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Collaboration in Online Communities

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Collaboration in Online Communities Collaboration in Online Communities Exploring Finnish Wikipedia Arto Lanamäki 'LVVHUWDWLRQIRUWKHGHJUHHSKLORVRSKLDHGRFWRU 3K' DWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI%HUJHQ Dissertation date: 20. september 2013 Acknowledgements ,ZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQNP\WZRVXSHUYLVRUV$QGUHDV2SGDKODQG7HUR3lLYlULQWDIRU WKHLUH[FHOOHQWJXLGDQFHWKURXJKRXWWKH3K'DGYHQWXUH ,ZRXOGDOVROLNHWRWKDQNDOORIP\IRUPHUFROOHDJXHVDW8QLYHUVLW\RI$JGHUDQG 8QLYHUVLW\RI%HUJHQIRUWKHLULQVLJKWIXOGLVFXVVLRQVDQGIRUEHLQJJUHDWSHRSOH, ZRXOGHVSHFLDOO\OLNHWRWKDQN&DUO(ULN0RH0DXQJ6HLQ%M¡UQ)XUXKROWDQG \VWHLQ6 E¡ ,ZRXOGDOVROLNHWRWKDQNP\IHOORZ,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHPVGRFWRUDOVWXGHQWVDWWKH 8QLYHUVLW\RI$JGHUIRUEHLQJJUHDWFROOHDJXHVDQGIULHQGV'HYLQGHU7KDSD0RXWD] +DGGDUD2QGUHM=DFK.DUHQ6WHQGDO&KULVWRSK0HUVFKEURFN\YLQG+HOODQJ 0DULXV-RKDQQHVVHQ6RIIL:HVWLQDQG)DWKXO:DKLG0\JUDWLWXGHJRHVDOVRWRWKH IROORZLQJVFKRODUV,KDYHKDGWKHSOHDVXUHRIZRUNLQJZLWK3HUWWL-lUYLQHQDQGKLV GRFWRUDOVWXGHQWVLQ6HLQlMRNL&KLWX2NROL0RKDPDG0HKGL0RVWDID0HVJDUL)LQQ cUXS1LHOVHQ0DWWL7\\QHOlDQG$QGHUV+HQULNVHQ$GGLWLRQDOO\,ZRXOGOLNHWR WKDQNHYHU\Wikipedian,KDYHLQWHUYLHZHGIRUWKLVWKHVLV )LQDOO\,WKDQNDOOP\IULHQGVDQGIDPLO\6SHFLDOWKDQNVWRP\SDUHQWV+HOLDQG .RVWLDQGP\PRWKHULQODZ(SS,JLYHP\ELJJHVWWKDQNVWRP\ZLIH.HUWL+HUORYH DQGFDUHKDVPDGHWKLVMRXUQH\SRVVLEOH Abstract 2QOLQHFRPPXQLWLHVKDYHULVHQWRDJUHDWVRFLDODQGHFRQRPLFLPSRUWDQFH GXULQJWKHODVWWZRGHFDGHV0DQ\RQOLQHFRPPXQLWLHVDUHRULHQWHGWRZDUGVFRQWHQW SURGXFWLRQDQG:LNLSHGLDLVRQHRIWKHPRVWSURPLQHQWLQVWDQFHVRIWKHVH7KHVH UHTXLUHERWKDIURQWQDUUDWLYHIRUIXOILOOLQJWKHLUFRQWHQWSURGXFLQJSXUSRVHDQGDEDFN QDUUDWLYHIRUIDFLOLWDWLQJFROODERUDWLRQ:LNLSHGLDKDVEHHQWKHVXEMHFWRIDQ DEXQGDQFHRIUHVHDUFKEXWFROODERUDWLRQKDVQRWEHHQDSRSXODUUHVHDUFKWRSLF +HQFHWKHIROORZLQJUHVHDUFKTXHVWLRQZLOOEHDGGUHVVHGWhat characterizes collaboration in online communities?7KLVVWXG\H[SORUHV)LQQLVK:LNLSHGLDLQRUGHU WRILQGRXWZKDWW\SHVRIFROODERUDWLRQRFFXULQZLNLDFWLYLWLHVERWKZLWKLQDQG EH\RQGWKHZLNLSODWIRUP)RXUWHHQLQGHSWKLQWHUYLHZVZHUHFRQGXFWHGZLWKDFWLYH SDUWLFLSDQWV7KLVGDWDZDVDQDO\]HGLQRUGHUWRILQGRXWDFWLYLWLHVLQYROYLQJQRQ DUWLFOHFRQWHQW7KHPRVWXVXDOQRQDUWLFOHFRQWHQWVDUHDUWLFOHWDONSDJHVXVHUWDON SDJHVDQGYDULRXVNLQGVRI´:LNLSHGLDQDPHVSDFH´FRQWHQWV&ROODERUDWLYHDFWLYLWLHV RFFXUULQJRXWVLGHWKH:LNLSHGLDSODWIRUPZHUHDOVRH[SORUHGDQGHQDFWPHQWVQRQ HQDFWPHQWVDQGFRQIOLFWVZHUHUHYHDOHG´5HFHQW&KDQJHV´HGLWVZHUH FROOHFWHGDQGDJHQUHDQDO\VLVZDVFRQGXFWHGRQWKHHGLWVLQWKH´:LNLSHGLD QDPHVSDFH´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ontents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................. 3 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................... 4 CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................................... 5 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 8 2. THEORY ................................................................................................................................... 20 3+,/2623+,&$/$668037,216 %$&.1$55$7,9( 7+(5($'(572/($'(5)5$0(:25. *(15(7+(25< 3. METHODS................................................................................................................................ 43 *(15($1$/<6,6 +2:72678'<&2//$%25$7,21,1:,.,3(',$" ,17(59,(:6 4. LITERATURE REVIEW ON WIKIPEDIA RESEARCH ................................................... 60 :,.,3(',$$6$121/,1(&20081,7< &2//$%25$7,21,1:,.,3(',$ 5. FINDINGS................................................................................................................................. 71 7+(3$67$1'35(6(172)),11,6+:,.,3(',$ 54 3$57,&,3$7,21,1),11,6+:,.,3(',$(;&/86,9(25,17(5:,.," 54 3(5&(,9('$872120<,1),11,6+:,.,3(',$ 54 121$57,&/(&217(17,1),11,6+:,.,3(',$ 54 5.4.1 Article talk pages ...................................................................................................... 102 5.4.2 User talk pages ......................................................................................................... 105 5.4.3 ‘Wikipedia namespace’ ............................................................................................ 107 5.4.4 Anomalies? ............................................................................................................... 121 *(15($1$/<6,62)(',76,17+(µ:,.,3(',$1$0(63$&(¶ 54 5.5.1 Structural changes between the two samples ........................................................... 134 5.5.2 Non-collaborative genres ......................................................................................... 136 5.5.3 Collaborative genres ................................................................................................ 142 &2//$%25$7,212876,'(7+(:,.,3(',$:(%6,7( 54 5.6.1 Face to face meetings ............................................................................................... 173 5.6.2 IRC ........................................................................................................................... 177 5.6.3 Email ........................................................................................................................ 184 5.6.4 Summary of collaboration outside the Wikipedia website ........................................ 186 6. DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................................... 190 )285%$&.1$55$7,9(7<3(6&2//2&$7('86(5&(175,&&20081,7<:,'($1'(;7(51$/ 6.1.1 Community-wide back narrative .............................................................................. 193 6.1.2 External back narrative ............................................................................................ 194 &2//$%25$7,21,1),11,6+:,.,3(',$¶6&20081,7<:,'(%$&.1$55$7,9( &2//$%25$7,21,17+((;7(51$/%$&.1$55$7,9(2)),11,6+:,.,3(',$ ),9(02'(62)&2//$%25$7,21 6.4.1 Planned Collaboration ............................................................................................. 202 6.4.2 Feedback Collaboration ........................................................................................... 204 6.4.3 Deliberative Collaboration ...................................................................................... 205 6.4.4 Stigmergic Collaboration ......................................................................................... 210 6.4.5 Vanguard Collaboration ........................................................................................... 214 72:$5'6'(6,*135,1&,3/(6)25$87212028621/,1(&20081,7,(6 67$%,/,7<2)*(15(6 /,0,7$7,216 7. CONCLUSION AND FURTHER RESEARCH .................................................................. 231 &21&/86,21 )857+(55(6($5&+ 7.2.1 Values in autonomous online communities ............................................................... 233 7.2.2 Sociomateriality ........................................................................................................ 235 7.2.3 Multilingual Scarce-Resource Peer Production ....................................................... 238 SOURCE OF DATA ......................................................................................................................... 243 1. Introduction ,QWHUQHWDQGWKH:RUOG:LGH:HE ZZZ KDYHEHFRPHXELTXLWRXVDQG HPEHGGHGLQIUDVWUXFWXUHIRUDULFKVSHFWUXPRIHFRQRPLFDQGVRFLDOSXUSRVHV2QRQH HQGRIWKHVSHFWUXP\RXKDYHKLHUDUFKLFDORUJDQL]DWLRQVVHHNLQJDFRPSHWLWLYH DGYDQWDJHXVLQJWKHLQWHUQHWIRUH[DPSOHYLUWXDOWHDPVZLWKLQJOREDOFRUSRUDWLRQV %M¡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µZRUN¶ZKLOHWKRVHLQWKHODWWHUDUH µOHLVXUH¶RUµQRQZRUN¶0HPEHUVKLSIRUPDWLRQLQWKHIRUPHUW\SHLVEDVHGRQ H[FOXVLYHVHOHFWLRQZKLOHWKHODWWHULVLQFOXVLYHIRU³HYHU\RQH´(YHQSHRSOHZKR KDYHQRWPHWHDFKRWKHUDUHDEOHWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQHJDOLWDULDQRQOLQHWHFKQRORJ\ PHGLDWHGFROODERUDWLYHHIIRUWV 1RYDOXHSUHIHUHQFHZLOOEHJLYHQIRUHLWKHUW\SHLQWKLVWKHVLV%RWKW\SHVKDYH WKHLUVWUHQJWKVDQGZHDNQHVVHV,QIDFWWKHVHWZRW\SHVFRXOGUDWKHUEHVHHQDVLGHDO W\SHV 0:HEHU ,QVWDQFHVRFFXUULQJLQUHDOLW\DUHRIWHQDQGSRVVLEO\ LQFUHDVLQJK\EULGVFRPELQLQJWKHHOHPHQWVIURPWKHWZR HJ)LVK0XULOOR1JX\HQ 3DQRIVN\ .HOW\+XPSKUH\V *UD\VRQ5HKQ:DWVRQ:\QQ %RXGUHDX %ORPEHUJ .DUDVWL IXUWKHUDUJXHWKDWZKHWKHUVRPHWKLQJ LVµZRUN¶RUµQRQZRUN¶LVLQWKHH\HRIWKHEHKROGHU “From the anthropological point of view of constructing the field site, the issue is not which stance is correct, but rather that the field site is defined as work or non-work or both depending on how the boundaries of the research
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