]; Linnavouri Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, reaching metacoxae (1975) [listed], Linnavouri (1982) [distribution]. in repose; segment I1 longest, I, I11 & IV subequal in length; bucculae united and moderately promi- Material examined: Botswana (1). nent posteriorly. Juga and tylus of equal length. Anterolateralpronotalmargins narrowly calloused, Montrouzieriellus Kirka Idy sinuate in dorsalview; humeri obtuse, only slightly (Figs. 22, 53) prominent (fig. 27). Scutellar frenum longer than post-frenal portion; apex narrower than corium. Heteropus Spinola 1837:337 (homonym). Type spe- Scent gland ruga flat, spatulate, extending slightly cies: Heteropus lefebvrei Spinola. more than halfway to metapleural margin (fig. 80). AcanthomeraMontrouzier 1864:225(homonym). Type Base of abdomen with long compressed spine, species: Pentatoma melacanthum Boisduval clearly surpassing mesocoxae; abdominal apices (=Pentatornu falleni GuBrin-MQneville). spinulate. Profemora unarmed; protibia prismatic. Montrouzieriellus Kirkaldy 1908:124 (replacement Males with ventral abdominalglands. name). Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate. Juga and tylus of equallength, not convergent. Anterolateralpronotal List of Species margins smooth, lacking a marginal bead. Humeri strongly produced (fig. 22). Frenalportion of scutel- 1 . Mecosoma coquerelii S ignoret lum longer than post-frenalportion; apex narrower than corium. Base of abdomen with Mecosoma coquerelii Signoret 1861:922 madagas- short, forwardly directed, compressed spine. Api- car]. ces of abdominal segment VII produced into short spine. Metasternum elevated with carinate margins, Distribution: Madagascar. these carinae often pronounced. Scent gland ruga curved, attaining half the distance to metapleural References: Cachan (1952) [characters]. margin, surrounded by evaporatori- um (fig. 53). Profemora with subapical spine. 2. Mecosoma floridum Distant. Protibiae terete or subprismatic; metatibiae ter- ete. Males with pair of setose glandular patches on Mecosoma florida Distant 1890b:54 [Congo]. abdominal venter. Mecosoma floridum Schouteden 1907b:63. Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994

List of Species References: Schouteden (1907b) [figure].

I . Montrouzieriellus borneensis (Distant) Material examined:New Guinea (1).

Platynopus borneensis Distant 1900c:696 [Borneo]. 4. Montrouzieriellus laetus (Walker) Platynopus (Acanthomera) borneensis: Schouteden 1907b:48. Platynopus laetus Walker 1867:127 [New Guinea]. Platynopus (Montrouzierellus) borneensis: Kirkaldy Platynopus dotatus Walker 1867:128 [Celebes]. 1909a:11. Platynopus semiscitus Walker 1867:129 [Gilolo]. Canthecona decorata Vollenhoven 1868:9 Distribution: Borneo. [Halmaheira]. Platynopus decoratus: Sthl 1870:40. Platynopus (Acanthomera) laetus: Schouteden 2. Montrouzieriellus falleni (Guerin- 1907b:48. Meneville) Platynopus (Montrouzierellus) laetus: Kirkaldy 1909a:11. Pentatoma falleni GuBrin-MBneville 1831: P1. 11, fig. 7. Distribution: Celebes, Malaysia, Mollucas, New Pentatoma melacanthum Boisdoval 1835:628. Guinea. Pentatoma fallenii GuBrin-MBneville 1838:165. Heteropus melacanthum: Montrouzier 1861:61. References: Distant (1900~)[synonymy]; Black Acanthomera melacantha: Montrouzier 1864:226 Platynopus melacanthus: Mayr 1866:32. (1968) [distribution]. Platynopus tenellus Walker 1867:127 [New Guinea]. Canthecona apicalis Vollenhoven 1868:6. Material examined: New Guinea (1). Canthecona biguttata Vollenhoven 1868:8. Platynopus apicalis: Walker 1868:529. 5. Montrouzieriellus lefebvrei (Spi no la) Platynopus (Acanthomera) melacanthus: Schouteden 1907b:48. Heteropus lefebvrei Spinola 1837:337 [Java]. Platynopus (Montrouzieriellus) melacanthus: Platynopus lefebvrei: Stll 1870:41. Kirkaldy 1909a:1 1. Platynopus (Acanthomera) lefebvrei: Schouteden 1907b:48. Distribution: Admiralty Is., Austral Is., Caroline Platynopus (Montrouzierellus) lefebvrei: Kirkaldy Is., Bismarck Is., Fiji, Gilbert Is., Marshall Is., 1909a:11. Moluccas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Hebrides, Samoa, Solomon Is., Tahiti. Distribution: Java.

References: China (1930) [distribution, biology]; 6. Montrouzieriellus minor (Ellenreider) Dupuis (1952) [nomenclature]; Ruckes (1963)[char- acters, distribution];, Black (1968) [distribution]. Platynopus minor Ellenreider 1862:135 [Dutch indies] Platynopus (Acanthomera) minor: Schouteden Material examined: Admiralty Is. (I), New Guinea 1907b:48. Platynopus (Montrouzierellus) minor: Kirkaldy

(6)+ 1909a:12. 3. Montrouzieriellus inermis (Schouteden) Distribution: Sumatra. Platynopus inermis Schouteden 1907a:51 [New guinea]. 7. Montrouzieriellus purparascens (Walker) Platynopus (Acanthomera) inermis: Schouteden 1907b:48. Platynopus purparascens Walker 1868:530 [Ceram]. Platynopus (Montrouzierellus) inermis Kirkaldy Platynopus (Acanthomera) purparascens: 1909a: 11. Schouteden 1907b:48 Platynopus (Montrouzierellus) purparascens: Distribution: New Guinea. Kirkaldy 1909a:12. Insecta Mundi

Distribution: Mollucas. List of Species

8. Montrouzieriellus turneri(Distant) NEW 1 . Oechalia acuta Usinger COMBINATION Oechalia (Hawaiicola) acuta Usinger 194 1:82 ma- Platynopus turneri Distant 1911:351 [Queensland] waii].

Distribution: Australia. Distribution: Hawaiian Is.

References: Distant (191 1) [description]. References: Usinger (1941) [revision]; Zimmerman (1948) [figure]. Material examined: Queensland (1). Material examined: Female, no data (1). Oechalia St Al (Figs. 26,79) 2. Oechalia bryani Usinger

Oechalia Stbl 1862:93. Type species: Arma Oechalia (Hawaiicola) bryani Usinger 194 1:81 [Ha- schellenbergi GuBrin-MBneville (=Pentatornu waii]. consocialis Boisduval). Oechalia subgenus Hawaiicola Kirkaldy 1909b:83. Distribution: Hawaiian Is. Type species: Asopus griseus Burmeister. References:Usinger (1941) [revision]; Zimmerman Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, extending only to (1948) [figure]. mesocoxae; segment I1 longest, I, I11 and IV subequal; bucculae diminuitive, obsolescent be- Material examined: Male, no data (1). hind. Tylus and juga equal in length, apices ofjuga convergent, constricting apexof tylus. Anterolateral 3. Oechalia ferruginea Usinger pronotal margins rugulose; humeri angulate, pro- duced; posterior angles lobate (fig. 26). Frenal mar- Oechalia (Hawaiicola) ferruginea Usinger 1941:85 gin of scutellum longer than post-frenal portion; [Hawaii]. apex narrowed, much narrower than corium. Pro- and mesosternum concavely depressed; Distribution: Hawaiian Is. metasternum weakly angularly produced. Anteroventral propleural carina terminating me- References:Usinger (1941) [revision]; Zimmerman sially in short lobe just anterior to procoxae. Scent (1948) [figure]. gland orifice slit-like,lacking auricle, ruga or sulcus (fig. 79). Abdominal spine robust, long, extending to 4. Oechalia grisea (Burmeister) mesocoxae. Lateral apices of abdominal segments, including VII, minutely acute. Protibiae prismatic; Asopusgriseus Burmeister 1834:293 [Oahu]. profemora unarmed. Males lack setose abdominal Arma grisea Dallas 185 1:97. patches. Oechalia grisea: Stbl 1862:93. Oechalia (Hawaiicola) grisea: Kirkaldy 1909b:82. Remarks: I do not find sufficient grounds for maintaining a separate subgenus for 0. schellen- Distribution: Hawaiian Is. bergi and consider Hawaiicola Kirkaldy to be a junior synonym of Oechalia StAl. The geographic References: Kirkaldy (1909b) [taxonomy, figures]; distribution is interesting. Oechalia schellenbergi is Schumacher (1917) [eggs];Swezey (1936) [immatures, common throughout the south Pacific including Aus- prey, figures];Usinger (1941) [revision]; Heizer (195 1) tralia, but not found in the Hawaiian Islands. The [CYtQ1ogyl. other 13 species are found only in the Hawaiian Islands. In fact, it is the only pentatomid genus Material examined: Kauai (1) native to Hawaii. Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994

5. Oechalia hirtipes Van Duzee ure]; Heizer (1950) [cytology]; Nuamah (1982) [cytol- om]. Oechalia hirtipes Van Duzee 1936:221 [Kilauea]. Material examined:Hawaii (lZ), Mauna (I), Kauai Distribution: Hawaiian Is. (3), Oahu (1)

References: Van Duzee (1936) [description]; 9. Oechalia schellenbergi (Guerin- Zimmerman (1948) [figure]. Meneville)

Material examined: Paratypes: Kauai & Hawaii Pentatoma schellenbergi GuBrin-MQneville (2) 1831:pl.ll,fig. 9. Pentatoma eonsociale Boisduval 1835:630. 6. Oechalia kaonohi Kirkaldy Pentatoma schellembergii GuBrin-MQneville 1838:166. Arma schellembergii: Dallas 1851:98. Oechalia (Hawaiicola) kaonohi Kirkaldy 1909b:83 Oechulia schellenbergii: Stfil 1862:93. [Hawaii]. Rhaphigaster perfectus Walker 1867:371. Oechulia consocialis: Stfil 1870:59. Distribution: Hawaiian Is. Oechalia (Oechalia) consocialis: Kirkaldy 1909b:25.

References: Kirkaldy (1909b) [description, fig- Distribution: Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, ure]; Swezey (1936) [biology,figure]; Usinger (1941) Wake Is. Gilbert Is., Marshall Is., Bora bora, Fiji, [revision]. Tahiti, Phillipines.

Material examined: Kauai (21), Oahu (3), Maui References: Kirkaldy (1909b) [key, prey]; Usinger (1) (1941) [revision]; Woodward (1956) [synonymy]; Ruckes (1963) [characters, distribution]; Gross 7. Oechalia pacifica StAl (1975) [characters, figure, prey]; Edwards & Suck- ling (1980) [prey, development, fecundity]; Awan Arma pacifica Stdl 1859:221 [Oahu]. (1988) [behavior, development]; Awan et al. (1989) Oechalia pacifica: Still 1870:59. [prey location]. Oechalia grkea var. pacifica: Kirkaldy 1909b:83. Oechalia (Hawaiicola) pacifica: Usinger 1941:86. Material examined: Australia (34), New Zealand (2), Marshall Is. (7), Polynesia (8), Christmas Id. (7), Distribution: Hawaiian Is. Wake Is. (2), Marquesas (3) References:Kirkaldy (1909b) [synonymy];Van Duzee (1936) [characters, taxonomy]; Usinger (1941) [revi- 10. Oechalia similis Usinger sion]; Zimmerman (1948) [figure]; Heizer (1950) [cy- tology]; Nuamah (1982) [cytology]. Oechalia (Hawaiicola) similis Usinger 1941:88 [Maui].

Material examined: Maui (5), Kaui (1) Distribution: Hawaiian Is.

8. Oechalia patruelis (Sthl) References: Usinger (1941) [revision]; Zimmerman (1948) [figure]. Armapatruelis Sthl 1859:220 [Oahu]. Oechalia patruelis Stdl 1862:93. Oechalia (Hawaiicola) patruelis: Usinger 1941:62. 1 1 . Oechalia sinuata Usinger

Distribution: Hawaiian Is. Oechalia (Hawaiicola) sinuata Usinger 1942:217 [Oahu]. References: Van Duzee (1936) [synonymy]; Usinger (1941) [revision]; Zimmerman (1948) [fig- Distribution: Hawaiian Is. Insecta Mundi

References: Zimmerman (1948) keyed]. Parealda Schouteden (Figs. 21,78)

12. Oechalia suehiroae Usinger Parealda Schouteden 1907b:47. Type species: Parealda bouvieri Schouteden Oechalia (Hawaiicola) suehiroae Usinger 1941:89 [Maui]. Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, attainingmetacoxae; segment I11 slightly longer than 11, almost twice Distribution: Hawaiian Is. length of IV; bucculae attenuated. Juga and tylus of equal length. Antennifers with a swollen angular References: Usinger (1941) [revision];Zimmerman toothventrally. Anterolateral pronotalmargin nar- (1948) [figure]. rowly calloused, crenulate on anterior half; margin obsolescent on posterior half; humeri spinose, di- rected slightly rearwards (fig. 2 1).Frenal portion of 13. Oechalia swezeyi Usinger scutellum longer than post-frenal portion; scutel- lar apex narrower than corium. Meso- and Oechalia (Hawaiicola) swezeyi Usinger 1941:90 metasternum bicarinate, prolonged behind and in [Oahu]. front between coxae, embracing rostrum in repose. Scent gland ruga flat, spatulate, curved, extending Distribution: Hawaiian Is. slightly more than halfway to metapleural margin; evaporatorium completely surrounds ruga (fig. 78). References: Usinger (1941) [revision];Zimmerman Base of abdomen with spine directed in apposition (1948) [figure]. to sulcus in posterior metasternum. Connexival angles not produced except segment VI spinose. Profemora unarmed; protibia terete. Males with- 14. Oechalia virescens Usinger out setose abdominal glands.

Oechalia (Hawaiicola) virescens Usinger 1941:77 1. Parealda bouvieri Schouteden [Kauai]. Parealda bouvieri Schouteden 1907b:48 mariana Distribution: Hawaiian Is. Is.].

References: Usinger (1941) [revision];Zimmerman Distribution: Mariana Is. (Saipan, Guam, Rota). (1948) [figure]. References: Ruckes (1963) [characters, distribu- Material examined: Oahu (1). tion, synonymy]. Material examined: Saipan (determined by H. Ruckes), Guam (1). 15. Oechalia virgula Van Duzee

Oechulia virgula Van Duzee 1936:220 mawaii]. Perillus St Al Oechulia (Hawaiicola) virgula: Usinger 1941:72. Perillus StAl 1862:88. Type species: Asopus confluens Distribution: Hawaiian Is. Herrich-Schaeffer, designation by Schouteden (1907b). Mineus StAl 1867:498. Type species: Podisus strigipes References: Van Duzee (1936) [description]; Herrich-Schaeffer by monotypy. Usinger (1941) [revision]; Zimmerman (1948) [fig- Perilloides Schouteden 1907b:37. Type species: Cimex ure]. bioculatus F. Gordonerius Distant 1887:343. Type species: Oplomus Material examined: Paratypes, Hawaii (3), Maui lineatus Walker (=confluens Herrich-Schaeffer). (1);Also, Hawaii (1) Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994

Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, attaining mesocoxae; Picromerus Amyot & Serville segment I1 longest, I11 shortest, I11 and IV com- (Figs. 19,71) bined longer than or equal to 11; bucculae closed behind. Juga and tylus subequal in length. Picromerus Amyot &Serville 1843:84.Type species; Cimex Anterolateralpronotalmargin obtuse, rectilinear in bidens L., designated by Kirkaldy (1903:230). dorsalview; humeri not produced. Frenalmargin of Cimex subgenus Picromerus: Stdl 1867:497. scutellum shghtly longer than postfrenalpart; scutel- Cimex: Kirkaldy 1909a:4. lar apex about as wide as coriurn. Scent gland ruga flat extending about half way to metaplerual margin; Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, attainingmetacoxae; evaporatorium completely surrounding ruga. Base of segment11 longest, I11 and IVsubequal and in combi- abdomen with short, stout forwardly directed tu- nation longer than 11; bucculae prominent, united bercle. Profemora armed with preapical tubercle; behind. Juga and tylus subequal in length. protibiae prismatic. Males with pair of glandular Anterolateral pronotal margin thick, crenulate to patches of silky hairs on abdominalventer. rugulose; humeral angles strongly spinose, usually with subapical denticle posteriorly (fig. 19). Frenal Remarks: Perillus is a New World genus. margin of scutellum longer than postfrenal part; Gordonerius Distant (1900), based on Oplomus scutellar apex narrower than coriurn. Scent gland lineatus Walker, with a supposed provenance of ruga flat, spatulate, extending half way to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) is in fact a specimen of Perillus metapleural margin and usually completely sur- confluens Stbl, a species common in Mexico (Tho- rounded by evaporatorium (fig. 71). Base of abdo- mas 1992). One species has been introduced into men with weak tubercle or prominence, not pro- Asia for biological control. truding between metacoxae. Profemur with anteapical spine; protibiae prismatic. Males with- out glandular, setose patches on abdominal venter. 1. Perillus bioculatus ( F.) List of Species Cimex bioculatus Fabricius 1775:7 15 [America Bo- realis]. 1. Picromerus bidens (L.) Pentatoma clanda Say 1825:312 missouri]. Perillus claudus (sic): Uhler 1876:281 Cimex bidens Linnaeus 1758:443. Oplomus virgatus StAl 1862:89 (Mexico). Cimex bilobus Schrank 178 1:268 [Austria]. Zirona (sic) claudus: Rathvon 1869:549. Pentatoma bidens: Latreille 1804: 188. Perillus bioculatus: StAl 1872:129 Arma bidens: Hahn 1832:92. Perillus uirgatus: Distant 1880:34. Asopus bidens: Burmeister 1835:379. Mineus bioculatus: Uhler 1886:4. Jalla bidens: Spinola 1837:335. Perilloides bioculatus: Schouteden 1907b:37. Stiretrus bidens: Blanchard 1840: 153. Perillus bioculatus var. claudus: Caesar 1912:33. Picromerus bidens: Amyot & Serville 1843:84 Perillus bioculatus: Knight 1952:229. Picromerus fuscoannulatus StPl 1858: 176 [Siberia]. Asopus (Picromerus) bidens: Flor 1860:92. Distribution: Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Cimex fusco-annulatus StPl 1870:46. Russia, Yugoslavia, [Introduced]. Picromerus longicollis Jakovlev 1902b:335 [Vladivostok]. References: Knight (1924) [color pattern, prey]; Picromerus bidens subsp. fuscoannulatus: Kerzhner Knight (1952) [revision]; Franz & Szmidt (1960) 1964:187. [biocontrol]; Shagov (1968) [thermal biology]; Jasic (1975) [life cycle, prey]; Shagov (1977) [temperature Distribution:Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Aus- preferences];Nuamah (1982) [cytology]; Volkovitch et tria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Canada, China, Czecho- al. (1991) [development, diapause]. slovakia, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Ger- many, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Ko- Material examined:UnitedStates. rea, Mongolia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Rus- sia, Siberia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UnitedStates, Yugoslavia. Insecta Mundi

References: Villiers (1945) [characters, figure]; 4. Picromerus fasciaticeps Zheng & Liu Mayne & Breny (1947) [eggs, ecology]; Vidal(1949) [Key, characters]; Dupuis (1949) [life cycle, Picromerus fasciaticeps Zheng & Liu 1987a:181 immatures, characters, key]; Dupuis (1952) [dorso- [Yunnan]. abdominal glands]; Leston (1955) [life cycle]; Groves (1956) [behavior,immatures]; Scudder (1959) [female Distribution: China. genitalia]; Dupuis (1959) [male parandria]; Puchkova (1961) [eggs figured]; Massee (1962) Fabitat, prey]; References: Zheng & Liu 1987a [original descrip- Kerzhner (1964) [synonymy];Puchkova (196 1) [eggs]; tion]. Mayne (1965) [prey, figure]; Wagner (1966) [key, characters, figure]; Josifov & Kerzhner (1978) keys, 5. Picromerus griseus (Dallas) figure]; Nuamah (1982) [cytology]; Javahery (1986) fiiology]; Tamanini (1988) Fey, figure]; Lariviere & Canthecona grisea Dallas 1851:92 [Provenance un- Larochelle (1989) [distribution, bionomics];Ahmad & known]. Onder (1990b) [figure, key]. Picromerus obtusus Walker 1867:133 [Hindustan]. Picromerus nigrivitta Walker 1867:133 [Silhet]. Material examined: Canada (2), Germany (2), Picromerus sundanus Breddin 1902:96 [Java]. Italy (2), Spain (I), Belgium (I), Hungary (I), Picromerus griseus: Schouteden 1907b:25. Switzerland (2), France (3), Austria (I), Soviet Cimex obtusus: Kirkaldy 1909a:5. Cimex sundanus: Kirkaldy 1909a:5. Union (1). Distribution: Bangladesh, Burma, China, India, 2. Picromerus brachypterus Ahmad & Indonesia, Java, Pakistan. Onder References: Distant (1902) [characters, figures]; Picromerus brachypterus Ahmad & Onder 1990b:77 Yang (1934) [keyed, characterized]; Yang (1962) [Turkey]. [figure]; Rishi & Abbasi (1973) [characters, figure]; Hsiao et al. (1977) Feyed, figures, photo]; Zhang Distribution: Turkey. (1985) [characters, eggs, figure].

References: Ahmad & Onder (1990b) [description, Material examined: Indonesia (5), Java (2). key, figure]. 6. Picromerus lewisi Scott 3. Picromerus conformis (Herrich- Schaeffer) Picromerus lewisi Scott 1874:293 [Japan]. Picromerus angusticeps Jakovlev 1880:Z12 [Amur]. Asopus conformis Herrich-Schaeffer 1841:72 [Tur- Picromerus uicinus Signoret 1880:34. [Peking]. key]. Picromerus similis Distant 1883:421 [Japan]. Canthecona conformis: Baerensprung 1860:5. Cimex angusticeps: Kirkaldy 1909a:4. Picromerus conformis: Mulsant 1866:343. Cimex lewisi: Kirkaldy 1909a:5. Cimex conformis Sthl 1870:46. Cimex similis: Kirkaldy 1909a:5. Cimex uicinus: Kirkaldy 1909a:5. Distribution: Albania, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Czecho- slovakia, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Turkey, Switzer- Distribution: China, Japan, Korea, Siberia. land, Russia, Yugoslavia. References: Yang (1934) [keyed, characterized]; References: Vidal(1949) Fey, characters]; Wagner Esaki (1952) [characters, figure]; Miyamoto (1965) (1966) [key]; Josifov (1970) [habitat, distribution]; [figure]; Hsiao et al. (1977) [keyed, figures, photo]; Gollner-Scheiding & Arnold (1988) [distribution]; Josifov & Kerzhner (1978) [key,figure]; Zhang (1985) Ahmad & Onder (1990b) [key, figure]. [characters,figure].

Material examined: Hungary (1). Material examined: Japan (5), China (7), Korea (1). Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994

7. Picromerus nigridens (F .) Material examined:China (5).

Cimex nigridens Fabricius 1803:156. Pinthaeus StAl Arma nigridens: Spinola 1837:337. (Figs. 38,65) Asopus nigridens: Costa 1847:397. Stiretrus maculicornis Mulsant 1852:76. Picromerus nigridens: Mulsant 1866:34 1. Cimex subgenus Pinthaeus Stdl 1867:497.Type species: Cimex (Picromerus) nigridens: Stll 1868:16. Cimex sanguinipes F.

Distribution: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Crete, Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment I1 longest, France, Italy, Morroco, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, I11 and IV subequal; bucculae prominently elevate, Yugoslavia. brief, terminating abruptly. Juga longer than, and convergent in front of, tylus. Anterolateral pronotal References: Villiers (1945) [characters, figure]; margins calloused, sinuate, crenulate; humeri Vidal(1949) [key, characters]; Dupuis (1949) Fost prominent but not strongly produced (fig. 38). Fre- plants!, distribution, key]; Wagner (1966) [key]; num longer than post-frenal portion of scutellum; Servadei (1967) [distribution]; Josifov (1970) [distri- apex narrower than corium. Scent gland ruga flat, bution]; Tamanini (1981) [figure]; Nuamah (1982) narrow, slightly curved, its apex effaced, attaining [cytology]; Ahmad & Onder (1990b) [key, charac- slightly more than half-way to metapleural mar- ters]. gin, not completely surrounded by evaporatorium (fig. 65). Prosternum with flat mesial carina. Material examined: France (2). Metasternum somewhat elevated. Base of abdo- men with short tubercle directed anteriorly in 8. Picromerus orientalis Rishi & Abbasi apposition to metasternum. Connexival angles ob- tuse. Profemora with anteapical spine; ectal mar- gin of superior surface of protibia strongly carinate. Picromerus orientalis Rishi & Abbasi 1973:193 [Pa- kistan]. Males lack setose abdominal patches.

Distribution: Pakistan. List of Species

References: Rishi & Abbasi (1973) [original de- 1. Pinthaeus humeralis Horvath scription]. Pinthaeus humeralie Horvlth 19 1 1:432 [China]. 9. Picromerus pseudobidens Ahmad & Onder Distribution: China.

Picromeruspseudobidens Ahmad & Onder 1990b:81 [Turkey]. References: HorvAth (191 1) [description, figure]; Yang (1934) [characterized, figure]; Hsaio et al. Distribution: Turkey. (1977) [figure, key].

References: Ahmad & Onder (1990b) [original Material examined: China (4). description, figures].

10. Picromerus viridipunctatus Yang 2. Pinthaeus sanguinipes (Fabricius)

Picromerus viridipunctatus Yang 1934:104. Cimex sanguinipes Fabricius 1781:344. [Europe]. Pentatoma sanguinipes: Latreille 1804: 188. Distribution: China. Asopus sanguinipes: Herrich-Schaeffer 1839: 101. Asopus Genei Costa 1841:299. [Sicily]. References: Yang (1934) [description, keyed, fig- Platynopus sanguinipes: Fieber 1861:348. Platynopus genei: Garbiglietta 1869:48. ured]; Yang (1962) [figure];Hsiaoet al. (1977) Feyed, Pinthaeus sanguinipes: Stll 1870:46. fqures,photo]. Insecta Mundi

Distribution:Austria, Belgium, China, Czechoslo- Platynopiellus NEW GENUS vakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hun- (Figs. 41,44, 72) gary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Siberia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Platynopiellus Type Species: Pentatoma 17-maculata Turkey, Yugoslavia. Palisot de Beauvois (=septendecimaculata).

References: Villiers (1945) [characters, figure]; Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate. Tylus and juga of Vidal(1949) [characters]; Dupuis (1949) [key, life equallength, not convergent. Anterolateralpronotum cycle, prey, host plants, figure]; Esaki (1952) [char- sinuate to subrectilinear with a narrowly carinate acters, figure]; Miyamoto (1965) [figure]; Wagner marginalbeadorobtusecarina attendedby acontigu- (1966) [characters, figure]; Servadei (1967) [distri- ous rowofpunctures. Humeriproducedor not. Frenal bution]; Hsaio et al. (1977) [key, figure]. portion of scutellum longer than post-henalportion; apexnarrower than corium (fig. 41). Scentglandruga Material examined: Yugoslavia (I), Japan (3), flat, curved, attaining slightly more than half dis- China (2). tance to metapleural margin; surrounded by evaporatorium (fig. 72). Baseofabdomen with astout, Planopsis Schouteden forwardly directed spine projecting between the metacoxae, sometimes reaching the mesocoxae. Api- (Figs. 23, 73) ces of abdominal segment VII produced as short spine. Profemora with anteapical spine; protibia foliate or Planopsis Schouteden 1907b:49. Type species: with acarinate margin on planar surface; metatibia Platynopus silvaticus Distant. sulcate or prismatic. Males with pair of pilose glandu- lar patches on abdominalventer. Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, attaining base of abdomen; segment I1 longest, I11 and IV subequal; Remarks: This genus contains those African repre- tylus and juga of equal length. Anterolateral sentatives of the old genus Platynopus. The genera pronotal margin narrowly calloused, sinuately con- differ in the structure of the thorax. In Phtynopiellm cave in dorsal view. Humeri angularly produced, the thorax is dorso-ventrally compressed, such that apices obtuse (fig. 23). Frenal portion of scutellum there is always an anterolateralmargin, although it longer than post-frenal part; apex narrower than may lack more than a vestige of a marginal bead, corium. Scent gland ruga flat, narrow, spatulate; separating the dorsal andventral aspects (fig. 44). In narrowly surrounded by evaporatorium (fig. 73). the true Platynopus, species restricted to theorient, Mesosternum with flat mesialcarina. Metasternum the thorax is dorso-ventrally robust, not compressed, subelevated. Base of abdomen with compressed and there is no marginal delineation between the tubercle directed in apposition to metasternum. dorsum andventer. Connexival apices obtuse, not produced. Profemora armate with preapical spine; ectal margin of supe- List of Species rior face of protibiae weakly carinate. Males lack pilose abdominal glands. 1. Plafynopiellus delevali (Schouteden)

1. Planopsis silvatica (Distant) Platynopusdelevali Schouteden 1910:403 [Mayurnbe].

Platynopus silvatica Distant 1890c:475. Distribution: Zaire. Canthecona distanti Schouteden 1905:14 1. Canthecona silvatica: Schouteden 1905:145. References: Schouteden (1910) [description]. Planopsis silvatica: Schouteden 1907b:49. 2. Platynopiellus dispar (Schouteden) Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Zaire. Platynopus dispar Schouteden 1916:280 [Congo]. Platynopus dispar var. trisignata Schouteden References: Schouteden (1907b) [description, fig- 1964:206. ure]; Villiers (1952) [characters, figure]. Distribution: Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Zaire. Material examined: Zaire (I), Cameroon (1). Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994

References: Schouteden (1964) [characters, distri- References: Schouteden (1909) [taxonomicstatus]. bution]; Linnavouri (1982) [distribution]. 7. Platynopiellus septendecimaculatus Material examined: Cameroon (1). (Beauvois)

3. Platynopiellus fallax (Schouteden) Cimex rostratus Drury 1782:59 [Africa][Homonym]. Cimex calens Fabricius 1803:163. [Homonym]. Platynopus fallax Schouteden 1904:139 [Uganda]. Pentatoma 17-maculata Palisot de Beauvois Platynopus (Acanthomera) fallax: Schouteden 18 11:112 [Africa] 190713348. Asopus calens: Herrich-Schaeffer 1844:117. Platy nopus (Montrouzierellus) fallax: Kirkaldy Platynopus rostratus: Dallas 1851:87. 1909a:11. Platynopus badius Walker 1867:125 [Old Calabar]. Platynopus treunctus Walker 1867:125 [West Af- Distribution: Cameroon, Uganda, Ivory Coast. rica]. Platynopus optabilis Walker 1867:126 [West Af- References: Gillon (1972) [collection record]. rica]. Platynopus rostratus var. trijunctus: Distant 1900a:56 Material examined: Cameroon (20). Platynopus rostratus var. optabilis: Distant 1900a:56. 4. Platynopiellus howathi (Schouteden) Platynopus parvus Distant 1900a:56 [SierraLeone]. Platynopus (Acanthomera) rostratus: Schouteden Platynopus Horvathi Schouteden 1904:139 1907b:48. [Kibosho]. Platynopus (Montrouzierellus) 17-maculatus: Platynopus (Acanthomera) Horvathi: Schouteden Kirkaldy 1909a:12. 1907b:48. Platynopus 17-punctata (sic) Schouteden 1943:325. Platynopus (Montrouzierellus) horvathi: Kirkaldy Platynopus parvulus (sic): Leston 1952b:894. 1909a:11. Distribution: Cameroon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Distribution: Cameroon, Liberia, Zaire. Kenya, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Uganda, Zaire. References: Villiers (1952) [distribution]; Linnavouri (1982) [distribution]. References: Schouteden (19 11) [synonymy]; Dis- tant (1900a) [synonymy]; Villiers (1952) [charac- 5. Platynopiellus reichi (Sig noret) ters of rostratus, figure]; Linnavouri (1975) [distri- bution]; Linnavouri(l982) Fabitat]. Platynopus Reichii Signoret 1858:276 [Ethiopia]. Platynopus (Acanthomera) Reichii: Schouteden Material examined: Ghana (3), Zaire (6), Cameroon 1907b:48. (140), Kenya (1), Uganda (1). Platynopus (Montrouzierellus) reichii: Kirkaldy 1909a:12. 8. Platynopiellus thomsonii (Signoret)

Distribution: Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Platynopus Thomsonii Signoret 1858:277 [West Af- Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Togo. rica]. Platynopus (Acanthomera) thomsonii: Schouteden References: Schouteden (1964) [distribution]; 1907b:48. Linnavouri (1982) Fabitat, distribution]. Platynopus (Montrouzierellus) thomsonii: Kirkaldy 1909a:12. Material examined: Ghana (I), Cameroon (1). Distribution: Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory 6. Platynopiellus scutellatus (Distant) Coast , Nigeria, Zaire.

Platynopus scutellatus Distant 1900a:57 [Bopoto]. References: Villiers (1952) [characters, distribu- tion]; Medler (1980) [distribution]; Linnavouri (1982) Distribution:Zaire. [distribution]. 196 Insecta Mundi

Material examined: Cameroon (6), Nigeria (I), Distribution:Phillipines, Indonesia. Ghana (2). References: Schouteden (1908) [synonymy];Leston Platynopus Amyot & Serville (1953b) [nomenclature]. (Figs. 25,82) Material examined: Phillipines (1). Platynopus Amyot & Serville 1843: P1.3, fig 9. Type species: Platynopus varius Amyot & Serville 4. Platynopus indicus C haterjee (=melanoleucus Westwood), designated by Kirkaldy (1903:230). Platynopus indicus Chaterjee 1934:24 [India].

Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment I1 longest, Reference: Chaterjee (1934) [description, fig- 111 and IV subequal. Juga and tylus subequal in ure]. length. Anterolateral pronotal margins obtuse. Frenum longer than post-frenal part of scutellum Distribution: India. (fig. 25). Scent gland ruga long, reaching more than half-way to metapleural margin (fig. 82). Mesos- 5. Platynopus melanoleucus (Westwood) ternum with a weakly elevatedcarina; metasternum subelevated, sometimes with lateral margins cari- Aelb melanoleuca Westwood 1837:33 [Java]. nate: Base of abdomen with short tubercle apposing Platynopus varius Amyot & Serville 1843:79, P1.3, metasternum. Apex of last connexival segment fig. 9. produced acuminate or tuberculate. Profemora with Platynopus melcrnoleucus Dallas 1851:87. anteapical spine; protibia dilated foliate. Males Platynopus polygraphus Walker 1867: 126 [Ceram]. with pilose abdominal glands. Platynopus (Platynopus) melanoleucus: Schouteden 1907b:47.

List of Species Distribution: Celebes, Java, Moluccas, Phillipines, Sumatra, Taiwan. 1. Platynopus calliger Horvath References: Kirkaldy (1903) [nomenclature]; Platynopus calliger Horvfith 1911: 430 ralaur Is.] Schouteden (1907b) [figure].

Distribution: Indonesia. Material examined: Bouro ? (I), Indonesia (14), Phillipines (7), Taiwan (I), Samar Is. (1). References: HorvAth (1911) [description]. Ponapea Ruckes 1963 (Fig. 9) 2. Platynopus carbonarius Horvath Ponapea Ruckes 1963:326. Type species: Poncrpea Platynopus carbonarius Horvhth 1911: 431 [Java] arachnoides Ruckes 1963.

Distribution: Java. Diagnosis: Rostrum subcrassate, extending to third abdominal segment; segment I1 longest, but References: HorvAth (191 1) [description]. shorter that 111 and IV combined, 111 and IV subequal; juga and tylus of equal length. 3. Platynopus dalpadoides (Vol lenhoven) Anterolateral margins prominently serrate; hu- meri angular and modestly produced but not spi- Gynenica dalpadoides Vollenhoven 1867: 178. nose (fig. 9). Frenal margin of scutellum twice as [Mollucas]. long as post-frenal portion; apex narrower than a Platynopus tagalicus Stiil 1870:39 Phillipines]. corium. Hemelytralmembrane reducedin proportion Platynopus (Platynopus) dalpadoides: Schouteden to corium. Mesosternum shallowly, longitudinally 1907b:47. sulcate; metasternum hexagonal, weakly concave. Scent gland ruga flat, elevated, not extending half Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994 way to pleural margin; not surrounded by List of Species evaporatorium. Base of abdomen with minute tu- bercle. Connexival apices subnodular. Profemora I.Pseudanasida fallax Schouteden with minute anteapical tubercle; meso- and metafemora with low anteapical nodes. Tibiae Pseudanasida fallax Schouteden 1907a:38 prismatic. Males with setose glandular patches on [Trichinopoli]. each side of abdomen. Distribution: India. Remarks: The one species is small (ca. 8 mm length), with long spindly legs. References: Schouteden (1907b) [figure]; Distant (1908) [description, figure]; Ahmad & Kamaluddin 1. Ponapea arachnoides Ruckes (1983) [characters].

Ponapea arachnoides Ruckes 1963:326 [Ponape] 2. Pseudanasida ikrami (Ahmad & Kamaluddin) [New Combination]. Distribution: Caroline Is. Anasida ikrami Ahmad & Kamaluddin 1983:75 References: Ruckes (1963) [description, figure]. [Kodagehalli].

Material examined: Holotype in AMNH. Distribution: Pakistan.

Pseudanasida Schouteden References: Ahmad & Kamaluddin (1983) [origi- (Fig. 13) nal description, figure].

Pseudanasida Schouteden 1907a:38. Type species: Rhacognathus Fieber fallax Schouteden. (Figs. 28,83)

Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment IV much Rhacognathus Fieber 1860:81. Type species: Cimex longer than 111, segment I1 subequal to I11 and IV punctatus L. combined. Tylus and juga of equal length. Eyes situated proximal to anterior angle of pronotum. Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, short, extending only Anterolateral margin crenulate, sinuate in dorsal tomesocoxae; segment I1 longest, subequal to111 and view; humeri angular, prominent. Frenal portion IV combined, segment I11 and IV subequal or IV of scutellum longer than post-frenal portion; apex shorter;bucculae strongly elevated. Jugalonger than narrower than corium (fig. 13). Scent gland ruga tylus converging and contiguous anteriorly. narrow, strongly curved, elongate, reaching more Anterolateralpronotal margin rugulose tocrenulate; than halfway tometapleuralmargin. Base of abdomi- subrectilinear to concave in dorsalview; humeri not nalventerprominent but without a distinct tubercle. or weakly produced (fig. 28). Frenalmargin of scutel- Connexival angles obtuse. Profemora with anteapical lum slightly longer than post-frenal portion; apex spine; protibia prismatic. Maleslackpilose abdominal about as wide as corium. Mesosternum with low, glands. obtuse, mesialcarina. Metasternum hexagonal, not elevated. Scent gland orifice not attended by ruga; Remarks: The fundamental difference between evaporatorium obsolescent (fg. 83). Base of abdomen Pseudanasida and Anasida is the armate profe- without tubercle; connexivalanglesobtuse. Profemora mora of the former. Based on this characteristic the unarmed; protibiae prismatic, ectal margin of supe- species Anasida ikrami Ahmad & Kamaluddin be- rior surface weakly carinate. Males lack setose ab- longs in Pseudanasida. Ahmad & Kamaluddin com- dominal glands. pared their new species with P. fallax and found only slight differences in the proportions of the Remarks: Rhacognathus is a holarctic genus hav- rostra1 segments. It is not clear why they elected to ing one North American species. Josifov & Kerzhner place their new species in Anasida rather than (1978) provide a key to the Eurasian species. Evi- Pseudanasida. dently unknown to them, Hsiaoet al. (1977) published Insecta Mundi a description of an additional species, R. corniger Distribution: Afghanistan, Albania, Austria, Bel- from China. I suspectthatR. corniger andR. lamellifer gium, Bulgaria, China, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Josifov & Kerzhner are synonymous. Both authors England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hun- cite the robust humeri as the primary character gary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Neth- separating it from the other known species. erlands, Russia, Siberia, Spain, Sweden, Yugosla- via. List of Species References: Schouteden (1907b) [figure]; Yang 1. Rhacognathus callosus Horvath (1934) [characters]; Larsen (1942) [biology, figure]; Villiers (1945) [characters, figure]; Hoffmann (1948) Rhacognathus callosus Horvhth 1903:408 [Siberia]. [prey]; Vidal (1949) [characters]; Dupuis (1949) [distribution, key, prey, host plants]; Massee (1962) Distribution: Mongolia, Siberia. Fibernation]; Kerzhner (1964) [synonymy]; Mayne (1965) [biology, figure]; Wagner (1966) [charac- References: Josifov & Kerzhner (1978) Fey]. ters, figure]; Josifov (1970) babitat, distribution]; Hsiao et al. (1977) [keyed, characters, figures, 2. Rhacognathus corniger Hsiao & Zheng photo]; Josifov & Kerzhner (1978) [key, figure]. Material examined: Germany (I), Hungary (2), Rhacognathus corniger Hsiao & Zheng 1977:88 [China]. China (2).

Distribution: China. Stilbotes StGI (Figs. 7,48) References:Hsiao et al. (1977) [description,figures, photo]. Stilbotes StAl 1871:620. Type species: semperi StAl

3. Rhacognathus lamellifer Josifov & Diagnosis: Rostrum semicrassate, extending to Kerzhner metasternum; segment I1 subequal to I11 and IV combined, I11 andIVsubequa1; bucculae prominent Rhacognathus lamellifer Josifov&Kerzhner 1978:184 though very brief, confined to head anterior to [Korea]. antennifers. Juga longer than tylus. Head cylindri- cal, elongate; eyes pedunculate, distantly separat- Distribution: Korea. ed from pronotum. Pronotum subcylindrical with medial transverse constriction; anterolaterally ob- References: Josifov & Kerzhner [description, fig- tuse, with weakvestige of marginalcarina; humeral ure]. angles elongated as terete spines (fig. 7). Base of scutellum gibbous with two subconical tubercles; 4. Rhacognathus punctatus (L.) frenal margin longer than post-frenalportion; apex narrower than corium. Posterior margin ofhemelytral Cimex punctatus Linnaeus 1758:444 [Europe]. corium rectilinear. Mesosternum with low, obtuse, Cimex variegatus Goeze 1778:235 [Homonym]. longitudinal carina. Metasternum hexagonal, not Cimex annularis Geoffrey 1785:215. elevate, impressed laterally. Orificial peritreme of Eysarcoris punctatus Hahn 1834:69. scent gland formingelongate, subrectangular,convex Pentatoma punctatum: Herrich-Schaeffer 1835:56. plate, extending to metapleural margin. Asopus punctatus: Burmeister 1835:378. Evaporatorium restricted tonarrow strip along ante- Cimex punctatus: Zetterstedt 1838:260. rior margin of peritreme (fig. 48). Base of abdomen Stiretrus punctatus: Blanchard 1840: 153. unarmed. Connexivalmargins subcalloused, sutural Arma punctatum: Kolenati 1846:40. Zicrona punctata: Sahlberg 1848:19. apices inconspicuous. AU femora with node-like Asopus (Zicrona)punctatus: Flor 18,60:91. anteapical swelling. Ectalmargin ofsuperior surface Rhacognathus punctatus: Fieber 1861:347. ofprotibia with arcuate carina; meso- andmetatibiae Rhacognathus distinctus Schouteden 1907a:36 prismatic. Males with setose glandular patch on each [Mongolia]. side of abdomen. Eysarcoris punctatus: China 1943:287. Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994

1 . Stilbotes semperi St Al Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ire- land, Italy, Java, Korea, Netherlands, Norway, Po- Stilbotes semperi Sthl 187 1:620 [Phillipines]. land, Russia, Siberia, Sweden, Switzerland.

Distribution: Phillipines. References: Distant (1902) [characters, figures]; Yang (1934) [characters, figure]; Brohmer (1944) References: Schouteden (1907b) [figure]. [figure]; Villiers (1945) [characters,figure]; Dupuis (1949) [life cycle, prey, host plants]; Vidal (1949) Material examined: Phillipines (1). [characters]; Dupuis (1959) [male parandria]; Puchkova (1961) [eggs figured]; Mayne (1965) [habi- Troilus StA l tat, prey, figure]; Wagner (1966) [characters, fig- (Figs. 40,49) ure]; Hsiao et al. (1977) [characters, photo]; Tamanini (1988) [keyed, figure]. Podisus subgenus Troilus Sthl 1867:498. Type spe- cies, Cimex luridus F. Material examined: Germany (7), Belgium (2) Java (1). Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, attaining base of abdomen; segment I1 longest, I11 longer than IV. 2. Troilus testaceus Zheng & Liu Bucculae very short, confined to anterior part of head. Juga distinctly longer than tylus, but not Boilus testaceus Zheng & Liu 1987a:182, fig. 2. convergent. Anterolateral pronotal margins den- Wunnan]. ticulate anteriorly, explanate posteriorly; humeri prominent, obtuse (fig. 40). Frenum shorter than Distribution: China. post-frenal part of scutellum; apex narrower than corium. Scent gland ruga reaching slightly more References: Zheng & Liu 1987a [original descrip- than halfway to metapleural margin (fig. 49). Base tion]. of abdomen with short cylindrical spine. Connexival angles not produced. Profemora unarmed, protibia Zicrona Amyot & Serville prismatic. Males without pilose abdominal glands. (Figs. 12,68)

List of Species Zicrona Amyot & Serville 1843:86. Type species: Cimex caerulea L., designated by Kirkaldy (1903:230). I . Troilus luridus ( F .) Diagnosis: Rostrum subcrassate, extending to Cimex luridus Fabricius 1775:701 [Europe]. metacoxae; segment I1 longest, I11 andIVsubequa1, Cimex serrulatus Miiller 1776:105. I1 shorter than I11 and IVcombined; bucculae brief, Cimex dentatus Schrank 1781:268. Cimex beryllinus Gmelin 1788:2148. modestly elevate, continuous behindrostrum. Juga Cimex elector Fabricius 1794:98. and tylus of equal length. Anterolateral pronotal Pentatoma lurida: Latreille 1804: 188. margins obtuse, weakly sinuate in dorsal view; Arma lurida: Hahn 1832:97. humeri not prominent (fig. 12). Frenal margin of Asopus luridus: Burmeister 1835:379. scutellum about as long as post-frenalportion;apex Pentatoma sublurida: Westwood 1837:41. narrower than corium. Metasternum not elevate. Asopus (Podisus) luridus: Flor 1860:95. Anterior and posterior margins of orificial Podisus luridus: Mulsant & Rey 1866:347. peritreme of metapleural scent gland diverging and Podisus (Troilus) luridus: Stll 1868:17. evanescent; lateral margin ofperitreme obsolescent. Troilus luridus var. angusta Reuter 1881:156. Podisusluridusvar. angustus: Schouteden 1907b:68. Evaporatorium representedby narrow strips attend- Arma luridus var. angustus: Kirkaldy 1909a:23. ing anterior and posterior margins of orificial Arma elector: Nuamah 1982:20. peritreme (fig. 68). Base of abdomen unarmed. Connexival angles not produced. Seventh abdominal Distribution: Austria, Belgium, Burma, China, tergiteproduced, lobate posteriorly, projecting beyond Czechoslovakia,Denmark, England, Finland, France, genitalia. Profemora unarmed; tibiae terete. Males lack pilose abdominal glands. Insecta Mundi

List of Species References: Chopra & Sucheta (1984) [description, figures]. I . Zicrona caerulea ( L. ) Literature Cited Cimex caeruleus Linnaeus 1758:445 [Europe]. Pentatoma caeruleum: Tigny 1802:299. Abasa, R.O. & W.M. Mathenge. 1974. Laboratory Asopus caeruleus: Burmeister 1835:378. studies of the biology and food requirements of Pentatoma concinna Westwood 1837:39 [China]. Macrorhaphis acuta [Hemiptera: Pentatoma violacea Westwood 1837:39 [Bengal]. Stiretrus caeruleus: Blanchard 1840: 154. Pentatomidae]. Entomophaga 19: 213-218. Zicrona caerulea: Amyot & Serville 1843:86. Zicrona illustris Amyot & Serville 1843:87. Abbasi, Q.A. & Z. Rishi. 1974. Eine neue Zicrona cuprea: Dallas 1851:108 [Hudson's Bay]. palaarktische Wanzen-Art der Gattung Cazira aus Pakistan (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Austria, Entomol. Zeit. 84: 41-44. Azerbaijan, Belgium, England, Finland, Egypt, Czechoslovakia, Italy, France, Germany, Greece, Ahmad, I., Q.A. Abbasi & A.A. Khan. 1974. Ireland, Netherlands, Syria, Israel, Russia, China, Generic and supergeneric keys with reference Mongolia, Pakistan, Morroco, Japan, Korea, Tai- to a checklist of Pentatomid fauna of Pakistan wan; Malaysia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, (He terop tera: Pen tatomoidea) with notes on Spain, Portugal, Pakistan, Vietnam, Burma, India, their distribution and food plants. Suppl. Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Iran, Bulgaria, Yugosla- Entomol. Soc. Karachi. No. 1. 103 pp. via, North America. Ahmad, I. & S. Kamaluddin. 1983. Anew species References: Distant (1902) [figures, characters]; of Anasida Karsch (Pentatomidae: Kirkaldy (1903) [nomenclature]; Schumacher (1917) Pentatominae: Asopini) with the first record of [eggs]; Baker (1931) [male genitalia]; Yang (1934) the genusfrom Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool. 15:75- [characters];Villiers (1945) [prey, figure];Vidal(1949) 78. [characters]; Dupuis (1949) [prey, host plants, life cycle]; Kobayashi (1951) [eggs, immatures, figure]; Ahmad, I. & F. Onder. 1990a. Revision of the Esaki &Ishihara (195 1) [distribution]; Dupuis (1952) genus Arma Hahn (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: [dorso-abdominalglands]; Esaki (1952) [characters, Pentatominae: Asopini) with description of two figure]; Gomez-Menor (1956) [figure, prey]; Dupuis new species from Turkey. Turk. Entomol. Derg. (1959) [male parandria]; Puchkova (1961) [eggs fig- 14: 3-12. ured]; Yang (1962) [figure]; Massee (1962) [hiberna- tion]; Miyamoto (1965) [figure]; Mayne (1965) [prey, Ahmad, I. & F. Onder. 1990b. A revision of the habitat]; McDonald (1966) [genitalia]; Ahmad et al. genus Picromerus Amyot and Serville (1974) [biology, figure]; Hsiao et al. (1977) [characters, (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: photo]; Larochelle (1979) [biology]; Zhang (1985) [char- Asopini) from western Palaearctic with descrip- acters, figure]. Tamanini (1988) keyed, figure]. tion of two new species from Turkey. Turk. Entomol. Derg. 14: 75-84. Material examined: Italy (2), Hungary (I),Russia (I),Austria (I), France (3), Iran(3), India (I), Pakistan Ahmad, I. & N.A. Rana. 1988. A revision of the (I), China (ll), Korea (2), Okinawa (I), Japan (4), genus Canthecona Arnyot & Serville (Hemiptera: Borneo (I), Malaysia (I), Indonesia (3). Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Asopini) from Indo- Pakistan subcontinent with description of two 2. Zicrona hisarensis Chopra & Sucheta new speciesfiom Pakistan. Turkiye BitkiKoruma Derg 12: 75-84. Zicrona hisarensis Chopra & Sucheta 1984:40 [Hisar]. Amyot, C.J. & J.G. Serville. 1843. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Hbmipteres. Paris. Distribution: India. Vol. 8, No. 3 - 4, September - December, 1994

Atkinson, E.T. 1887. Notes on Indian Rhynchota, Blanchard, E. 1840. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Heteroptera No. 2. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 56: Orthoptbres, Neuroptbres, Hbmipthres, Hyme- 145-205. nopteres, LBpidopthres et Diptkres. P. Dumenil, Paris. Awan, M.S. 1988. Development and mating behaviour of Oechalia shellenbergii (Gubrin- Boisduval, J.B.A. 1835. Faune entomologique de Mbneville) and Cermatulus nasalis (Westwood) Yocean Pacifique avec Pillustration des insects (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). nouveaux pendant le voyage. Voyage de decouvertes d PAstrolabe execute par ordre du Awan, M.S., L.T. Wilson & M.P. Hoffman. 1989. Roi, pendant les annees 1826-1827- 1828- 1829 Prey location by Oechalia schellembergii. sous le commandement de M.J. Dumont Entomol. Exp. Appl. 51:225-231. D'Urbville, vol. 2. J. Tastu, Paris.

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Baerensprung, F. 1860. Hemiptera Heteroptera Breddin, G. 1899. Hemiptera Insulae Lombok in Europaea. Systematice disposita. Berl. Entomol. Museo Hamburgensi asservata adjectis Zeit. 4: 1-25. specilbus nonnullis, quas continet collectio auctoris. Jahrbuch Hamburgischen Bergroth, E. 1893. Notes hbmiptbrologiques. Rev. Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 16: 155-194. d'Entomo1. 12: 153-155. Breddin, G. 1901. Die Hemipterenvon Celebes, ein Bergroth, E. 1903. Rhynchota Aethiopica 111. Ann. beitrag zur Faunistik der Insel. Abh. Natur- Soc. Entomol. Belg. 47: 288-297. forsch. Ges. Halle 24: 1-213.

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