Terminology List for Muscles

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Terminology List for Muscles Skeletal muscle cells: sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, nuclei, sarcoplasmic reticulum, myofibrils, sarcomere, thick and thin filaments, nuclei, T-tubules, motor neuron, motor end plate, neuromuscular junction, synapse, endomysium, motor neuron, motor end plate, synaptic cleft, muscle cell Muscle organ: fascicle, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, tendon, aponeurosis, galea aponeurotica, linea alba, iliotibial tract, calcaneal tendon Muscles of Human & Cat Human Muscles Cat Muscles Muscles of the Head and Neck epicranius (frontalis belly; occipitalis belly) temporalis orbicularis oris orbicularis oculi extrinsic eye muscles (as a group) zygomaticus major masseter masseter digastric buccinator platysma temporalis sternocleidomastoid sternomastoid cleidomastoid mylohyoid sternohyoid Muscles of the Trunk rhomboideus major rhomboideus minor rhomboideus subscapularis levator scapula serratus anterior serratus ventralis pectoantibrachialis pectoralis major pectoralis major pectoralis minor pectoralis minor xiphihumeralis deltoid clavodeltoid acromiodeltoid spino deltoid trapezius clavotrapezius acromiotrapezius spinotrapezius supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor latissimus dorsi latissimus dorsi erector spinae external intercostals internal intercostals external oblique external oblique internal oblique internal oblique transverse abdominis transversus abdominis rectus abdominis rectus abdominus scalenius medius Muscles of the Pectoral Appendage epitrochlearis biceps brachii biceps brachii brachialis brachialis triceps brachii triceps brachii flexor carpi radialis flexor carpi radialis brachioradialis brachioradialis flexor digitorum extensor carpi radialis extensor carpi radialis extensor digitorum extensor digitorum palmaris longus palmaris longus Muscles of the Pelvic Appendage gluteus medius gluteus medius gluteus maximus gluteus maximus psoas major iliacus adductor femoris adductor longus adductor magnus pectineus gracilis gracilis sartorius sartorius tensor fascia latae tensor fascia latae biceps femoris biceps femoris semitendinosus semitendinosus semimembranosus semimembranosus adductor femoris rectus femoris rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus lateralis vastus intermedius vastus medialis vastus medialis gastrocnemius gastrocnemius & achilles tendon & achilles tendon soleus soleus tibialis anterior tibialis anterior peroneus longus peroneus muscles extensor digitorum longus extensor digitorum longus .

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Take Care of Your Feet .Pub
Newsletter Feb / Mar 2018 www.chiropractorcapalaba.websyte.com.au Publisher Dr. Patrick J. Shwaluk Educated - Safe - Effective Doctor of Chiropractic Spine Care Certified Chiropractic Sports Physician Many patients consider this Take care of your feet Feet are complicated. Immobilizing feet by newsletter as a squeezing them into tight fitting reminder to come in shoes and standing on them all for their monthly day can causes the muscles to good spinal health shorten and cramp. When the check up. Now is a arches drop the joints, fascia, tendons and ligaments to get over good time to book stretched, thicken with scar tissue, your “tune up” stiffen, become brittle and painful. appointment . By the time someone experiences plantar fasciitis they have a drop in one or more of the arches, stiffening Figure 2: Plantar Facia of some of the joints of the feet Clinic Hours and a 50% thickening Figure 1: 3 arches The stretches in figure 3 should be held for of the plantar fascia three minutes each. Long duration stretches, - Mon 10am 7pm ligament, figure 2. referred to as “melting stretches”, are required - Tues 9 am 12pm to cause plastic deformation of the fascia and - Wed 10am 6pm Each foot has 26 bones and 3 arches, an increase in its length. Short duration - Thurs 3pm 7pm figure 1 . The transverse arch, A-B, is stretches will feel good and mobilize the feet - Fri 9am 4pm associated with metatarsalgia and Morton’s but not change the overall length of the fascia. - Sat 9:30 am 12:30pm neuromas. The lateral longitudinal arch, B-C, is associated with lateral foot pain.
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Lower Limb Osteofascial Compartments
Lower limb Osteofascial compartments Zdenek Halata, Department of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague Pelvis – osteofascial compartments: 1. Lacuna vasorum et Lacuna musculorum: between lig. inguinale (spina iliaca ant. sup. and tuberculum pubicum) and os ilium and ramus superior ossis pubis a) Lacuna vasorum – A.iliaca externa – A. femoralis V.iliaca externa – V. femoralis b) Lacuna musculorum M. iliopsoas N. femoralis N. cutaneus femoris lateralis 2. Canalis obturatorius Vasa obturatoria et N. obturatorius 3. Foramen suprapiriforme Vasa glutea sup., N. gluteus superior 4. Foramen infrapiriforme Vasa glutea inf., N.gluteus inf., N.cutaneus femoris post., N. ischiadicus Thigh – osteofascial compartments: 1. compartment of adductor muscles: m. adductor magnus, longus and brevis m. gracilis with separate compartment 1. compartment of extensor muscles: m.quadriceps femoris, m.sartorius with separate compartment 3. compartment of flexor muscles: m.semimebranosus, m.semitendinosus m.biceps femoris Septum intermusculare femoris laterale Septum intermusculare femoris mediale: with a. and v. femoralis and N. saphenus Septum intermusculare femoris posterius: with n.ischiadicus, aa.perforantes and vv.perforantes 4. Canalis vastoadductorius: between fossa iliopectinea and fossa poplitea Calf - osteofascial compartments Compartment of extensor muscles: m.tibialis anterior, m.extensor hallucis longus, m.extensor digitorum longus Compartment of superficial flexor muscles: m.soleus, m.gastrocnemius Compartment of deep flexor muscles: m.tibialis posterior, m.flexor hallucis longus, m.flexor digitorum longus Compartment of peroneus muscles: m.peroneus longus, m.peroneus brevis Fascia cruris with superficial and deep layer (lamina superficialis and profunda) Membrana interossea cruris Septum intermusculare cruris anterius Septum intermusculare cruris posterius Foot - osteofascial compartments Compartment with extensor tendons in synovial sheaths Compartment with flexors for the 5.
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1 the Effect of Repetitive Ankle Perturbations on Muscle Reaction
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Bedfordshire Repository The Effect of Repetitive Ankle Perturbations on Muscle Reaction Time and Muscle Activity Dr. Peter Kevin Thain PhD Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Dr. Gerwyn Trefor Gareth Hughes PhD Department of Kinesiology, University of San Francisco, California, United States of America. Dr. Andrew Charles Stephen Mitchell PhD Department of Sport Science & Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, United Kingdom Key Words: habituation, reaction time, ankle sprain, tilt platform Address correspondence to Peter Kevin Thain, PhD, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, City South Campus, Westbourne Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 3TN, United Kingdom. Address e-mail to [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT The use of a tilt platform to simulate a lateral ankle sprain and record muscle reaction time is a well-established procedure. However, a potential caveat is that repetitive ankle perturbation may cause a natural attenuation of the reflex latency and amplitude. This is an important area to investigate as many researchers examine the effect of an intervention on muscle reaction time. Muscle reaction time, peak and average amplitude of the peroneus longus and tibialis anterior in response to a simulated lateral ankle sprain (combined inversion and plantarflexion movement) were calculated in twenty-two physically active participants. The 40 perturbations were divided into 4 even groups of 10 dominant limb perturbations. Within-participants repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted to assess the effect of habituation over time for each variable.
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Functional Analysis of the Foot and Ankle Myology of Gibbons and Bonobos
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Lirias J. Anat. (2005) 206, pp453–476 FunctionalBlackwell Publishing, Ltd. analysis of the foot and ankle myology of gibbons and bonobos Evie E. Vereecke,1 Kristiaan D’Août,1 Rachel Payne2 and Peter Aerts1 1Laboratory for Functional Morphology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium 2Royal Veterinary College, University of London, UK Abstract This study investigates the foot and ankle myology of gibbons and bonobos, and compares it with the human foot. Gibbons and bonobos are both highly arboreal species, yet they have a different locomotor behaviour. Gibbon locomotion is almost exclusively arboreal and is characterized by speed and mobility, whereas bonobo locomotion entails some terrestrial knuckle-walking and both mobility and stability are important. We examine if these differ- ences in locomotion are reflected in their foot myology. Therefore, we have executed detailed dissections of the lower hind limb of two bonobo and three gibbon cadavers. We took several measurements on the isolated muscles (mass, length, physiological cross sectional area, etc.) and calculated the relative muscle masses and belly lengths of the major muscle groups to make interspecific comparisons. An extensive description of all foot and ankle muscles is given and differences between gibbons, bonobos and humans are discussed. No major differences were found between the foot and ankle musculature of both apes; however, marked differences were found between the ape and human foot. The human foot is specialized for solely one type of locomotion, whereas ape feet are extremely adaptable to a wide variety of locomotor modes.
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Experience with Peroneus Brevis Muscle Flaps for Reconstruction of Distal Leg and Ankle Defects Original Article
Published online: 2019-10-07 Original Article Experience with peroneus brevis muscle flaps for reconstruction of distal leg and ankle defects Babu Bajantri, Ravindra Bharathi, Sanjai Ramkumar, Latheesh Latheef, Smitha Dhane, S. Raja Sabapathy Departments of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery and Burns, Ganga Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Address for correspondence: Dr. S. Raja Sabapathy, Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery and Burns, Ganga Hospital, Coimbatore - 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Objective: Peroneus brevis is a muscle in the leg which is expendable without much functional deficit. The objective of this study was to find out its usefulness in coverage of the defects of the lower leg and ankle. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis of the use of 39 pedicled peroneus brevis muscle flaps used for coverage of defects of the lower leg and ankle between November 2010 and December 2012 was carried out. The flaps were proximally based for defects of the lower third of the leg in 12 patients and distally based for reconstruction of defects of the ankle in 26 patients, with one patient having flaps on both ankles. Results: Partial flap loss in critical areas was found in four patients requiring further flap cover and in non-critical areas in two patients, which were managed with a skin graft. Three of the four critical losses occurred when we used it for covering defects over the medial malleolus. There was no complete flap loss in any of the patients. Conclusion: This flap has a unique vascular pattern and fails to fit into the classification of the vasculature of muscles by Mathes and Nahai.
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Comparative Morphology of Skeletal Muscles in Man and Macaque Abstract
Showa Univ. 1. Med. Sci. 5(2), 137146, December 1993 Review Comparative Morphology of Skeletal Muscles in Man and Macaque Seuchiro INOKUCHI, Tadanao KIMURA, Masataka Suzuiu, Junji ITO and Hiroo KUMAKURA Abstract: Anatomical features (shape, weight and myofibrous composition) of skeletal muscles reflect the muscular functions. In this study, we histologically analyzed the myofibrous composition of corresponding muscles and compared their functions in man and the macaque. Among the intrinsic hand and foot muscles, the hand muscles for gripping and pinching movements were well developed in humans and those for hanging were well developed in the hands and feet of the macaque. Of the spinohumeral muscles, morphological differ- ences (thickness of muscle layer and muscle fiber size) were observed in different regions. In the muscles in the upper and lower extremities, the relative weight and myofibrous composition were correlated with the characteristics of their respective motions. There were differences in myofibrous composition among those muscle groups due to bipedal or quadrupedal walking by man and the macaque. The differences in the myofibrous composition of the muscles for vocalization (laryngeal muscles), and the innervation ratios of the muscle fibers reflected vocal ability. Key words: comparative anatomy, muscle composition, skeletal muscle, macaque Introduction In general, the number and the thickness of skeletal muscle fibers vary within each muscle, due to differences in functions. Muscle fibers are known to be thicker in muscles engaged in powerful movements and thinner in muscles engaged in fine movements1. On the other hand, muscle fibers are divided histochemically into 3 types, type I, type II and intermediate type2).
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Muscle MRI in Patients with Dysferlinopathy: Pattern Recognition
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp-2017-317488 on 7 May 2018. Downloaded from Neuromuscular RESEARCH PAPER Muscle MRI in patients with dysferlinopathy: pattern recognition and implications for clinical trials Jordi Diaz-Manera,1,2 Roberto Fernandez-Torron,3,4 Jaume LLauger,5 Meredith K James,4 Anna Mayhew,4 Fiona E Smith,6 Ursula R Moore,4 Andrew M Blamire,6 Pierre G Carlier,7 Laura Rufibach,8 Plavi Mittal,8 Michelle Eagle,4 Marni Jacobs,9,10 Tim Hodgson,6 Dorothy Wallace,6 Louise Ward,6 Mark Smith,11 Roberto Stramare,12 Alessandro Rampado,12 Noriko Sato,13 Takeshi Tamaru,13 Bruce Harwick,14 Susana Rico Gala,15 Suna Turk,7 Eva M Coppenrath,16 Glenn Foster,17 David Bendahan,18,19 Yann Le Fur,19 Stanley T Fricke,20 Hansel Otero,20 Sheryl L Foster,21,22 Anthony Peduto,21,22 Anne Marie Sawyer,23 Heather Hilsden,4 Hanns Lochmuller,4 Ulrike Grieben,24 Simone Spuler,24 Carolina Tesi Rocha,25 John W Day,25 Kristi J Jones,26 Diana X Bharucha-Goebel,27,28 Emmanuelle Salort-Campana,29 Matthew Harms,30 Alan Pestronk,30 Sabine Krause,31 Olivia Schreiber-Katz,31 Maggie C Walter,31 Carmen Paradas,32 Jean-Yves Hogrel,33 Tanya Stojkovic,33 Shin’ichi Takeda,34 Madoka Mori-Yoshimura,34 Elena Bravver,35 Susan Sparks,35 Luca Bello,36 Claudio Semplicini,36 Elena Pegoraro,36 Jerry R Mendell,37 Kate Bushby,4 Volker Straub,4 The Jain COS Consortium ► Additional material is ABSTRact INTRODUCTION published online only. To view Background and objective Dysferlinopathies are a Dysferlinopathies are a group of autosomal reces- please visit the journal online group of muscle disorders caused by mutations in the sive muscular dystrophies caused by mutations in (http:// dx.
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An Unusual Cause of Foot Clonus: Spasticity of Fibularis Longus Muscle
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 56 (2013) 482–488 Clinical case / Cas clinique An unusual cause of foot clonus: Spasticity of fibularis longus muscle Une cause inhabituelle de tre´pidation e´pileptoı¨de du pied : la spasticite´ du muscle long fibulaire a, ,e a,e b,c,e b,e d,e a,e A. Thevenon * , R. Serafi , C. Fontaine , M.-Y. Grauwin , N. Buisset , V. Tiffreau a Service de MPR, hoˆpital Pierre-Swynghedauw, CHRU de Lille, 59037 Lille cedex, France b Poˆle des neurosciences et de l’appareil locomoteur, clinique d’orthope´die-traumatologie, hoˆpital Roger-Salengro, CHRU de Lille, 59037 Lille cedex, France c Laboratoire d’anatomie, faculte´ de me´decine Henri-Warembourg, 59045 Lille cedex, France d Poˆle des neurosciences et de l’appareil locomoteur, clinique de neurochirurgie, hoˆpital Roger-Salengro, CHRU de Lille, 59037 Lille cedex, France e PRES Lille-Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France Received 28 August 2012; accepted 8 April 2013 Abstract The functional consequences of spasticity can be corrected by local, pharmacological or surgical treatments once the spastic muscle has been identified. However, this diagnosis can be tricky when the muscle in question is rarely involved in spasticity or when its mechanical action is unusual or poorly characterized. Here, we present the case of a man presenting with left hemiplegia after an ischaemic stroke. His gait was perturbed by foot clonus in the sagittal plan, which persisted after selective neurotomy of the gastrocnemius and soleus but disappeared after neurotomy of the peroneus longus.
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United States National Museum Bulletin 273
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION MUSEUM O F NATURAL HISTORY UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 273 The Muscular System of the Red Howling Monkey MIGUEL A. SCHON The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. 1968 Publications of the United States National Museum The scientific publications of the United States National Museum include two series, Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States National Museum Bulletin. In these series are published original articles and monographs dealing with the collections and work of the Museum and setting forth newly acquired facts in the fields of anthropology, biology, geology, history, and technology. Copies of each publication are distributed to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the various subjects. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form, of shorter papers. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume. In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes in which are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the needs of the presentation. Since 1902, papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum have been published in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. This work forms number 273 of the Bulletin series. Frank A. Taylor Director, United States National Museum U.S.
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Surgical Anatomy
225 THE LOWER LIMB 226 SURFACE MARKINGS 1. bones & joints • Superior anterior iliac spine • Greater tuberosity [trochander] of humerus A hand’s breadth below the iliac crest, easily palpable with the hip adducted, so thet the hip abductors [gluteus minimus, gluteus medius & tensor fasciae latae] are relaxed. • Ischial tuberosity The body weight is put on it when the subjects sits. Is covered by the gluteus minimus which slips away when sitting. • Patella Is freely mobile from side to side • Condyles of femur • Condyles of tibia • Adductor tubercle of femur Is the first bony prominence met when the hand runs down the medial side of thigh. • Knee joint line • Tibial tuberosity A bony prominence 6cm below the knee where the patellar ligament of rectus femoris inserts. • Head of fibula Is easily palpable below the lateral epicondyle of tibia • Shaft of tibia Its anterior surface is subcutaneous • Medial malleolus • Fibula Is subcutaneous on its distal 7-10cm. • Lateral malleolus Lies inferiorly than the medial malleolus • Head of talus Is the block of bone felt in front of malleoli • Tuberosity of the navicular A bony prominence 3cm in front of medial malleolus [insertion point of tibialis anterior] • Base of 5th metacarpal At the lateral border of the foot, the insertion point of peroneus brevis • Calcaneus • Peroneum tubercle, 2.5 cm below lateral malleolus • Sustentaculum tali, 2.5 cm below medial malleolus 2.BURSAE Some bony prominences of the lower limb have an overlying bursa [risk of inflammation leading to considerable distension]. • Over ischial tuberosity 227 Is caused by too much sitting [weaver’s bottom] • In front of patella Prolonged forward kneeling [housemaid’s knee], causing prepatellar bursitis • Infrapatellar bursitis Inflammation of the bursa over the ligamentum patellae, caused be more erect kneeling • Bursitis over Achiles tendon, navicular tuberosity or over the phalanges Is caused by tight shoes • Bunion A thickened bursa on the inner aspect of the 1st metatarsal head, usually associated with hallux valgus deformity.
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Active Flatfoot Phenomenon Caused by Posterior Tibial Tendon Dys- Function Tomomasa Nakamura1*, Ichiro Sekiya1, Takeshi Muneta1 and Haruyasu Yamamoto1,2
ISSN: 2643-3885 Nakamura et al. Int J Foot Ankle 2017, 1:003 Volume 1 | Issue 1 Open Access International Journal of Foot and Ankle CASE REPORT Active Flatfoot Phenomenon Caused by Posterior Tibial Tendon Dys- function Tomomasa Nakamura1*, Ichiro Sekiya1, Takeshi Muneta1 and Haruyasu Yamamoto1,2 1 Check for Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan updates 2Chiba Kashiwa Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba, Japan *Corresponding author: Tomomasa Nakamura, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Introduction Background: Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD) Adult acquired flatfoot deformity is characterized is considered the major cause of adult acquired flatfoot de- by the loss of medial arch height, valgus deformity of formity. We report a case of PTTD showing “active flatfoot” calcaneus and forefoot abduction while standing [1-3]. phenomenon in which a patient can voluntarily transition from a normal foot shape to flatfoot deformity. Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD) is consid- Case: The patient was a 52-year-old female who could vol- ered the major cause of this clinical state. PTTD was untarily provoke flatfoot deformity by dorsiflexion of her left classified from the physiological and X-ray findings by ankle. Her chief complaint was medial ankle pain, which we Johnson and Strom [4] and modified by Myerson [5]. diagnosed as stage II of the posterior tibial tendon dysfunc- The deformity is evaluated in standing position and dy- tion according to the physical and radiographic examina- namically examined in lying or sitting position for deter- tion. The Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) midfoot score was 66 points.
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Deep Peroneal Nerve Palsy Caused by an Extraneural Ganglion Cyst: a Rare Case
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Orthopedics Volume 2015, Article ID 861697, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/861697 Case Report Deep Peroneal Nerve Palsy Caused by an Extraneural Ganglion Cyst: A Rare Case Dimitrios Nikolopoulos,1 George Safos,1 Neoptolemos Sergides,1 and Petros Safos2 1 Orthopaedic Department, Central Clinic of Athens, 31 Asklepiou Street, 10680 Athens, Greece 2Orthopaedic Department, Ikaria General Hospital, 83302 Ikaria, Greece Correspondence should be addressed to Dimitrios Nikolopoulos; [email protected] Received 4 October 2014; Revised 5 December 2014; Accepted 24 December 2014 Academic Editor: Thierry Begu´ e´ Copyright © 2015 Dimitrios Nikolopoulos et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Lower extremities peripheral neuropathies caused by ganglion cysts are rare. The most frequent location of occurrence is the common peroneal nerve and its branches, at the level of the fibular neck. We report the case of a 57-year-old patient admitted with foot drop, due to an extraneural ganglion of the upper tibiofibular syndesmosis, compressing the deep branch of the peroneal nerve. Although there have been many previous reports of intraneural ganglion involvement with the lower limb nerves, to our knowledge, this is the second reported occurrence of an extraneural ganglion distinctly localized to the upper tibiofibular syndesmosis and palsying deep peroneal nerve. The diagnosis was made preoperatively using MRI. The common peroneal nerve and its branches were recognized and traced to its bifurcation during the operation, and the ganglion cyst was removed.
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