Mitigation Options for Nutrient Reduction in Surface and Ground Waters

Proceedings of International Conference on Realistic Expectations for Improving European Waters Final Conference of COST Action 869 Mitigation Options for Nutrient Reduction in Surface and Ground Waters 12-14 October, Keszthely HUNGARY Final Conference of COST Action 869 Mitigation Options for Nutrient Reduction in Surface and Ground Waters Proceedings of International Conference on Realistic Expectations for Improving European Waters Edited by Dr. István Sisák Responsible publisher: Dr. István Sisák Published in www.aton.hu Hungary, Budapest, 2013 Cost Action 869 - Mitigation Options for Nutrient Reduction in Surface and Ground Waters Contents Preface – SISÁK, I. …………….…………………………………………………………………………………………….………….… 2 CHARDON, W.J., HAYGARTH, P.M., EKHOLM, P., SCHOUMANS, O.F., KRONVANG, B. – COST ACTION 869 – Mitigation options for nutrient reduction in surface and ground waters …………………………. 3 ZHANG, T., HAYGARTH, P.M., LITAOR, M.I., CHARDON, W.J., HEATHWAITE, A.L. – COST ACTION 869 – Mitigation options for nutrients reductions in surface and groundwaters. WG1: Localisation of critical source areas in catchments ………………………………………………... 11 EKHOLM, P., ISTVÁNOVICS, V. – Influence of nutrients on ecological processes in surface waters. Discussions in working group 2 of the cost action 869 …………………………………………………….. 20 SCHOUMANS, O.F., LO PORTO, A., CHARDON, W.J. – Opportunities for mitigation options to reduce nutrient losses from land to surface water. COST ACTION 869, WG3 ……………………………… 26 KRONVANG, B., STRAUSS, P., STUTTER, M., LARSEN, S., STAMM, C. – Evaluation of projects in example areas across the EU under COST 869 ………………………………………………………………………………… 32 IJJAS, I. – European Union’s strategy for Danube region and the implementation of the water framework directive ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 53 CSATHÓ, P., RADIMSZKY, L., NÉMETH, T. - NP turnover studies on European and on Danube basin levels ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 60 MONAGHAN, R. - Mitigation options for reducing nitrogen losses to water from grazed dairy pastures in southern New Zealand ……………………………………………………………………………………. 68 SAGOO, E., NEWELL PRICE, J.P., WILLIAMS, J.R., HODGKINSON, R.A., CHAMBERS, B.J. – Managing cattle slurry application timings to mitigate diffuse water pollution ……………………………………..……. 77 PAUL, G., MEISSNER, R., OLLESCH, G. – Soil-hydrological measuring strategy to estimate water balances in the Flaeming region, Germany …………………………………………………………………………. 91 BECHMANN, M., ØGAARD, A.F. – Water quality changes following intensive focus on mitigation methods to reduce phosphorus losses in the catchment of lake Vansjø, Norway ……………… 103 KONDRLOVÁ, E., ANTAL, J., IGAZ, D. – Using GIS to locate potential critical sources of water pollution from agriculture ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 118 SISÁK, I., PŐCZE, T., SZŰCS, P., HAUSNER, Cs., MÁTÉ, F. – Rills switch catchments into a higher phosphorus-load mode - a case study ……………………………………………………………………………… 128 ÁGOSTON-SZABÓ, E., DINKA, M., SCHÖLL, K. – The influence of hydrological connectivity on nutrient dynamics of a Danube oxbow (Danube-Dráva National Park, Hungary) …………………………… 139 DODOCIOI, A.M., MOCANU, R., DOBRE, M., TUDOSIE, A. - Water quality in Jiu river basin ………………….. 146 STOICHEVA, D., KERCHEVA, M., KOLEVA, V., SIMEONOVA, T. – Groundwater quality monitoring in an experimental field station in south Bulgaria …………………………………………………………… 152 Cost Action 869 - Mitigation Options for Nutrient Reduction in Surface and Ground Waters Preface The final conference of the COST Action 869 (Mitigation Options for Nutrient Reduction in Surface Water and Groundwaters) took place at Keszthely, Hungary between 12-14 October 2011 under the sobering title: Realistic expectations for improving European waters. After the laborious process of manuscript writing and editing sixteen papers have been included in this proceedings which represents the broad geographic and thematic scope of the COST Action. Wim Chardon, the chair of the action provided a summary on the activities and pointed out eventual inconsistencies between research and regulation. The working group leaders and their co-authors gave overview on the progress in their specific area, exemplified major achievements and discussed questions which remained open for future research. István Ijjas presented background of the Strategy for the Danube Region. One paper called for drastic changes in the structure of animal husbandry in the EU but the next paper from New Zealand highlighted that such changes might imply unbearable costs. Two papers dealt with erosion in Slovakia and Hungary as the main mechanism of diffuse P transport, three papers investigated leaching and groundwater quality (UK, Germany and Bulgaria), two papers discussed river and oxbow water quality in Hungary and Romania and one paper studied effectiveness of mitigation options in Norway. I would like to thank all authors, co-editors and supporters for their contribution and I would like to recommend this issue to the attention of the scientific audience. Keszthely, 17th November 2013 István Sisák Head of Organizing Committee, Editor 3 Cost Action 869 - Mitigation Options for Nutrient Reduction in Surface and Ground Waters COST ACTION 869 - MITIGATION OPTIONS FOR NUTRIENT REDUCTION IN SURFACE AND GROUND WATERS 1 2 3 1 4 CHARDON, W.J. – HAYGARTH, P.M. – EKHOLM, P. – SCHOUMANS, O.F. – KRONVANG, B. 1 ALTERRA, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands, e-mail: [email protected] 2 The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK 3 Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland 4 Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark. Abstract During 2006-2011, COST Action 869, “Mitigation options for nutrient reduction in surface and ground water”, was a research network financed by the EU Framework Programs. Support was given for organizing meetings and travel, but not for research. This paper gives an introduction of the Action, with the background and a summary of the main activities. Introduction The eutrophication of surface waters and the contamination of ground water due to elevated nutrient inputs have a serious impact on ecosystem health in many countries. Within the European Union, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires improvement of the quality of surface and ground water. This may require a drastic reduction in nutrient loss from agricultural land (KRONVANG et al., 2005) with the related implications for the long term economic and environmental sustainability of agricultural systems. Since 1995, a series of International Phosphorus Workshops (IPW) was organized in Europe, every 3 years: IPW1, 1995 - Wexford, Ireland (TUNNEY et al., 1997) IPW2, 1998 - Antrim, Northern Ireland (SHARPLEY et al., 2000) IPW3, 2001 - Plymouth, England (HAYGARTH et al., 2001) IPW4, 2004 - Wageningen, The Netherlands (Chardon and Koopmans, 2005) IPW5, 2007 - Silkeborg, Denmark (HECKRATH et al., 2007; KRONVANG et al., 2009) IPW6, 2010 - Seville, Spain (DELGADO et al., 2010). The next IPW meeting will be organized in 2013 (Sweden). The IPW meetings have greatly contributed to increasing our knowledge on the relations between agriculture and phosphorus (P) losses, and more specifically about the P transfer from soil to water, and the effects of mitigation measures. The international contribution of researchers to these workshops has led to a European network of researchers around the topic of P losses from agriculture. This network was strengthened within COST Action 832, “Quantifying the agricultural contribution to eutrophication”, which ran from 1997 to 2003 (Chardon and Withers, 2003; Withers and Haygarth, 2007). Within COST 832, delegates from 18 countries were active (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom). The COST (European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research) program is financed by the EU Framework Programs, and supports networks of researchers (see www.cost.esf.org). Support is given for organizing meetings, travelling, and dissemination, but not for research 3 CHARDON et al. projects. The link between IPW and COST can be derived from the fact that during the first IPW meeting (1995) an announcement was made about the possibility to apply for a COST Action, by Paul Withers (UK), who became chair of COST 832 after the successful application. The first meeting of COST 832 was held parallel to IPW2 in Antrim (1998), and IPW6 (2010) was co-organized with Working Group 1 of COST 869. Moreover, the organizers of all IPW workshops were country representatives in COST 832 and / or COST 869. COST Action 869 A follow-up of COST 832 started in November 2006: COST Action 869 “Mitigation options for nutrient reduction in surface water and ground waters” (see www.cost869.alterra.nl); the Action finished in November 2011. The main objective of COST 869 was to undertake a scientific evaluation of the suitability and cost-effectiveness of different options for reducing nutrient loss to surface and ground waters, at the river basin scale. This includes their limitations in terms of applicability under different climatic, ecological and geographical conditions. COST 869 focused on the steps that need to be taken within the EU Water Framework Directive in order to effectively reduce the nutrient losses from point and diffuse sources to surface waters and groundwater. The Action was undertaken in the

Load more