ACT ALIGN CCUS Project No 271501 This project has received funding from RVO (NL), FZJ/PtJ (DE), Gassnova (NO), UEFISCDI (RO), BEIS (UK) and is cofunded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 programme ACT, Grant Agreement No 691712 Accelerating Low carboN Industrial Growth through CCUS Deliverable Nr. D5.5.1 Identification of CCUS Pathways in Romania Dissemination level Public Written By Alexandra Dudu, Constantin Sava, Sorin Date: 30.08.2019 Anghel (GeoEcoMar), Andreea Burlacu (CO2Club), Bogdan Gheorghe, Florentina Anghel, Alexandra Bivolaru (PicOil) Checked by WPx Leader Tom Mikunda (TNO) Date: 30.08.2019 Approved by the coordinator Peter van Os (TNO) Date: 06.10.2019 Issue date 06.10.2019 Document No. ALIGN-CCUS D5.5.1 Identification of CCUS pathways - Romania.docx Issue date 06.10.2019 Dissemination Level Public Page 1/18 Executive summary The present report summarizes part of the work done so far within Task 5.5. Evaluating transport and storage routes in the Oltenia region, sub-tasks 5.5.1. Identification and description of possible CCUS pathways in the Oltenia region and 5.5.2. Assessment of possibilities to use captured CO2 in the western Black Sea area. 8 major CO2 sources have been identified within the industrial cluster of the Oltenia region, 5 from the energy industry, 2 from chemical industry and one from the non-iron metals industry. These emissions totalled for 2017 16.078.594 t. The largest CO2 emissions which were registered and verified for 2017 were the four coal- fired power plants from Oltenia Energy Complex, SE Rovinari, SE Turceni, SE Isalnita and SE Craiova II. The chemical industry is represented by 2 sources, Oltchim and Ciech Soda Romania, formerly known as Uzinele Sodice Govora, manufacturer of soda ash, water glass, sodium silicate and soda derivatives. The only source from the metallurgic industry (non-iron metals) is represented by Alro (Slatina), the only producer of primary aluminum and aluminum alloys in Romania. Two types of CCUS pathways have been identified starting from the aforementioned sources, an onshore solution and an offshore one. The onshore solution considers utilizing the captured CO2 within the Oltenia development region and the offshore solution considers transporting captured CO2 from the Oltenia region along the Danube for utilization in the Black Sea. Within the onshore solution, for each of the CO2 sources, suitable sinks have been identified in the form of oil reservoirs currently in the tertiary phase of exploitation that can be used for injection of captured CO2 and storage during the enhanced oil recovery operations. For SE Isalnita, the CO2-EOR solution is Bradesti oil reservoir. For CET Govora, Oltchim and Ciech Soda Romania, the most suitable oil reservoirs are represented by Cazanesti and Babeni fields. The CO2 captured from SE Rovinari can be used within the CO2-EOR operations in the Balteni field. For SE Turceni, the most suitable CO2-EOR reservoir is the Bibesti-Bulbuceni oil structure. The CO2 captured from both SE Craiova II and Alro can be used for CO2-EOR operations within the structure Samnic-Ghercesti-Malu Mare. In order to define the offshore solution, the first step was to identify the ports along the Danube which have the necessary infrastructure to facilitate the transport of CO2 by ship to the Black Sea. 17 ports have been identified, from which, 11 are only fluvial, 3 are fluvial-maritime and 3 maritime. Within the Black Sea, the major structural unit that accommodates oil reservoirs and potential storage structures and the only structure investigated so far from the CO2 storage perspective is the Histria Depression. The oil reservoirs that can be used for injection and utilization of captured CO2 for EOR are: Lebada Vest and Lebada Est, Sinoe, Portita, Pescarus and Delta. 1 Document No. ALIGN-CCUS D5.5.1 Identification of CCUS pathways - Romania.docx Issue date 06.10.2019 Dissemination Level Public Page 2/18 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 3 2 CO2 SOURCES IN OLTENIA REGION .................................................................................................... 4 3 IDENTIFICATION OF CCUS PATHWAYS FOR OLTENIA REGION ...................................................... 7 3.1 ONSHORE SOLUTIONS .......................................................................................................................... 7 3.2 OFFSHORE SOLUTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 9 4 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 15 5 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................ 16 2 Document No. ALIGN-CCUS D5.5.1 Identification of CCUS pathways - Romania.docx Issue date 06.10.2019 Dissemination Level Public Page 3/18 1 Introduction The present report summarizes part of the work done so far within Task 5.5. Evaluating CO2 transport and storage routes in the Oltenia region, sub-tasks 5.5.1. Identification and description of possible CCUS pathways in the Oltenia region and 5.5.2. Assessment of possibilities to use captured CO2 in the western Black Sea area. The objectives of this work were: • To identify major CO2 sources in Oltenia region; • To identify suitable oil structures for CO2-EOR within close proximity of the sources; • To analyse transport options from source to sink within the Oltenia region; • To identify ports along the Danube that can be used in order to transport by ship the CO2 captured from Oltenia sources to the Black Sea area; • To select oil structures in the western Black Sea that can constitute suitable CO2-EOR solutions. The report has two main chapters, Chapter 2 and Chapter 3. Chapter 2 presents the situation of major CO2 emissions in Oltenia region. Chapter 3 illustrates the onshore and offshore CCUS pathways identified for Oltenia region. 3 Document No. ALIGN-CCUS D5.5.1 Identification of CCUS pathways - Romania.docx Issue date 06.10.2019 Dissemination Level Public Page 4/18 2 CO2 sources in Oltenia region For 2017, within the South-West development region, including the Oltenia province, the total verified CO2 emissions were 16.078.594 t. As it can be seen from Figure 1 and Table 1, the largest CO2 emitters are the power plants within the Oltenia Energy Complex (Rovinari, Turceni, Ișalnița, Craiova II) and CET Govora. The industry of non-iron metals is represented by a single source, while the chemical industry is represented by two sources. Oltenia Energy Complex, the company holding the four power plants is a major electricity producer, delivering around 25 % from the total electric energy of the country (ANRE, 2016). SE Rovinari was put into operation between 1972 and 1978, it has three blocks of 330 MW, operating on lignite fuel. Two blocks are being upgraded and one block is being modernized. It is the largest source of CO2 emissions in the country. SE Turceni, according to the data published on the site Oltenia Energy Complex, was put into operation between 1978 and 1987 and has 4 blocks of 330 MW each, operating on lignite fuel, of which 2 are modernized and one is in progress of modernization SE Ișalnița, according to the same source, was put into operation between 1964 and 1968 and has 2 partially modernized blocks of 315 MW each, operating on lignite fuel. SE Craiova II was commissioned in 1987 and has two 150 MW blocks operating on lignite. As a measure for reducing air pollution, all the energy blocks have been equipped with dense slurry and desulphurisation installations. SE Craiova II is also the main source of the thermal energy supply system for the city of Craiova, through two cogeneration groups (on coal with gas, 2 × 150/120 MW), two hot water boilers (on coal with fuel, 2X100 Gcal / h), a boiler of 50 Gcal / h and a boiler of 30 Gcal / h. CET Govora was put into operation in 1959 and represents an important producer and distributor of electricity and heat. Alro Slatina was founded in 1961 and is currently the only producer of primary aluminum and aluminum alloys in Romania and the largest producer of aluminum in Central and Eastern Europe (except Russia). The aluminum production capacities are located in Slatina and include an electrolysis section, processing capabilities, including a foundry, hot and cold mills and an extrudate section. As an environmental protection measure, Alro has adopted the replacement of the fluoride-containing wet gas cleaning technology with the dry gas treatment technology (retention efficiency increased from 65% to over 99%) and has reduced the greenhouse gas emissions a few dozen times compared to 1989. CIECH Soda Romania (formerly: Uzinele Sodice Govora) is located in southern Romania, in Govora. CIECH Soda Romania manufactures soda ash, water glass, sodium silicate and soda derivatives. OLTCHIM is a major producer in the chemical industry in Central and Eastern Europe. OLTCHIM was founded in 1966 as the Chemical Works and since 1990 the company has operated as a joint stock company. OLTCHIM became a public company in 1997 by listing on the Bucharest Stock Exchange. 4 Document No. ALIGN-CCUS D5.5.1 Identification of CCUS pathways - Romania.docx Issue date 06.10.2019 Dissemination Level Public Page 5/18 Figure 1. GIS map showing the distribution of major CO2 emission sources and oil and gas structures from the Oltenia region 5 Document No. ALIGN-CCUS D5.5.1 Identification of CCUS pathways - Romania.docx Issue date 06.10.2019 Dissemination Level Public Page 6/18 Table 1. List of the major CO2 emission from Oltenia region verified for 2014 and 2017 Emissions 2014 Emissions 2017 Name of the source Technology (t CO2) (t CO2) SE Rovinari 4.469.942 5.782.942 Energy SE Turceni 4.476.006 4.429.457 Energy SE Isalnita 2.378.893 2.357.658 Energy CET Govora 1.178.473 1.513.139 Energy SE Craiova II 1.164.735 1.290.216 Energy Alro 377.880 395.216 Non-iron metals Ciech Soda 182.137 213.247 Chemical industry Romania - S.C. OLTCHIM S.A.