OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT-ELECT
RICHARD M. NIXON WASHINGTON, D.C.
December 2, 1968
Mr. D. Thant 3600 Palisades Ave Riverdale, New York 10471
Dear Mr, Thant: As you may know, I have pledged to brinq into this Administration men and women who by their qualities of youthfuiness, judgment, intelligence and creativity, can make significant contributions to our country. I seek the best minds in America to meet the challenges of this rapidly changing world. To find them, I ask for your active participation and assistance. You, as a leader, are in a position to Know and recommend exceptional individuals. The persons you se- lect should complete the enclosed form and return it to you. I ask that you then attach your comments. My staff will carefully review all recommendations for inclusion in our reservoir of talent from which appointments will be made. I will appreciate greatly, Mr. Thant, your taking time from your busy schedule to participate in this all-important program.
Sincerely,
Richard M. Nixon
RMN/jww Enclosures THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
March 12, 1969
Dear Mr, Secretary General:
It was very kind of you to send me the photograph p£ the two of us taken in Rangoon in 1953. I greatly appreciate your generosity and your thoughtfulness in inscribing the photograph to me. It will remain a cherished reminder of our long friendship and our mutual efforts toward world peace and understanding.
With warm personal regards,
Sincerelys
His Excellency U Thant Secretary General of the United Nations New York, New York 10017 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON
July 22, 1969
Dear Mr. Secretary General:
The starvation of innocent civilians in the Nigerian civil war has seared the conscience of the international community. I know you personally share my anguish over this tragedy.
I know too that we are both deeply concerned that the suffering in the Biafran enclave may be verging on further catastrophe as a result of the current relief impasse. Ambassador Yost has already discussed this problem with you. I wanted you to know, however, of my direct personal interest in restoring the flow of relief. The United States Government stands ready to support any efforts you and the United Nations can make to this end.
I have just completed intensive discussions on the civil war and relief matters with Emperor Haile Selassie, and I assured the Emperor that the United States will continue to give its fullest support and encouragement to any efforts of the Organization of African Unity both in restoring relief and in promoting a peaceful settlement. I am also address- ing appeals to the relief agencies and the two parties to reach a prompt and practical agreement on the resumption of the relief airlift.
I fully recognize that this is a complicated •problem which requires wisdom as well as zeal. With still greater tragedy looming before us, the United States is determined to explore every avenue in the common interest of saving lives. It is in that spirit that I would hope that the United Nations, through you or in some other way, could make a contribution. In a very real sense, the children who suffer - 2 - most of all in this tragedy represent the world of the future, which the United Nations is dedicated to protect.
J look forward, Mr. Secretary General, to continuing close consultations with you on this matter.
Sincerely,
His Excellency U Thant Secretary General of the United Nations New York 10017 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON
September 22, 1969
Dear Mr. Secretary General:
Thank you for meeting with our Peace Corps representatives who are serving abroad. Your deep commitment to world peace and to economic, social and human development is an example to these fine Americans, and to the thousands of Volunteers they represent.
I am sure you will find that they share many of your goals, especially your thought that we must "channel the idealism of our young people" into an international effort against injustice and poverty.
/ As we approach the United Nations' second development decade, I find appropriate and encouraging the international interest in volunteer service which is reflected in the recent significant resolutions of the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council. I am deeply pleased that the United Nations is now studying the possibilities of an Inter- national Volunteer Corps, for if Volunteers of the world can work together, the vision of development will become less distant and the promise of peace will move closer to reality.
In keeping with this Administration's dedication to inter- national cooperation and development, the Peace Corps, under the direction of Mr. Joseph Blatchford, is under- taking a number of new initiatives, including a commitment to the concept of international voluntary service. Guiding its new directions is a conviction that the developing countries themselves must take part in their own human development through the formation of their own volunteer organizations. To help achieve these goals, the Peace Corps will seek to send abroad more technically skilled Volunteers, along with the traditional generalists; it will persist in efforts to develop the concept of exchange volun- teer programs and will look to host country leadership in the development of Peace Corps activities. The vast number of people of all ages who wish to offer their goodwill, skills and idealism as Volunteers must be given the chance to do so, and the participation of the United Nations toward this goal merits the highest commendation. I wish you success and assure our full cooperation in this most important effort.
Sincerely,
His Excellency U Thant Secretary General of the United Nations United Nations, New York 10017 THE WHITK HOUSE WASHINGTON
October 6, 1969
Dear Mr. Secretary General:
The opportunity to meet with you and so many other distinguished diplomats on the occasion of my recent brief stay in New York was an especially welcome one. I was delighted to see you again and grateful for the privilege of addressing the General Assembly and I want you to know how much I appreciate your thoughtfulness in giving me the unusually handsome album of United Nations stamps. They will always remind me of this interesting and very rewarding visit to United Nations Headquarters.
With my best wishes,
Sincerely,
His Excellency U Thant Secretary General of the United Nations New York, New York 10017 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON
February 18, 1970
Dear Mr. Secretary General:
Early in. each year, by tradition, the President addresses the Congress of the United States on the State of the Union. This year I have sent a separate message to the Congress on the subject of United States foreign policy and I thought you might find a copy of the message useful in view of the deep desire of the American people to live in peace with our neighbors throughout the world.
With warm personal regards,
Sincerely,
His Excellency U Thant Secretary General of the United Nations United Nations, New York 10017 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON
June 8, 1970
Dear Mr. Secretary General: Knowing your interest in the progress of efforts for peace in Vietnam, I am enclosing a copy of the text of the interim report on the Cambodia opera- tion which I made to the people of the United States on June 3. It comes to you with my warm personal regards. Sincerely,
His Excellency U Thant Secretary General of the United Nations United Nations, New York 10017 THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 25, 1970
Dear Mr. Secretary General:
Ambassador Yost has conveyed to me and to the Secretary of State your expression of appreciation for the accession of the United States to the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations. Let me voice my personal satisfaction that this item of unfinished business has at last been taken care of. I hope it foreshadows the continued excellent relations between the United States and the United Nations in this 25th anniversary year.
It also gives me great pleasure that you have accepted my invitation to be my honored guest at dinner at the White House on July 10 in cele- bration of the Charter anniversary. I look for- ward to seeing you.
Sincerely,
His Excellency U Thant Secretary General of the United Nations New York, New York THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON
July 9, 1970
Dear Mr. Secretary General: The report I gave to the American people on June 30 expresses the purposes and accomplishments of the Cambodia operation. I think you may find the complete text of the report interesting and I am enclosing a copy with this note. It comes to you with my best wishes. Sincerely,
His Excellency U Thant Secretary General of the United Nations United Nations, Sew York 10017 THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
July 18, 1970
Dear Mr. Secretary General:
On this first anniversary of man's landing on the moon, I am particularly pleased to convey my best wishes to you and to your distinguished colleagues of the United Nations Outer Space Committee and the Security Council.
The lunar fragment which Dr. Paine will present to the United Nations this afternoon comes from all of the people of the United States of America. One year ago today Astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin collected it on the sur- face of the moon and then, rejoining Astronaut Collins in the command ship Columbia, returned to earth, bringing with them the flag of the United Nations which you will find mounted together with the lunar fragment.
The brave men of Apollo XI, who are with you in New York today, undertook their voyage in the name of all mankind. At that time, one of the world's great statesmen said: "Let us take inspiration from this moment and go forward together in peace here on earth. " Those inspiring words —which were your own —have set our task. Let us, then, rededicate ourselves to the spirit of Apollo XI; let us as nations go for- ward together toward peace and unity, striving to express in deed the vision which has drawn us together in spirit.
With warm personal regards,
Sincerely,
His Excellency U Thant Secretary General of the United Nations New York, New York 10017 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON
July 23, 1970
Dear Mr. Secretary General:
The very handsome medals and stamps you gave me on July 10 are a valued souvenir of our meeting during your recent visit to Washington, and I want to thank you again for your thoughtfulne s s in presenting them to me. As mementoes of the United Nations' 25th Anniversary, they mark a significant and hopeful milestone in the often troubled history '.:" .-:-rr.2.tior.al cooperation.
I am also especially grateful for the host country's unique privilege of having you as our honored guest at dinner, as we paid anniversary tribute to the UN. It was a great pleasure to see you again, and to have the opportunity for another talk with you.
With warm personal regards,
Sincerely,
His Excellency U Thant Secretary General of the United Nations New York, New York THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON
February 27, 1971
Dear Secretary General:
Along with this letter, Ambassador Bush, the new Permanent Representative of the United States to the United Nations, will be presenting his formal credentials. However, I would like to take this occasion to express to you more personally and informally the special trust and high regard 1 have for Ambassador Bush, and to reiterate to you the support of the United States Government and people for the United Nations. Whether promoting a just and lasting peace in the Middle East, engaging in peacekeeping operations in critical areas around the world, or grappling with the problems of develop- ment, the environment, population and human rights, there is no substitute for the important work being done by the United Nations.
As the nations become ever more interdependent and as common problems increasingly demand common solutions, I am certain the United Nations will be even more important than it is today. I have instructed Ambassador Bush to reaffirm our commitment to help solve the problems confronting the United Nations, and to cooperate fully in efforts designed to make it even more effective in carrying out its heavy responsibilities under the Charter.
I will very shortly be sending you under separate cover a copy of my 1971 Message to the Congress - 2 - on Foreign Policy, which I delivered yesterday. I would be delighted to have your comments on it, and hope that you will feel free to convey them orally through Ambassador Bush if that is convenient for you.
With warm personal regards,
Sincerely,
His Excellency U Thant Secretary General of the United Nations New York, New York 10017 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON
March 3f 1971
Dear Mr. Secretary General: On February 25 of this year I sent a special message on American foreign policy to the Congress of the United States. Knowing how fully you share my interest in building and strength- ening a durable structure of inter- national relations, I am enclosing a copy of this report. This message reflects my conviction that an enlightened foreign policy for the 1970's must look to stronger international institutions — and in particular a more effective United Nations — to help nations share the responsibilities and costs of meeting common global needs. A major task is to fashion the practical means that will enable the United Nations to move decisively to keep the peace. Beyond this, my report stresses this country's interest in encouraging international cooperation, within the United Nations framework, to solve the increasing number of complex and pressing problems which are posed by the world's new \ technology and which are i^nternationa][ in scope„ I recall with pleasure our meetings last year in Washington and New York. The opportunity to exchange views with you was especially welcome, and I want to take this occasion to express my particular appreciation for your im- portant role in supporting and facili- tating the talks under the auspices of Ambassador Jarring for the purpose of bringing about a just and lasting peace in the Middle East. With warm personal regards, Sincerely,
His Excellency U Thant Secretary General of the United Nations New York, New York COEFIBEBTIAI. Draft 27 October 1971
Dear Mr* Nixon: It was with gratification that I learned (you^wi^llj^jbavi^^a^ meeting with the Soviet leaders in Moscow in the latter part of May 1972 to review all major issues with a view toward further improving bilateral relations between the United States and the Soviet Union and enhancing the prospects of world peace. I would like to take advantage of the opportunity thus provided to bring to your attention and to the attention of the Soviet leaders a matter which has been of great concern to all members of the world community and to me personally. I refer to the question of achieving & comprehensive nuclear test ban agreement or, more specifically, a treaty to ban all underground nuclear weapon tests. As you are aware, the United Nations has been discussing this matter ^w- fever since Prime Minister Nehru first proposed a halt to nuclear weapon tests in 195^0 Resolutions calling urgently for an end to all nuclear weapon tests have been adopted at virtually every session of the General Assembly since 1957. No other question in the field of disarmament has been the subject of such extensive study and discussion. I believe that all the technical and scientific aspects of the problem have been so fully explored that only a political decision is necessary in order to achieve final agreement. I detect a growing feeling amongst the nations of the world that an underground test ban is the single most important measure, and perhaps the only feasible one within the near future, to halt the nuclear arms race as regards its qualitative aspects. There is also a widespread feeling that the^ostjoppor- tunities (that have existe<| in the past for reaching agreement should not be repeated, and that the question can and should be solved now. Arguments have been |ut forward) that an underground test ban by the Soviet Union and the United States must depend upon success or substantial progress in the bilateral Strategic Arms limitation Talks between the Soviet Union and the United States.~ Qtke*s%sve/argued that the reverse is true. According to unofficial reports, these talks have been mainly concerned with the quantitative rather than the qualitative aspects of the nuclear arms race. There is a growing belief that an agreement to end all underground testing^ - 2 * • . which has far exceeded the number and rate of previous testing in the atmosphere, would facilitate the achievement of agreements at SAM on qualitative as well as quantitative limitations to the nuclear arms race. - // It might also facilitate agreement on. reducing and mot merely oa^hstablishing ?' - •• ' • • 3the number of existing nuclear weapon systems. While I recognise that differences of views concerning the effectiveness of seismic methods of detection and identification of underground nuclear tests still remain, experts of the highest standing believe that it is now, or soon will be, possible to identify all such explosions down to the level of a very few kilotons. Even if one or two such tests could be conducted clandestinely s it is most unlikely that a series of such tests could escape detection. Moreover, it is doubtful whether there would be much military significance to tests of such small magnitude. When one takes into account other existing national means of verification and the possibilities provided by international procedures of verification fj^JL^f O^-'V^J^ --- such as consultationf inquiry, and what has /gome to be knownTas] "verification by challenge• " " or ' "inspectio• '"•:. n b•y invitation,'•'••", it woul'd seem tha*~t^ the possible risks of an agreement for an underground test ban would be small indeed. /JEt is, moreover, questionable whether new information of much military significance about nuclear weapon design can be obtained through further testing^ and whether for the foreseeable future there are any important strategic reasons for continuing such testsJ Recently a new argument has • _--^ ' • - been raised that continued testing is necessary to ensure the reliability of existing weapons. Such "confidence testing" could presumably go on without "cijW-e. i^y-c-s-f -fa* A**- s^ -sU-M'" Lf _ • Y end. But if /such tests fwere halted, even if this were to result in some *- ... L — - . . deterioration in the reliability of nuclear weapons, this would apply more or less equally to the over-large stockpiles of both the Soviet Union and the United States; there would therefore be no substantial change .. ' ' • nuelea? strategic balance'' * Many governments J regard the cessation of underground nuclear weapon tests by the Sovie'.:•. t Unior^ n and the United States as proof of the intention of the two governments to live up to the moral and political obligations they have undertaken in the Preamble to the Moscow test ban treaty of 1963 and the legal obligations under Article VI of the Treaty on the Ifon-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of 196$* A number of governments are also convinced that . . -3 . the ending of such tests might provide some inducement to the two nuclear powers which are not parties to the Moscow test ban treaty at least to reduce the number of their nuclear weapon tests and eventually to stop them entirely. I feel confident that the moral and political consequences that would follow froa a decision by the Soviet Union and the United States to halt all nuclear weapon tests could have a beneficial effect on the possibilities of halting all tests by everyone* everywhere;;.^ ".;'". In any case, it appears to have become customary to include in arms limitation treaties provisions for withdrawal and for holding review confer- ences; these would provide additional safeguards in case any country considered its vital interests were affected or threatened. As you are aware, considerable disquiet has been generated by the recent underground nuclear test of several megatons conducted by the Soviet Union in Movaya Zemlya in September and by the announced multi -megaton test soon to be held by the United States in Amchitka. Indeed, there appears to be widespread and growing dissatisfaction by non-nuclear weapon states with the failure of the two powers to stoxW-VX^S*p /nuclea- ^^v'vS-^^^^^r weapon ^tests. A comprehensive test ban treaty would strengthen the Treaty on the Ion-proliferation of ISuelear Weapons, It would be a ma^or step towards halting what has been called "vertical proliferation", that is, the further sophistication and deployment of nuclear weapons, and would also strengthen the resolve of potential nuclear weapon states not to acquire nuclear weapons and thereby help to prevent the "horizontal proliferation" of such weapons. On the other hand, if nuclear weapon tests by the nuclear powers continue, the future validity and perhaps even the viability of the lfon«proliferation Treaty may be jeopardized. I need not describe the greatly increased dangers that would confront the world in such event. In the light of all these considerations, it would seem that the potential risks of continuing underground nuclear weapon tests would far outweigh any possible risks from ending such tests. I am bringing these considerations to your attention in the hope that your forthcoming meeting may provide a renewed opportunity for you to review the question at this time, so that it might be possible for your Government and the Government of the Soviet Union to agree at your meeting in Moscow to a complete cessation of all nuclear weapon testa. I have already appealed publicly to the Soviet Union and the United States to announce that they would concentrate on achieving a Comprehensive test ban in 1972. I would tffit. s^^sys osv- •J now like to appeal privately to^both Governments to endeavor to take such decisions duilng their bilateral talks as would ensure the achievement of an underground test ban at this earliest possible date in 1972> and perhaps to announce at their meeting in May their agreement, at least in principle, to this effect. X am sending a similar letter to £reaiier Alexsei H. Kosygin. X take this opportunity, Mr. President> to extend to you the renewed assurances of asy highest consideration- COMFIDEHTIAL Draft 7 December 1971
Dear Mr. Nixon: It was with gratification that I learned you will be having a meeting with the Soviet leaders in Moscow in the latter part of May 1972 to review all major issues with a view toward further improving bilateral relations between the United States and the Soviet Union and enhancing the prospects of world peace. I would like to take advantage of the opportunity thus provided to bring to your attention and to the attention of the Soviet leaders a matter which has been of great concern to all members of the world community and to me personally. I refer to the question of achieving a comprehensive nuclear test ban agreement or, more specifically, a treaty to ban all underground nuclear weapon tests. As you are aware, the United Nations has been discussing this matter ever since Prime Minister Nehru first proposed a halt to nuclear weapon tests in 195**-. Resolutions calling urgently for an end to all nuclear weapon tests have been adopted at virtually every session of the General Assembly since 1957. No other question in the field of disarmament has been the subject of such extensive study and discussion. I believe that all the technical and scientific aspects of the problem have been so fully explored that only a political decision is necessary in order to achieve final agreement. I detect a growing feeling amongst the nations of the world that an underground test ban is the single most important measure, and perhaps the only feasible one within the near future, to halt the nuclear arras race as regards its qualitative aspects. There is also a widespread feeling that the lost oppor- tunities that have existed in the past for reaching agreement should not be repeated, and that the question can and should be solved now. Arguments have been put forward that an underground test ban by the Soviet Union and the United States must depend upon success or substantial progress in the bilateral Strategic Arms Limitation Talks between the Soviet Union and the United States. Others have argued that the reverse is true. According to unofficial reports, these talks have been mainly concerned with the quantitative rather than the qualitative aspects of the nuclear arms race. There is a growing belief that an agreement to end all underground testing, - 2 - which has far exceeded the number and rate of previous testing in the atmosphere, would facilitate the achievement of agreements at SALT on qualitative as well as quantitative limitations to the nuclear arms race. It might also facilitate agreement on reducing and not merely on establishing limits to the number of existing nuclear weapon systems. While I recognize the differences of views concerning the effectiveness of seismic methods of detection and identification of underground nuclear tests still remain, experts of the highest standing believe that it is now, or soon will be, possible to identify all such explosions down to the level of a very few kilotons. Even if one or two such tests could be conducted clandestinely, it is most unlikely that a series of such tests could escape detection. Moreover, it is doubtful whether there would be much military significance to tests of such small magnitude. When one takes into account other existing national means of verification and the possibilities provided by international procedures of verification such as consultation, inquiry, and what has come to be known as "verification by challenge" or "inspection by invitation", it would seem that the possible risks of an agreement for an underground test ban would be small indeed. It is, moreover, questionable whether new information of much military significance about nuclear weapon design can be obtained through further testing, and whether for the foreseeable future there are any important strategic reasons for continuing such tests. Recently a new argument has been raised that continued testing is necessary to ensure the reliability of existing weapons. Such "confidence testing" could presumably go on without end. But if such tests were halted, even if this were to result in some deterioration in the reliability of nuclear weapons, this would apply more or less equally to the over-large stockpiles of both the Soviet Union and the United States; there would therefore be no substantial change or threat to the nuclear strategic balance. Many governments regard the cessation of underground nuclear weapon tests by the Soviet Union and the United States as proof of the intention of the two governments to live up to the moral and political obligations they have undertaken in the Preamble to the Moscow test ban treaty of 1963 and the legal obligations under Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of 1968. A number of governments are also convinced that - 3 -
the ending of such tests might provide some inducement to the two nuclear powers which are not parties to the Moscow test ban treaty at least to reduce the number of their nuclear weapon tests and eventually to stop them entirely. I feel confident that the moral and political consequences that would follow from a decision by the Soviet Union and the United States to halt all nuclear weapon tests could have a beneficial effect on the possibilities of halting all tests by everyone, everywhere. In any case, it appears to have become customary to include in arms limitation treaties provisions for withdrawal and for holding review confer- ences; these would provide additional safeguards in case any country considered its vital interests were affected or threatened. As you are aware, considerable disquiet has been generated by the recent underground nuclear tests, reportedly of several megatons, conducted by the Soviet Union in Novaya Zemlya and by the United States in Amchitka. Indeed, there appears to be widespread and growing dissatisfaction by non-nuclear weapon states with the failure of the two powers to stop nuclear weapon tests. A comprehensive test ban treaty would strengthen the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. It would be a major step towards halting what has been called "vertical proliferation", that is, the further sophistication and deployment of nuclear weapons, and would also strengthen the resolve of potential nuclear weapon states not to acquire nuclear weapons and thereby help to prevent the "horizontal proliferation" of such weapons. On the other hand, if nuclear weapon tests by the nuclear powers continue, the future validity and perhaps even the viability of the Non-Proliferation Treaty may be jeopardized. I need not describe the greatly increased dangers that would confront the world in such event. In the light of all these considerations, it would seem that the potential of continuing underground nuclear weapon tests would far outweigh any possible risks from ending such tests. I am bringing these considerations to your attention in the hope that your forthcoming meeting may provide a renewed opportunity for you to review the question at this time, so that it might be possible for your Government and the Government of the Soviet Union to agree at your meeting in Moscow to a complete cessation of all nuclear weapon tests. I have already appealed publicly to the Soviet Union and the United States to announce that they would concentrate on achieving a comprehensive test ban in 1972. I would now like to appeal privately to both Governments to endeavor to take such decisions during their bilateral talks as would ensure the achievement of an underground test ban at the earliest possible date in 1972, and perhaps to announce at their meeting in May their agreement, at least in principle, to this effect. I am sending a similar letter to Premier Alexsei N. Kosygin. I take this opportunity, Mr. President, to extend to you the renewed assurances of my highest consideration. CONFIDENTIAL Draft 27 October 1971
Dear Mr. Nixon: It -was with gratification that I learned you will be having a meeting with the Soviet leaders in Moscow in the latter part of May 1972 to review all major issues with a view toward further improving bilateral relations between the United States and the Soviet Union and enhancing the prospects of world peace. I would like to take advantage of the opportunity thus provided to bring to your attention and to the attention of the Soviet leaders a matter •which has been of great concern to all members of the world community and to me personally. I refer to the question of achieving a comprehensive nuclear test ban agreement or, more specifically, a treaty to ban all underground nuclear weapon tests. As you are aware, the United Nations has been discussing this matter ever since Prime Minister Nehru first proposed a halt to nuclear weapon tests in 195^« Resolutions calling urgently for an end to all nuclear weapon tests have been adopted at virtually every session of the General Assembly since 1957- Wo other question in the field of disarmament has been the subject of such extensive study and discussion. I believe that all the technical and scientific aspects of the problem have been so fully explored that only a political decision is necessary in order to achieve final agreement. I detect a growing feeling amongst the nations of the world that an underground test ban is the single most important measure, and perhaps the only feasible one within the near future, to halt the nuclear arms race as regards its qualitative aspects. There is also a widespread feeling that the lost oppor- tunities that have existed in the past for reaching agreement should not be repeated, and that the question can and should be solved now. Arguments have been put forward that an underground test ban by the Soviet Union and the United States must depend upon success or substantial progress in the bilateral Strategic Arms Limitation Talks between the Soviet Union and the United States. Othershave argued that the reverse is true. According to unofficial reports, these talks have been mainly concerned with the quantitative rather than the qualitative aspects of the nuclear arms race. There is a growing belief that an agreement to end all underground testing, - 2 - which has far exceeded the number and rate of previous testing in the atmosphere, -would facilitate the achievement of agreements at SALT on qualitative as well as quantitative limitations to the nuclear arms race. It might also facilitate agreement on reducing and not merely on establishing limits to the number of existing nuclear weapon systems. While I recognize that differences of views concerning the effectiveness of seismic methods of detection and identification of underground nuclear tests still remain, experts of the highest standing believe that it is now, or soon will be, possible to identify all such explosions down to the level of a very few kilotons. Even if one or two such tests could be conducted clandestinely, it is most unlikely that a series of such tests could escape detection. Moreover, it is doubtful whether there would be much military significance to tests of such small magnitude. When one takes into account other existing national means of verification and the possibilities provided by international procedures of verification such as consultation, inquiry, and what has come to be known as "verification by challenge" or "inspection by invitation," it would seem that the possible risks of an agreement for an underground test ban would be small indeed. It is, moreover, questionable whether new information of much military significance about nuclear weapon design can be obtained through further testing, and whether for the foreseeable future there are any important strategic reasons for continuing such tests. Eecently a new argument has been raised that continued testing is necessary to ensure the reliability of existing weapons. Such "confidence testing" could presumably go on without end. But if such tests were halted, even if this were to result in some deterioration in the reliability of nuclear weapons, this would apply more or less equally to the over-large stockpiles of both the Soviet Union and the United States; there would therefore be no substantial change or threat to the nuclear strategic balance. Many governments regard the cessation of underground nuclear weapon tests by the Soviet Union and the United States as proof of the intention of the two governments to live up to the moral and political obligations they have undertaken in the Preamble to the Moscow test ban treaty of 1963 and the legal obligationsunder Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of 1963. A number of governments are also convinced that - 3 - the ending of such tests might provide some inducement to the two nuclear powers which are not parties to the Moscow test ban treaty at least to reduce the number of their nuclear weapon tests and eventually to stop them entirely. I feel confident that the moral and political consequences that would follow frcm a decision by the Soviet Union and the United States to halt all nuclear weapon tests could have a beneficial effect on the possibilities of halting all tests by everyone, everywhere. , In any case, it appears to have become customary to include in arms limitation treaties provisions for withdrawal and for holding review confer- ences; these would provide additional safeguards in case any country considered its vital interests were affected or threatened. As you are aware, considerable disquiet has been generated by the recent underground nuclear test of several megatons conducted by the Soviet Union in Novaya Zemlya in September and by the announced multi-megaton test soon to be held by the United States in Amchitka. Indeed, there appears to be widespread and growing dissatisfaction by non-nuclear weapon states with the failure of the two powers to stop nuclear weapon tests. A comprehensive test ban treaty would strengthen the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. It would be a major step towards halting what has been called "vertical proliferation", that is, the further sophistication and deployment of nuclear weapons, and would also strengthen the resolve of potential nuclear weapon states not to acquire nuclear weapons and thereby help to prevent the "horizontal proliferation" of such weapons. On the other hand, if nuclear weapon tests by the nuclear powers continue, the future validity and perhaps even the viability of the Non-proliferation Treaty may be Jeopardized. I need not describe the greatly increased dangers that would confront the world in such event. In the light of all these considerations,it would seem that the potential risks of continuing underground nuclear weapon tests would far outweigh any possible risks from ending such tests. t I am bringing these considerations to your attention in the hope that your forthcoming meeting may provide a renewed opportunity for you to review the question at this time, so that it might be possible for your Government and the Government of the Soviet Union to agree at your meeting in Moscow to a complete cessation of all nuclear weapon tests. I have already appealed publicly to the Soviet Union and the United States to announce that they would concentrate on achieving a comprehensive test ban in 1972. I would now like to appeal privately to both Governments to endeavor to take such decisions during their bilateral talks as would ensure the achievement of an underground test ban at the earliest possible date in 1972, and perhaps to announce at their meeting in May their agreement, at least in principle, to this effect. I am sending a similar letter to Premier Alexsei N. Kosygin. I take this opportunity, Mr. President, to extend to you the renewed assurances of my highest consideration. NEW YORK TIMES, Thursday, 7 November 1968
Victory ^.j^ibii^^lJ^^biij bringing to a climax an amazing ^ has been elected President of the A succession of tragedies has brought home to the United States' eight years .after he first sought the American people* in this century the importance of the .Office. A Republican, he joins Thomas Jefferson and position of Vice President of the United States. Spiro Andrew Jackson, those patristic heroes of the Demo- T. Agnew, elected to that office on the ticket headed cratic party, as one of only three men in the nation's by Richard M. Nixon, will now stand in closest succes- history to be elected to the White House after having sion to "the Chief Executive for the next four years; been defeated in a previous try for the Presidency. This!:newspaper criticized Mr.- Agnew's selection by Mr. Nixon in August,'and during £he campaign opposed Mr. Nixon's victory was{ iii many respects an excit- : .^g re-run of the 1960 election1 with a different ending, i his election even more strongly. It was particularly remarkable that despite the" dis- -Now that the choice has been made by the American torting effects of a>;third candidate in the race,, the people, Governor^Agnew has the'Opportunity of making popular vote of the'two majpr party nominees divided .aluseful contribution to the new administration. In almost evenly across the country. this endeavor we wish him success. In the;end, Mr. Nixon did achieve!a.plurality in the popular vote and a clear majority in; the ^Electoral A Loser Stands Tall College which place his victory beyond cavil or dis- pute. The nation can be profoundly grateful that the .It was entirely in character for Vice President voters have reached an indisputable decision. There Humphrey to admonish his supporters to "be of good is to be no. further delay before the result is actually cheer" in his. first public words after conceding Mr, known and accepted; nor is there any occasion for Nixon's victory. He admitted this Would not be easy,- what could have been ignominious dickering wrm .the but on his record there can be no doubt that he will set a superb example. third-party candidate, George C. Wallace. •• * f *' : ' For Hubert 'Humphrey is just about the most resili- ent and; ebullient man in public life. American politics • Many, difficulties confront the President-elect as he' would be much duller without him, and fortunately approaches-his >new responsibilities. Siricip the Demo- there'is. no need, to contemplate such a prospect. He "crats. have retained control of House and Seriate, Mr, has promised to continue to dedicate himself to public Nixon will have to make special efforts to- enlist service, to 'the building of "a responsive and vital bipartisan cooperation if he is to make any headway Democratic party," and to the causes of human rights, with his; domestic program. Even more serious and world peace and man's betterment. fundamental, however, is the fact that Mr.( Nixon In a .year of unbelievable tragedy and turmoil, the Appears to have won office with Only negligible" sup- Vice '•' President: made
Yftrk taw firm, who has Gov- tBetgpviet Uniph , •r»I.- f j ierit experience. Mr. Lin- eigh --and. dpmestic questions began the proc- colij, 60 years old, helped set before Jan. 20. The President Johnson Vows Aid \ £;«> ^^»y=».s«rniining, as he is. up a modern budget process for will undoubtedly make his Histrud^d/to da under the Pres- the Navy from 1943 to 1945'as views known to his successor. In Power Transfer ideri'tial;-Transition Act of 1963, assistant fiscal director of the The Bureau of the Budget Navy''•• Department and served which acts as an over-all ex- that' Mr. Nixon was the '"ap- as controller of the Defense De- ecutive agency for the Presi- By NEIL SHEEHAN parent winner" of yesterday's partment from 1959 to 1961. dent, has also prepared briefing Special to Tbe Sew York ismts election. The President ordered all documents for Mr. Nixon and SAN ANTONIO, Tex., Nov. That' determination legally executive departments and his aides on general -manage- 6—In a telegram of congratu- entitled Mr. Nixon and his principal Federal agencies to ment questions and budget! aides to $450,000 in Federal prepare lengthy'briefing docu- matters. lations this morning, President funds, Government office space ments for the men who will ' .Mr. Johnson is responsible Johnson informed President- and- the services of Mr. Knott take over these departments for preparing and submitting elect Richard M. Nixon that and a number of other Gov- arid agencies under the new the budget for the fiscal year1 he would do "everything in my ernment officials,' All'this is de- Administration. 1970, but Mr. Nixon will have signed to facilitate Mr. Ni?tbn's Each document is divided to decide whether to accept power to make your burdens assumption of the Presidency lighter on that day when you into two areas. The first de- this budget'or prepare amend- on Jan. 20 and the creation of scribes the organization and ments''for submission to Con- assume the responsibilities of an Administration to carry out principal personnel of the de- gress as soon as he takes over. the President." his directives'. partment, or agency and the Fifty offices have been set Even as Mr. Johnson's tele- When Mr. Nixon is sworn in second delineates the major aside for Mr. Lincoln and other as the 37th President he will problems facing it, telling what members of the Nixon organi- gram was being transmitted to face a host of major policy Mr. Nixon from the President's has been done so far to solve zation in the new red brick questions. He will have to carry them and outlining alternative Federal Office Building diagon- ranch 65 miles north of here, forward'the negotiations to set- courses. of action. for the ally across Pennsylvania Ave- the machinery had been set in tle the Vietnam war, negotiate future. - nue from the White House and motion/'for an orderly transi- with the Soviet Union for limit- The deadline for the comple- in the imposing Victorian Exec- atations' on offensive and de- utive Office Building next door. tion from the. old Administra- fensive nuclear weapons sys- tion of these documents is mid- tion to the new..;.....: tems, alter' or continue the November, but it is understood Office Space Set Aside Lawson 'Knott, the .a'dmihis-'. Johnson Administrations's gen- that most have been finished In addition, the head of each ' 'Services* graf.-foreign policy, direct the and Mr. Murphy will hand department and agency has these over to Mr. Lincoln in designated office spacers suc- ifeli'a'bili&tjo.ri/-tif the nation's Washington tomorrow morning. the other The briefing documents pre- cessor can use fpr. briefings, i coun- pared by the Departments of preparatory reading and inter- ,-..».._- con" views of principal aides and /i'llje7: opposition .party. State and Defense are said to senior civil servants. run :to thousands of' pages J. Edgar Hoover, the head of •Butitbjefpre?h1 e •.- can. confront each. , these issue's; 'he. must''assemble : la the; Defense department theSFederal Bureau of Investi- a team that .can;begin,to exe- separate briefing documents gation, has formed a special cute his efforts aridmanage - in have been prepared, by the .Sec- team of F.B.I, agents who will his name the'; largest organiza- retary of: Defense's office, by rush through security clearance tion in the world —: 2,705,00? checks for Nixon appointees as civilian Federal employes and the Deputy :,and Assistant Sec- they are named. The team will retaries ,• of • Defense under it reduce the normal time for 3,489,922 Officer; s and men 'in arid by the Departments" of the the military services. Arriiy, Navy and Air Force. such- background investigations ilt is'the task .of recruiting from three or four months to the members of this team, see- '•. Briefing on Vietnam two to three weeks. ing that, they learn their duties , In outlining future policy on It is estimated that there are and; the problems .they tape, ob- such questions as'Vietnam, dis- 3,000 nbnjudicial positions in taining their security1 'Clear- armament and others, the the Federal Government, al- ances, secretaries and principal Johnson Administration, has most all in Washington, where aides; and, making certain that reportedly ' listed the advan- the incumbents serve at the pleasure of the President. About they are prepared tp: assume tages and disadvantages of authority on time..with Which each, and has refrained from 300 are major positions,' with the major, portion of the transi- pressing its own views sharply. approximately 70 Cabinet and tion process will be 'concerned .The President is said to be- sub-Cabinet-level jobs.;The rest Elaborate > preparations, forlieve that it .would be unseemly are so-called category civil, serv- the transition had been..made for his Administration to press ants whose jobs are subject to before Mr. Knott, formally be- its--yiews too' strongly on its Presidential appointment. gan the-work... . - successors and. to believe that On Septi-il-, President John- importuning might have the President Back in Capital son asked' all.,three .presidential negative result of creating re- WASHINGTON, Nov. 7 (AP) candidates to name' liaison men sistance. '-. —President Jqhnson returned who would work with the man Mr. Johnson is scheduled to to the White House: at 12:21 he had designated as the .cen- .brief Mr, Nixorj on the Viet- A.M., Eastern standard time, tral, coordinator for. the transi- nam .negotiations when the today after a five-day stay in tion process, Charles,; S President-elect returns, from a Texas. Murphy,; a special Presidential few!days' rest in Florida. More the President landed at counsel.,, meetings between the two are Andrews Air Force Base and N&pn^named Franklin expected on Vietnam, the stra- then took a helicbptef-.tp-.thea '""• "'"• his New tegic nuclear relationship to White House; ^v-;;; "yij7 •*,• .*' NEW YORK TIMES, Thursday, 7 November 1968
Tf - „ ~r, IS U • • t>ombing halt in North Viet* ^-_ nam. At the same tinie it was, viewed as' a gesture of good- will toward the incoming Ad- CaHs for 'Normalization' ministration. Comment during .the cam- By HENRY KAMM paign led observers to believe Special to The New YorS that the -Soviet -Union favored ; Vice President Humphrey,- but . e^The Soviet Union greeted the. elec- only marginally. ." ' ;. :£:nfiwf president: of the United States today with a In the first; published ' com- teawior,;aStSJPSJtt''Cme^'hojjjn'alization"! . of relations; between' Moscow ment on- Mr. • Nixon'.!'victory, «Stai4jSis»lBi,f*fflWSi?,IEwar.E:j-".'' • :.. -V ij iw>:-Vi.'-:' -, '•• ,. ., ' ' , Tass, ^e'...official pf ess.,agency, and ^Washington for the sake said 'in a dispatch .from .:New of. world; peace: Vr '••' . . •••'•]• York that the outcome repre- • The demand'was put forward sented a vote against the in- in a speech on •behalf of the cumbents rather than an ex- pression of confidence in the \;,fhe ;aiiri of. the imp'eriaii'sts,, ruling Politburo, of the Com- Republican candidate. Mr. Mazurov sai'd, jwas tb-tuse! munist, party "by First Deputy The honor of/'delivering the internal and external counter- Premier Kirill T. Mazurov as revolutionary forces to under- Politburo's, report' to'the nation mine the leading role of the election returns in the United fell to' Mr. Mazurov, a 54-year-- Communist party and, eventual States showed that Richard M. old Byelorussian who joined 'the national administration; "in 1965. ly, to detach Czechoslovakia Nixon had won the. Presidency, The Bolshevik anniversary from the socialist community. The occasion was . the tradi- speech is alternated among Mr. Mazurov declared that tional ' speech in the Kremlin the socialist countries now had members of "the leadership. confidence "in the strength of oh; the eve of the anniversary Reviewing .the foreign policy the Communist party and the of the Bolshevik Revolution. course of the year,, Mr. Mazu- rov said to the hand-picked working class of Czechoslo- -. To underline ?the importance. audience of deserving citizens vakia." ,. Moscow attaches, to relations in the glass-and-concrete Pointed Omission with the United ' States, ; Mr. Observers noted the pointed Mazurov raised the issue' twice. omission in-this context of a Noting Soviet proposals for "mu- phrase paying tribute to the 1 party leadership, customary in tual-' lirojtations oh "nuclear Communist protocol. This was regarded as a renewed indica- tion of Moscow's displeasure .-' - ^PW^'-^ •-• : ^^piSJl.reirafant.ito.' 'recall-in with Alexander Dubcek, First ithis connection that w.e have Secretary of the Czechoslovak ' party. expressed readiness to. conduct Mr. Mazurov dealt in nis negotiations with the United speech with the issues raised by States on the entire range of Czechoslovakia's innovations in these problems. But their posi- Communist practice, which the invasion was designed. to halt. tive solution does not depend •.; \Wiiiiouit, naming Czechoslo- on the Soviet Union alonei" :.yaklaC''*e.'spoke with contempt Review of Soviet Actions l"-tif ;:the'~ principal idelogical er- rors of-.which the Czechoslovak After a review of Soviet ac- leaders have been accused. He tions on the international scene, * J "I Mr.-Mazurov returned to Soviet- "We are free both from dog* matism and from the pseudo-, American relations. He said: innovations of revisionists who "We have always attached try to play down the role of great importance to the normal- the party in Communist con- ization of relations between the struction and say that the basic Soviet Union and the United principles of Marxism-Leninism States, which would be '. im- Associated Press are outdated." Kirill T. Mazurov Mr. Mazurov condemned portant not only to both of "national socialism" and any our countries but also to world' Palace of Congresses that the other deviations from Marxism- peace." Leninism. In the absence of a Communist countries had been commonly held definition of A public offer to enter into confronted by the imperialist Marxism-Leninism, the_ Soviet negotiations ; with;" the; United" foe in three areas: Vietnam, Korea and ^Czechoslovakia. Union reserves the right to States' -for-ari, accommqdatiion lV JVhile his; discussion of the brand anyone who disagrees a Asian! .trouble centers was per- deviationist. . :;functory,!,; Mr. Mazurov's re- The speaker- denounced im marks oh: Czechoslovakia con- perialists and China f9r seeking to undermine the unity: of the stituted, the first public ex- Communist camp. At this point planation of the August in- two Chinese diplomats, who vasion by a member of the party leadership. had chosen seats at the rearp . He elaborated on the theory of "quiet counterrevolution" put forward-by the Soyiet,^r.ess,- af ten the Pgct?; 'Kad J1^elRi|d^0^fe6hDsit)^ t^aKJ^i^^^^^^^^^i;^.;^^,^/. . .-' .- ' WEW YORK TIMES, Thursday, 7 November 1968
port'on'brie of $|||iltlough he did not dffer%^ well as 'he had hoped and as others had feared, he received 9,291,- 807 votes or "13.3 per cent of the total, .and the 45 electoral Lead in Popular Tally Votes of Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi and Ar- May Be Smaller Tharr kansas. . Mr. Wallace's support ranged Kennedy's in '60 from. 1 per cent, in Hawaii to 65 per cent in his. home state of Alabama, and his presence By MAX FRANKEL on the ballot in all 50 states Richard Mflhous Nixon unquestionably influenced the emerged the victor yesterday outcome in many of them. But in one of the closest and most there was no certain way of tumultuous Presidential cam- Determining whether Mr. Nixon ipaigns in history and set him- or Mr. Humphrey was the self the task of reuniting the beneficiary of the third-party tation. split-offs. I Elected over Hubert H. Htim- Mr. Humphrey's narrow vic- 'phrey by the barest qf margins tory in states such as Texas ! was probably due to Mr. Wal- —only four one-hundredths of lace's strong showing there. a percentage point in the popu- Conversely, Mr. Wallace's lar vote—and confronted by a drain-off in traditional Demo- Congress in control of the Dem- cratic •strongholds, such as New ocrats, the President-elect said Jersey, probably helped Mr. it "will be the great objective Nixon. •of this Administration at the Strong in the Northeast outset to bring the American The Vice President, staging •f\ r: • people -togetner." a remarkable 'and highly per- Ubst He pledged, as the 37th Pres- sonal comeback drive in the e Seats, in •return./for a final ident, to form '.'an' open Ad-. , last three weeks of the cam- paign, after the opinion polls . of -243 Democrats and ministration, open to new ideas, showed him 10 and even 1.5 192 Republicans. open to men and women of percentage points behind, ran In 34 Senate races, the Dem- both parties, open to critics as extremely well in the north- ocrats gamed two seats, in Cali- well as those "who support us" eastern industrial states, in- fornia and Iowa, and lost seats so as to bridge the gap be- cluding New York, and in in Maryland, Florida, Arizona, tween'the generations and the Michigan. And he profited from large urban majorities, includ- Oklahoma, Pennsylvania and races.' ing Negroes, Jews and Spanish- Ohio, with the. fate of Senator Details Left for Later speaking communities, to take Wayne Morse of Oregon strfl But after an exhausting and Pennsylvania, Texas and Mary- in doubt. tense night of awaiting the land, and possibly Missouri. The political • complexion of Mr. Humphrey mounted the new Congress,, however, verdict at the Waldorf-Astoria strong challenge in California, Hotel here, Mr. Nixon and his but his only other successes may. have shifted another few| closest aides were not yet pre- west of the Mississippi were degrees from the innovative and in his home.state of Minnesota, iberal-rninded spirit • that pre- pared to suggest how they in- vailed in the first two years tended to organize themselves Hawaii and possibly Washing- She Johnson Administration. and to approach these objec- ton, with Alaska still in doubt. Mr. Nixon's victory, there- The. ' 'Concern. about exeessive tives. The Republican victor fore, though^ marginal in num- spending on domestic social expressed admiration for his programs and about law and bers, turned out. to be well pc'der that Mr. Nixon stressed opponent's challenge and reit- spread geographically. in his campaign has been evi- erated his desire to help Pres- He established .the Republican dent on both sides of the aisles ident Johnson achieve peace in party as a formidable and prob- in both Houses 'for some time.' Vietnam _ between now and In- ably permanent political fac- Yet there was no clear ideo- auguration Day on Jan. 20. tor in the South and Southern logical pattern in any of the border states, profiting from voting, for President or. Con- The verdict of an electorate the Wallace inroads, but none- gress.' Cfi'ttcs of the Vietnam that appeared to number 73 mil- theless running extremely we!' war, for instance, lost., some lion could > not be discerned in such states as Kentucky.and contests and won in others. until mid-morning because Mr. Virginia. Mr. Humphrey lost Energetic Democratic incum- Nixon and Mr. Humghrey fin- everything south of West Vir- bents were able to resist even shed in a virtual tie in the ginia and east of Texas to his strong, tides to Mr.'Nixon in two rivals, a result that should some states while cithers' fell popular vote, just as.Mr. Nixon . profoundly shake the Southern victim to them 'elsewhere; ;andv..3Ecjhn,F, Democratic parties. Survival for some 'created new opportunities for leader- Hurt in Urban Areas ship of the now leaderless Dem- ;ion's: election precincts report- Yet the broad spread of Mr ocratic party,. Mr. Humphrey '""•"'<• strength clearly did indicated that he would not re- ng, Mr. Nixon's total stood tend into the great ur- tire from * •'•<•••''"" ••--••""•" last evening at 29,726,409 vofes eas where he must per- efforts " "4iv Humphrey's 29,677, ),5£. fcfttti ihis works of unity, am debts ma* '""' gin of 49,257 wasreven redevelopment. talking for After receiving Mr. Hum- it. will be'"hi Congress' Jpian Mr. Kennedy's phrey's concession, congratula new generation of Democratic margin:- ef 112,803. tioris and offer of cooperation leaders now begins to emerge. Meaning Hard to Find at noon yesterday, Mr. Nixon Senator Edmund S., Muskie, When translated into the de- replied before television cam Mr. Humphrey's running mate, eras with a statement that im became an exciting new na- termining electoral votes of the plicitJy recognized this possible tional figure even .in defeat, states, these returns proved obstacle to his rule. Of all the with a broad appeal that ex- even more difficult to read, signs, friendly and hostile tended all the way from some and the result in two states— thrust at him on the campaign of Senator Eugene J.. Mc- Alaska and Missouri—was still trail, he , said, the one tha Carthy's young'admirers to the not final last Anight. But the un- touched him the most appear ec hard-bitten party regulars of- in the hands of a teen-ager one big-city Democratic organiza- official returns from elsewhere evening in Ohio, reading "Bring tions. gave Mr. Nixon a minimum of Us Together." 287 electoral votes, 17 more He had not campaigned verj New Leaders Emerge than the 270 required for elec- much in Negro communities Senator Edward M. Kennedy, tion. Mr. Humphrey won 191. and knew of the 'overwhelming by loyally playing a key role iri opposition to him by black the revitalizatibn of the 'Hum- Because of the tightness, of voters. His running mate for phrey campaign, further extend the race, the third-party chal- the Vice-Presidency, Gov; Spiro ed his standing as a Democrat lenger, George C. Wallace* T. Agnew of Maryland, had to be reckoned with in future came close to realizing his become, rightly or wrongly, a years.. Senator George S. Mc- minimum objective of 'denying kind of symbol of white annoy- Govern's brief bid for his par- ance with the restiveness oi ty's • nomination after the as- victory to the major-party can- the Negro community. Mr. didates and then somehow sassination of Senator Robert Nixon made no mention of Mr. F... Kennedy gave him new forcing a bargain for- bis sup- Agnew as he thanked all those stature. . who -had contributed to. his WarnlH T7 Wimhise1 aim. wuen translated into ine de- termining electoral votes of the eras with a statement that im- became an exciting new na- plicitly recognized this possible tional figure even .in defeat, states, these returns proved obstacle to his rule. Of all the with a broad appeal that ex- even more difficult to read, signs, friendly and hostile, tended all the way from some and the result in two states— thrust at him on the campaign of Senator Eugene J. Mc- Alaska and Missouri—was still trail, he , said, the one thai Carthy's young admirers to the not final last night. But the un- touched him the most appeared hard-fiitten party regulars of official returns from elsewhere in the hands of a teen-ager one big-city Democratic organiza- evening in Ohio, reading "Bring tions. » gave Mr. Nixon a minimum of Us Together." 287 electoral votes, 17 more He had not campaigned very New Leaders Emerge than the 270 required for elec- much hi Negro communities Senator Edward M. Kennedy, tion. Mr. Humphrey won 191. and knew of the 'overwhelming by loyally playing a key role in Because of the tightness of opposition to him by black the revitalization of the Hum- voters. His running mate for phrey campaign, further extend- the race, the third-party chal- the Vice-Presidency, Gov; Spiro ed his standing as a Democrat lenger, George C. Wallace, T. Agnew of Maryland, had to be reckoned with in future came close to, realizing his .become, rightly or wrongly, a years.. Senator George S.' Mc- minimum objective of 'denying kind of symbol of white annoy- Govern's brief bid for his par- victory to the major-party can- ance with the restiveness of ty's • nomination after the as- didates and then somehow the Negro community. Mr. sassination of Senator Robert Nixon made no mention of Mr. F. Kennedy gave him new forcing a bargain, for- his sup- Agnew as he thanked all those stature. • who -had contributedr'-to. his Gov. Harold E. Hughes* suc- success and vowed to restore cessful campaign for a Senate peace between the races. seat in Iowa will further add Yet another challenge before to his reputation as a formid- the Nixon Administration wil] able vote-getter in Republican of interest in the .economic conflict over the war, the un- expectedly came to be, the sys-. be a Congress firmly managed regions and Alan Cranston of bounty traditionally associated expected abdication of Presi- tern held and turned, under the -by the opposition party. Mr. California, though a quiet and by the lower middle classes dent Johnson in March, the leadership of the retiring Presi- Nixon is the first man since professional man, shopld gain with the Democrats clearly shooting of the Rev. Dr. Mar- dent and the. defeated Vice Zachary Taylor in 1844 to be stature from his defeat of the threatened this political align- tin Luther King Jr. and of Sen- President^ to the swift and or- elected President without his arch-conservative Superintend- ment, as did the physical shift- ator Kennedy in April and June, derly passage of power. party's also winning control of ent of Public Instruction; Max ing of populations out of the the riots in the Negro ghettoes both houses of Congress. Rafferty. cities. • and the turbulence, inside and HUMPHREY VOTEISIG \ With the net loss to. the Re- The Republicans, too, pro- But Mr. Humphrey- sang a out, at the Democratic National publicans of only four seats in duced some vigorous new Sen- vigorous last hurrah for the Convention, had spread" disgust IN MASSACHUSETTS the House .and four, possibly ators such as Charles Mathias and disaffection through polit- five in the Senate, the Demo- remnants of the New Deal and of Maryland and Richard S. proved that the old economic ical ranks. BOSTON, Nov. 6 (UPI)—Vice crats will organize the legisla- Schweiker of Pennsylvania, Yet the excitement of the President . Humphrey, scoring tive agendas of the 91st Con- arguments—-or. fears of Repub- who defeated two incumbents, lican economic management— closing days of the campaign heavily in urban areas yester- gress and command all its com- Senators Daniel Brewster and appeared to kindle new emo- day, apparently surpassed John mittees. By , retaining control were strong enough to hold tions and Mr. Nixon pleaded in Joseph S, Clark. many Democratic voters from F. Kennedy's victory over Rich- on Capitol Hill through a change Of more immediate interest, his victory statement with the ard M. Nixon in Massachusetts of parties in the. White House, defection. Saddled from the young partisans in different lowever, was the question of start of the campaign with an eight years ago. they yill be in a position to where Mr. Nixon would turn branches of the Democratic George C. Wallace also at- exercise a powerful restraint on !or candidates for position in unpopular President and an un- party to remain within the popular war in Vietnam, he tracted- some big-city votes, but Mr. Nixon's budgetary priori- his Cabinet," his White House 'stem and to retain their en- the former Alabama Governor ties, which in fact means his policy staff and other key posi- also managed to wriggle loose lusiasm, even if they felt com- from those burdens and held polled only some 4 per cent of priorities of government. :tions. His choice of men and a pelled to continue to oppose the total vote. President Eisenhower, top, ew crucial appointments, such much of hi's party together at him. All 'incumbent Congressmen had to deal with a Democratic as a new Chief Justice, may least one more time in opposi- The widespread fear that were re-elected, thus retaining Congress for six of his eight well reveal how far to the right tion to Mr. Nixon. neither Mr. Nixon nor Mr. the state delegation's balance of years jn office but his personal and left he intends to reach in The results suggest that in Humphrey would win a clean seven Democrats and five Re- and nonpartisan standing among :he interests of unity and the many of the big states, this victory and that weeks of publicans. the opposition legislators .can- "new coalition" of which he remains a potent, appeal. And bizarre maneuvering would re- Returns from 1,522 of the not be compared with Mr. Nix- sometimes spoke during the where the Democrats remain sult both in the Electoral Col- 2,037 precincts gave Mr. Hum- on's reputation on the Hill for campaign. well organized, as in Texas, lege and in the House of Rep- phrey 1,056,423 votes to 542,- tough and highly partisan com- The old Democratic coalition Missouri or Illinois, or where resentatives persisted through 041 for Mr. Nixon and 64,771 bativeness. Perhaps because he that Franklin D. Roosevelt put the unions put their- men and the long night of return watch- for Mr. Wallace. Mr. Humphrey's anticipated some of these prob- ogether in the 1930s—united money to work, there was ing and analysis. The • closevote was running almost twice ' Ignis, the President-elect ex- he South with the urban shown to be a political mecha- escape at the end may now en- that of Mr. Nixon's. pressed the hope in his victory North, racial segregationists nism still worthy of the atten- courage the forces of reform In the voting yesterday the: statement, that he could coop- with Negroes, big-city ma- tions of ambitious leaders. who wish to alter or abandon House Speaker, John W. Mc- erate with President Johnson as chines, labor unions and the Above all, the campaign the elector system, Mr. • Hum-Cormack of Massachusetts, was Mr. Johnson dealt closely with offspring of immigrants—was demonstrated that the Ameri- phrey among them. . ' elected to his 21st term in President Eisenhower. nought this year to be finally can political system as a whole But harrowing as the. cam- Congress, easily defeating Alan The Republicans took only Breaking apart. could still adjust itself to the paign proved to be and narrow C. Freeman, a Negro interior of the 390 contested seats of, Racial tension and the loss most violent strains. The bitten as Mr. Nixon's margin un- decorator. \;- "All the News Weather: Rain -today.'and;.tonight.' Cloudy, showers. likely tbmorro!w. /-fhat's Fit to Print" Temp, 'range: today 52-48'; Wed. 54-45. Fnil,tJ.:"
VOL. CXVIII. .#0.40,405 © 1968 The New York Times Company. NEW YORK, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 7,1968 10 CENTS-
GOAL IS HARMONY
President-Elect Vows His Administration Will Be 'Open'
By ROBERT B. SEMPLE Jr. President-elect Richard M. Nixon turned yesterday from the business of winning elec- tions to the business of as- sembling an Administration. Weary but thankful, he ap- peared before an elated band of supporters gathered in the ballroom "of the Waldorf- Astoria at 11:35 A.M. He ex- pressed his gratitude for their
Transcript of Nixon's remarks will be found on Page 21.
efforts and his admiration for the "gallant" and courageous fight".of his opponent. He also extended .the hand of friendship to the disappoint- ed partisans of Mr. Humphrey's cause^—particularly the young. Near the end of his eight- minute talk; Me.' .Nixon, took The.New Yort: Times (by NHlBoenzi) note of the division in the.-na- SHE KNEW IT ALL ALONG: President-elect Richard M. Nixon holding crewelwork, a facsimile of Presidential seal embroidered by his daughter tion 'and pledged, in • these1 Julie, who stands beside her fiance, David Eisenhower. Mrs. Nixon and"daughter Patricia completed the family group at the Waldorf-Astoria yesterday. wor.dsj .to bend «very effort to restprejiacial: Ee^c.e, ami .social: words, to bend every effort to restoie racial peace and social harmony "I saw many signs in. this campaign Some of them were not friendly and some were very friendly But the. one that touched me l!he,mbst was * one that I saw "'jn. JDesrJer, "Ohio, at the, end of _ a long "day of whistle^stopping, a little town, I suppose five iimes the popu- lation was there in the dusk, almost impossible to see —, but a teen-ager held up a sign, 'Bring Us Together' "And that will be the gieat 'objective '. of .this- Administra- tion-at the outset, to bring the American people "together.. :This will be' an open Administration, j open to new ideas; open to men and women of both par- ties, open, to the. ...critic's as wellj as those who iisupp&t us.. . > "We. want to bridge the gen- eration-gap. -We 'want to 'bridge the gap between the. races.. We want to bring America togeth- er. And I am confident' that this task is" one that we can undertake and'-one in which we will be successful." Several hours later the cam- paign, entourage began to dis- assemble, its members heading home for "a brief., but long-over- due rest. The candidate him- self flew southward for a three- day vacation in Key. Biscayne, a peninsula just south of Miami where he rested occasionally during .the campaign. Although he has:.been, urged Continued on Page 21, Columnl jt/.S. Will Sell Israel 58 Phantom Jets
By BENJAMIN WELLES to reliable informants, from je taken' as an Administration Special to The New Yori Times State Department to the office Did for the.support of Jewish WASHINGTON, Nov. 6 — of Henry J. Kuss Jr., the Pepujy and other pro-Israeli voters in Continued From Page I, Col. 2 Responsible American sources Assistant Secretary of Defense in charge of international lo- the Presidential campaign?' reported today that the United Administration sources have Riad's charge that Israeli policy States had agreed in principle gistics negotiations, Minted out that Mr. Johnson's was expansionist. to sell Israel 58 Phantom F-4J Both United States and Israeli let fighter-interceptors. sources were reluctant to com- announcement Oct. '9 came Dr. Jarring save the mem- The United States decision, ment in detail on the latest >oon after unproductive' dis- orandum to Mr. Riad this mor- stage of tlite Phantom deal. :ussions between Secretary which was made within the last *usk and a Soviet Foreign Mini ,U,C6» CHARLEY 6 ': ning. 'ew days, takes the arms nego- There were indications, how- ster, Andrei A. Gromyko, dun Mr. Riad said in an inter- Nations between the two coun- ever, that the Israeli Govern- ng the United Nations Genera; I get more fans and more phonies than anybody else In town* •> view later in the day that there :ries a decisive step beyond ment w_as highly gratified by Assembly session in New York' President Johnson's announce- the Presidential decisions, which \tr. Gromyko, who returnee But the funny thing is, they all eat good. ..,•., . "i was "nothing new in the mem- ment of Oct. 9. At that time it had been seeking since Pre m that proud of my supper menu, even though lots of them •"' orandum on the withdrawal of 3ct. 8 to Moscow, is under- ! Mr., Johnson said that he had mier Levi Eshkol visited the Stood to have offered little oi £ot right up to my Sandwich Bar. Israeli forces from. occupied asked Secretary of State Dean United States late last year. no Soviet cooperation in re- 1 can't complain, though. Just as long'as territories, which is the main Rusk to "initiate negotiations Based on Amendment with the Government of Israel ducing major Soviet arms ship- they keep drinking! question." and to report back to me." After tHe visit Mr. Johnson ments to the United. Arab Re- "Therefore, the situation re- Now, it is reported, Israel announced that he would keep jublic and other militant Arab mains deadlocked," Mr. Riad ias not only received approval Israel's defense needs under ac- states. for the purchase, but also has live and sympathetic examina- The phantoms are expected said. :p cost Israel about $3.5-miI- •,ff jeen granted approval for buy- tion in the light of all relevant Sr: He said that he would give factors, "including the ship-. lion each. The first deliveries ing 10 more planes than the are Dr. Jarring an Egyptian mem- 48 she initially requested. • ment of military equipment, by not .expected until the lat- orandum 'tomorrow and that others to the area." The Arab? te+(S1r- part of next year. Inform- s Some Say Number Is 50 "'£' he planned to leave for. Cairo countries have been receiving ants say that should a fresh Reliable Government inform- crisis threaten peace in the if! for consultations tomorrow ants continued to insist today, large quantities of Soviet arms: r '*3. igast, Israel's ;need could ROCKEFELLER CENTER, 33 WES|T48THBTREET(PHONE:JU2-7 Hl ' night. Mr. Riad said the "door nowever, that Israel's request is Mr. Johnson's' .announcement :or 150 Phantoms. Some sug- of Oct. 9 was based on an je given" "higher priority by remains open" for Dr. Jarring gest that the eight'otfrers rha'y amendment to tHe foreign aid order of .the.President.. -'. to continue his effort's .to be intended as eventual re- authorization act. It expressed achieve a settlement and that placements. the desire that 'he sell Israel his departure shduld not be In 1966 the United States the Phantoms.' .interpreted as a breaking-off agreed to supply Israel with 48 The amendment, which was A-4 'Skyhawk light bombers, sponsored by Representative of the talks by the United and last summer it agreed to Lester L. Wolff, Democrat of Arab Republic. accept orders for an additional Nassau County, left up to Mr. Mr, Eban also .proposed tbat 24. These subsonic -planes are Johnson the timing for the start he and Mr. Riad meet under built by the Do.uglas Aircraft of negotiations: Congressional Ambassador Jarring's auspices Company. and Administration figures have to discuss all the points at The negotiations are expect- been eager to play down the issue. Up to now the two.For- ed to shift shortly, according Phantoma talks here lest they eign Ministers have communi- cated by memorandums trans- Egyptians and Jordanians have public join Israel in working mitted by the Swedish diplomat. demanded that Israel carry out out arrangements that, would Strait's Importance Stressed the terras of the resolution, provide security against the The memorandum's emphasis which includes a call for the kind of "vulnerable situation1 on protection of shipping establishment of secure and that caused a breakdown of the through the Strait of Tiran un- recognized boundaries and the peace in 1967? derscores that waterway's sto withdrawal of Israeli forces «IDoes Cairo agree to Mr. tegic and economic importance Tom occupied Arab territories. Eban's interpretation of the to Israel. The strait, which is Statement Reiterated implications and consequences about three miles wide, con- In his latest memorandum, of terminating belligerency and nects the Glut of Aqaba anid Mr. Eban reiterated a state- acknowledging Israel's sover- the Red Sea. Elath, Israel's ment of Oct.. 8 that once a eignty? If not what is the southern port, lies at the head final boundary was established interpretatiom of these terms? of the gulf. . • in a peace treaty, replacing the is .the Egyptian re- Ships moving through the cease-fire lines, troops would action to the refugee proposal strait pass through ' Egyptian not be stationed in areas in Mr. Eban's cine-point pro- territorial waters; the Egyptians than those mutually agreed to gram? This called for a con- observe a three-mile limit. In under the final peace. ference of Middle 'Eastern na- May,' 1967, President Gamal Following are the issues on tions, governments contribut- which Israel seeks clarification ing ' to refugee relief and spe- Abdel Nasser imposed a'blbck- from'the United Arab Republic, cialized agencies, of the United ade on Israeli shipping using according to the memorandum: Nations to chart a five-year the strait.' This was'-'drie' of trie , 'f Is'the' United Aral? Rep_ub- plan for the solution of the factors that led. to the .war-.the s ic^wijiing to .establish a .just refugee problem, it also called 'oUowing month. • V VI" iiid 'lasting peace - with Israel for the, establishment by the 'Israel, in the'. light '.of*' the aii4 does it 'accept the defin.i- signatories of a peace treaty latest: memorandum, white sepn7 ioiir-JBf•; that concept fgiyen in of. Joint Refugee- Integration tinuing to insist on free, pass- Vfr." Eban's communib.ation of and Rehabilitation Commissions age for her ships in the Suez Oct. 15. If .not what is the ;o approve; projects for refugee Canal as soon as it is'ojeried, definition? 'JMr. Eban's Definition : : 1 integration'." does'not appear to link this of "a" jusVarfa lasting .jpeace..in ', *iWhat would be the precise ' ' -« •-- U *„ .J.U.. f~i •*•"—• 1 * '- THE KZ'w YORK TIME*, tnuRSDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1968 Nixon Calls for a Reunited Nation and Vows: 'This Will Be an Open Administration' The New President ... and Vice President Richard Milhous Nixon Spiro Theodore Agnew
NE night in late October, 9As—once again—the pro- DEPEATEDLY during the the 1960 race for a Balti- O 1967, Richard Milhous fessional tactician, threat- **• campaign, Spiro T. Agnew more County judgeship. Nixon's chartered Falcon jet ened during the last three said that, as Vice President, But two years later he He Calls Humphrey'Gallant' was forced down by poor won an upset--Victory over weather at the Westchester weeks of the campaign by a he would not'conceal any and Offers Friendship to County Airport, short of his dramatic upsurge in Hum- differences he had with the the corrupt Democratic coun- phrey strength, driving hard President. From the candor ty machine to bec'dme the Disappointed Backers destination, which was La- for the Border, Midwestern Guardia. Mr. Nixon had and West Coast states he felt with which he has laid bare County Executive. In this opened his New Hampshire he had to win, hitting hard his thoughts during the cam- job. the essentially conser- primary campaign that day paign, there is every reason vative, somewhat colorless; Continued From Page 1, Col. 7 (although he was at the law and order issue, accusing the Administration to believe Mr. Agnew would P.T.A. president and advo- Man not to admit until by his campaign manager, John the following Feb- of encouraging a "security not simply carry cate for suburban planning Mitchell, to "soak up the sun in the gap," mentioning Mr. Hum- surprised liberals of both ruary that he was phrey not only by name but Man any differences to and clear from his mind the News running, officially, the Oval Study parties by winning passage for the Presidency) by epithet. in the but would air campaign cobwebs," he is not «!As—in the end—the vic- News of the first local public ac- and now he was beginning them publicly. commodations law south of likely to take the advice. Like to get a cold. He stood 'there tor, acknowledging the cheers most politicians, Mr. Nixon is of his partisans at the Richard M. Nixon the Mason-Dixon Line. hi the bare, chilly hangar, could hardly complain if Mr. rarely capable of keeping his waiting for a limousine to Waldorf, cheers what were Helped by Democrats mind off public matters for take him home, staring mood- aimed not only at the 37th Agnew did such a 'thing, for President of the United his principal indictment of In 1966, largely with the any length of time, and besides, ily at a pair of socks that States but also at the archi- help of Democrats who flocked the problems that confront him the local gentry of Laconia, Vice President Humphrey was N. H., had given him a few tect of one 9f the most re- to him in protest against now require sustained atten- markable political revivals of that "he never uttered one hours before. word of criticism" of Presi- their own party's segrega- tion. Someone asked him why, modern times. tionist candidate, George P.' Foremost is Vietnam. Mr. for Heaven's sake, he was Key Questions Remain dent Johnson's policies. But Mr. Nixon is aware Mahoney, Mr. Agnew was Nixon has offered to work putting himself through this., Yet for all that, the essen- elected Governor. with President Johnson and again, Surely he had had" tial questions about Mr. that he had little to fear be- enough of the rigors of poli- cause he and his Vice Presi- He proceeded to push Secretary of State Rusk to help Nixon remain unanswered—- through the Legislature a tics. Surely he must have what is his vision of the na- dent, are very much on the present a united front to Hanoi sensed that the next Presi- public housing law, though' and, in his words, "to help get tion, how will he behave or . same, wave length—not only deiicy—should he win it— what programs will he pro- more restricted than he ad-' •the negotiations in Paris off might well be among the . AsswiflteiJ Press on most issues but in the cast dead center." mote in the Presidency? of their minds. vocated; he pressed for tax most difficult and unreward- And thus it is that one THE MEN WHO: President-elect Richard M. .Nixon and his running mate, Gov. Spiro T. • The offer has yet to be ac- For example, like Mr. Nixon, and judicial reforms; he wort ing in decades. And if he hears so often the question Agnew of Maryland after they were nominated at the G.O.P. convention in Miami Beach. passage of a tough antipol- cepted. But even if it is not, won—could he do better than Governor Agnew, while he Mr. Nixon must begin now to put by a puzzled young sec- lution law and the largest Lyndon B. Johnson? retary at a newspaper office may have some criticism of prepare carefully his own dip- "I wouldn't be running if Ryan on June 21, 1940. He retirement also brought him substance of a Nixon Admin- tax increase in the state's lomatic posture toward North last week. She had read all the way President Johnson history to pay for various I didn't think I could," he she wanted to read about worked for the Government greater confidence. Embark- istration. High on technical Vietnam, and to think seri- said evenly. Then he added: and then served in the Pacific ing on the primaries last efficiency, low on self-revela- has waged the Vietnam war, long-needed programs. ously about the new men whom "I think I know what the both candidates, and she had has fully supported its pur- After this auspicious start, he has said he will send to one question about Mr. Nixon: with the Navy, from which year, he seemed a warmer, tion, the campaign produced which won him praise as a problems are. And I think I "What does he want the only conundrums. pose. In fact, he washed his the Paris negotiations after have some answers." he was discharged honorably more mature and serene fig- do-it man, his fall from January. Presidency for other than to in 1946 with the rank of lieu- ure, infinitely more states- During the first three hands of George Romney liberal grace came suddenly Different Appearances be President?" weeks of his campaign, Mr. after the Michigan Governor this year on two issues. Preparing for Transition The question reflected not tenant commander. manlike. Nixon seemed to be extend- That was a long time ago, In the same year he re- Yet the obvious attractions turned dovish. There was, first, his aban-: • No less pressing is the sprawl- and between now and then so much opposition as puzzle- ing a hand to the disaffected Mr. Nixon and Mr. Agnew donment of Governor Rocke-: ing arid often troublesome prob- ment about a man who has ceived a letter from Herman of the "new Nixon" did not Democrats and perplexed in- that same man has appeared been moderately cautious on dependents, and he spoke of- agreed that the pre-eminent feller of New York for lem, of preparing for a change in many different guises: Perry, a California banker on bring those observing him issue facing the new Admin- Richard M. Nixon. : of government in Washington. domestic issues and conven- a citizens committee search- any closer to an intuitive ten of the need to reconcile
Governor Applauds Bearing Telis Friends and Campaign in the Face of Criticism
Staff He Will Continue By FRED P. GRAHAM Role 'in Public Service Special to The Kew Yori Times ANNAPOLIS, Md,, Nov. 6— Vice President-elect Spiro T. Continued From Page 1, Col. 5 Agnew lavished praise on Rich- ard M. Nixon today for his the ritual of thanking his sup-l tolerance of his running mate's porters, his family and his wite,' difficulties in the election cam- his campaign staff and his run- paign. ning mate, Senator Edmund S. "Mr. Nixon showed a re- Muskie of Maine. He read the straint and confidence in me telegram he Had sent to Richard that few people have ever ex- M. Nixon, in which he pledged hibited," Mr. Agnew said in an • his cooperation "in unifying and extemporaneous aside to his leading the nation." j prepared victory statement this •' Having missed so narrowly morning. becoming President-elect he had Associated Press In his first public reference to his relations with Mr. Nixon VICE PRESIDENT-ELECT: Spiro T. Agnew and his wife at his Annapolis, Md., headquar- passed into -that political, limbo GOOD LOSER: Senator Edmund S. Muskie, defeated Democratic Vice Presidential ters yesterday. He thanked President-elect Richard M, Nixon for confidence in him. called . "titular leader of his-j candidate with Ms wife and -his son Stephen in Waterville, Me, yesterday morning. in the period of criticism of fiartyi" and he promised to con- his campaign efforts, the Mary- tinue his "dedication to public land Governor voiced deep service and rebuilding of a re- gratitude for his running mate's sponsive and vital Democratic forbearance. Excerpts From the Statement by Agnew Muskie, in Defeat, Bars Bitterness 'A lesser man may.have in- party." clined to interject into my • "I Have done my best" Mr, Special to The N«w Tori Timei reversed, "that's exactly And I can only say this,-; Hu/nplirey said, lifting his chin particular efforts in this all-out that as the Vice President..!, 0 1 JlUJYlT-n- mtr/iK 1 face the challenge of minority The workers had shouted, attempt to be elected certain ANNAPOLIS, Md., Nov. 6 where I would have been. perceptibly, despite the tears leadership. We hope he suc- "Muskie in '72," and the Sen will be as loyal as a Vice Special to Tat Kew York Tjraei advice that may have been very — Following ££e. excerpts Political campaigns, by na- President has ever been £q a, glinting in Ms eyes. "I have ceeds, at least in developing ator was asked if he harbored upsetting to me under the cir- ture, are abrasive and divi- lost. Mr. Nixon has won. The WATERVILLE, Me., Nov. 6 the kinds of policies we need from a transcript of remarks man. Not because the job re- • democratic process has worked any Presidential ambitions. He cumstances," Mr. Agnew said. by Vice President-elect Spiro sive. Now the time of compe- quires loyalty — of course it . — "If we retire into bitterness. to achieve peace at home and T. Agnew in the ballroom of its will, so now let's get on we'll deserve nothing and get abroad." eplied: Responds to Query tition has passed and the • does — but because of my - with the urgent task of uniting "I haven't really generatec the Statler-Hilton Inn shortly time for cooperation begins. I personal feeling about Mr. nothing." 1 He smiled down on a eather- Later, in response to a ques- after Richard M. Nixon made our country." any ambition for it as yet" welcome this moment when Nixon: This was Senator Edmund S. ing of 100 campaign workers tion as to whether he thought his victory" statement this we begin the very real task- My sincere thanks to all That was all He had intended Muskie's admonition to hard who greeted him with cheers Senator Muskie, a former to say, and he stepped away his presence had hurt the Re- morning: of reuniting America with those friends and supporters losers today ' as he gracefully when he emerged at noon after small town lawyer and the Ph publican ticket, Mr. Agnew fresh vision under new who worked so hard for the from the podium. But as he accepted defeat as Democratic telegraphing congratulations to said that "any sensitive per- It is with a spirit of humil- looked out at the men clapping Beta Kappa son of Polish im ity and great hope that I leadership. Nixon-Agnew ticket. They . candidate for Vice President. Gov. Spiro T. Agnew of Mary- son" would be concerned if he mean so much in our victory. and cheering and the women While predicting that Con- land, the Republican Vice Pres- migrants, surprised some ob greet this moment. It is, first, Moment of Rededication clapping and sobbing, the na- felt he .was hurting a team I am intensely grateful to the gress, which remained under ident-elect. He made his brief servers last night by sitting in effort. President-elect Nixon's vic- This is the greatest cam- American people for allowing tive optimism of the man re- Democratic control, would not statement to the press and a darkened room and chuckling tory and a victory for the paign of all and I pledge all turned and he came back to "I most certainly am not go- me to play an important role . be "a rubber stamp" to the added, "That's too long a over a 40-minute viewing o: ing to say that every bit of the American people. rny energy to this crusade. in the magnificent work that the microphone. new Administration of Richard speech for a fellow who's just campaign slides while paying criticism was unjustified, be- The past weeks have Today is a time for cele- lies ahead. "Now go out and have some lost an election. Now I'm going;no attention to the election been ones of exhausting and bration and for rededication. M. Nixon, Senator Muskie said cause I realize that it wasn't," Questioned on Criticism, fun," said the Vice President, that the opposition's role would out to see if I can win a golf*- turns. ie said. "Some of it was at- fierce competition. This is Let all Americans share in "it's been a lot of hard work. be "constructive and positive." match." Would Reform Parties tributable to the lack of experi- very much a part of the this moment of rededication Q. Were you worried at I don't want .anyone to have 1 Someone asked if he thought American system where Dressed for golf in a blue Asked how he could have ence in a national campaign. by rejecting partisanship and times, sir, that you might be any extra sympathy. As a mat- sports jacket and yellow the campaign had changed "But I would say that M strong personalities and repudiating extremism. hurting the ticket? ter of fact, what I would like stayed so cool, he replied: forceful ideas contest for the slacks, the tall lanky Maine Edmund Muskie.' "Well, I've always fount Nixon's attitude—his trust and Now we begin to forge a A. Naturally, when you re- to have you do is just re Senator paused on the steps Hopes He Is Improved confidence in me, his refusal to voter's mandate. The goal is vibrant, vital new America ceive criticism I think any double your efforts to do what that whatever turn life takes not to destroy, but to create that stands for law, order sensitive person always is of his "motel and spoke with "Well, I hope its improved it's always worked out pretty lecome upset about these mat- you thought you were doing, philosophical detachment of ;ers — was a great personal a better America. In saying and justice; hope and oppor- concerned about the fact that . and what I thought I was doing, him," he laughed. "It's a little well. You know, if a curve is this, I realize the sincerity of tunity; for prosperity and when he's engaged in a tan- the campaign, of his' own going to the right there's no source of strength to me during and maybe we can make a future and of the need to hard to focus on that. In the the campaign." Vice President Humphrey, peace; an America of limit- dem effort and he's the sec- hectic day-to-day activities of point trying to go to the left : Senator Muskie and their ondary wheel on the vehicle, greater contribution to the "democratize" the structure of Mr. Agnew's comment came less horizons created by things that are important both major parties. a political campaign you don't Because there's no road there many supporters. honest commitment and that something may occur,. i really get long-range perspec- you see. You take the turns a statement to some 50 I think the Vice President, that he's responsible for that '•- j this country. He remarked that Mr. Nixon newsmen and campaign sup- goodwill. "I really don't feel very appeared to have received the tives on anything, let alone as they come." the way he handled himself I want to just say a few may hurt the ticket. Yes, you anything as subjective as your- He said it was essential to porters who remained in the and in his recent remarks on words about my running do get concerned about this, i badly. I actually feel we've done smallest percentage . of the )allroom of the Statler Hilton a heck of a job." popular vote accorded a vic- self. Obviously, my political "democratize" the two parties television, proves that our mate, the President-elect of And that's exactly what I I role has changed, or at least "in order to bring into the rm here 'for the Governor's system of government is a the United States. meant when I pointed out,, i He told them that he was torious Presidential candidate .ong:delayed victory statement. not sure what he was going since " Woodrow Wilson pre- my political base has changed, political process those who fee great one that produces Rreat It has been my privilege to that during the times of i 'nit how it will develop from they are outside it now; not He appeared fresh and un- men that rise to .the most dif- know many people who have criticism — and I most cer? - | to do for the next few days, vailed over the divided Re- rumpled, although he had but that he hadn't mowed the publicans in 1912. here is hard to say. As you only the young but the dis- ficult occasions. evoked my admiration and tainly am not going to say .; know, I'm not a pushy sort advantaged and those who fee watched the inconclusive elec- I have long admired and respect in my lifetime. Dur- that every bit of the criticism , ! lawn at his home on Finds Party Responsibility that machines operate the .ion returns until 5:30 A.M. "Lake Waverly, 40 miles west of fellow." respected Senator Muskie be- ing the time that this cam- was unjustified, because I ' ' "Mr. Nixon's going to have He was asked if he would party structure too much ant and appeared here after only fore the campaign. I think paign got rather heated, dur- realize that it wasn't.. Some,,,,. of Minneapolis, in months. oo exclusively." :our hours of sleep. ; "As a' matter of fact," Mr. iiis work cut out for him," become the Senate majority the measure of a man is best ing the time that a lesser man of it was attributable to the , Senator Muskie said, with PA leader. An aide whispered in the Mr. Agnew appeared within a reflected in the fact that I may have inclined to inter- lack of experience in a i\s.-. ;, Humphrey said, "I feel a great Senator's ear. Senator Muskie :ew minutes of a televised vic- tional campaign. '' sense of both release and re- trace of sour grapes in his "Oh, Mike Mansfield is my received a congratulatory tel- ject into my particular ef- voice. majority leader," Mr. Muskie then cqnfided to the crowd tory statement by Mr. Nixon. egram from him this morn- forts in this all-out attempt But I would say that lief, and I hope and pray that "And I think we have a re- replied. "I see no reason to "Governor Agnew wants me Mr. Agnew said that he ing and I attempted to to be elected, certain advice Nixon's attitude — his all of you will feel the same doubt that he will continue as on the phone. Tve got to run,', talked this morning with Mr. telephone him. He demon- that may have been upsetting and confidence in me, his way. I want you to be of good sponsibility as a majority party : to help make our Government majority leader in the next "Which way?" someone Nixon but that the two men strated his great resiliency to me under intense circum- refusal to become cheer. ' - ' viable in. tlie next .four years. Congress. I just think he's a shouted. nade no firm plans to get by being on the golf course stances, Mr. Nixon showed a 'about these' ' matters — : - . "It isn't easy, but quite 1 a. great personal source ; 'ofjj He [Mr. Nixon] is going to jreat man." Everyone exited, laughing. xjgether . already. I admire him for restraint and confidence in, lf frankly, this was an uphill fight 'Mr.- 'Agnew-will remain .here that more than anything I me that few: people have ever, strength to .me during tfle,%; all the way. I was the first one rof several days to work on his can tell you. If it had" been exhibited. .. .. • .,•/- campaign. ..:,-. .. .^./i- •-I. I y-i "-.;-,. -ic- nrvwmnr HR 'said ; • "It isn't easy, but quite viable in the next :four years. (Congress. I just think he's aishoutea. made no . firm plans to get by being on the golf course stances, Mr. Nixon .showed a about these matters — was i | He" [Mr. Nixon] is going tolgreat man." ] Everyone exited, laughing. together. .' already. I admire him for. .restraint and cqhfidence.r in. a great personal source o/i j frankly, this was an uphill fight <: ! •"' Mr. 'Agne'w will remairi.-.'here that mote than anything" I .'me that iew people Jiayp'fevef',; strength to me during the M jail the way. I was the first one : ,to know it. I never had any for several days to work on his can tell you. If it had ;been exhibited. '....' 7.;" '.' .' campaign 1-1 'yf jdoubht but that it would be a Ring 116 cities in 36 states— affairs as Governor. He said -close fight. Comme ?i. comme there was a strong sense that \Maryland Begins Final Count he might take his family to St ga, you know, it bounced a Mr. Humphrey had won a Croix in the Virgin Islands Texas Returns 23 to Congress; i. •little' one way, it bounced a moral if not an actual victory To Decide 10 Electoral Votes where he has invested in a mm ELLER LEAD •little another. We have got a condominium apartment. Mr •'Almost by himself, with little Nixon has left for a vacation Democrat Wins Governorship,. •President-elect. He's going to help from the party organiza 'have my help. Cheers." BALTIMORE, Nov. 6 (AP)— picked up a House seat to even in Key Biscayne, Fla. m IN ARKANSAS A little later, Norman Sher tion, only sporadic contribu Maryland election boards began the party distribution in the The two men have not dis- tions. by an erratic staff and cussed Mr. Agnew's role in By MARTHMWALDRON. "" . , man, Mr. Hunphrey's press sec counting today .about '36,000 lower House at 4-4. Governor Barely Defeats retary, said the Vice Presiden indifferent support from many ballots for absentees and short the Nixon Administration since special to The New York Times ' old friends, the Vice President Charles McC. Mathias, who shortly after .the Republican would return to Waverly for term residents. The results wil had served four terms in the His Democratic Challenger HOUSTON, Nov. 6-Texas' Mr. Smith, 56 years old, wUJ two or three days, then fly to pulled his campaign together determine whether Vice Presi- National Convention, Mr. and made it very nearly work House, defeated Daniel P. Brew Agnew said. 23 incumbent Representatives, succeed Gov. John B. Connally' Washington and probably on to dent Humphrey- or Richard M ster, the incumbent Democrat 2"5~ Democrats and three Re- Smith received more than 1.6. .- a resort in the Virgin Islands In an age of computers and By ROY REED sophisticated logistics and com- Nixon receives the state's 10 in the Senate contest. May Call City Parley publicans, were easily re- million .votes and Mr. Eggers for a vacation. electoral votes. Unofficial but complete re SpcclAl to The Kew York TJmea more than 1.2 million. ' -' : And after tiiat? Dr. Edgar plex organization structures, .He said that he expected to elected yesterday while Vice Mr. Humphrey relied on $iis In complete but unofficial turns were as follows: concentrate on the Federal LITTLE ROCK, Ark., Nov President Humphrey was carry- Jr., who decided last fall not tb. • Berman, Mr. Humphrey's per returns from yesterday's elec- Mathias 535,000 6— Winthrop Rockefeller, Ark seek a fourth two-year term." ; sonal physician, who has trav own instincts, his own fervor tion", Mr. Humphrey ran aheac relations with city and state ing the state and a stanch and evangelism and his own Brewster 435,000 governments, a subject he and ansas first Republican govern- Democratic conservative was Mr. Connally will practice law eled almost 100,000 miles with by fewer than 18,000 votes. Mahtney 147,000 Mr. Nixon discussed after the winning the governorship. in Houston after his term [him this year and knows the vigor. He liked to compare him- For the first time, Marylanc nor in this century, barely bea : self to Harry S. Truman in 1948 convention. off a Democratic challenge to Eleven of the Congressmen expires. '"- --~ mind of the man as well as permitted persons living in the DELAWARE Mr. Aenew hinted that he Mr. Smith and his Republican anyone, was suggesting two — and the comparison was state at least 45 days to vote win a second term yesterday were re-elected without oppo- : possible courses for after more apt than many pundits For President only by going to DOVER, Del., Nov. 6 (UPI)— might call an early conference sition and - the others won opponent, Paul Eggers, ' a thought. Russell W. Peterson, a $75,000 of municipal officials in Wash- He defeated Marion H handily even though in several Wichita Falls tax lawyer, both, ban. 20. • their election boards. These and Crank, an "old guard" leader Dr. Berman said he thought If there was a turning point, absentee ballots are the extra a year executive and a moder ington. instances their districts were ran ahead of the Presidential it may have come when the ate on the law and order issue His prepared text was a call of the predominantly Demo lost by their parties' Presiden- candidates of their parties. "Mr. Mr. Humphrey was unlikely to votes to be counted in the offi- eratic legislature by a thin run again for the Senate, where Vice President made his speech cial canvass. was swept into the Delaware for unity after the "abrasive tial candidate. The 23 Congressmen ' re- in Salt Lake City, putting him- Governor yesterday in a Re- and divisive" campaign. margin. elected were James M. Collins, he served for 16 years, because Mr. Nixon would need about 1 Mr. Humphrej' won the "he's already gone that route." self ever so slightly apart from 28,000 of them to put Maryland publican landslide, which pu "Now the time of competition Senator J. W. Fullbright, state's 25 electoral votes over George Bush and Bob Price, • Instead, the physician added, the Johnson Administration on n his column. The complete, Republicans in absolute control has passed and the time for chairman of the Senate Foreign Richard M. Nixon, with the Republicans, .arid Wright Pat Vietnam. of the legislature. cooperation begins," he said. "I Relations Committee and a man, John Dowdy, Ray Roberts, Mr. Humphrey might choose to unofficial returns—th e turnout third-party candidate, 'George Earle Cambell, Olin E. .Teague, return to university teaching or From that point on, as the was 75 per cent — were as The loser, Charles L. Terry, welcome this moment when we leading critic of the Vietnam C. Wallace, running third in ; to run for Governor of Min- jhrase of the moment had it, 'ollows: the Democrat incumbent, begin the' very real task of rer war, won a fifth term. Bob Eckhardt, Jack Brooks,- J.-J. He received 60 per cent the Presidential race. Pickle,- "W. R. Poage, Jim. , nesota two years from now. te seemed to become "his own Humphrey 519,797 waged virtually a one-issue uniting America with fresh The victory by Lieut. Gov. man." The brutal heckling to Nixon 502,059 campaign of law and order anc vision under new leadership." of the vote to defeat Charles Wright, Graham Piircell,T John The Vice President has never Bernard, a wealthy farmer and Preston Smith of Lubbock in the Young, Eligio de la Garza, held state office; he went di- which he had been subjected Wallace 177,514 drew criticism of moderates Mr. Agnew was a controver- Governor's race was not unex- , rectly from the mayoralty of aegan to disappear and so did The President-elect carried 20 'or keeping -national guard sial selection from the time Mr. businessman who tried unsuc- Richard C. White, Omar fi'urle- lis snappishness. cessfully to forge a coalition ol pected. Despite one of the most son, -George H. Mahon, H&nry , Minneapolis to the Senate. • of Maryland's 23 contests, but iatrols in Negro sections ol Mixon chose him for secbnd conservative records among Of one thing most of the pee- Or it may have come when :he scales were tipped toward Wilmington since rioting last jlace on the ticket. Later the conservative anti -Communists B. Gonzalez, O. C. Fisher,' Bob- 1 Texas Democrats, Mr.. Smith pie .close to Mr. Humphrey VIr. Nixon made a radio speech Mr. Humphrey by Baltimore April. Democrats began to capitalize and Negroes. Casey and Abraham Kazen "Jrr, on the arms race in the last ;ot the endorsement of Texas Democrats. . seemed sure: There was very 3ty, where Democrats outnum- cm Mr. Agnew's statements and Humphrey Runs Strong abor and the state's liberal Neither Senate seat was -at s little chance that " he wpuld :wo weeks of the campaign. >er Republicans 5 to 1 and one- Decision Is Reversed charged that he lacked experi- Wr. Humphrey pounced on the bird of the registered voters WILMINGTON, Del., Nov. 6 George C. Wallace, the element. stake. ' :' • ".'""! r again seek the Presidency* in ence and political sophistica- American Jn4ependent party 1972, when he will be 61 years ssue the next day, and it fit are Negroes. Mr. Humphrey tion. nicely with the Question' he versed, their decision today and Presidential candidate, took the ' old. was ahead there 175,989 .to Mr. Agnew's standing was state's six electorial votes with trict of mountainous western Among the candidate's, en- asked a hundred Hmes in the 80,538. said Senator .Eugene D. Book- arnished by the failure of the Arkansas. Republicans always DISSIDENT PRIESTS I closing hour of the campaign: Maryland Republicans took a lammer, a Republican from 4ixon-Agnew ticket to carry 40 per cent of the popular vote. tourage — the friends, aides and Vice President Humphrey lave been strong there.- SEEK CHURCH REVIEW reporters who criss-crossed the Whom can you trust as Presi- Senate seat away from the .ewes, had been elected Lieu- :he state of Maryland. ran a surprsingly strong seconc The Democrats kept the only country with him this year, vis- dent? Democrats this year and also enant Governor. The final unofficial tally here, because of a record turn other contested Congressional WASHINGTON, Nov. 6 .'(AP) ! showed the Democratic ticket out of Negro voters and to a seat, the First District position winning by fewer than 18,000 quiet Democratic current among left vacant, by the retirement votes. However, Mr. Agnew he state's more prosperous of Representative E. C. Gain- priests, at odds with Patrick Transcript of the Humphrey Concession Statement said that some 30,000 absentee :armers, who like the present ings, a Democrat. Cardinal O'Boyle on the birth- i aallots had not yet been count- Bill Alexander, a 34-year-old ed, and it is known that the agricultural policies of the Fed- control issue, renewed '^today Now let me sa eral Government. ^ lawyer and Democrat, easily Following is the transcript y J«st an- causes forward, I feel re- just what we,re ino to do Republicans made a determined a request that the dispute'be i absentee ballot drive. With 2,525 of 2,688 precincts defeated the Republican candi- reviewed by a committee - of j of Vice President Humphrey; other word warded, rhave done my best. in the next few days° We're reporting, the tally was: date, Guy Newcomb, 40, Under the Maryland Consti- st^rnent yesterday,, „ Mil, Senate M^.e and I wish ^have lost^Mr^N^n h^s ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ FOR SENATOR a farmer and pharmacist. church leaders. , „. j tution, Mr. Agnew could wait The Association of Washing- i ncapolis, as recorded by The 1° ™nk the Pe°Ple who SUP; worked its will, so now Minnesota. I haven't mowed Fulbright .304,748 Liberals and reformers were has until his inauguration on Jan. Bernard 200,376 able to take some heart from ton Priests issued the new- call j New York Tin,es: Ported our aojmn. ion _ and ,„,., jth the urgent ^ ,awn ^ ^ ^ ^ 20 to resign his state post. electl n lve beefl m tou With 2,541 of 2,688 precincts :he Arkansas election. Mr. after Cardinal O'Boyle named { I thank you very much. ° - o ™ task of uniting our country, y tm f .. Because Maryland has no reported, the tally was: Rockefeller, in spite of limited Nice to know I am sure ™«i ^ Senator already this Thank you. . ""'e'e su" are.a r^w tnings jeutenant Governor, the two a representative to meet vfitti j to ao out FOR 'GOVERNOR success during his first . two dissident priests, in an effort to 5 you know that I have already morning and talked witli both Now.gohavesomefun.lt at our place, houses of the Legislature will Rockefeller 270,516 As a matter elect his successor.' Marvin years, is still supported byt an restore unity in the archdioce's.e. called Mr. Nixon to express the Senator and his family. -has been a lot of hard work. of fact, I feel Crank 259,890 •• rverwhelming majority . of While professing hope that to him our congratulations, I wish especially to thank I don't want anybody to| have a ireat sense of both release Wfandell of Baltimore, Speaker Mr. Rockefeller had limited of the House, is expected to "Jegroes and by most reform the discussions would re'sdlye and I have sent the following my family, some of whom any extra sympathy. As a and relief, and I hope and success toward strengthening elements who approve his win the position. the two-party system in this the differences, the association telegram just a few moments are here with me and matter of fact, what I'd like pray that all of you will feel efforts to overhaul the prison said in a statement: . . u . a g Mr NlXOn readS a5 once firmly Democratic state. system, the liquor laws and the f o lCs ' " campaign staff and particu- V> Hf™ you do is just re- the same , want to "It is the consensus of our democrats Win All 15 Seats Republican Congressman state government. group that it would be impos- ^rding to unofficial re- ™* "• «"«* M r, Hum- ^M^™ * «V *<*£ ™ ^e In Virgin Isles Legislature The Lieutenant. Governor, sible for any one man, how- turns, you are the winner in Phrey, who was the secret ^ing and wha| j &,ought r £„„ "* It-f not 'as v but Maurice Britt, also a Republi- Greek Town Honors Agnew ever talented, to bring .this this election. My congratula- weapon in this campaign, and wag doing and maybe we can quite frankly this was an CHARLOTTE AMALIE, St. can, elected with Mr. Rocke- GARGALIANOS, Greece, Nov. matter to a satisfactory -con- : tions. Please know that you as I said to some of you last make an even greater contri- USohilUl fieht Si ttie wav Thomas, V.I., Nov. 6 (UPI)— eller two years ago, was de-6 (UPI) —Thi s b'ttle Greek town clusion.' i .,.,. will have my support in uni- night, to thank each and button to the things that are P™ "8™ all the way. ! was the tlrst one to know )emocrats, as expected, swept 'eated by a Democratic legis- where Vice President-elect Spiro The Rev. John E, Corrigan, tying and leading the nation, every one of you. importan1 tm in th <= rauntrv ' ali 15 , legislative seats in chairman of the association, This has been a difficult year I intend to continue my '"P*™ °", ^country. it, and I. think the last one ator. Bill Wells. Mr. Wells ap- T. Agnew's father 'was born y v ry yesterday's general election. parently was helped by letting will hold a feast tomorrow released the statement after^he for the American people. I dedication to public service . *,, , ,, « , ? on the line of my staff Tec- and two other members of the am .confident that if cpn- and to the building of a re- ba,y' ,' actual'y "Lel that ognized it. I .never had.-ariy The territory's 16,000 voters t be known that he was a night to celebrate the Nixon- weve e a heck of a ob Iso returned a Derhocratic Wallace supporter, in spite of Agnew victory. "The city of group's executive committee f structive leaders of both our sporisive and vital -.Demo- , want u J - doubt but what it would be net today with the Most.Jlev. ! parties join together now, we eratic party. * don't y° 'P think a close fight, comme ci, corn- ommissioner, Ronald Delugo, jeing required by party rules Jargalianos feels proud because shall be able to go on with I . shall continue my per- we'" continue to campaign, me fa, you know, one way :o represent the islands in to vote DemoTatic. fre election of her son honors Joseph L. Bernardin, general .: n nt Washington. Representative John Paul both the town and Greece," secretary of the National. Con- ; the business of building the sonaf commitriient to the § away, but I — I just — it.bounced a, little one/way However, the Governor is M."mr°.rsc'im'dt, the state's Mayor Nicholas Kostopoulos ference of Catholic Bishops:"? better America we ali seek cause of human rights, of thought you ought to know • — it bounced a little anqther. ppointed by Washington and mly Republican Congressman, said. Mr. Agnew's father, Theo- Bishop Bemardin, at.iJJje in a spirit of peace and har- peace and to the betterment you maybe ought to have a /"We've got a Presiderit- Republican is expected to sasily won a second term in fratos Anagnostopoulos. mi- request of Cardinal O'Boyle; is ,mony. Signed, Hubert H. of man. If I have helped in little rest. We intend to take elect. He's g6ing to have my ' ucceed Gov. Ralph M. Paie- grsted to the United States opening discussions with ih'e "Humphrey.' this campaign to move these some. We're not quite sure help. Cheers. ivonsky, a 'Democrat. 1 a Democrat, in the Third Dis-, from here. j priests concerning the dispute. By R. W. APPLE Jr. Special to Tlie New Yprk Dimes MINNEAPOLIS, Nov. 6—It was probably Hubert Horatio Humphrey's last hurrah in Pres- idential^politics . He had tried once before, in 1960, and had been crushed by the superb organization of ^ John F. Kennedy in the West Transcript o/ the Humphrey statement is on Page 22.
Virginia primary. Now he had lost again, this time to the man whom. John Kennedy had de- feated, 'in an agonizingly close finish. . • The Vice President—a hearty, sentimental man, given. to laughter and to tears—tried to smile as he stood on the stage in the Leaniingtoh Hotel's ballroom this morning and lis-, tened to his faithful followers shout, "We Want Humphrey!" But what he brought forth was more a grimace than a griri. "Thank you very much," he said in a quavering voice. 'It's nice to know." Mr. Humphrey went through YORK TIMES, Safr-rA yi in a Messap^^r^r^i ope for Bett&r*Relatiohs
By HENRY KAMM Special, to Taie. MOSCOW, Nov 9—Presi- Nixon's Republican Administra- dent Nikolai V Podgorny con- tion would find itself "en- gratulated Richard M Nixon tangled in •', deadlock and set- today on his election as Presi- dent of the United States and backs" while "ordinary Ameri- expressed the hope that peace cans step up their struggle to would be strengthened by an demand -an end to the Viet- improvement in Soviet-Ameri- nam war.": can relations. "We wish you fruitful work No Differences, Peking Says in this high post," Mr Pod- .Special to The NOT York Times gorny said in a message. "We HONG KON.G, Nov 8—Com should like to hope that the munist China's official press period to come will see a agency, Hsmnua, commenting further development in rela- on the United -States elections, tions between the USSR and described the Democratic and $h''fcp''tns.A.:'.iri-i.the interests of Republican parties as "jackals jthe Soviet-and' American ^peo- of the same lair," ples and in the interests of "No matter who is sent into strengthening world peace." the White House by the US. Observers noted that the monopoly capitalist groups," it wording was almost identical said in a dispatch ^distributed to that of a message sent to here, "there is nffJkay? for U S, President Johnson on his re- imperialism to saw election four years ago. But the prevailing crisi V\ they pointed out that the 1964 the fatC^of utter ' telegram indicated greater So- viet cordiality by going beyond .the ..-.minimum,. requirement,,.;.qf [protocol • with ..the' ' signatures- rnot;.only of the/ President; ith'eixi Anastas, I. Mikpy.an, but also that' .of Premier' Aleksei N. kosygin: "••••'••vf -,">•••» •; .:'.•",•;"••; •• 1 .In the 'view of -diplomatic : observers, . an. :eyid,ej]itv,.lack -.of enthusiasm;' f£r$Kj . mmgled-with-atfawareriess'iKat he ..'is the., .man, '.with,;:- w,hom Moscow ;'\vill':haVfr::'to deal "for :at least four "years. •..:/ The overriding- 1 ^Soviet in- terest, according to the ^ob- servers, remains th;e,.: achieve- ment 'of a brpad(:: agreement with the United '.States, duce, the danger/oi- Pyongyang: Assails Nixon tOKJp;:: Npy;. 8' (AP)—North —-- J-----I-'-a Presidentelect .. ,. ."notorious ' war .•.maniac" ' 'who will- "go one/step farther than ..the':.- Jo'iinson-lHumphrey^ :'cli'que tin: puijsuihg : ^iciqus;;and\ sKamer. ' '•'•*'. > '•• •--, • Rpdong Shirimuri, the official newspaper of .the : iCpmmuriist party, attributed Vice 'President Humphrey -s defeat to "the; total bankruptcy ..of ! the ;ih'pme and foreign policies pf United States :impe^alisIh^:and•the".:.further:ag- igravationt: of.. its internal, and, ;externalr crisis'.'' under the; rule : of ^th.a.'pempctatic party." -': • ' ' • •' '• ' Cdriiment by riahor (AP) •r-The -Hanoi-radia ', declared to- day .that the inarTOw victory. of Richard'' M.' '-Nixon', oye.r1' Vice President Himrjltfey ' in. :the United States , Presidential .elec- tion "shows the weariness and indecisipn of%the majority of ," who ^a iqpol ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TO: The Secretary-General A: FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMATION
I forward you herewith a note prepared "by the Disarmament Affairs Division entitled The Views of President-Elect Nixon on Defense Strategy. Arms Control and Disarmament.
Date: FROM: DE: 12.11.68 CR. 13 (11-64) L. Kutakov GOFfZOSKTIAL PSGA/HAI/6? IS Kovember 1968
Kote on TheVietts of Sfrasident-Eleet Nixon on Strategy, Arms Control and Biaaz-aa&aieat
The election of Biehard M. Mxon as President of the United States raises the question of his attitude and approach to the important question of arms con- trol and disarmament. His position was set forth in two rather comprehensive statements; ©a© oa October 2k, on the subject of national security and defense, and the otasr on October 26 directly on the subject of pursuing peace through ©ms control. While most of the points covered in ths first address had already been stressed by Mr. Uixon in previous speeches, the arsis -control address contained a f@w interesting new approaches and contrasted in its conciliatory toae yith most previous statements of Mr. Hixoa on the subject. In fact, the tone, if not the contest, of the two addresses was so different as to give the impression, duly noted by the press, that Mr. Nixon had sought ia his second statement to correct Vice-President Humphrey's efforts to portray him as an "irresponsible" advocate of the arms race on the baa&s of his first statement. Statement oa the Ifetional Security Gap Xa his first statement, Mr Nixon argued that the United St&tss must have "clear-cut military superiority", which he claimed it n® longer enjoyed because the Democratic Administration had created "a gravely serious security gap" by adopting what he celled "the pec alias-, wpr@c@dented doctrine called parity". To prove his point, Mr Hixon cited apparently inaccurate figures for present U. S. arms. If elected, he said, he would restore ths military superi- ority of the Eisenhower years and thus be better able to "negotiate effectively with the Soviet Union and other nations on such issues as limitation of arma- K ments". "We will need to bargain"., he concludeds aot from ^ealmess but vita the persuasiveness of respectable and evident IMs clearly indicated a policy of joassive build-up of U. S. military power, p&i-ticularljr nuclear power, regardless of the consequences; and at - 2 - PSCA/BAB/67 least one commentator* noted that Nixon bad failed to consider the possi- bility of the Soviet Union's responding to such a build-up by Batching efforts, thus touching off a spiralling arms race, or to indicate his position towards the serious argument of many &WBS theorists that nuclear superiority is an illusory concept. Moreover, Mr. Nixon rejected tbe view that the Soviet Union had abandoned its expansionist aim, and stressed (1) that "top military professionals" should have easier access to the President; (2) that the "whis kid approach" (an obvious reference to former Defense Secretary McNamara^s civilian control of the Pentagon) should be "rooted out" from the Defense Department; O) that military research and development should be "revitalised" to its "pre-eminent" role in defense planning; end (fe) that the National Security Council should cease being a "catch-as- catch-can talk-fest" to prevent its going astray on such mistaken ideas as "priority". Although he did not say so directly, Mr. Klxon clearly implied that he would favour spending more on costly ballistic missiles with multiple warheads, alleging that the Russians were "perfecting" such devices and that they were Mfar more powerful then our am*. It is interesting to cote that, neither in this speech nor at any time during the campaign, did he make reference to any intention or plan to support the establishment of an anti-ballistic missile system. ReactJen to Defense-Cap Charges In any case, the immediate and vehement reaction to Mr. Nixon"s charges, both by Vice-President Humphrey and by the IL S. Secretary of Defense25'/, was & measure of the considerable alarm ^hicfe his militant tens aroused in official circles. Una Vice-President and Secretary Clifford not only refuted S$r. Mxonca figures on the alleged "gap", but the former described Mr, Nixon as a tsaa
I/ Washington Bast, October £5, in an article by Bernard D. Hossiter, cited in DAB Monthly Survey No. 10. if jfey York Times front page articles, October 26,
•A - 3 - SSCA/UAD/67
had never understood the bi-partiean American effort to control the arms race end to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons to other nations without jeopard- izing our security in the least". He also criticised Mr. Bixon's description in 1956 of the first proposals for a nuclear test "ban treaty as "a cruel hoax" and "catastrophic nonsense"; and he blamed Mr. Nixoi£9s inaction for the Q. 8. Senate's current refusal to ratify the Non-Proliferation Treaty. "KcV, Mr. Humphrey charged, "Mr, Nixon has threatened to bring down the vhole fragile architecture of peace that has been so carefully constructed by the adminis- trations of Presidents Elsenhower, Kennedy and Johnson", The Viee-Brasident also accused Mr« Sfixon of wanting to give military commanders greater influ- ence over American foreign policy and of trying to destroy patient efforts to reduce the influence of what President Eisenhower called the "military- industrial complex".
Analysis of Hlxoa"s Position on National Security and Defense Obviously, both Mr. Nixon9e statements and the strong reaction to them must be considered in tfas light of noraal election campaign exaggerations and hyperbole. It can probably be assumed that Mr. Uixcn, like John F. Kennedy and Mr. Goldwatsr, who made similar changes In previous election campaigns, is aware that American intelligence estimates that the United States still enjoys superiority In most nuclear weaponry, despite the recent rapid aarrowing of the Bombers gap by the Soviet Union. It my also presumably bo assumed that Mr. Kixca'B harsh attack on National Security Council procedures and his stress on the need for greater access of military men to the President were somewhat exaggerated for political effect. At the same time, these points, as well as the insistence on clear-cut military superiority as the only basis f&r successful negotiation, have been so consistently stressed by Mr Hixon throughout the past months that there can be little doubt he will give them his most careful end sympathetic atten- tion when he becomes President. H« aaa also mafie clear that he intends to maintain military expenditures sufficiently high to prevent any political cneoy froa "closing the gap". More specifically, it would appear frwa his recant statements that Mr. Hixon would lie favourably disposed to increasing expenditures for development of the MIEV offensive missiles. He has appar- ently been careful, however, not to commit himself to the construction of \ • costly KSM. defense systems; and, while he ^oujLd quite likely be more disposed to listen to the considerable auaiber of Congressional voices who advocate such systems, there also seems equally good reason bo Believe that he taigit reach conclusions oat the necessity of negotiation on the subject of both offensive and defensive missile systems not unlike thos^ reached by the previous Presi- dent* In fact, Mr. Mxon'a second address oa 'arms co&trol, so different in tone from the first, appears to be at least) a suggestion of such e possi- bility.
(continued on page 5) - 5 - PSCA/DAD/6?
Substance of Statement on Aims Control
Mr0 Nixon*s second major statement on national security is a careful balance between what he calls the "first essential" in keeping the peace, namely, "keeping America both resolute and strong", and the "other essential" of disarmament and arms-control negotiation or "moving away from confrontation in this nuclear ape into a new era —»_ the era of negotiation". In its structure, the speech alternates between these two poles«, Throughout the speech, there are at least half a dozen careful references to the need for superior military strength, even during the period of negotiations, such as the following: (1) "Our first priority must be to convince actual or potential troublemakers in €he world that aggression will not pay* Once they are convinced af that, they will be better disposed to work with us towards-international stability'." (2) "If we let 'them who threaten world peace outpace us, in time we will generate tensions which could lead to war." (3) "While negotiations proceed, we cannot allow our strength to undergo a radical downward change. The maintenance of U.S0 superiority in a world still ruled by force will remain a reoui- site for our security and for the under girding of peace„ It is the reason I must again emphasize the ne.cssjB4.t3r of maintaining our strength." In this connection Ms;.0 Nixon, alleges that U.«,S0 defense weakness during the Kennedy administration led to the 'Berlin and Cuba crises,, alnd that it was only "after the Soviets were convinced that their tactics of intimidation had become too risky" that a partial nuclear test ban treaty was successfully concludeda On balance, however,, the dominant idea of the statement is that negotia- tion on arms control is essential «-*• that "to achieve a stable world order w& must synchronize our national security program and the search for aims control and disarmament" while simultaneously seeking the settlement of the "deep=rooted political issues which divide us"0 Mr,, Nixon repeatedly stresses that military strength is not enough and asserts that he not only fa,vors the Non-Proliferation Treaty, but "fully expects to implement it in my new Administration" after a reassessment in January of "Soviet intentions in central and western Europe" „ He declares that wa new Administration will establish at the outset the prerequisites and incentives for realistic negotiations on aims control and other outstanding issues" and that "we will do this, not through dangerous confrontations, but through alert, quiet, preventive diplomacy". He noted in this connection
0/0 6 that he will "utilize the channels of diplomacy, our existing arms control machinery and, where appropriate, the United Nations"0 The highlight of the statement is: "I therefore pledge continuation of efforts to reach meaningful agreements with our adversaries. Vfe will build upon those initiated by President Eisenhower « particularly his dramatic "Open Skies8 proposal ~= and those also advanced by his successors "c Setting forth his "objectives and principles" in a more detailed way, he strongly emphasises the need of each side for full information on what the other is doing, on "the quality and quantity" of its "weapons inventory" and the need for inspection systems9 infomation exchange, and a. "general openness which will permit rapid co-operation in coping with new developments in military technology"9 which he declares is more important than "detailed inspection agreements for existing armaments which may quickly become obsolete „"
This becomes the foundation for a list of "initiatives"s includini : (l) Seeking an agreement for th® exchange of information with the Soviet Onion regarding the location of respective offensive and defensive forces, "in the spirit of President Eisenhower's "Open Skies' ps?o<= posalo" HA this connection Mr0 Nixon proposed establishing "under appropriate international auspices of a reconnaissance satellite agency to gather and to make available such information to both i parties . « • (Si)"- Working for arrangements to minimize, '.the risk of nuclear accident, miscalculation, unauthorized uss of nuclear weapons, (3) Establishing a program of weapons research and the evolution of a strategic doctrine "stressing the non-belligerent aspects of our national security posture' "5
(4) Using modern technolopy to improve communication between the U<,S0 and its adversaries, as well as between the U0S. and its NATO allies. (5) Maintaining a "continual distinction between nuclear forces and strategies on the one hand, and conventional weapons and strategies on the other", (6) Seeking agreements "to restrict the sale or transfer of conventional arms and delivery systems to countries in "tindetbox8 areas". (7) "Most important111,, pressing for long-needed changes in "the neglected machinery for consultation on arms control measures with our European allies",, In the latter connection, Mr0 Nixon specifically proposes "the foraation within NATO of an anas control body" which "would coordinate national ams control and security policies within the framework of alliance responsibilities", and develop joint arms control proposals which "might lead to a real reduction of our mili=> tary force levels in Europe, with comparable reduction of Soviet forces in Eastern Europe" 0
o / o - T - 2SCA/BAB/67
Finally, My. Hixon points out the advantages which could accrue to the United States, the Soviet Union and the vorld through "reductions in defense "burdens" end states that "the vast resources of the industrialized nations must be diverted fr$m the non-productive sad wasteful channels of war-making capabil- ities and harnessed to a full-scale attack on the age-old problems of hunger, disease and poverty." Assessment of Mr. BJxoa'aArms-Control Statement Despite the constant reiteration of the need for Negotiation from strength", this statement appears to commit Mr. Nixon to an active effort to "dampen the arms race11 through negotiations, if only because it is necessary "to provide both resources and time to cope with pressing domestic problems", such as "re- building our cities, maintaining full employment, and bringing opportunity and hope to the disadvantaged". She fact that Mr. Hixoa's victory was such & aarrow one will probably make it even more necessary than otherwise for him to cape with these problems, and the important sums necessary to cope with them effec- tively can, la the long run, only cone through a reduction of U. S, defense expenditures. Over and beyond this economic imperative, there would seam to be no reason to doubt Mr. Hixon's sincere desire to cut put needless expenditure for arms. Hie basic argument for moving away from confrontation and towards peaes througi arms control, •with particular stress on the waste, costliness and "danger to human survival™ of nuclear weapons and the need to "urgently concern ourselves with the control of weapons of mass destruction", seems clear. He speaks of a „ new era of negotiation and also/t/eQSSJ&fefeijSBSlSo <3lsastaaraent? measures proposed by Presi- dent Eisenhower's successors. It would, therefore, seem quite likely that, early in his term in office, he would be willing to enter into some tjpa of .serious arms negotiations. i At the same time, his atatemsate in support of arsis control ore carefully qualified with words of caution, such as *Va hop® that we ... can arrive at meaningful and trustworthy ways to limit arms", "a reduction ©f-arms is desir- able only if it produces a more stable military balance", and "the choice is between arms control agreements that are sensible and realistic and those tthich in the end might prove to be:illusory or deceptive." It also seems - 8 - PSCA/MD/6?
significant that, outside of broad general references to nuclear disarraameat, Mr. MXOB devotee a large part of bis statement to the exchange of infosanatica based on the collateral idea of "Open Skies". Except for a nssr reconnaissance satellite agency under "appropriate international auspices", and an anas con- trol tody withia SATO, lie suggests no new initiatives that would materially alter the present situation. It must be concluded, therefore, that at least initially, President Nixon would place the accent on partial or confidence-building collateral measures, particularly the need for mutual surveillance and information ex- change through a reconnaissance satellite agency along the lines of "Open Skies". B5 may also tend to give weight to the views of those who not only support a clear U. S. superiority of weapons but also resist any attempt to reduce present weapons numbers significantly. So doubt, economic and security imperatives would eventually lead the net? Resident to a considera- tion of significant disarmament measures, as fe® himself recognises indirectly in his. statement. On the basis of his past performance and his campaign stance, however, this would appear unlikely to happen until after very full considera- tion had been given to the idea of establishing clear U. S. weapons superiority * and a thorough reviev of the economic and security aspects involved.
In a press statement at the White House on 11 Bovember 1968, after & brief- ing by President Johnson and top Administration officials, Mr. Hixoa stressed that, with regard to certain matters, Vietnam, the Middle East and "relations between the United States and the Soviet Union with regard to certain outstand- ing Batters, .... the current Administration is setting forth policies that will be carried forward by the next Administration". . . "I gave assurance to the Secretary of State and of course to the President, that they could speak not just for this Administration but for the nation, and that meant for the next Administration as veil." While these statements undoubtedly apply mainly to Vietnam, the possibility of their also applying to the Initiation of preliminary talks on disarmament, including matters concerning the IP? and the opening of bilateral missile talks, is not excluded. NEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 12 November 1968
-mmm Johnsomn -.•••• •:•-.- '' amicable meeting between. President. Johnson r:&ml President-elect Nixon yesterday was made possible by/ their shared views on Vietnam and their mutual recognition that the country cannot drift rudderless through two. months, of interregnum. .. V The United States cari have only one President at a tirne, and only this nation's adversaries would benefit i if it were to speak with a divided voice during what is leJJt of the Johnson Administration. Mr; Nixon stressed' repeatedly duririg the campaign that Hanoi could not expect better terms from him in January than Presi- dent Johnson had already 'offered; His current declara- tion is designed to renew and underscore that com- mitment, with a view to speeding 'the negotiations in Paris. It can also be taken as a signal to the balky leaders in Saigon that the new President and the old are as one in their attitude on ending this wasting conflict.; . ?' ^. '. ''• ' 'L • x' . :f:'-'': •/. '..• '• ; ' ' .•' ' Mr. Johnson understaridably cdyets the laurels of a, ^peacemaker before leaving office. There could be no ihappier denouement to his^ stormy years in office. . Any envy of . that accomplishment which Mr. Nixon might feel would doubtless be more than offset by an enormous sense of -relief that he ; could start his own| - Administration [free of the. incubus of -Vietnam. : It is probably much too : sanguine to expect such a rapjd conclusion tic) the Paris talks, but the President-- elect is unquestionably right in 'believing that the best -chance depends on convincing the Communist nego- ^tiatp'rs —an d the Government of South ^Vietnam—tha t Johnson speaks for him as: welU as ;fbrs:ailt Americans jn his ^^ifglte*y THE flEWYORKflMES, TUESDAY,'NOV'JJi*
*nieNewYm:kT|[niel (by.GeorfltTamH) CONTINUITY: President Johnson with President-elect Richard TM.Nixon yesterday. Mr. Nixon said that Mr. Johnson would speak for his Administration during next two months. Remarks as Nixon and Johnson Meet
speola. to The New York TlmM tags, they were completely For that reason our discus- WASHINGTON, Nov. 11— candid and most helpful. sion was extremely candid Following is the official The point that I think and forthright with regard White House, transcript of should be made, that distin- to the policy decisions and remarks of President John- guishes' this transition ^period the negotiations and discus- son and President-elect Rich- from others Is this: The na- sions that will go on*.with ard M. Nixon following their tion at this tune in its for- regard to Vietnam and other eign, policy has-several mat- matters. meeting at the White House ters—Vietnam, of course; at I gave assurance in each today: •the top-'-of the; list—which instance- to the Secretary of THE PRESIDENT cannot await 'decision and State, and of course to the cannot afford a gap • of two President, . that they could President - elect and Mrs. .months in which no action speak, not just for this Ad- Nixon came to the White occurs. ministration but for the na- House at our invitation today If, however, action is to tion, and that meant for ths at 1:30. The Jour of us had occur* if progress is to be next Administration1 , as well. a very pleasant lunch to- made on matters like Viet- For that reason I think gether. nam, the '.current p'ossible these discussions were not crisis in the Mideast, the re- only, very helpful from my Shortly after 2 o'clock, lations between the United standpoint/ but I think you, President-elect Nixon was States and the Soviet Union Mr. President, would agree, joined in the Cabinet Room with regard to certain out- thaf.'tiiey -were helpful, too,, by the Secretary of State, the .standing :matters'—if prog^ from the standpoint of seeing SecretaSy : pf; Defense, the ress is to be made in any of to .it -that in these .next. 60 these fields, ,it;can--be-made days—this; very critical pe- -.p|'a|rm'|n.p'f,:the Joint Chiefs .only if the' parties on the riod-rrather than having the |o^g||fW&e;jSirector of the ; T other '.-side .-.realize' .that the lapse, of the. lame duck Presir !Vc"e ntra,iyfritelligence Agency, current: Administration is set- • dency,. in'-effect,. we-'mj 'and' 'was given a very ting_fprth,-;pplicies that will have -some 'verytlsignifi!c thorough briefing on the mat- be carried forward by the action' and -~~^--*^'- - • ters about which he was in- next "Administration/ peace. ....terested. .... : ,!y I ^realize — and President- electNixori realizes—that the American; people expect and .have a.right'to expect their -Government to efficiently '-function at a'llr.times.-'':. - :>•,-. Both he and^lHaire'gojjig.; .to do everything 'tha4'-we. possibly can to see tlfapthe.- wheels of .Government bper-: ate;at maximum' efficiency,., not" only from .now .until January.-the 20th, but for all time .to: come- Briefing by Rusk .. Secretary Rusk briefed the President-elect on.his trip to NATO—he will leave tomor- row on matters in Vietnam, and the situation .in Eastern Europe, on the Middle East,: and answered various ques- tions that the President-elect had to ask. , . Secretary Clifford and- the Chairman of the Joinfe.Chief s . :of Staff, reviewed. various -military matters with! Presi- dent-elect Nixon, Needless to say, it has. been- a very pleasant and co- •operative meeting, as we ex- pect all of these meetings in • the days ahead to be. . Mrs, Johnson and I want to •dq everything that we possi- ' bly 'can to help the new Pres- ident and1 his charming wife with the burdens which they •are assuming on behalf of all | of us:. •... PRESIDENT-ELECT : : NIXON Thank you very much Mr. President. On my behalf, and on be- half 'of Mrs. Nixon, we ex- press our appreciation to you .White House '.transcript of', 'maaei..uLai uisuu- remarks of President John-, . transition period the negotiations and discus- son and President-elect .Rich- from:. .others is this: The: na- sions that will go on with ard M. Nixon following their ..liphTat'this time in its tor- regard to Vietnam and other meeting at the White''House :eign;: policy, has several mat- matters. tersT^yietriam, of course; at I..:gave assurance in each, tociav: '".' .' .,-• ihe;stop:;:d{ : the:- list-^-which instance-to the' Secretary of : THE PRESIDENT : 'xanripti.await : decision .and State, and of course to the -:car;npt;;afford';a gag of. .two President, that. they, .could President-elect and-Mrs. . ^month's1' In ''which' no -action .speak, not',: just, ifp.i-: >this. Ad- Nixon came to. the White:.; ' ' ... ministration butvfor the, na- House at our invitation today If; however, action,' is to tion,1 and'that'meant for the at 1:30. The four of us had occuTj if progress is ••• to. be next Administration, as well. madevton ^matters; like.:jyiet: . V'.Fof' tiiat reason I think a very, pleasant lunch to- 1 f nam,- . :the: f'.currentvvppsaible these ^discussions were not »' e': jMideast;> She :-re- only .very helpful from my Shortly after 2 o'clock; r: ' standpoint, but' I 'think: youj President-elect Nixon was .States and the.:Soviet .Union Mri President,, would' agres : joined in the Cabinet Roomw : with, ^regard,. to Certain '-out- that- :they w.ere.-helpful,..too;V- ; '.standing 'matters' — if prog^ _from the standpoint of;seeing! by the Secretary of State, the ; Secretary of Defense, the ress.'is to b'e made in any-of to it that in these, next 60'-' ^ha^rmaji of the Joint Chiefs. .^these fields, it; can '.be., made daysr—this very critical pe-' ''only".-if the': parties ''On" the' riod—rather than having .the gof< Sjaftupthevlfiiectc-r of the- '•other '.'side ,'realize" :that the ' lapse of the lame-duck Presi- 'Central" intelligence Agency, current 'Admmistration is set-,: dency, in .effecl:,,,.w;e -might and was given a very ting ..forth, ipplicies that will have some vef-y;^.sigriifJ,-'~-"" 1 thorough brief ing on the mat- be carried; 'forward by. the action and "*^ ters about which he was in- . next-Administration. peace. ...terested. . V'i I realize — and President?- elect Nixon;realizes—that'the American, peqple expect and. ..have -a'right to expect: iheir government to efficiently ''•function at all'-'tirnesV;;•.,'•:;':.-.;..',. Both he and'-I^ar&Tgpitig.:, 1 ; .to do everything' ' ttiafe
vthe ,White House-'; Kixons since he was elected He- described the meeting as last Tuesday. "very pleasant and coopera- , Several- Nixon aides who will tive" and said he expected all apparently; have', 'high positions their, meetings to be so during in his Administration 'came the days ahead. along. They talked with mem- "Mrs. Johnson and I want bers of the:':White House; staff, to; dp everything that we pos- .sibllyp can ,tq .help, the, new basement -rand lopked'-over • the -P/esident . and' vliis,, charming \fter White House Talfe: H'e offices. •'-.-,. ;:i "':, '•:. '"' "'.'• ••Wife the -burdens which Bryce HarloWi-'a'Nixbn -ad- ithey. are assuming .on behalf Says Johnson Speakslor '..- viser, s'aid:'.;after touring..-^he bf .all of .us," he -said. . building :'".thatf':the- place 6had Thanks Johnsons ' Him Until Inauguration;" changed' .quite va bit, 'since, he •'Mii. Nixon, standing a .good was there during -.tie, Eiserir b'it;~shorter than the President Hower Admiriistrationi' '' •'• and! striking a somewhat stiff er1 BRIEFINGS BY CABINET He noted that a southwest posture, expressed appreciation sorner' office that the Nixon for .the Johnsons' hospitality, people had hoped to set .aside He -drew a small chuckle for Vice President-elect -Spiro from the press when he'isaid President-Elect Hopes fon T. Agaew had been apportioned his tour of the White House into three small offices- since had disclosed parts of the Progress; Toward Peace;- the Republicans left in -1961. building lie had never seen Friendly Greeting before, although he was in the From a United Stand ';"•• Eisenhower Administration for The Johnsons greeted tHe eight years. Nixons with informal friendli- He described the briefings ness. .They were-waiting out- as "completely'candid and most Transcript .of Johnson and. side in the cool autumn- air at helpful." 'Nixon; remarks, Page 34'.:." the south portico,.-facing-/the Mr.vand.Mrs. Nixon and his Washmgton Mbnumenyvwhen^aggifieiy ,frQm Miami -this ; By ROY HEEb the Nixons arriyeq. .' . : ;.'.' ;• morning-on - a Presidential^ jet THe visitors'c.ame-in;a. bl£i.ck provided-.--•-•. b. y •-Mr- . Johnson-• ; ; .-. TSp"edBl;toTlirN
f^s:,—- f S™"~r;£*?Sf A?f< been a source' of conWerablS discomfort for some of its pres- READY TO ACCEPT tigious occupants, notably Ad- lai E. Stevenson, in the Ken- nedy-Johnson years, and more recently Arthur J. Goldberg, who-left the Supreme Court bench at Mr. Johnson's behest. Ambassador to France" They fbund the Cabinet "sta- Inform Kennedy Family of tus to be merely a formality, although it conferred the privi- ' Offer by President-Elect lege of frequent and direct ac- 'cess to the President* Policies Formed by Others DEMOCRAT MEETS NIXON Yet they had to adhere closely to the policies formed' by others at the State Depart- Lodge Leading Candidate ment and were in fact no Among the Republicans as match for the influence of the Secretary of State and some of His Successor in Paris his assistants. But Mr. Shriver, 53 years old, . ByMAXFRANKEL; has been shopping for some i Spwiaa Jo The,New ZorJt',Tan»; time for a new and separate WASHINGTON, Dec. 9—* political identity and career. He Sargent Shrivel came here to- may find it through the pres- day to inform the Kennedy tigious and well-publicized job family of his intention to join in the world organization. the incoming Nixon Admin- An. energetic and photogenic istration as chief United States man of means, he came to be representative at the United as the best salesman in Nations. \ Washington even when some Mr. Shriver, currently Am- grumbled about his adminis- bassador to France, is a mem- trative talents. ' > ber of that family through Earlier this year, he had marriage, to Eunice Mary Ken- loped -to become the""Demo-• cratic candidate for Governor of President. de a-time attracting young and; energetic nedy, sister of John, Robert 1 and Edward. when both Paris and Wiashing- men of talent - • '- Illinois,. Vliere '-he\ onice - ;nfan:- ton: "virere moving away from Like the Kennedys, he is a! He was the only member of aged the Merchandise 'Mart for the "hostilities of recent years. product of a large, lively and the clan who managed to trans- Joseph P. Kennedy, the Presi- But Paris is one of the diplo- privileged family clan. His for- fer his loyalties completely to dent's father. matic plums that any new bears, named Schrieber, came President.. Johnson, /moving For a time, he was touted President usually reserves for to the United States from Ger- from director of the Peace also as a possible running mate his own party. many early in the 18th century. Corps to head the Office; of for Vice President Humphrey. Henry Cabot Lodge, now He was born in Westminster, Economic Opportunity, which More recently, he has investi- Ambassador to West Germeny, Md., a suburb of Baltimore, in led the antipoverty fight, until gated the opportunities of re- is thought to be a leading can- 1915, the son and namesake of his appointment to Paris early turning to his native Maryland, didate to succeed Mr. Shriver a conservative investment this year. with an eye on the governor- if he can combine the job with banker who converted to Ro- ship there. supervision of the American man Catholicism at marriage to A;.Man Who Can Adjust New York City is not re- negotiating team at the Paris a second cousin, also a Shriver. In a long conversation.with garded by Mr. Shriver's asso- peace talks with North Viet- Sargent Shriver was gradu- Mr, Nixon in.-New York yester- ciates as an ideal base for a nam. ated from Yale with, the Class day>--'Mr. Shriver' apparently future political career, despite Mr. Lodge held the United of 1938 and went on to Yale Robert F. Kennedy's success in Nations job in the Eisenhower Law School, where despite his came, through .as a.' man who winning a Senate seat there Administration, ran for Vice summer travels in Europe he could adjust to service among while a virtual stranger to the President with Mr. Nixon in became a founder of the cam- Republieans,:too. state. 1960 and served in two sepa- pus chapter of the isolationist Friends say that he wjll ac- But the Maryland oppor- rate tours as Ambassador to America First Club. tunities seemed dim, and the Saigon. By 1940, however,, he had cept the United Nations as- United Nations world can bring enlisted in the Naval Reserve signment — which has some- both fascination and generous Enormous Energy and was summoned to duty times carried a kind of hon- press and television attention. Those who observed Mr. just before Pearl Harbor. After orary Cabinet status — unless: Mr. Shriver was reported to Shriver here at the Peace Corps the war he tried writing for a h'e gets some powerful, last- have done extremely well in and the antipoverty office came while until he met the senior just a few months in re-estab- to admire his friendly, though Kennedy, whose job offers led minute argument against it, in lishing closer diplomatic rela- not self-revealing manner, his to Chicago and in.' 1953,;;.tq the his consultations here. tions with the Government of enormous energy and gift for marriage to Eunice NEW YORK TIMES, Wednesday, 11 December 1968 jr •• • •.- • . r William Piercef:R6get$ •
By HEDRICK -SM3ITR SpBdaI>to;;Tiie-.Neff-.YOrl£ Tljn« rUASHWGTON, Dec 10— " President-elect Nixon has t"rned to a close personal Li2"d nnd trusted, Long-time political counselor for his Seeietary of State rather than to a professional diplomat or to an experienced foreign af- fairs expert The1 choice of,;. William Fierce Rogers is- in . keeping with, Mr. Man Nixon's campaign declarations that in the on • foreign affairs News he intends "to. pall the turn."'''But in-.'i siders emphasize this does.V; not mean that Mr/ Rogers' ):. v/ill not have important im- pact on Mr. Nixon's thinking ari' id-foreigd foreign 'policy.policy.' - . ,^ wjIliamjK-Rbgers" receiving his'-'commission of-office-from pne.!.suggested./that m, the,,; ,presi(jen£-;Ejsenhower after'-being sworn; in--as .'Attorney lontns; to i: come,! their rela-j: Generarfon^rsl bnvNov;.8hnvW i-Am4rican;vG'overnment,'" Mr. nedy, who, as /Attorney Gen- ,- i Butacquaintancesiacknowl- v eral, was the President's edge that his' diplomatic, ex- .'• Rogers -.'did .not play an 'im- post intimate counselor on. a perience is .limited : and that ' .pbrtanti'-Tble. in.' the- : Nixon iv::!e range of foreign and Presidential . campaign , - this domestic issues. .Mr. Nixoh'Si'.decision to make, year.'-'-'' •' - • • ' •;-.,- •' •him Secr'e'tary"'cCState came- 1 - . AtSehate friend noted, that/ "Bill is one of the smartest ls something. of«a surprise.; guys/you could get for any, -.he!wpu:ld-b'e;making;a.:major-i .Others*. suggested 'that :ex- .financial'-sacrifice by :return- • job, "'said one long-time Re- ' tensive' experience in foreign- 1 publican friend' who worked ' ing.'to government.: '-'He prob- ; under .Mr. Rogers when1 he affairs -was not .vital.,, ;'„ .ably,'paid .'more.in.income.:tax< WHS. 'Attorney General in the "Look at the way the British , -• as-'Bi lawyer;" .the 'friend.' said, -, Eisenhower Administration. and the French 'Shift, their ,- '"thatf he'll make' as Secretary'- ministers around," one Re-^: "qf'State.'.'y , ';,:•• .-•'.. ' / "Nixon lias always had great ••, .publican-. foreign! -policy .spe-:.' confidnhc? 'in Bill's • judg-- • cialist^remarked: "They just"; ,'j. 'Xlde'tD'Thornas E, Dewey . rnent." • . • take ah able man and put him -' ..MrV: Ros'ers.'Jborn in^the 'Counselor Di:r;ng Crisis-. where,;they" need him; and smalK'Upstate' - New York:. They, have been .friends - nobody ^raises an eyebrow, town:''0f: Nprfolk on.Junes23, and contemporaries-for more,:. about that. So' maybe the. ' 1913;--' graduate. .. d from.Colgate than 20 years. Mr. Rogers'is '"lack of'.-experience is not1 a ;Umyersity m 1934. 55 yaari- old,, six months handicap." - ./,, ,,'Mr:.;Rogers and hi; 1 Langston, voungei : thanMi. 'Nixon. In Others ,,v^.~ —«... *.-.....,., ., . -. two-of: liis: gravest moments. .Kixon has made '.clear tis^^ot*. gtaduated"from Cornell;: of psrsonarcrisis, Mr. Nixon . intention to manage foreign*; •JJ'i'versity^., College of .'Law turned to Mr;'Rogers as his policy personally: • :.m-1937 (they .nad married a most .intirnate .counselor. "My competence is in .the;f/;vyeai• .earlier - as -.students). • During -the .election cam- fo.reign'Cfield," he remarked^i, After graduation, Mr. Rog-- paign.of 1952- there- were.'.; .last'Oct. >13; "When it ;comesw;':.ers Became aa AssistantDis-.., -charge's-that Mr.: Nixon .was,-',to;''foreign policy .': r.'; have. ' tnct Attorney of New York being' personally Vfiriancedf.by?: strong convictions, about the.;: County under Thomas E. several "wealthy,, backers' in-::necessity for strengthening'-i'Pewey, who was then em- California "who hoped tor-rthe-..'United States, dealingi:!;barking, on a career .as a-, b«ifePt from his political -in-K'> 'with 'the' SovietUnion'-frpm .-ai;¥.racket-buster. His : v developedi^the->drninistra-;.' ^ministration -for his^workr^ 3'i-shares', with '''President-elect tion's-plans'fprvclarifying the;;.-:;' As ft;;senior; partner in'.thrfi'.';'Nixon/'He"'enjoys good ' office.' ,., •• v'.'.'i ' • -. ...i.'.and; ha's- taken'-ah.r.intere'st' in-,.'Dale,..Jeffrey and Douglas. -. '.Bill. is.'?very.'-:.-cooI( very;^ Mernationa>law>;-'-'' - '.:.^"-'. r:- Their daughter Dale some- ^aP'?^-:;..^al?->-%-;^Pu°'1Pan'"'• • ;-'Bntilftwq;weeks;(ago,:vfh^ri'4what-.embarrassed Mr. 'Rog-' \friendj;|.,,JIe ;r.u'ns::an';orderlyiV-,'Mr-V,-Ni3?bh :-fifsE'"apprpa6hed' '^ers politically in 1956 when .sHop;i?and;fT:unsjit;';welL,.He;S4., :hirn;^take^e:pbst:-ofJSecr .''"she; announced, .as a student •a top-riotch-£ administrator:'-retary'of State'?Mr.vBpgers-..at -Cornell,--that- she would .and. aVgbpdaawyer." . j^ad no: plansSloX-return^pK;ybte'rfpr Adlai:E;: Stevenson,^ Mr,r:'Rogers,:,,a,.,taH; hand- 'politics. ,..,,#•?.; "'' ' '*"'" the Democratic; P-residential-'- some man .with a-ready smile Although a close friend candidate.V.wlule. her, 'father and a charming personal man- since 1940, when the two was a member-of 'the iEisen'-'. ner, also -won a reputation men were engaged in separ hower Administration. MEW YORK TIMES, Thursday, 12 December 1968 ;" A Cabinet mirrors/the personal qualities and political predilections of the President who puts it together. As. a group, the men assembled by President-elect Nixon are, like their chief, intelligent, moderately con- servative, competent and rather colorless. Some are stronger personalities than others and some are better matched to their respective jobs but, taken as a whole,' they are striking in their uniformity. William P. Rogers was an unexpected choice foci \By including Gov: GeOrge'Romriey- in hisi "CabinetA. Secretary of State since he has no background in fdrrM Mr. Nixon has paid a graceful compliment to a eign affairs—although no veteran of the department defeated rival and also enlisted the services of a con- he is to head can surpass him for urbanity! and self- scientious industrialist turned public servant. The •possession. Because Mr. Rogers is such a close friend of selection of Gov. John A. Volpe pays a political debt the President-elect and has the same acute sensitivity that would have been better left unpaid, particularly to the political nuances, he may, oddly enough, have in the sensitive, post to which he has been named. the same approach to his job as his predecessor, Dean John Mitchell, the new Attorney General, and Rusk. Mr. Rusk has conceived of himself not as the Robert Finch, who is to become Secretary of Health, administrator of a vast policy-making machine or as Education and Welfare, are both political confidants the proponent of personal or departmental views but of the new President. While Mr. Jinch has show$f •rather as the President's discreet; sympathetic, confi? .dential counselor. Mr. Rogers' successful-career as a ..-•'••"-. ,. * • '' * ' .',;»'-."-:''.'.: ..;"-..'...... '.•• ' ' i -Mr. Nixon's economic appointments- continue to be 'admirably weighted oh the side of progressive con- .servatism. David M.vKennedy, theknew Secretary of Ithe Treasury, and Robert Mayo, the new Budget Direc- '•tor, are orthodox in their outlook, but there is nothing *rigid or mossbacked about theuvphilosophy. Maurice Stans, as Secretary of Commerce, will not have the "Povrer base to impose his ultra-conservative views on •Acfoinistration policy if Mr. Kennedy holds firm. ;in a related field, George P. Shultz Is an excellent choice for Secretary of Labor. His practical experience as xo-chairman of the Armour Automation Commis- sion should prove particularly helpful hi meeting the .serious problems of manpowef retraining, technologi- cal unemployment and job opportunities for Negroes. : ^Unfortunately, the same-, accolade cannot be 'bestowed upon the prospective Secretary of the Inte- rior, Gov. Walter J. Hickel of Alaska, Mir. Hickel >has little visible qualification for this important post the conservation of the nation's natural 36 THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 12, 19S8 Men in the News Nixon's Cabinet: 12 Men Who Will Lead Departments and Help Shape Policy Secretary of Treasury: David Matthew Kennedy Defense II/ILLIAMPIERCEROGERS'S PRESIDENT-ELECT RICH- Old Elm Club outside Chi- HE new Secretary of De- Mr. Laird came to the r " first of tidal exploit in fense, Melvin Robert House in 1953 after serving ARD M. NIXON has cago, he is not much of a the realm of world diplomacy T chosen a soft-spoken Mor- Laird, a conservative Repub- for six years in the Wisconsin golfer. was a two-week goodwill lican Representative from Senate. mon banker of moderately "He is one of the nicest tour of West Africa in 1960. Wisconsin, represents an in- Mr. Laird was graduated conservative views as his people I know," said a for- By this deed alone, he has novation, disturbing to some in 1942 from Carleton Col- Secretary of the Treasury. mer associate today. "I'd call chanced to start his tenure in the executive branch, re- lege in Northfield, Minn., as Secretary of State on the assuring to others on Capitol where he met his wife, the David Matthew Kennedy, him a comfortable guy. right foot as far as one con- 63 years old, chairman of (he Hill, in the management of former Barbara Masters of Among other things, I've tinent, at least, is concerned. the military establishment. Indianapolis. They have two board of Chicago's largest never heard him raise his Sensitive African diplomats For the first time since the sons, John and David, and bank, Continental Illinois Na- voice, in anger or otherwise." and governments are still re- Defense Department was es- a daughter, Alison. , tional Bank and Trust Com- sentful that Dean Rusk, as A Man in the News sketch pany, is not a stranger to Another calls him "thought- tablished after World War II, ful," if not intellectual, and Secretary of State, never paid an elected politician will be appeared last Tuesday. government. a visit to Africa. The first 16 years of his says, "I could easily see him The New York Times moving into an increasingly teaching a course in mone- The paucity of diplomatic William P. Rogers powerful post dominated un- working career were spent experience in Mr.. Rogers's with the Federal Reserve tary policy in the Federal Re- til now by lawyers, financiers serve System." career is likely to be mis- and business executives. Board in Washington. He leading on two scores, in as- and close personal relation- served for two years in Mr. Kennedy has acquired The 46-year-old legislator sessing President-elect Rich- ship, as confidante and friend, will be abandoning a position the Eisenhower Administra- some knowledge of the cru- with the next President vir- tion Treasury, and he headed cial area of international ard M. Nixon's choice for the of increasing influence in nation's top diplomat tually ensures that he will in- the House. a commission under President finance in recent years, as deed be the "strong Secre- Johnson that produced a ma- a result of the activities of First, as a private lawyer, A pragmatic conservative ' jor change in the presenta- his bank. Under his initiative, Mr. Rogers has been deeply tary of State" promised by —he supported Senator Barry tion of the Federal budget. the Continental became the involved in questions of in- Mr. Nixon last month. Goldwater in 1964 and then Mr. Kennedy is a Republi- first Middle Western bank ternational law. Lawyers, Born in Norfolk, N. Y. on this year promoted Governor can but has worked closely to set up a branch in London like diplomats, are negotia- June 23,1913, Mr. Rogers was Rockefeller for the Presiden- with Democratic Mayor Rich- and later acquired three Japa- tors, and Mr. Rogers is far counsel to, the Senate Per- tial nomination — he has ard J. Daley as chairman of nese banks. from diffident about the pros- manent Investigating Com- emerged in recent years as the Chicago Committee for Mr. Kennedy in conse- pect of meeting ally or ad- mittee when he met Mr. a behind-the-scenes leader of Economic and Cultural De- quence has traveled abroad versary across a negotiating Nixon. the House Republican forces velopment His bank is in the frequently and has numerous table. A Man in the News sketch as chairman of the Republi- ,„ , . The New York Time! thick of efforts to employ international banking con- Second, Mr. Rogers's long appeared yesterday. can Conference in the House. Melvm R. Laird Negroes, finance Negro busi- tacts. nesses and provide construc- In his early years with the tion money for slum housing. Federal Reserve he became "The men who run Amer- budget deficit. And he said A devout Mormon who special assistant to the chair- Housing Interior ican industry today," Mr. last January that "our pri- neither smokes nor drinks, man of the Reserve Board, Kennedy said recently, "can mary international respon- he was born on July 21, 1905, Marmer S. Eccles. He accepted /^EORGE WILCKEN ROM- ALTER JOSEPH HICKEL, quit public school when he no longer shrug their shoul- sibility is to reaquire control and grew up on a ranch in an offer from the Continen- vJ NEY, who has been W who will become Secre- was 16 and left home at 20 . ders and say that the poor over our balance of pay- Randolph, Utah, and gradu- tal in 1946, when he was 41, named Secretary of Housing tary of the Interior next year, to make his fortune in Aus- . i are always with us, and there ments." ated from Weber College in though he had offers with and Urban Development in has a kind of "newness" that tralia, but went to Alaska ; is little we can do about it." "Recent price increases," Ogden, where he met his much larger salary from the Nixon Cabinet, once de- Alaskans admire. when he could not get a visa. ; But if David Kennedy is he said then, "stem largely wife, the former Lenora Bing- several New York banks. scribed himself as a "realistic He came up the hard way, Governor Hickel, a mod- 3 progressive in his views on from the inflationary fiscal ham. They have four married In 1956 Mr. Kennedy be- idealist." The 61-year-old arriving in Anchorage with erate Republican, was co- i the urban crisis, as both his and monetary policies we daughters. came the bank's president Governor of Michigan, who 37 cents in his pocket as a leader of Mr. Nixon's Presi- words and actions show, he . have been following — the Associates say that he is and in 1959 the chairman of made an unsuccessful bid for young man of 20 years. He dential campaign in tha is orthodox in his financial same policies that are at the in excellent health. His ranch- the board. the Republican Presidential amassed a fortune in real Western states. He is a for- outlook. root of our international ing boyhood gave him a taste The bank is now the eighth nomination, sees himself estate construction from resi- mer member of the Republi- He was a vigorous advo- problems." for horseback riding, fishing largest in the nation and is bringing the idealism of his dential 'areas to shopping can National Committee. cate earlier this year of a tax He is on record against and hunting—hobbies he still known for the brilliant Mormon religion to business centers and hotels. increase and a reduction in devaluing the dollar by an in- pursues on occasion. Although younger men who are moving and politics in general. When he took office two expenditure to reduce the crease in the price of gold. a member of the exclusive up in management. Energetic and alert to op- Associated Press . . years ago as Alaska's first portunities, this square- George Romney elected Republican Governor, jawed individualist drove his he said that he would con- way up from carpenter's 568,000 two years later. •centrate on the economic de- Attorney General: > John Newton Mitchell helper. to millionaire presi- Thirteen months ago. when velopment of Alaska's rich dent of the American Motors Mr. Romney became the first • natural resources. This is ,a T 'was the day before the approach is cited botlj by important .political figure to j problem ,cf magnitude,' for I crunch last August and . seek the Presidential nomina- Alaska and the 49 >dther there right in the middle of his adherents' and detractors: ;j 'guzzUng'dinosaufs'^won^e tion, it was observed that ne . states. It is a problem fraught - the high pressure steam bath „ For .those; who •admire him ^respect of industrialists. enjoyed street corner debates with politics and the p'res- that was Miami Beach"."sat' - *vhft is fl "man who Tfpwr locia^ ^ r'WiR nribn h«li«f"i« prayer on unionism; black . power.; '•sjires .of oil, Mineral,' electJic made and the war in Vietnam. "•''. Jpower, timber and other giant' John Newton Mitcbeli; the , : cool commander of the.Nixon „_'„ • by But the Governor's realistic'.. ; indiistrialindustries..^. -,--t „> juggernaut -who- had,helped' --'\'::.'f '«>'-""' streak became . -dominant; The 49-year old Governor -to get his man to the brink' *•;%•>'••.,V>,,V -• when he announced, during was born in Ellmwdddi K'an:,-- the New Hampshire primary, the eldest of lp children "pfia, that he was out.of the race. Kansas tenant fafmerT'-'He' ten •tei'ting me pi CM, i\u.uoiu IT*. Nixon would get the nomina- almost inhuman 'personality, tion and yes, he would go on. totally unemotional." Mr. to win in November, What Mitchell, says this man, then, a squestioner asked, "has rib .'Warmth at all." he Coiimsrce Labor d ' would Mr. Mitchell do? Would - added. "You talk to him and E throws tilings —pencil s pEORGE PRATT SHULTZ'S • Mr. Shultz was born Dec. .ihe join the: new President's you get absolutely no reac- 1 H and rulers — not at any- . M first memorable .eco-.;' 13, 1920, into a prosperous:-} , cabinet, perhaps as Attorney. - tion." But "he's certainly a body, but across the room or nomics lesson, occurred New York City family, and* General? .The answer .vva'; s di-: .'• brilliant -organizer." against the wall to indicate when, at the.,age .of 12, he..: has impeccable" eastern ere-si >'repf~ ^'Absolutely "not.' 'Xjanis<: /•Mr. Mitchell's .political impatience with bureaucratic < tried .to. sell his ', T.he.flew-Yprfc Times The Naw York Times TheNev/Y.ork-Times Paul w;' McCracken panieT-Patrick Moynihan! Sargent Shriver T^ROM both liberal and'con- IS sociological reputation the former head .of Presi: "*•' servative "economists,, H as.'aii/expert on.-rabe has' •;dent: Kennedy's Peace -Corps there was praise when Presi- produoed5:-political: problems . 1 and President Jphnson's .drive dent-elect' Richard' M. Nixon . for .Daniel 'PaijickiMbynihan, . "against poverty, Robert Sar- said that he wb'uld-name Paul who »,will. "-be •• the/' prmcipal ' gent Shriye.r .Jr., 53,. is- ex- Winston-McCracken as presi- s . staff Sofficer,.,. of :.iheifNixon. pected ito. .be President-elect • dent 'of the Council 'pf Eco-: ' Administration's- ;;-'. Cabinet- N.i'xpri'4 nominee for 'chief ' nomic Advisers, ''• level eouncil;:onliUrban.,Af- •• representative, to, 'the. United •Soon Mrj'McCracken held fairs. .' '-".-.•' i •••••'' -.'':. Nations. . • ' a news'conference at Ann: The'-book 'that-iMK-'Mbynii Mr. 'Shriver, husband .of Arbor, 'Mich.,' where he was a han co-authored in:.1963.with' . the. former Eunice Kennedy, "senior professor of economics 'Nathan;,Blazer-,:.£;'s'tudy. of '. sister .of the late Prfesident, at the .University of 'Michir minority groups.in.Newyork is'now Ambassador to France. gan's Graduate .School/of Bus- City called .''Beyond,.'the; • .In Washington, he won; a. iness "• Administration,' and Melting Pot," contained quo- reputation .as 'an/ effective voiced a middle - of-"the-rpad tations that were used salesman on Capitol Hill'fpr approach' that' -could '• give 1 the programs' that he led. comfortvto;both=side's. against Mr Moynfhan in his After' 'the -'Shavers were v unsuccessful \campaign in' He' said th'at'he' advocated 1965 for the Democratic ma'rrie.d"ih St. Patrick's''Ca- vigorous use of both fiscal nomination for City Council thedral:..:jn 19534_ .the., bride, and'-monetary policies in .'giv- President: toasting the groom at the ing direction to the economy, reception, said, "I sta< ched but that he felt; government .The: memorandum'that he all my life for someone like efforts to "tune up the econ- wrote asi'iAssistant' Secretary my father—and Sarge came omy had sometimes been of Labor, issued in 1965 as closest " l "erratic'.' -land -could- - them- "The Negro 1Family A Case Eunice Kennedy had mtio-. selves increase; economic in- for National Action," stirred duced him to her father, Jo- 'stability. denunciations from some seph, patriarch of the clan, Mr Nixon in announcing segments of the CLVI! rights in 1946, as a potential editor the 'appointment, described movement, who resented its of the memoirs of the oldest Mr McCracken as "a prag- bleak picture of the Negro Kennedy brothei, Joseph Jr, matisf" who approached few family, i* who: was. killed' 'iir'Wp'rld: issues -from': a '-"doctrinaire" Born on March 16. 1927, he, War 2 •s'tandpo'irit. was brought up in the slum-; Instead, Mr. Shriver was : For.-•'Mr,' • "McCracken;' -the of Manhattan He shmed hired to help sell space m Washington surroundings will shoes, sold newspapers and, Chicago's Merchandise Mart, hot be unfamiliar. He''served artei Navy service m World the world's biggest private c on the..council that -he will War 'II'arid''before his 'gradua- 'office "building, then 'owned now head during the second t on from Tufts in 1948, he 'by Mr.'Kennedy and embar- Eisenhower Administration. tended bar in a Manhattan Tassingly unfilled. Eventually He was-. :born-..'ori Dec. 29; tavern. ' he 'became the .Mart's assist- 1915, in Richland, Jowa..He As a Tui bnght scholar, he anV'general'. manager and, in taught for a time at Berea studied m England later his spare time served foi College in Kentucky, wheie worked foi then Gov W 'five! years --as president :of he met his wife, " Aveicll Hairiman of New ; Chicago's Board, of Educa- -andi*thciv Presid tioti v/, ' " »- ' "-«:* v '"\(r ^h'nVc Was Soin. (the,'Co^m|M^eMmenS! ;rfe c^Elpabeth/ /Jh&j ; and'tor,^eJ5erJ6r^,*6fre,fTOl^ Srsn'nfi^la'fftll^Hfffl In t Bank rjf-Min«0api)hs ...»* staff rnemtfta'Sml'ssy1 Si: Five feet 4 inches tall, he Ip66 he has been dncclor served in World War 2 He. has thjnmsh grav hair and of the To jU Center for Urban worked briefly as assistant wears rimless spectacles Stud es rjf thp Mass"icviuset,ts to the editor of News- -c Y A Th detailed profile appear ed, Institute of jTecbnoiogy an^i ^magazine The Shriyeis have ' 171 e Times of Dec 5 Harvard University fivei children , „, - -1, - ' f. ThtNewYork.Tlmej JheVN'ew^Yprk Times Dr. I,ee A. DuBrldge t The Htri York Tlmei Heniy ,A*. Kissinger ( Robert P.'Mayo R. LEEALVINDuBRIDGE • F Robert Porter Mayo finds D will: be the fifth man; in W oldr in -;r95'7;' Dr^:Henryv I •the". Federal budget less a post created after the" So-. Alfred Kissinger w;on'-w,orld-" ! confusing than other new viet Union lofted its first wide attention. with'-;his'';bbok, v "NuelearsWeap'pnspand '•'. For- . .'budget directors have, he has earth satellite in !957, shat- :pnly.hjns.elf to thank. tering America's confidence^ . eign.'' .Policy,;' %luchi:'iifgecLv '' .For Mr. Mayo was the staff in its own scientific, domina-i a flexible •.Americanimilitary apparatus/ : ';>*''••'.;?_••' •'->• ' "'director last year, of a'Presi- tion. : Dr. DuBridge, the science •i'lri'-the bbok;''tlie- 6utgrowth dentia.1 commission that pro- adviser.to the ,l^ixon Admin- of his work as study directo; r posed a complete reorganiza- istration, a physicist! and -a-- for.,':!three-<:;subcpmmittees;- of- tion' .and 'simplification of long-time friend of the Presi-" "the' 'Gbun'cil prfoForeigh/ Rcla? .• /budgetary-'accounting. That dent-elect,, moved up'by. one iionsV hei^.rot'e: • " - '"' •mommissipn is believed to year his scheduled retirement . "In! the! nuclear age; by the' hold -the speed' record for as president of California'Iri.- time a threatih'as becbnie un^- Presidential commissions — .stitute of 'Technology.( '. ambiguous, 'it might be:, too 7Y2 months from its appoint- He is ''charged..with sorting late- to resist, it" ment to its final report and, ownn mnrft imnrpcsivp. 9^ . . . -yWttflpfFjWesrf'-Be^J. '•:,;.;., 'Ha'rwd''ynivi!rVtj^'^;f5::;-^iY^ Wf^jf,;.;.:;—ir™^ ' V; • . . The Niw.YorjrjImei Dr. Lee A. DuBridge 1 T\R LEE ALVINDuB RIDGE '• : f \Jf 7HENV-HE- was'X--34 , -.ye F Robert-Porter Mayo finds V will be the. fifth man" in '•'' old.'in 1957;: DrrdHenr-y the -"Federal -budgets-legs a post created .after '.the- So- Alfred Kissinger won -world?.- confusing, than other ' new viet; :Uhion lofted its first wide -attention, with-his book, earth 'satellite inM957, shat- ., "Nuclear !--Weapohs-"'and For- .;budget. directors h'ave, he has tering America's confidence', f'eign -Policy," -.which .-iirged.-, • only hinself to thank. For Mr. Ma^ojwas tlie staff in .its own .scientific domina-' :'.. a flexible -American^ militar: y tion. , . '. !. apparatus.. --. ^J-' •::'•;• ";-.-•.--. ^director last year, of a Presi^ Dr. DuBridge, the science •• December 123 1968 Dear Mr. Secretary General: This is to confirm in writing the arrangements we made orally through Dr. Ralph Bunche for the visit of President- elect Nixon and Secretary of State-designate William P. Rogers to your office on Tuesday, December 17th. According to the present plan here is the schedule: S The President-elect's party will include Secretary of State-designate Rogers; Mr. Robert D. Murphy^ the President-elect's State Depart- ment coordinator; and Mr. Henry A. Kissinger/"" Assistant for National Security Affairs. They will arrive at the United States Mission at 4 p.m.; at 4:15 p.m. they will arrive at your office. The President-elect's party will be accompanied by Ambassador Buffum^Ambassador Pedersen "and myself^ After the visit with you we understand there will be a small reception for the President-elect and his party at which they will have an opportunity to meet with officials of the United Nations and members of the Security Council. It is the wish of the President-elect and the incoming Secretary of State to pay their respects to you and to the United Nations as an institution and no formal exchange of views on substantive matters is contemplated. Sincer His Excellency U Thant, Secretary General of the United Nations. ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TO: FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMATION >^ CR. 13 (11^64) crM. ' ~(USA) 53 V '' (7131 USA.: 5^1 '"^LH^S^S^s^S^S^^^ UK 41557 - UNITED HATIOMS, JI.Y., 22 Sopuotoer 1953 - ^p£?Wl feai-&^;«i The Vice-Prosident of tha United States, Mr. Ric'^rd M-, tef^ paid a brief visit to United Nationa Headquai-Lora boday* Ha ^%f^S& '«et tho President of the Genaral Assembly0 >fee. Ytjaya Lakstai Pandit, of India0 Kid Secr©tary-General Dag Haas&tirskjfild. Mr* Wi^:on also attended a maeting of tha Stesilag Committee for a few rainutas end took a abort tour of the United Nations buildim Seen hare» the Vico-rrasident (standljEg, fourth fr-m right} is ,&^« photographed by prosa and nowsresl .j^otograptK; rs as ba eoro/'orE '''1 '-X%-1 with Ksn«. Pandit0 while AssSaassador Henry Cabot LOriGS Jr. (secon js^! ;-*^: ri^it) looks on» ^tm&)*,?!?•' Plsase credit s Utr.CTED WTIONS f'-itn A.\ ' ':'• JSP -is, •/•,«-> *; * 11 ^r.^,-.' -. ••^'a'fBSiV^-fWJS"- -.,-. ";. •.•• : I'^^ifc;^Wlv^fc- ---'-••-' ^-f -* *t,'^^^ ^ ^ Nixon, Richard M. "(USA) 53 (VIS:U3Ai53) vxs&..°assiDEHy OF T;^ MUEBD STATES u .?? > r OH 41396 . L'NJL-JiD NATIONS, K,I.i 22 Sept. 1953 - l£r. Richard 14. MI£0!;. Vice-Prssidsnt of the United States, inorning paid a brier visit to United Watious Headquarters wMch ho last the Provident of the Gansral Aaaewbly and tho S'|?cz tary-Genaral of the U.H., attended a madving of the General Co: cdtteo for a few rri.iTj.tos, and took a brief tour of the United Nations buildings. Seen hers^ from loft to rights Vice-President JilXOKj Mr. Dag if! MAJ&sATiSlWOLD, Socri', .ry-General of tho U.H»j Madame Vijaya PAKDIT, of India, Ir:.,ident of the current, session of the and Ajab"-r:-.dor Henry Cabot LODGS* Jr.A Penaanont of the Urvj.-,.d States to the United Nations, MB/p( S;* Please credits UNT.il*; NATI02B '* "•(* -fs^H?''^'''*,'''' •''/' ^Vr^^wWF .- %lS^.4?^ .^•-"-'•^'•^'^'-•'•v .•'•:•"' i- ".,*..'-• :;: *•: ;• *$£» & v | .^i ., -f -^^*0;.>•>.- j£v•:*• i" »*' ^i>iV*-Vi^.'"'A-.* ...vr- •• ,'•••:„-. %^KTO^S?W» (VXSsUSA.:56} VICE-PSSIDETjT AT IJ^ITKATIOI UH 52128 - UHITRD NATIONS, MoY.3 13 Dec. 1956 - r l'.ir>. Richard M« Nixon, Vioo President of the United Statess toda paid a visit to United Nations Headquarters, in How York, during which hu called on Secretary-General Dag Haairaarokjold and Princn V-ai'i Kcdthayakon of Th?,'.l.ind,, President of thp currant session oi th« General Assembly, 'i'lris picture, taken during his visit, ah from r0 tol,: Mr0 Andrew CORDIER, Executive Assistant to the Secretary-General; Mr0 HAi,lMARSKJOLDj Mr0 NIXONj Prince WAM and Mi-, rie!,ry Cabot LODGE, Jr., the United States Representative to the U0N0 .%•„ Nixon leaves TupBr?--1^ to make a survey of the Hungarian refu- g«o situation in Au&trlo, aa President Eisanhov;er' s personal rep: sentative0 Fie ass credit: UNITE]: HATjr* MB/pcd Nixon, Hicl^ard i-i, (USA) 56 U$ 52129 - UNITliO NATIONS, N0Yo, 33 Dec* 1956 - I.irv Richard M0 HI/DN? Vin- -President of the United Statocs today a visit to United Nations Headquarters, in Jtew York, during whic! onthuaiasticaliy praicod ;,hs handling of t-Ke Middle I-iasi and Hunj prices by tho U»N. He is sson here during his-viait, having an nal chat with Miss Sheila MUKFHY, one of Ireland's representatlw f-.ho current session of t.ha General Asssssably. i.ir0 Kt?con leaves Tuesday to make a survey of the Hungarian refug , .-.tuition In Austria at '.•/.•liaident Eisenhower's personal rep re sen '•TOP.FO crsdit? UMITSF' T.',""':oWS MB/p-cd fc/ UNITED NATIONS Press Services Office of Public Information United Nations, K'.Y. (FOR USE OF INFORMATION MEDIA — NOT AN OFFICIAL RECORD) Ktrte Kb. 3^89 16 December 1968 NOTE TO CORRESPONDENTS The following was announced today by a United Nations spokesman: The Secretary-General is pleased to announce that President-elect Richard M. Nixon ¥3.11 make an informal visit to the United Nations on the afternoon of Tuesday,17 December, to pay his respects to the Secretary-General and the United Nations. The President-elect will be accompanied by Secretary of State-designate "William Rogers and others from his official family aud from the United States Mission to the United Nations. The Secretary-General will receive Mr. Nixon in his office and will have a small, informal reception in his 58th floor suite immediately thereafter. MEW YORK TIMES, Wednesday, 18 December 1968 .,-Speculation, on:' Mr:.;Nixon's choibe for representative to the United Nations..: continued 'to focus on Sargent Shriver,' the PRESIDENT-ELECT .PA i o «. ^~~~ Ambassador to France. y:^hant,:.thc Secretary General, at the United Nations Aides 'said that Mr. Nixon would announce the appoint-: ment, "later this week:" His visit today shed no light on J the appointee's identity. Dele- Pays Courtesy Call Here-- - „„„ j ., morning, I gates interviewed afterward : Ronald Ziegler, his press secre-1 Names Economic Adviser for approval.'" -j';S -f 5 K :f said that he had not raised the In the early "stages of the tary, said that "Mr. Nixon's! and Cabinet Secretary subject. j-v 5 . campaign,",Mr;-Nixon said that posture during. the transition | He told newsmen gatljejed alj he supported the treaty but op-- period is not to take positions on foreign and domestic issues." the delegates' entrance'rofythe( posed its immediate approval on the ground that Senate ac- Mr. Foster was among those By ROBERT B. SEMPLE Jr. Secretariat that -he -had^beeri who greeted Mr. Nixon when President-elect Richard M. impressed with what; he', had tion would represent an affront to all those who had been out- he arrived in mid-afternoon..'at Nixon paid what was officially learned about the United Na- raged by the Soviet invasion of the United States mission, termed a "courtesy call" on tions' Tyork in' social and eco- Czechoslovakia. which is across the street from Secretary General Thant yes- nomic development. In a nationwide radio address the Secretariat. terday 'and pledged his Admin- Work Found Exciting on Oct. 26, he began to retreat The President-elect's entou- from this position, suggesting rage included Secretary of State- istration's "continuing sup- He:...said ; that,:"the 'economic designate William P. Rogers, port" of the United Nations. that he might suspend his ob- and other activities" were "tre- jections in January. Dr. Henry Kissinger, who will After a private meeting with mejidously exciting." "I remain convinced," he be his adviser on national se- the Secretary General and a "It is this side of the United curity affairs, and Ambassador said, "that Senate approval and Robert Murphy, his chief liai- reception with various delega- Nations, that needs better to be ratification of this treaty were tions, Mr. Nixon said that: the son with the State Department. known in America and around properly delayed because of the Dr. Stein, a graduate of Wil- purpose of'his visit was to "in- the world,": he added. sudden and brutal invasion of liams College, served as an dicate our continuing support Czechoslovakia—a delay also - During his-' private discus- favored by our European allie_s. economist for the Committee of the United Nations-and our sions, Mr. Nixon apparently, said "In January the Senate will for Economic Development, a intention in these years ahead enough to encourage some .dele- undoubtedly reassess Soviet in- leading business group, between to do everything "we can to 1945 and 1967. gates to believe that he would tentions in Central and Western He is regarded as somewhat strengthen this organization as jpush for Senate.approval of the Europe; I am hopeful that we it works in the cause, of jpe,ace' ; can then proceed with this im- more conservative than the treaty to ban the spread of portant treaty." economists who have dominated throughout the worldv"', - .- ! 'nuclear weapons— presumably The key question now, how- the Council of Economic Ad- Two'Aides Appointed ever, is whether he will openly visers in recent Democratic Ad 1 : : aft^r lie'takes:office:'on Jan, 20,| ministrations. . Earlier in ;the day, Mr. Nixon William; G, Foster^ who has support a move by President appointed John .C. .Whittaker, Johnson to gain approval of the Mr. Whittaker, who received submitted: his '^resignation• as treaty before Inauguration Day a Ph. D. from Johns Hopkins 41-year-old geologist, as secre-; University in 1953, handled Mr tary; to, the Cabinet;: and DrJ hea.d of "the; !Awns :Cpritrbl and or remain aloof from the issue Disarmament Agency, spoke to until he takes office. Nixon's tour schedule and lo- Herbert; Stein, 52, a senior fel- Mr. Foster did not answer gistics during the primaries and low/at the Brobkings Institution newsmen afterward. the campaign. Before the cam- The President-elect indicated, this question, but it appears in Washington, as'.a- member of! -that M£INixon has decided to paign, he was vice president of he said, that he had softened "take^'the; second course—the International Aerat$er^g%Cjor.- his ' Council "of." Econorni^', jAd- poration, a subsidiary: of-iittori visers. ,, ;j -. .ksijor> t;fli" nt" i his opposition to approval of: course-of silence and noninter- v n 21 ; e treaty.and that . ference until Jan. 20. Industries. , NEW YORK TMES, Saturday, 21 December 1968 fcellenrCteice for trie U.N. President elect Nixon m a pre inaugural visit to the United Nations this week promised his Administration wbSHti do "everything that we can to strengthen this organization as it works m the cause of peace through- 01$, the world" He took.an impressive first step toward fulfilling that promise yesterday when he chtise, Charles W, Yost to represent the United States a^Urtle Bay, Tt" is, difficult to imagine a man better fitted for this a career diplomat foi 33 years, Mr Yost has in almost every region of the world, often m .S posts .kt "critical- moments- of history. As one -of th|pew.whp have reached the.top of his profession^- ; he^was named .career" ambassador, -in-; .-the ' Foreign Sejbvice in 1964:— he -will; enjoy .the highest respect" of his^pQlleagues in' , the; American delegation .arid of other • d^i§§ates, many of. whom 'are old. friends. .-.-..-. ••'> - ..Jts^a member of the American delegation to the fquxiiiing conference of the United Nations, a former Apolitical' adviser;, to '.the : general -Assembly,; -and "'-as PlJjuty Perm'anent Representative ',to . thei.'U.N^ ' from . -19$i!tb 1966, .serving with distinction under -Ambas'sa- d^L^Steyerisbn. and -Goldberg, Mr. Yost, has gained a thorough, understanding of the world organization, . its: strength, alidjiis (weaknesses. . ..- •'' , ;; .'.^'.j - '.•'isbies.-'- ... • : , > .. ..'.. (.^^ • ' . '." '.' . •'.';•' ; • •; '*:S' : •..- . • , . ^c^• •.':.,:•:;•—*:..; ' • . ^ • •••• r- • - • ;•• -; -;^.' <:• :;;-•. '•>What is even more .irriportant,.. -the vAmbassador' 'designate Has demonstrated a passionate' ;jdeyotion to- ithlS^iursuit 'of ..peace:' through" international coopera- tion: Since 'V.'iiis retirement;, in'. 1966 .ne.': Ms conceri-'- ' .tr^idi A Iiveiy:i intellect .on the .problems-,, of security • ,im!avnuclear:; age,: concluding that, the ' only, -salvation' .f.oSiincreasingly ^insecure : natipii-states lies . in cooper: atSJn'.ithrough.aV.srxengthened United ..Nations. In his , boJk-iwThe.Jnsecurity, of .Nations," published, early this •y£aC; he • offers : .concrete, .proposals' -f or ::U.N.;^ reform, In .a^losing. paragraph,;. he, writes: \ .-.- . >• >"Trie revival 'and re-enforcement ;of the. ^United Na- >• ti&ns^no doubt;. se'ems, and., at( the moment. ^may?' be,'.. o Uto'pjah/ The point': to; be made again .and: again, to be' haKj'inered'';;Unmercifully. into dun proud^^hardj", silly- . h^rfgi" is :. that. -the. attempt to,; achieye'the security 'of nations- by natiprial means under modern circilm- of'c^lamity^vthe-invigoratiqh of the"'Unite.d R e ".a; 'numberVpf, years. ThieJ.passrng;'. of''powers ;new', from parochial t6;!ecuifnenical,: from" states, separating peoples to institutions uniting them, w^ffnot be accomplished quickly or easily. Still, it segrfts high time to begin." ItyfrTNixon has made a good beginning toward reas- serfjjig American leadership in the search for a" more and secure world order by naming this prag- his U.N,. Ambassador. HEW YORK TIMES, Tuesday, 21 January 1969 igural Address, The President of the United States unites in his office two public functions which in many countries are totally distinct and discharged by two different persons. He is head of state, presiding over public ceremonies and bespeaking the enduring values which | unite the nation above and beyond the strife of race, i glass and party. He is also head of government and [ political chief, setting forth the specific principles for \jirhich his party stands and the program by which he ihtends to govern. j: An Inaugural Address is a rhetorical reflection of the mingling of these two functions. It usually stresses those values and aspirations which all Americans^ share, but it also adumbrates the lines of policy whicji| ' yjjot the most part, however, President;Nix6h~empha- the Administration will follow. President Nixon's mes-Sj sized: the traditional conservative virtues. He urged sage yesterday conformed to both parts of'this; calm and. a lowering of everyone's voice in the public tradition. debate. He pledged order. He promised to build on f The search for peace was his central theme. He put what has gone before without tearing up or turning aside the militancy of past expressions of anti-Com- away from the legislative programs of the recent past. munism or hawkish support of the Vietnam warr He asserted that the nation is "approaching the limits Instead, he voiced the yearning of all "citizens of the of what Government alone can do." He called for world community" for peace. To him "the greatest more private and individual and neighborhood effort honor history can bestow is the 'title of peacemaker," to meet public problems. and he wisely covets that honor for himself and for * * * , this 'nation. In his* pursuit of this high resolve, Because it is customary for leaders to use hortatory expressed in President Nixon's personal "sacred com- and somewhat romantic language on great occasions, mitment," tie can count on firm popular support. President Nixon described this calendar of homely * * * virtues as a call to "high adventure." But this was not His address also made clear his recognition that the a venturesome message. It reflected the merits of the road out of war is not the road into isolation for this pian who delivered it: tenacity, industry, prudence, greatest of industrial nations/Technology, if nothing caution and a measure of introspection. else, has made all men everywhere "riders on-the |;:it was to the .exercise of these virtues that Mr. earth together." There is no alternative to human frixon summoned the nation. A lowering of the public brotherhood on this planet. temperature is clearly desirable, but there are reasons ' The test for the new Administration and for to doubt that private virtues and neighborly efforts, Congress will be to respond concretely to the moral important as they are, can remedy serious injustices imperative of human brotherhood. Justice requires and deficiencies in the social order without vastly that America take its rightful place with the other expanded Government action and vigorous Presi- rich nations of the world in promoting economic dential leadership. development .and putting an end to the: misery and President Nixon's tone and manner were consonant squalor which afflict two-thirds of the human beings with the sober quality of his address. He was delib- .on this planet. erate, restrained, quietly reasonable, determined to In offering his assessment of America's domestic calm the nation's passions and diminish its discords. crises, President Nixon affirmed this country's com- He has begun with a speech which is a model of the mitment to racial equality. "To go, forward at all quiet virtues he would inculcate in his fellow citizens. is to go forward together," he declared. He also : The nation will await the specifics of a program for extended his hand across the generation gap, express-.: giving all Americans a fuller share in the bounty of ing., pride that today's youth are not only better^ this rich nation and for making the United States a .• more effective partner in a peaceful world.. ..,.,' ., 'educated but also "more passionately driven by • • • •-- -,i-. ,-.,-.• '.'-t-ii ,..;•,.-•((*"•«. conscience than any generation in our history." ; ;; NEW YfgKjmS&B..._. Tue sday, 21 January •• • vi; """."""••'. , - :" • • ••'••' ''•• T/">•*f • 'kcJ Prorni^JL ± VyXi.J.XOvpy t,vvox lor Following % the: transcript of Presi- things—such as goodness, decency, love, are entering an era of negotiation. Let dent Richard M. Nixon's Inaugural Ad- kindness. air nations know . that during this Ad- dress yesterday, as recorded by The Greatness comes In simple trappings. ministration our lines of communication New York Times: .'• , ,Th£.;sunple; things ,are the ones most will be open. needed tPday if we are .to surm'ouht!;••'• We1 seek an open world — open to ENATOR DIRKSEN,-. Mr, Chief Jus- what;idivides: us and cement what unites ideas, open to the exchange of goods tice, Mr. Vice "President, President • us. ,Tp; lower our voices would be a, and people, a world in which no people, S. Johnson, Vice President Humphrey, sMple'vthihg,•;, . . • ...:.,- great or small, will live 'in angry isola- my fellow Americans and. my fellow . : In these, difficult, years', America has';; tion., : citizens of the world 'community: ; suffered jfOijitca. fever of J words; from v •'• We cannot expect to make everyone I ask you to share with me today the inflated; rhetoric that promises more • our friend, but we can try to make no majesty of this moment. In the Orderly than it ,can deliver;, from *apgry%rtietbriQ •>• pn.e-:oilr enemy. transfer of ppwer,. we celebrate tfie that fans '-'discontents' into; Hatreds^from'i- '" Jhose who would be our adversaries, .unity that keeps us free, ; bombastic rhetoric that postures';in'stead . We- iri'Vite to a peaceful competition — Each moment 'in history is a fleeting • of persuading; ;•-. . -••''. "•; ,' - , not in conquering territory or extending time, precious .and unique; But some We: cannot Jearn-.fEom one? another/-, ,. dorftinfon, but in enriching the life of stand out 'as moments of beginning, -in until .wfe'-stop.;shPWi'ng at;orfe ano which courses are set that shape: 'dec- until.-\ve':spe'akt quietly enough: so t 'P^ASbwe explore tne reaches- of space, ades or centuries.., :our words, can'be heard as well as our leVus go to the new worlds together — voices/ \. 'not as new worlds to be" conquered, but -. This can be such a moment. Forces as a new adventure to be shared. :now are converging that make possible OR its part, government ;will listen. 'for the first . time$h^ $a|e.j, that many F We will strive to1 listen in new And with those who are willing to ways -r- to the voices of quiet languish, join, let us cooperate to reduce the .pf man's deepesti^piratiojisican at last burden of arms, to strengthen the struc- ie-fealized. '-•;!•". '^"- '^ the voices -that speak'without words, .'the' voices of'the-heart—to the injured ture of peace, to lift up the poor and •': The spiralirilr pace of change- allo.ws us' the' hungry. to .eontjertTpI^te^ within out r,^yn,, life-1 '.v/oices; the.anxrous'voices, the voices .: th'aif .have .despaired of being heard,, . .But to all those who would be tempted e; ' advances;' -;th'a£, once' • ''would" ' . •''Those. Wh'b have been left out we by weakness, let us leave no doubt that ... , •., will fry to bring in. Those left behind, we will be as strong as we need to be 'Zwi3e'''''fia&.. horizpns'' of' we will help to catch up. , for as long as we need to be. space,,' "we ••' have dJscpyered new hori- , For all our people, we will set as Over the past 20 years, since I first zons. pn earth.' ' • -'•'•'•-,] '-'.. * •" [' our goal the decent order that makes' came to this Capitol as a freshman Con- ..•For the first time, because, the people progress possible and pur lives secure. gressman, I have visited most of the 6f the world' want peace and the lead- As we reach toward our 'hopes, our nations of the world. ers of the world are. afraid qf w'ar, task is to build on what has gone be7 T HAVE come to know the leaders of the times are on the side of. peace. fore — not turning away from the old, •*• the world, the great forces, the hatreds, Eight 'years from now America will but turning toward'the new. the fears that divide the world. celebrate its 200th anniversary as a In this past third of a century, gov- I know that peace does not come nation. And within the lifetime of most ernment has passed more laws, spent through wishing for it — that there is people now living, mankind will cele- more money, initiated more programs, no substitute 'for da/s and even years brate that great new year which comes than in all our previous history. of patient and prolonged diplomacy. only once in a thousand years — the be- In pursuing our goals of full employ- I also know the people of the world. ginriing of the third millennium. ment, better housing,/excellence-in edu- I have seen the hunger of a homeless cation;" in rebuilding our cities and im- child, the pain of a man wounded" in VXTHAT kind of a nation we will be, proving our rural areas; in protecting battle, the grief of a mother who has • • what kind of a world we will our environment, enhancing the quality lost her son. I know these have no live in, whether we shape the future of life—in all these and more, we will ideology, no race. irr the image of our hopes, is ours to and must press urgently forward. I know America. I know the heart of determine by ' our actions and our We shall plan now for the day when America is good. choices. our wealth can be transfered from the I speak from my own heart, and the The greatest honor history can bestow destruction of war abroad to the urgent heart of my country, the deep concern is the' title of peacemaker. This honor needs of our people at home. we have for those who suffer and those now beckons America — the chance to The American dream does not come who sorrow. help lead the world at last out of the to those who fall asleep. I have taken an oath today in the valley of turmoil and on to that high 'But we are approaching the limits of ground of peace that man has dreamed presence of God and my countrymen: what government alone can do. To uphold and defend the Constitution of since the dawn of .civilization. Our.greatest need now is to reach, If we succeed, generations to" come. of the United States. And to that oath, beyond government, to enlist the legions I now add this sacred commitment: I will say of us now living that we of the concerned and the committed.' mastered our moment, that we helped shall consecrate my office, my energies What has to be done has to be done by and all the wisdom I can summon, to make the world safe for mankind. government and people together of .it the cause of peace among nations. This is our summons to greatness. will not be done at all. The lesson of Let this message be heard by strong And I believe the American people past agony is that without ithe people and weak alike. are ready to answer this call. we can do nothing; with the people we The peace we seek —th e peace we seek The second third of this century has can do everything. been a time of proud achievement. We to win —i s not victory over any oth'er have made enormous strides in science '"pO match the magnitude of our talks, people, but the peace that comes with and industry and agriculture. We have -*- we need the energies of our people healing in its wings; with compassion shared our wealth more broadly than —enlisted not only in grand enter- for those who have suffered; with un- ever; we learned at last to manage a prises, but more importantly in th'ose derstanding for those who have opposed modern economy to assure its continued small splendid efforts that make head- us; with the opportunity ,for all the lines in the neighborhood newspaper in- peoples of this earth to choose their growth., own destiny. .rK....We..haYe,;1giy,en freedom new reach; stead of the national journal. fcWe?haye'.'iegun':tp make Its promise With these, we can build a great Only a few short weeks a.go', w;e . cathedral of the spirit—each of us rais- shared the glory .of man's; first Sight j [ real fibr blabfc as'A^ell as for white. of the world as God sees it, as a Single ;' )•''-• Wes see the hopei-"'o f tomorrow in the ing it one stone at a time, as he reaches : youth of today. I know America's youth. out to his neighbor, helping, caring, sphere reflecting light' in the darkness.. ;' I believe in them. We can be proud doing. As Apollo astronauts flew over the ' that they .are better educated, more I do not offer a life of jyiinspiring .Boon's gray surface on Christmas Eve, committed, more passionately driven by ease. I do not call for a life of grim they spoke to us of the beauty 'of earth conscience than any generation in our sacrifice. I ask you to join in a high and in that voice so clear across the _ history. adventure — one as rich as humanity lunar distance we heard them invoke itself, and exciting as the times we God's blessing on its goodness. No people has ever been so close to TN that moment, their view from the the achievement .of a just and abundant live in. society, or so possessed of the will to The essence of freedom is that each •*• moon moved poet Archibald Mac- achieve it. of us shares in the shaping of his own Leish to write: "To see the earth as it And because our strengths are so. destiny. Until he has been part of a truly is, small and blue and beautiful great, we can afford to appraise our cause larger than himself, no man is in that eternal silence where it floats, . weaknesses with candor and to approach truly whole. is to see ourselves as riders on the "them with hope. The way to fulfillment is in the use of earth together, brothers in that bright bur talents; we achieve nobility in the loveliness in the eternal cold — brothers OTANDING in this' same place a third spirit that inspires that use. who know now they are truly brothers." ^ of a century ago, Franklin Delano As we measure what can be done, In .that moment of surpassing' tech- Roosevelt addressed the nation ravaged we shall promise only what we know we nolog'ical triumph, men turned their by depression gripped in fear. He could can produce; but as we chart our goals thoughts toward homeland humanity-r- say in surveying the nation's troubles: we shall be lifted by our dreams. seeing in that far perspective that man's "They concern, thank God, only mate- No man can be fully free while his destiny on earth is not divisible; telling rial things." neighbor is not. To go forward at all us that however far we reach into the Our crisis today is in reverse. '• is to go forward together. cosmos our destiny lies not -in the stars We find ourselves rich in goods, but This means black and white together, but on earth itself, in our . own hands, ragged in spirit; reaching with magnifi- as one nation, not two. The laws have in our own hearts. cent precision for the moon, but falling caught up with our conscience. What We have endured a. long night of the into raucous discord-on earth. remains is to give life to what is in the American spirit. But as our eyes catch We are caught in war, wanting peace. law: to insure at last that as all are the dimness qf the first rays of dawn, We're torn by division, .wanting unity. born equal in dignity before. God, all let us not curse the remaining dark. Let We see around us empty lives, wanting are born equal in dignity before man. us gather the light. fulfillment. We see tasks that need do- As we learn to go forward together Our destiny offers not the cup of ing, waiting for hands to do them. at home, let us also seek to go forward despair, but the chalice of opportunity. To a crisis of the spirit, we need an , together with all mankind. So let us seize it, not in fear, but in answer, pf the spiriti .. gladness — and "riders pn the earth to- And to. find 'that answer, we need T ET -us take as ;our goal: where peace gether," let us go forward, firm in our only' look within ourselves. -*-' is unknown, make it welcome; where faith, steadfast In our purpose, cautious When we listen to the better angels peace is fragile, make it strong; where of the dangers; but sustained by our of our< nature, we find that they cele-/ peace is temporary, make it permanent. confidence in the will of God and the brate • the simple things, the basic After a period of confrontation, we promise pf man. TIMES, Wednesday, 22 To Nixon's Inaugural Speech\ By THEODORE SHABAD "V : Special to The N*w Yorlc.Tlni SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1969 Bl By Walter Lippmann holds that we are ;so'powerful that the inflated pledges'and promises can be N THESE EAKLY DAYS of the made,/splvent ,Tjy, . " - A Trip Designed for, Success . V ' PARIS—If attentiveness, intel- change designed to prove that of the Western' wagon deserve ligence and unfailing courtesy their objectives were remarkably ,some grease. 1 can put NATO back together similar to his' own. - v • And so, on Friday, to General again, then President Nixon's They did not have to choose de -Gaulle! work in Europe is done tonight. between France and Britain or The general stood waiting Returning from his one-week ' Europe and America, he assured dash around the alliance, Mr. Without a topcoat at Orly, so them.. They would not "'have'to Mr." Nixon, too, stepped coatless Nixon can boast that, as prom- sa'crifice their security- for the t ised, he listened, and as his J into-the Paris chill. The general sake of East-West accord. They , welcomed him without reading hosts everywhere had hoped, he would not be asked to- give up told them precisely what they from the text, so -Mr. Nixon anything more than anyone else, tried to speak from memory most wanted to hear. And when except a little more money now despite his presence they began too, -not quite recalling all the ^and then for mutual defense. They fulsome' tributes he had com- to shout at each other again, he 'should not let every new develop- smiled the polite smile,of the posed to_the great man's vision ment i evoke those underlying • and heroism in history. The embarrassed guest who did not fears. ,, dare to intrude upon ouch French leader clearly led in this If this piychiatriG style counts firs,t encounter, taxing in the passion, i < for anything in American diplo- 1 The President will not hesitate tribute of this visitation, this macy in Europe, then, Bonn is mark of importance, and repay- to proplaim last week's'trip a probably the place where it can; considerable success, largely be- ing it with 'expressions of affec- do the most good. The Germans tion , ffom little old France to cause he designed it so that it were overjoyed—again. They still could not easily fail. There was 1 that jpre-Smineift power across do not like the nuclear nonpro- the sea. to be no search for agreement liferation treaty but" will still sign, on any difficult issue. There was it eventually because Washington In 10 hours of conversations, to be no "lecturing" of old and wants them to. TheyjstHl wish continuing over the weekend, wise friends. There was to be no they had a clearer assignment on Mr. Nixon wanted to forget the retreat from, fnilitary • commit- a functioning allied team, but old "slogans," as he called the ments but 'also no denying the general's obsession with inde- : how could they really fail,to re- need for East-West reconcilia- spond to a traveling Nixon troupe pendence and American domina- tion. Mr. Nixon knew his brief that featured Kissinger and Ehr- tion of the Continent, and the and carried it well. Voild! lichman, Haldeman and Hillen- ' Old "quarrels" that he felt were * He sounded the keynote on brand, Ziegler, Sonnehfeldt and fueled by Washington's energetic Monday before the NATO Coun- Mosbacher? campaigns Against Gaullism in cil in Brussels:' The world had recent years. changed (and Richard Nixon with Some Politicking The general found "joy" in it) i and the ' alliance needed , On to Berlin. A good'place, to the reaffirmation of the old al- something more to do than con- liance and even greater satisfac- taining the Russians. Look at air reassert toughness and flexibility ; and for some Kennedy-style pol- tion jn the extensive discussion pollution and urban congestion, of the Middle East, wherein he for instance. The allies should iticking, like leaping onto the trunk of the car a few tunes. seeks the eminence of big-power advance |heir mastery of tech- status once again. There was nology. They should reassess the Mr. Nixon carried it air off ex- tremely well. not, much pretense of basic Soviet threat and their planned agreement by the two sides but responses. NATO should be less He hoped the Germans' might still negotiate their way out of a good deal of celebration of jof an American monopoly now ' consultation. that Europe is healthy again. the latest row over access to and activities in Berlin. That "failing, Europe should support Washing- The Major Problem ton's negotiations; with Moscow i he warned the Russians not to —and it will,, of course, be con- test his commitment to that iso- Gaullist France was a fitting sulted throughout, as it has not lated city if there was to^be any place to end this tour, a decent b'een in recent years. The Council serious East-West business in the reminder of the central problem members' were terribly pleased. months to come. ' / that \Mr., Nixon chose to mini- All his European hosts won- mize on ttiis one^week flight 'Special Relationship' dered about the new Nixon nego- from crisis. No matter how cor- tiation formulas. What did'h« ^ial the talk with President London was a little more deli- mean by negotiating on> wide de Gaulle, it is still the 'general cate, what with Prime Minister front of issues? And by all tin who -- campaigns vigorously Wilson needing, time last week talk about how progress in one i against American leadership of to keep firing diplomatic salvos bargaining - situation depended the West and against the feder- across the Channel at General de upon progress in another? The ation of Europe that would give Gaulle, with whom" Mr; Nixon President insisted last week that the' Europeans the strength to wanted so much to get along. The he had no "conditions"; for start- play a more independent role in President endorsed the frustrated ., ing .talks on aims control and no the world. British bid for admission to the desire to demand global "pack- 'With Europe sof clearly divid^. Common Market and he 'only age" deals. Biit he did'think that ed, Mr. Nixon cannot do, more wished that: Paris and London; Moscow's good faith had to be than prod it 'fitfully along, as he coujd-learn to talk with his own proved in a general way 'if any begins to work his way toward ,fcind,ofrcivilityi^ »• j specific negotiation was to suc- the higher summit ,'of, negotia- /' The^bld ^speciafrelationship" ceed. By the -time ihey, -reached tion with Moscow,. He- showed Sje^^^B^ril^uvSiHd the -United x last week that he ^oes not yearn States'was immutable, of course, i sunny Romei the^Nixon: summit- teers, were plainly weary. ^The, for .the obedient'alliance of kid but not exclusive. Europe for the .that dung to thef American Europeans, because what's good food is rich; on these ^ protocol bosom^in fear.of the Russians. for Europe is good for th'e United runs, the time 'is shprt.'the'sceije But if Europe will not construct keeps changing, and so does-the ' States. The Americans will'cease its own cohesion it can have to be an overbearing- embarrass- chemical composition of , the only i a .marginal and parochial ment to their British cousins but local water and blood.'Anything influence' on the Soviet-Ameri- will take a more civic-minded in- more than introduction and ex-( can effort to organize the peade. terest again in the old European ploration would be risky indeed , neighborhood. The British were at this pace. * * The ^President promised t'o surprised and pleased. ' Italian political life was- in protect''the Europeans' vital in- To the always nervous West turmoil again last week and Mr. terests 'but he will not refashion Germans in Bonn, the President Nixon knevp that the country'*, them. He turns now to the hard offered' himself as a man ^who attachment to the Western al- issues of military and monetary knew the insecurities that spring liance contributed to the, ten- policy,- and for-all the good style from defeat. Yearning for change sion. He came primarily 'to show and manners he.showed in Eu- in Europe, and simultaneously appreciation for that Ioyalty,-to rope-last week, he cannot be fearing, it, the Germans were ' demonstrate the new couch and anything-here except a diffident treated by the President last week consultation technique and' to Gulliver among the- Lilliputians. to long hours of philosophical ex- prove that even'the'quiet wheels —MAX FRANKEL HEW YORK TIMES, Sunday, 2 March 1969 But Europe Will Aliogys Be Consulted, He Vows ', By HENRY TANNER; Special to The Now York Tlme3 ( PARIS, March'1 —President Nixon today told a group of leading French citizens, and et^atjtitude;1..::-';:;' . ,.. •. presumably President de Gaulle, ;"rsaidvspm&Shadi'advlsed that ho feels it is his. urgent Him;ithat;;Mbsco.yy.:i-.]wanted.''.to duty to exploit Soviet interest egptiate-ie,c^use4t;wasvafiaid| iiers.-:'^said'-?; thatV'S.Mpscbw in talks to reduce the nuclear- .; wanted: ^meie.nte^and/tistlll arms race. ..- • . : ussedvin 'th'e?ipeetrng!betVeen' thers • said' ;that*the iSgbfSurgent; negotiation: race was con n'the Middle-Easl. acute interest be major part of the tli ,, ., ,„.,,. ... ^President's past-posi- '.residents spent In consulta- tions on this matter have been tion'today, i? ' ^ subject tp differing rnterpreta Unity Is Stressed tions ' ' "i Last year, after 18 months o Spokesmen for both'sldes re- hesitation, the Soviet Union a*c mained cautious in their as- cepted a proposal for arm sesment ot, this part Pf the talks from the Johnson Admm talks Mr Vaura, the French istration The talks were sched spokesman, said that Hhere, had uled to be announced in Augusl jeen no "negotiation" on this but were postponed after th ladpomt and that the Presi« Soviet led invasion of Czecho each, others viewpoints *> ' slovaMa. American sources'"' indicated 1 that (there had been no change Campaigns for 'Superiority in the position of the United Mr Nixon, toward the end o States that four-power talks his election campaign had in at the level of the representa sisted that the United State aves to the United Nations maintain a clear "superiority Security council should be in arms More recently he sub leld, but that these talks would stituted the word "sufficiency lave to be preceded by -sub and said he favored talks, bu stantial progress ,m bilateral not until they had been care 1 talks, notably Between the fully prepared and there wer Americans, and Rusians; signs of progress in negotia In his talfc to the 20 private tions on other issues French citizens Mri Nixon American officials haye In stressed the importance of four- aisled all along that the Presi power unity in the Middle JSast dent did not mean"to-attac as a means to induce Israe conditions to the start of arm and the Arabs to seek a nego- talks, but only meant that thei tiated settlement He cautioned success depended on a genera against any attempt to impose display of good faith avsettl'enierit< •>• , '• Today the President - con Mr Nixon was the host a1 firmed this interpretation a' dinner given for Presiden| in addition to telling hi and Madame de Gaulle tonlghi listeners that the United £1—, at the residence of Ambassador attached enormous importanc Sargent Shnver ^ 'jt- * to a limitation of the arm It was the second lime since race, he said that, although his return to power almost 11 was true that the causes o yearse ago that General de world tension were always1 po Gaulle had gone to a foreign htical, a negotiation on limita embassy for dinner, The'Jlra tion of armaments would serv time was for President Heinnch to, reduce . the •, magnitude^ o LtSbke of West Germany, last these'tensions; year. 13 Mar. 1969 X THE HONOURABLE RICHARD M. I^XON fBESIBEKT OF 1HE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 3HE WHITE HOUSE yf"CABliE EMTOBi Hease copy attached text__7 Thant, Secretary-Genesral UNITED NATIONS Press Services Office of Public Information United nations, H.Y. (FOR USE OF INFORMATION. MEDIA — NOT AW OFFICIAL RECORD) Press Release SG/SM/1075 13 March 1969 MESSAGE TO PRESIDENT OFJ3FETED STATES FROM SECRETARY -GMERA.L ON APOLLO 9 MISSION Please accept my wannest congratulations on the successful completion of the Apollo 9 mission, representing one more brilliant achievement in man's peaceful exploration of outer space. Our admiration goes to all who made this feat possible and particularly to the three astronauts, Colonel McDivitt, Colonel Scott and Mr. Sehweickurt, who have so confidently demonstrated man's growing mastery of the techniques that will eventually take him to the moon. I wish them and their colleagues, as well as the teams 6f planners, engineers and technicians involved in this achievement, every success in the great . adventure on which they have embarked. The astonishing progress that has been made in the few short years since the first venture by man to probe space by himself is an impressive measure of man's fast-developing technological • progress and an inspiration to those of us who must remain on earth and grapple with terrestrial and more mundane problems. •*## * WUTEL TSD1 SYK e UttATIOS 62450 BUTI &EWYQRK 152/151 STH PD t3 1322EST s THE HOKOUHABLS RICHARD 51 HIXOB PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE WHITE HOUSE ¥6$HZ8H3TQK, D.C. = PLEASE ACCEPT «Y WARMEST COHGRATULATIONS O^J THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE APOLLO 3 MISSION, REPRESENTING OWE MORE BRILLIANT ACHIEVEMENT' IN MAH'S PEACEFUL EXPLORATION OF OUTER SPACE* OUR ADMIRATION SOES'TO ALL WHO MADE THIS FEAT POSSIBLE A?)B PARTICULARLY TO THE THREE ASTRONAUTS* COLONEL MCDIVITT, COLONEL SCOTT MD MR, SCH^EICKART, WHO ' P2/50 = HAVE SO CONFIDENTLY DEMONSTRATED «AM*S 3RptfIH@ MASTERY OF THE TECHNIQUES THAT WILL EVENTUALLY TAKE HIM TO THE MOOK. I WISH THEM AWD THEIR COLLEAGUES, AS WELL AS THE TEAMS OF PLAHMERS, E^SI^EERS A^D TECHNICIANS INVOLVED IB THIS ACHIEVEWEWT, EVERY SUCCESS IM THE GREAT ADVESTURE OK WHICH THEY HAVE EMBARKED. THE = PS/51 s ' ASTONISHING PROGRESS' THAT HAS BEE23 MADE IM THE FEW SHORT YEARS SIS'JCE THE FIRST VENTURE BY PI AN TO pROBE SPACE BY HIMSELF IS AN IMPRESSIVE MEASURE OF WAN'S FAST-DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS AMD AM INSPIRATION TO THOSE Of US WHO MUST REMAIN QN EARTH AND GRAPPLE WITH TERRESTRIAL AND WEE E1UMBA&SE PROBLEMS = U THAN! * COL 9 + WUTEL T6M 8YK USiATIOM THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE UNITED NATIONS March 27, 1969 Excellency: I have the honor to transmit the following from the President of the Ublted States of America: "Dear Mr. Secretary-General: "On behalf of the people and Government of the Halted States, I thank you for your generous message of congratulations on the successful completion of the Apollo 9 mission. "The pride we take in the courage and skill of the crew of Apollo 9 is the greater for your kind greeting* "Sincerely^ "Richard Nixon" Accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration. Char: Excellency U Biant, Secretary-General of the United nations* © warn T8« SYK® US AT ID B 62450 8 ' WUfEL TSM NYKe a»ATIOM 62450 Vtltl.RX HEWY0RK 123 26 135GEST THE HONOURABLE HIGH ABB M NIXON CHEPGHT BELIVEBY) PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE UHITE HOUSE VA5HI8GTOHDC OftCE AGAIN I WISH TO COM¥EY TO YOU WY WARMEST CONGRATULATIONS On AS! EKTHAORDIiARY ACHIEVEMENT IH~. SPACE ANP A DECISIVE STEP TOWED THE LANDING OF E*IEM OH THE MOON. THE ENTERPRISE, WHICH feJE HAVE TO SQI3E EXTEBT BEER ABLE TO SHftRE THROUGH RADIO AMD TELEVISION \vTITH COLOSEL PS '•;•.• ' AND COBWAB^ER CERNAN, IS A THRILLl»e COtSPOUSD OF GREAT SKILL9 BOUNDLESS COURAGE" AND FABOLOUS TECHNOLOGY. THE TEAMWORK OF THE ASTRONAUTS THEMSELVES AND THEIR COLLEAGUES ON EARTH IS AS IMPRESSIVE FOH ITS PERFECTION AS FOR ITS INFORMALITY AND ITS GREAT GOOD HUiyiOUR« XT IS REFRESHING TO HAVE BEES ABLE TO TUH1S P3/22 FCJR A MOMENT FROM ALL OUH TROUBLES ON EARTH TO THIS MAGNIFICENT SPECTACLE OF BAN'S EXTRAORDINARY CAPACITY FOR ACHIEVEMENT AfJD PEACEFUL' QUEST H THAftT SECRETASMENEm UNITED KATIQ^S Jj ^^ GOL S1L ' : ' WOTE-L TQM ...«- o U»ATIO» 62450 "ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TOs The Secretary-General A: FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-WOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION .AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDS NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMATION In the event that you may wish to send a message of congratulation to President Nixon on the flight of Apollo 10, I am forwarding herewith a draft text for your approval. <£ Date: FROM: 23 May 1969 DE: CR. 13 (11^64) L. Kutakov DRAFT 23 May 1969 MESSAGE TO PRESIDENT OF UNITED STATES FROM SECRETARY-GENERAL ON APOLLO 10 MISSION Once again mankind is a breathless witness to the extraordinary display of human courage and technological resourcefulness. Colonel Thomas P. Stafford, Commander Eugene A. Cernan and Commander John ¥. Young, so valiantly continue the tradition, in their brilliant flight of Apollo 10, of those brave men who preceded them in the effort to extend man's reach beyond the planet earth. I, speaking for all of us who must remain spectators to these remarkable achievements, extend my warmest congratulations on the success of their mission. Man is a step away from placing his foot upon the surface of the moon. That this statement can be made is, in itself, a tremendous tribute to the men and women of many countries involved in the peaceful exploration of outer space. ¥e take heart in the knowledge, that this display of man's ingenuity in conquering the formidable problems of space exploration gives further hope that he will also conquer the problems facing us on earth and mankind, united, will turn its face upwards toward the universe. Send With Smallest'Requesting H(storyioft{ie>Progra[n WORLD ORDERSTRESSED Capitol Response Mixed- Appropriations Chairman - Says Cuts Are Certain Text 0} President's'messaga on {oreign^md, Page 14 ^~ i •> By FELIX BptAJH 3rf Special to The New1 York Times ^ WASHINGTON, May "28 -* President ^Nixon urged Con- gress today to authorize $2 61 billion for economic and mili- tary foreign aid in the year ahead in support of ' a world order of peace and justice 1 The request included $22--- billion \>f economic assistance i to less developed countries and $375 million'in m.ditary*grants to help equip and tram security forces of 48L ^countries ^The President^saidiJje lyould^ask in separate legislation for $273^ millipn to finance credit sales of military weapons and'equip- v ment „ ,4 * , Of thei $2 2 fylhbn. $4<10 mil- lion would go tof South V^et-11 nam f> ^ ,/$ The President's overall^re- quest, fgr the fiscal year'start- ing July 1, is the smaHestrin-.the"' history tipf the aid "programJit" is $1,38 million Jess, than Pre.SA~ dent Johnson, "allowed in^JH^ Budget Message yn -'Januanf But it is, $900 million, more > than was Appropriated by1 Con- gress last year *' ' ] , MahraiForesegg Cui^, 'Tfus'facfl and^ttietitoospher^ of budget struigencj^ that "the President has promoted at'the Capitol produced a jmxed re- sponse -in the House and Sen- ate when his special message was read shortly after noon Representative George VH Mahon, chairman of the Housa Appropriations Committee, said the question was not*whether the r President's ''request would be cut "butiowmuchi Ha,paid it was too sooa to. suggest how deep the culrwould^go'^ 'The House Republican lead- er, Gerald R Eord qfc .Michi- gan,i, enfiorsed the '"thrpst" of the President's message but said, "I take'jno position on the dollar amount" He a.dded, 'We canjnaie a, judgment 'on the funds requested only on the basis of 'suppoiftme data " Corporation Proposed Representative £ Ross Adair, Republican foS Indiana, pre^ dieted that the economic aid quest would.be reduced ''fain ly substantially," Mr Adair, who has never voted for a for- eign aid bill, became the rank-, ing minority memhei; of- SttdUl to Tht Men VHrei Times critical importance of releas- For .military assistance,,-the WASHINGTON, May 28— ing the brakes on .develop- proposed budget includes ment caused by low agricul- $375-million, the same as in Continued'From Page 1, Cot: 8 Following is the text of the tural productivity. the January budget. Mainte- niessage on foreign aid sent A few years agp, mass nance of a climate of inter- relopment activities in less-de- to Congress today by Presi- starvation within 'a decade national security still calls velope'd countries. dent Nixon: seemed clearly possible in for military strength suffi- cient to deter aggression.' The'corp'oration would oper- Americans have for many many poor nations. Today ate much the -same' investment years debated the issues of they stand at least - on the Seventy-seven per cent of the threshold of a dramatic total amount available for . guarantee.program that.is now foreign aid largely in terms breakthrough in food produc- the military assistance pro- Conducted by =the • Agency' for of our own national self- tion. The combination of the gram will be allocated to four nternational -Development 'in 11 interest. .new "miracle seeds' for of our long-standing allies— nsuring private United States Koreai The Republic of China, Certainly our efforts to wheat and rice, aid-financed nvestment "capital -against loss help nations feed millions of ' fertilizer, improved cultiva- Turkey' and Greece. The bal- their poor help avert violence tion practices, and construc- ance of the request will be rom political as well-as normal and upheaval that would be tive agriculture policies used to provide modest msiness • risks.' • dangerous to peace. shows what is possible. They amounts -of training and- Six-of the corporation's'-11 Certainly our military as- also demonstrate the poten- equipment to 44 other coun- directors, including its presi- sistance to allies helps main- tial for success when foreign tries/where our security and dent, would be appointed 'by tain a world in which we aid, foreign private invest- foreign policy interests • are ourselves are more secure. ment and domestic resources partially met by -this base the President from the business Certainly our economic aid in developing countries .join agreement with Spain. If community. The other directors to developing nations helps together in a concerted at- these negotiations succeeed, would come from within the develop our potential mar- tack on poverty. we shall then need to request Government. •• • " • kets overseas. an amendment to this au- And certainly our technical The experience of this dec- thorization asking for addi- The proposed corporation is ade- has also shown that designed to process insurance assistance puts down roots lower rates of population tional funds to cover our of respect and friendship for growth can be critical for year's needs for Spain. applications more rapidly than the United States in the court speeding up economic devel- The United States will con- at present and, with supple of world opinion. opment and social progress. tinue to provide military as- mentary technical assistance; to These are all sound, prac- An increasing number of. sistance from the U.S. armed make insurable projects of some tical reasons for our foreign countries have adopted na- services budget to Vietnam, investment proposals that A.I.D aid programs. • Laos and Thailand. But they do not do justice tional family planning pro- cannot now consider," ',- to our fundamental character grams to attack the problem. I am also asking in sepa- and purpose. There is a moral At $east another decade of rate legislation for $275-mil- Technical Assistance quality in this nation that United Press International sustained hard work will be lion for credit necessary, to •The.-Einyesfment . corporation will not permit us to dose Dr. John A. Hannah, foreign aid administrator, briefing needed if we are to win the facilitate the purchase of es-i aside; "the • chief' difference-.be- newsmen on President Nixon's request in Washington, battle: between'economic de- sential military equipment by ; our eyes to the want in this velopment and population.,. countries now able to buy afi tweenjthe Nixon Administra- world* or to remain indif- or a growing part1 of their' tion program* and those, of fits ferent when the freedom and give new' direction to U.S. pie and can reflect historical But our assistance to volun- Democratici'-'.predecessbrs-• was security of others are in private investment abroad. tary family .planning pro- defense requirements. These;, tha emphaslsiit placed-.:on tech -'danger; political ties. grams and support for the funds will be returned to" As such it will provide new But assistance through nical:. assistance:V:programsi. a '•'\^e.-should not be self-con- focus to our foreign assist- work of the United Nations the United States, during-the the expensec'of '••long-term - capi international development and other international or- next few years as' -the: pur-- tal loans. .,:'.;.' .-,' Jscjpijs.-'mbout this. Our record ance effort. banks and the United Nations ganizations in this field must chasing countries meet their : :V t-pf generosity and concern for Simultaneously, I propose is approaching a fifth' of continue to have high prior- replayment obligations. .-- Some, i-of .'the v-loan' .mone '. pur fellow men, expressed in a mandate for the Agency for total worldwide aid for de- "ity, as will our support of would be'usBd.ioifctechfflcal)as ^concrete terms unparalleled International Development to PLANNING FOR THE 70'S. sistance,. and Mr,- .Nixon/request tin- the, world's history, has velopment -and - should be efforts to increase food pro- direct a growing part of its expanded.-, Multilateral pro- duction. I believe these proposals ed • that: technical assistant shelped make the American capital, technical and advis- money ,be:-authorized forV'hvo, Experience unique. We have grams cushion political fric- Another important lesson for fiscal year 1970'are sound ory assistance to improving tions between donors and is that -our aid programs —and necessary, - to make years. jnstead>.'of' a'• single ^year '/shown the world that a great opportunities for local pri- recipients and bring the expe- clearly desirable ; -improve- -^nation must also be a good vate enterprise in developing need better means of con- 'nation. We are- doing what rience of many i nations to tinuous management inspec- ments in our foreign aid -pro-: "It -was; clear --from; 'the-line s is right to do. countries—on farms as well bear on the development tion. We are creating a new gram.. sageithat therb" ulk of-Jtechnica as in commerce and industry. problem. Moreover, they ex- position of auditor-general But we need to learn jnore assistance-funds; wouldigoifb: A FRESH APPROACH We do not insist that de-' plicitly require shared con- in the Agency for Interna- about the role which foreign agricultural development/: edu tributions among the ad- cation.- .and - Healthy including This Administration has in- velopmg countries imitate the tional Development. His job assistance can play .'in the ! tensively examined our pro- American system. Each nation vanced nations. This calls will be to make sure that development process, and the faBuIy.lplanuing.;': .'- -;. j;Vu i: must fashion its own institu- for funds in addition to those A.LD.'s funds are used for relationship between develop^ The' total requested 'fpf.tech grams of foreign aid. We tions to,its own needs. But which I am proposing today. have measured them against their- intended purpose and ment and over-all U.S. for- nical assistance in. 'the'tNixot:: n the goals of our policy and progress has been greatest I -appreciate the prompt that A.LD.'s operations are eign policy. program is $463-rnilliony >Thi the goad of our conscience. where governments have en- response by the Congress to managed as' tightly and effi-. I am therefore establishing consists, of $224.5-millian-:OUl couraged private enterprise, my earlier proposal author- ciently as possible. He will side Latin 'America, :$tl6-mil Our review is continuing, but released bureaucratic con- a task force' of private citi- we have come to this central izing the United States t1o report directly to the A.I.D. zens to make a comprehen- lion through -the Allianee''.\fo ^conclusion: trols, stimulated competition join with others in the sec -- administration. sive review of the entire Progress/aud $12_2.6rmillion'Jfp and allowed maximum oppor- ond replenishment of the the .United--Nations, -develop |" June 5, 1969 Excellency: I have the honor to transmit the following message from the President of the United States of America: "Dear Mr. Secretary-General: "I greatly appreciate your kind message on the successful flight of Apollo 10. On behalf of all those who worked to make the mission a success, I thank you for your thoughtfulness. "Sincerely, "Richard Nixon" Accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration. His Excellency U Thant, Se ere tary-General of the United Nations. IM-355V593 UBATI0B WUT-I6 HIS EXCELLESCY HS. RICHARD M. MIXQi PRESIDENT OF THE USITED STATES OF AMERICA THE WHITE HOUSE- WASHINGTON, O.C, IKE FIRST LASDIS6 OF &Eft OM THE KQG& IS AH HISTORIC A»L« INSPIRING EVENT FOR Ail fJANKISJ)* It LIFTS CUR EYES FOR A HOMEfJT FfHW OUR TROUBLES AKD CARES HEK£ Of: EAfcTH A Si- SIVLS uS A QLIMPS-E OF ¥HAt IMS, AT HIS BEST, OAK DO. I EARNESTLY KfPE THAI, IIHATEVEH P2 ' • FART OF THE &OELB ¥E I^AY COfiE FROfS, WE CA;v ALL TAKE IKSPl^/uIOSi FROW THIS SHAM) ACHIEyE^IEST AMD FACE CUR FUTURE HERE Of: EAMh WITH H£ME¥EB. HOPS AftSD A^ EWKAWCED FEELING OF OUR BASIC SOLIDARITY AS FELLO¥ INHABITANTS. OF THIS PLAfvET.' PAriA I * I5H 1C CONVEY TO YOU, Wft. PRESI&EWT, P3 ••'•- • • AMD TMBOliSK YC5J TO THE ASTRONAUTS, NEIL ft?I5STr;C'Na, iD/I ; ALLr.I:- ASD-HICHAEL" COLL Iff Sf TO THEIR FAMILIES, 1C ALL THOSE a HO ^AD£ IHEIK VOYASE POSSIBLE A«B TO THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED 5TATES, MY iAH^EST COW8?^ATyLAlIOMS A«G SCOD WISHES, I?-; THE RELIEF *HICH WE ALL FEEL AT THE SAFE HETUnfc .P4/SO - OF APOLLO ELE^E^j WE CAW, Ail OF US, ALSO F£Ei FRCUi) OF A &ASSIFICEBT FEAT Of K0^AH 1NGEKUITY Afi» COURAGE. U THA8T SEC8ETARY-SERERAL U»ITED MATIOMS SOL CRX> * CLR -@ WUTEL ISM TO UKAT 10» €2450 THE DEPUTY REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE UNITED NATIONS July 25, 1969 Excellency: s* I have the honor to transmit the following message from the President of the United States of America: "Dear Mr. Secretary-General: "On behalf of the people of the United States and especially Astronauts Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins, I thank you for sharing your kind thoughts on the manned lunar landing. This flight has added a new dimension to human experience. Let us hope it will also usher in an era of increasingly fruitful international understanding and cooperation. "Sincerely, "Richard Nixon" Accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration. William B. Buff urn His Excellency U Thant, Sec retary-Gene ral of the United Nations. UHITED NATIONS Press Services Office of Public Information United Nations, H.Y. (FOE USE OF INFOBMATION MEDIA -- WOT AET OFFICIAL EECOED) Press Release SG/SM/1135 2k July 1969 MESSAGE FROM SECRETARY-GENERAL TO PRESIDENT OF UNITED STATES OH RETURN OF APOLLO 11 FEOM THE MOON The first landing of men on the moon is an historic and inspiring event for all mankind. It lifts our eyes for a moment from our troubles and cares here on earth and gives us a glimpse of what man, at his best, can do. I earnestly hope that, whatever part of the world we may come from, we can all take inspiration from this grand achievement and face our future here on earth with renewed hope and an enhanced feeling of our basic solidarity as fellow inhabitants of this planet. I wish to convey to you, Mr. President, and through you to the astronauts, Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin and Michael Collins, to their families, to all those who made their voyage possible and to the people of the United States, my warmest congratulations and good wishes. In the relief which we all feel at the safe return of Apollo 11, we can, all of us, also feel proud of a magnificent feat of human ingenuity and courage. * *•** Frotoeol assd 17 S^pteoiber 1969 KlQgRAMMS FOR THE VISIT 0? H.E. MU RICHARD «. NZXQN, EB1SI21SHT 0? 2SB TJBOT5D STRESS OP AMBBICA TO KEABQWAB3ES® OS 13 SOTSfflBR 11.10 a«ffl. H.Eo th© ItesiSesxtial group will arrive at the Delegates' ha will be net outside the ag Tsg- 2&?0 Sinan A Chief of Protoe®!9 and Tfeited nationals: J. 3. Mr. B. ba in atfceatoaee the party vUl go sp«;ial to into tbe th® will go up the ts tfc® Gassssal lagr the of of tbd GtaBsral oatnasee of GA-SOO and vill eident of tte vill ttoea retiuns to .50 aoS. At tfes G&i®f «f Pswtceol vill aecort Hoi. to tte to of Pg^tossl, H.S. the President viH a 10 t® 35 v£th tba Araaideit of At tliis iat«r?l«w H.E« tit® office of tSte Ssepetaary- a botsr IS, ^5 pQsa. H«£ vill be escorted %QT I3ts to oat of to ^@ Fg©0idsot«8 waiting ear, 12.50 p.a. H.E. tfes viH dspart UNITED NATIONS Press Services Office of Public Information United Nations, W.Y. (FOR USE OF INFORMATION MEDIA ~ NOT AN OFFICIAL RECORD) Note No. 3555 17 September 1969 NOTE TO CORRESPONDENTS President Richard M. Nixon of the United States will pay an official visit to United Nations Headquarters on Thursday, 18 September, when he will address the General Assembly. President Nixon and party will arrive at the Delegates' Entrance at 11:10 a.m., where they will be met by the Chief of Protocol, Sinan A. Korle. The Secretary-General, U Thant, accompanied by four Under-Secretaries- General, who are United States nationals — Ralph J. Bunche, Paul G. Hoffman, Henry R. Labouisse and David B. Vaughan — will meet the President inside the Delegates' Entrance lobby. The Secretary-General and the Under-Secretaries-General will accompany the President to the Assembly President's office behind the podium of the General Assembly. At the same time, Mrs. Nixon and other members of the party will be escorted to the General Assembly Hall by the Assistant Chief of Protocol, Mohamed Tabiti. Miss Angie Brooks, the President of the General Assembly, will greet the President at the entrance to her office behind the General Assembly Hall and escort him into the office. The Assembly President and the Secretary-General will then return to their seats on the podium. At 11:JO a.m. President Nixon will be escorted by the Chief of Protocol to the podium, and he will then address the Assembly. Following the end of his address at 12:05 p.m., the President will return to the executive offices behind the podium, where he will confer for 10 to 15 minutes with the President of the General Assembly. The President will then be escorted to the adjacent office of the Secretary- General, with whom he will meet for half an hour. At 12:^5 p.m., the President and the Secretary-General will be escorted by the Chief of Protocol to the Delegates' Entrance. The President and party will depart from United Nations Headquarters at 12:50 p.m. # V UNITED STATES MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS 799 UNITED NATIONS PLAZA PRESS RELEASE "" ^- " 10°" YUkon 6-2424 FOR WIRE TRANSMISSION UNTIL 9t30 a.m. EDT SEPT. 18, 1969 (1330 GMT) EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY AT 11:15 a.m. EDT (1515 GMT) Office of the White House Press Secretary - (New York., New York) THE WHITE HOUSE TEXT OF THE ADDRESS BY PRESIDENT. RICHARD NIXON TO THE 24th SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE UNITED NATIONS Madam President, Mr. Secretary General, Distinguished Foreign Ministers and Delegates — and my fellow citizens of the world community: There is no nobler destiny, nor any greater gift one age could make to the ages that follow, than to forge the key to a lasting peace. In this great Assembly, the desirability of peace needs no affirma- tion. The methods of achieving it are what so greatly challenge our courage, our intelligence and our discernment. Surely if one lesson above all rings resoundingly among the many shattered hopes in this world, it is that good words are no substitute for hard deeds, and noble rhetoric is no guarantee of noble results. We might describe peace as a process embodied in a structure. For centuries, peace was the absence of war and stability was the absence of change. -more- -2- EMBARGOED FOR WIRE TRANSMISSION UNTIL 9:30 a.m. EDT SEPT. 18, 1969 (1330 GMT) EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY AT 11:15 a.m. EDT (1515 GMT) But in today's world, there can be no stability without change —• so that peace becomes a continuing process of creative evolution. It is no longer enough to restrain war. Peace must also embrace progress — both in satisfying man's material needs and in fulfilling his spiritual needs. The test of the structure of peace is that it ensure for each nation the integrity of its borders, its right to develop in peace and safety, and its right to determine its own destiny without outside intervention. As long as we live with the threat of aggression, we need physical restraints to contain it. But the truest peace is based on self restraint — on the voluntary acceptance of those basic rules of behavior that are rooted in mutual respect and demonstrated in mutual forebearance. The more closely the world community adheres to a single standard in judging international behavior, the less likely that standard is to be violated. ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES I am well aware that many nations have questions about the world role of the United States in the years ahead — about the nature and extent of our future contribution to the structure of peace. Let me address those doubts quite candidly. In recent years, there has been some criticism here in the United States of the scope and the results of our international commitments. This trend, however, has not been confined to the United States alone* In many countries we find a tendency to withdraw from responsibilities! to leave the world's often frustrating problems to the other fellow and hope for the best. As for the United States, I can state here today without qualifica- tion: We have not turned away from the world. We know that with power goes responsibility. We are neither boastful of our power, nor apologetic about it. We recognize that it existsj and that as well as conferring certain advantages, it also imposes upon us certain obligations. As the world changes, the pattern of those responsibilities changes. -more- -3- EMBARGOED FOR WIRE TRANSMISSION UNTIL 9:30 A.M. EDT,SEPT. 18, 1969 (1330 GMT) EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY AT 11:15 A.M. (1515 GMT) At the end of World War II, the United States for the first time in history assumed the major responsibility for world peace. We were left in 19^5 as the one nation with sufficient strength to contain the new threats of aggression., and with sufficient wealth and industrial capacity to help the injured nations back to their feat. For much of the world, those first difficult postwar years were a time of dependency. The next step was toward independence, as new nations were born and old nations revived. Now we are maturing together into a new pattern of inter-dependence. It is against this background that we have been urging other nations to assume a greater share of responsibility for their own security, both individually and together with their neighbors. The great challenge now is to enlist the cooperation of many nations in preserving peace and enriching life. This cannot be done by American edict, or by the edict of any other nation. It must reflect the concepts and the wishes of those nations themselves. The history of the postwar period teaches that nationalism can be dangerously disruptive — or powerfully creative. Our aim is to encourage the creative forms of nationalisms to join as partners where our partnership is appropriate, and where it is wanted, but not to let a U.S. presence substitute for independent national effort or infringe on national dignity and pride. It is not my belief that the way to peace is by giving up our friends or letting down our allies. On the contrary, our aim is to place America's international commitments on a sustainable, long-term basis,to encourage local and regional initiatives, to foster national independence and self-sufficiency, and by so doing to strengthen the total fabric of peace* We do not pretend that the United States has no national interests of its own, or no special concern for its own interests. However, our most fundamental national interest is in maintaining that structure of international stability on which peace depends, and which makes orderly progress possible. -more- -4- EMBARGOED FOR WIRE TRANSMISSION UNTIL 9:30 A.M. EDT, SEPT, l83 1969 (1330 GMT) EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY AT 11:15 A.M. EDT (1515 GMT) TOWARD PEACE IN VIETNAM Since I took office as President, no single question has occupied so much of my time and energy as the search for an end to the war in Vietnam — an end fair to the people of South Vietnam, fair to the people of North Vietnam3 and fair to those others who would be affected by the outcome. We in the United States want an end to the war, and we are ready to take every reasonable step to achieve it. But let there be no question on this one fundamental point: in good conscience we cannot, in the long-term interests of peace we will not, accept a settlement that would arbitrarily dictate the political future of South Vietnam and deny to the people of South Vietnam the basic right to determine their own future free of outside interference. As I put it in my address to the American people last May, "What the United States wants for South Vietnam is not the important thing. What North Vietnam wants for South Vietnam is not the important thing. What is important is what the people of South Vietnam want for South Vietnam. To secure this right — and to secure this principle — is our one limited but fundamental objective. Both in public and at the Paris talks, we have offered a number of proposals which would bring peace and provide self-determination. We are ready to consider any other proposals that have the same objective. The missing ingredient so far has been the willingness of the other side to talk on any terms other than those that would pre-determine the result and deny the right of self-determination to the people of South Vietnam. Once that willingness exists, and once there is a genuine willingness by the other side to reach agreement, the practical solutions can readily be found. This makes it urgent that the UN members who have long taken an active interest in peace in Vietnam now take an active hand in achieving it. Many urged that if only we halted our bombing of the North, peace would follow. Nearly a year has passed since the bombing of the North was stopped. Three months have passed since we began the process of troop replacement, signaling both our own genuine desire for a settlement and the increased readiness of the South Vietnamese to manage their own defense. As I announced on Tuesday, by December 15 our troop strength in Vietnam will have been reduced by a minimum of 60^000 men. -more- -5- EMBARGOED FOR WIRE TRANSMISSION UNTIL 9:30 A.M. EDT, SEPT. 18, 1969 (1330 OWT) EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY AT 11:15 A.M. EDT (1515 GMT) On September 2, 1969, North Vietnam's chief negotiator in Paris said that if the United States committed itself to the principle of totally withdrawing its forces from South Vietnam, and if it withdrew a significant number of troops, Hanoi would take this into account. I repeat here today that we are prepared to withdraw all our forces. The replacement of 60,000 troops is a significant step. The time has come for the other side to respond to these initiatives, The time has come for peace. In the name of peace, I urge all of you here — representing 126 nations — to use your best diplomatic efforts to persuade Hanoi to move seriously into the negotiations which could end this war. The steps we have taken have been responsive to views expressed in this room. We hope that views from this organization may now also be influential in Hanoi. If these efforts are successful, the war can end. The people of Vietnam, North and South alike, have demonstrated heroism enough to last a century. They have endured an unspeakable weight of suffering. They deserve a better future. When the war ends, the United States will stand ready to help the people of Vietnam — all of them — in their tasks of renewal and reconstruc- tion. When peace does come at last to Vietnam, it can truly come with healing in its wings. AN ERA OF NEGOTIATION In relations between the United States and the various Communist powers, I have said we should move from an era of confrontation to an era of negotiation. I believe our relations with the Soviet Union can be conducted in a spirit of mutual respect, recognizing our differences and also our right to differ; recognizing our divergent interests, and also our common interests; recognizing the interests of our respective allies as well as our own. It would be idle to pretend that there are not major problems be- tween us, and conflicting interests. The tensions of the past 30 years have not been caused by personal misunderstanding. This is why we have indicated the need for extended negotiations on a broad front of issues. -more- -5- EMBARGOED FOR WIRE TRANSMISSION UNTIL 9;30 A.M. EOT, SEPT. 18, 1969 (1330 GMT) EMBARGO FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY AT 11:15 A.M. EDT (1515 GMT) Already, as you know, we have had extensive consultations with the Soviet Union as well as with others about the Middle East, where events of the past few days point up anew the urgency of a stable peace. The United States continues to believe that the UN cease-fire resolutions define the minimal conditions that must prevail on the ground if settlement is to be achieved. We believe the Security Council resolution of November, 1967, charts the way to that settlement. A peace, to be lasting, must leave no seeds of a future war. It must rest on a settlement which both sides have a vested interest in maintaining. We seek a settlement based on respect for the sovereign right of each nation to exist within secure and recognized boundaries. We are convinced that peace cannot be achieved on the basis of substantial alterations in the map of the Middle East. We are equally convinced that peace cannot be achieved on the basis of anything less than a binding, irrevocable commitment by the parties to live together in peace. Failing a settlement, an agreement on the limitation of the ship- ment of arms to the Middle East might help to stabilize the situation. We have indicated to the Soviet Union, without result, our willingness to enter such discussions. In addition to our talks on the Middle East, we hope soon to begin talks with the Soviet Union on the limitation of strategic arms. There is no more important task before us. The date we propose for the opening of talks has passed for lack of response. We remain ready to enter negotiations. Since the United States first proposed strategic arms talks three years ago, the task of devising an effective agreement has become more difficult. The Soviet Union has been vigorously expanding its strategic forces; weapons systems themselves have become more sophisticated and more destructive. But as the difficulty of the talks increases, so too does their importance. Though the issues are complex, we are prepared to deal with them seriously, concretely and purposefully -- and to make a determined effort not only to limit the build-up of strategic arms, but to reverse it. -more- -7- EMBARGOED FOR WIRE TRANSMISSION UNTIL 9:30 A.M. EDT, SEPT. l8a 1969 (1330 GMT) EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY AT 11:15 A.M. EDT (1515 GMT) Meanwhile^ I want to affirm our support for arms control proposals which we hope the Geneva conference will place before this Assembly with regard to the seabed and to chemical and bacterio- logical weapons. We hope also that the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty will soon enter into force. We should be under no illusion^ however j, that arms control will in itself bring peace. Wars are fought by soldiers3 but declared by politicians. Peace also requires progress on those stubbornly persistent political questions that still divide the world — and it requires other exchanges not only of words but of deeds., that can gradually weave a fabric of mutual trust. We intend to conduct our negotiations with the Soviet Union soberly and seriously., neither encumbered by prejudice nor blinded by sentimentality,, seeking to reach agreements rather than to make propaganda. Whenever the leaders of Communist China choose to abandon their self-imposed isolation., we are ready to talk with them in the same frank and serious spirit. PEACE-KEEPING AND PEACE-BUILDING For nearly a quarter of a century,, the UN has struggled with the often thankless tasks of peace-keeping. As we look to the future3 however3 keeping the peace is only part of our task. We also must concentrate on building the peace. Let us be candid. There are many differences among the great powers3 as well as among others3 which as realists we know cannot be resolved quickly. But we also know there are five areas in particular of great concern to us all with regard to which there should be no national differences., in which our interests are common and on which there should be unanimity. These are: — Securing the safety of international air travel. — Encouraging of voluntary service. -- Fostering economic development and population control. — Protecting our threatened environment. -- Exploring the frontiers of space. -more- -8- EMBARGOED FOR WIRE TRANSMISSION UNTIL 9:30 A.M. EDT, SEPT. 18, 1969 (1330 GMT) EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY AT ll:lb A.M. IDT.(l515 GMT) I. By any standards, aircraft hijackings are morally, politically, and legally indefensible. The Tokyo Convention has now been brought into force, providing for prompt release of passengers, crew and aircraft. Along with other nations, we also are working on a new convention for the punishment of hijackers. But neither of these conventions can be fully effective without cooperation! sky piracy cannot be ended as long as the pirates receive asylum. I urge the United Nations to give high priority to this matter. The issue transcends politics^ there is no need for it to become the sub- ject of polemics or a focus of political differences. It involves the interests of every nation, the safety of every air traveler, and the integrity of that structure of order on which a world community depends. II. The creative, dynamic kind of peace I have spoken of, of course, requires more than such basic protections. To build this kind of peace, we must join together in building our societies — in raising a great cathedral of the spirit, which celebrates the infinite possibilities of man himself. Such a peace requires a fuller enlistment not only of government re- sources, and of private enterprise resources, but also of the dedi- cation and skill of those thousands of people all over the world who are ready to volunteer in the cause of human advancement. Our own Peace Corps has helped in many countries. I especially welcome the consideration the UN itself is now giving to establishment of an International Volunteer Corps. We stand ready to give this exciting new venture our full and enthusiastic cooperation. III. As the UN looks toward the beginning of its Second Development Decade, it faces a time of enormous challenge and enormous opportu- nity. We can only guess at the new scientific discoveries the 70fs may bring, but we can see with chilling clarity the gap that already exists between the world's developed and its developing economies — and the urgent need for international cooperation in spurring eco- nomic development. If, in the course of the Second Development Decade, we can make both significant gains in food production and significant reductions in the rate of population growth, we shall have opened the way to a new era of splendid prosperity. If we do only one without the other, we shall be standing still. If we fail in both, great areas of the world will face human disaster. -more- -9- EMBARGOED FOR WIRE TRANSMISSION UNTIL 9:30 A.M. EDT, SEPT. 18, 1969 (1330 GMT) EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY AT 11:15 A.M. EDT (1515 GMT) IV. Increasingly, the task of protecting man's environment is a matter of international concern. Pollution of air and water, upsetting the balance of nature — these are not only local problems, and not only national problems, but matters that affect the basic relationship of man to his planet. The United Nations already is planning a conference on the environment in 1972. I pledge the strong support of the United States for that effort. I hope that even before then we can launch new international initiatives toward restoring the balance of nature, and maintaining our world as a healthy and hospitable place for man. V. Of all man's great enterprises, none lends itself more logically or more compellingly to international cooperation than the venture into space. Here, truly, mankind is as one: as fellow creatures from the planet Earth, exploring the heavens that all of us share. The journey of Apollo 11 to the moon and back was not an end, but a beginning. There will be new journeys of discovery. Beyond this, we are just beginning to comprehend the benefits space technology can yield here on earth. But the potential is enormous. For example, we now are developing earth resource survey satellites, with the first experimental satellite to be launched sometime early in the decade of the 1970's. Present indications are that these should be capable of yielding data which could assist in as widely varied tasks as the location of schools of fish, the location of mineral deposits and the health of agricultural crops. I feel it is only right that we should share both the adventures and the benefits of space. As an example of our plans, we have determined to take these five actions with regard to earth resource satellites, as this program proceeds and fulfills its promise: — The earth resource satellite program will be dedicated to producing information not only for the United States, but also for the world community. — We shall support the convening of a series of international symposia for reports on the work in progress in this field and on projections of future possibilities --We shall cooperate in the establishment of international information centers to broaden dissemination of satellite data. -more- -ID- EMBARGOED FOR WIRE TRANSMISSION UNTIL 9:30 A.M. EOT, SEPT, 18, 1969 (1330 GMT) EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY AT 11:15 A.24. EER (1513 GMT) — We are prepared to work with other nations and specialized agencies in developing educational and training opportunities to meet future needs for specialists, especially in the use of earth resource satellite data. -- We shall consider specific international arrange- ments for handling the data needs of other nations and specialized agencies. We will be putting proposals to this effect before the United Nations. These are among the positive, concrete steps we intend to take toward internationalizing man's epic ventures into space — an adventure that belongs not to one nation, but to all mankind, and one that should be marked not by rivalry, but by the same spirit of fraternal cooperation that so long has been the hallmark of the international community of science, A survey of history might discourage those who seek to establish peace. But we have entered a new age, different not only in degree but in kind from any that has gone before. For the first time evers we have become a single world community. For the first time ever, we have seen the staggering fury of the power of the universe unleashed, and we know that we hold that power in precarious harness. For the first time ever, technological advance has brought within reach what once was only a poignant dream for hundreds of millions -- freedom from hunger and freedom from want. For the first time ever, we have seen changes in a single lifetime that dwarf the achievements of centuries — and that continue to accelerate. For the first time ever, man has stepped beyond his planet — and revealed us to ourselves as "riders on the Earth together," bound -over- -11- EMBARGOED FOR WIRE TRANSMISSION UNTIL 9:30 A.M. EOT, SEPT. 18, 1969 (1330 GMT) EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY AT 11:15 A.M. EDT (1515 GMT) inseparably on this one brights beautiful speck in the heavens, so tiny in the universe and so incomparably welcoming as a home for man. In this new age of historic "firsts,"1 even the goal of a just and lasting peace is a "first" we can dare to strive for. We must achieve it. And I believe we can achieve it. In that spirit, then, let us press toward an open world — a world of open doors, open hearts9 open minds -- a world open to the exchange of ideas and of people, and open to the reach of the human spirit — a world open in its search for truth, and unconcerned with the fate of old dogmas and old isms --a world open at last to the light of justice, and reason, and to the achievement of that true peace which the people of every land carry in their hearts and celebrate in their hopes. .# * # She Seeretary-Seneral of the United Nations wishes 'to draw the attention of the Resident of the United States of America to a statter ^Meb it had "been expected would be solved many years ago and which has gradually aeepired increasing isqportanee to the Organisation ant its 8erab 18 September 1969 UNITED NATIONS WBE$ NATIONS UNIES CONSTANT1N A. STAVROPOULOS 24 Sept. SG. This is a copy of the letter Mr. Blatchford will hand to you at 5:30, US Mission is putting it out as a press release. September 24, 1969 Dear Mr. Secretary General: Thank you for meeting with our Peace Corps repre- sentatives who are serving abroad. Your deep commitment to world peace and to economic, social and human development is an example to these fine Americans, and to the thousands of Volunteers they represent. I am sure you will find that they share many of your goals, especially your thought that we must "channel the idealism of our young people" into an international effort against injustice and poverty. As we approach the United Nations' second development decade, I find appropriate and encouraging the international interest in volunteer service which is reflected in the recent significant resolutions of the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council. I am deeply pleased that the United Nations is now studying the possibilities of an International Volunteer Corps, for if Volunteers of the world can work together, the vision of development has become less distant and the promise of peace will move closer to reality. In keeping with this Administration's dedication to international cooperation and development, the Peace Corps, under the direction of Mr. Joseph Blatchford, is under- taking a number of new initiatives, including a commitment to the concept of International Voluntary Service. Guiding its new directions is the conviction that the developing countries themselves must take part in their own human development through the formation of their own voluntary organizations. To help achieve these goals the Peace Corps His Excellency U Thant Secretary General of the United Nations United Nations, New York 1001? 2. will seek to send abroad more technically skilled Volunteers, along with the traditional generalists; it will persist in efforts to develop the concept of exchange voluntary programs and will look to host country leadership in the development of Peace Corps activities. The vast number of people of all ages who wish to offer their goodwill, skills and idealism as Volunteers must be given the chance to do so, and the participation of the United Nations toward this goal merits the highest commendation. I wish you success and assure our full cooperation in this most important effort. Sincerely, /s/ Richard Nixon Africa Bravinder, Keith H. Botswana Long Beach, California Born: 1/3/38 Education: MA-65 Univ. of Calif., LA Experience: 7/68 - Present PC Dir-Botswana 12/66 - 7/68 Dep. PC Dir-Malawi 11/65 - 12/66 Assoc. PC Dir-Malawi 9/64 - 9/65 Teacher,PC Traing., UCLA 7/62 - 7/64 PC Volunteer-Ethiopia 2/62 - 6/62 Teacher, LaVerne,Calif. 9/61 - 2/62 Student Teacher, Ontario, Calif. 9/60 - 1/62 Graduate Student 3/60 - 9/60 USAF Reserve 9/59 - 2/60 Office Worker, Clare- raont, Calif.•-**^ Gavmon, William E. Cameroon Silver Spring, Maryland Born: 11/11/29 Bryn Mawr, Pa. Education: PhD-64 Temple University Experience: 7/69 - Present PC Dir.Designate- Cameroon •7/67 - 7/69 PC Dir-Liberia 3/66 - 7/67 Psychologist (PC) 6/65 - 3/66 FAO,Puerto Rico, PC 3/6,5 - 6/65 Prof, Lincoln Univ., Pa. 1963 - 1965 Lecturer,Penn.St.Univ. Summer 1964 FAO,PC Kansas St.Univ. 9/58 - 6/61 Graduate Asst.,Temple University 6/56 - 9/58 Research Psychologist, Nav.Res. Lab., D. C. 9/55 - 6/65 Grad.Asst.,Howard Univ. 1953 - 1955 Human Eng.Off.,USAF 9/52 - 8/53 Student, Howard Univ. 7/51 - 9/52 Clerk, USMC Theisen, Arthru A. Cameroon Richland, Washington Born: 11/15/31 Luxenbourg, Germany Education: PhD-66 Univ. of Giessen, Germany Experience: 6/69 - Present Act. PC Dir-Cameroon 3/68 - 6/69 Dep. PC Dir-Cameroon 10/66 - 3/68 Asst. Profess., Oregon State University 3/66 - 9/66 Research Fellow, Tropen Institute, Giessen, Germany 12/61 - 3/66 Soil Mineralogist, Kenya Gov't., Res. Lab. 6/57 - 9/61 Instructor, Oregon State University Steedman, Charles Chad Chevy Chase, Maryland Born: 8/3/35 Providence, R.I. Education: B.A.-57 Harvard Univ. Experience: 11/68 - Present PC Dir-Chad 3/68 - 11/68 Dept. Chief, French Africa Division, PC/W 6/66 - 3/68 Mali Desk Off., State Department, D.C. 8/64 - 6/66 FSO, Dept. of State, Bamako, Mali 7/63 - 8/64 FSO, Dept. of State, D.C. 6/57 - 6/59 U.S. Naval Reserve Stokes, Samuel N. Dahomey Washington, D. C. Born: 12/16/40 New York, New York Education: BA-63 Yale University Experience: 7/67 - Present PC Dir-Dahomey 10/65 - 7/67 PC Prog. Off.,AF/DC 6/63 - 6/65 PC Volunteer Teacher, Ivory Coast Murphy, Joseph S. Ethiopia Washington, D. C. Born: 11/15/33 Newark, New Jersey Education: PhD-61 Brandeis University Experience: 7/68 - Present PC Dir-Ethiopia 11/67 - 7/68 Assoc. Dir.,OEO, Wash,, D.C. 11/66 - 11/67 Confidential Asst. to Sec., HEW, Wash., D.C. 6/65 - 2/67 Dir., VITC, St. Croix 4/63 - 6/65 PC Vol. Dev. Off. URT, PC 4/62 - 4/63 Consultant PC 9/62 - 6/65 Asst. Prof., Brandeis University 5/63 - 6/65 Program Dir.,(Part Time) Ford Hall 3oston, Mass Wanush, Richard Gambia Washington, D.C. Born: 8/6/41 New Kensington, Pa. Experience: 9/68 - Present PC Dir-Gambia 7/67 - 8/68 Assoc. PC Dir-Gambia 11/65 - 7/67 PC Prog.Off.,AF 9/65 - 10/65 Recruiter, PC 8/63 - 7/65 PC Volunteer Teacher, Liberia Martin, Eugene V. Ghana Bethesda, Maryland Born: 9/9/36 Philadelphia, Pa. Education: MS-62 Ohio State Univ. Experience: 1/69 - Present PC Dir-Ghana 1/67 - 1/69 Assoc. PC Dir., Prog. Officer-Ethiopia 9/65 - 1/67 Supv. MELPAR,Falls Church, Va. 4/65 - 9/65 Coord. Breckinridge JC Center, Kentucky 9/57 - 4/65 Instructor/Grad. Asst., Ohio State Univ. 9/60 - 8/61 Instructor, Univ. of Cincinnati Summers,1962-63 Instructor,Ohio State University Summer,1961 Instructor,Univ. of Cincinnati Summer,1957 Statistician, Proctor & Gamble Summer,1955 Clerk, Cincinnati Norman, Henry R. Guinea Syracuse, New York Born: 8/24/29 Education: LLB-53 George Washington University Experience: 1/69 - Present PC Dir-Guinea 1/67 - 12/68 Consultant/Legal Counsel, U.A.W. 4/63 - 12/66 PC Dir-Guinea 4/56 - 4/63 Attorney, Syracuse,NY 1961 Ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of Syracuse 1/57 - 12/61 Supervisor,Onondaga County, N.Y. 1/54 - 1/56 U.S. Army Fleming, Harold S. Ivory Coast New Haven, Conn. Born: 4/21/31 Education: MA-55 Columbia University Experience: 4/69 - Present PC Dir-Ivory Coast 7/68 - 4/69 Dep.PC Dir-Ivory Coast 4/67 - 7/68 Dep.Dir.,Off. of Public Affairs 3/67 - 4/67 Spec.Asst.-Dir. of Adm. 10/66 - 3/67 Dir.Div.of Appl.Servs., PA, PC 9/66 - 10/66 Expert - PA 8/66 - 9/66 VP,Grudin Res.Organi- zation, NYC 5/64 - 8/66 VP,Laurence J. Jaffee Assoc., NY 2/61 - 5/65 Lecturer, City College, HYC 9/56 - 5/64 Dir,Data Processing, Forbes Inc., NYC 12/55 - 9/56 S upv.Batten,Barton, Durstine & Osborn, NYC 9/54 - 9/55 Off.Man., Private Hospital, NYC 9/54 - 9/55 Proj.Asst.-Richard Manville, inc.,NYC Raullerson, Calvin H. Orange, New Jersey Born: 12/18/20 Utica, N.Y. Education: MA-49 Hew York University Experience: 5/69 - Present PC Dir-Kenya 10/66 - 5/69 PC Prog.Off., AF Reg. Div.Chief, East/ Southern Africa 3/61 - 10/66 Ex.Dir.Am.Soc. of AF Culture NYC & Lagos, Nigeria 2/52 - 3/61 Dir.Ed.S erv.United Negro College Fund, NY 7/50 - 12/51 Assoc.Ed.,Christian E. Burckel Assoc., Yonkers, NY 6/49 - 6/50 Unemployed 1/45 - 6/49 Student, NYU 6/44 - 11/44 Res.Analyst,Pres.Comm. on Fair Employment 1943 -1944 U.S. Army Sherwood, David R. Lesotho Tewksbury, Mass. Born: 5/10/40 Lowell, Mass. Education: AB-62 Boudion College, Me. Experience: 3/67 - Present PC Dir-Lesotho 8/65 - 3/67 PC Vol.Dev.Off.,VITC 9/64 - 5/65 Panelist,UPO,D.C. 6/62 - 7/64 PC Volunteer, Sierra Leone Chastain, J. Dale Liberia Pittsburgh, Pa. Born: 6/6/28 Massillon, Ohio Education: MA-56 Univ. of Iowa Experience: 7/69 - Present PC Dir-Liberia 6/68 - 7/69 Dep.PC Dir-Liberia 9/60 - 6/68 Asst. Prof.,Chatham College, Penn. 7/64 - 8/67 Dir.&Asst.Inter.Work- shop on Leadership, Reg.Council for Inter. Ed. 9/59 - 8/60 Instructor, Univ. of Wisconsin 2/58 - 6/59 Instructor, Univ.of Iowa 1949 - 1958 Part-Time jobs while • Grad.& Undergrad Student 6/46 - 4/48 U.S. Navy Larsh, Edward B. Malawi Carmel, California Born: 12/28/22 Leadville, Colorado Education: MA-49 Stanford University Experience: 9/68 - Present PC Dir-Malawi 2/68 - 9/68 Assoc.PC Dir-Malawi 7/67 - 2/68 Assoc.PC Dir-Nigeria 7/49 - 2/67 Teacher,Monterey, California 3/43 - 1/46 U.S. Army Air Force Heath, Richard R. Mali I San Francisco, California I Born: 6/22/29 La Junta, California Education: LLB-54 University of Colorado Experience: 4/69 - Present Dir.Designate-Mali, Dep.Chief Fr.AF 10/68 - 4/69 PC Dir-Ivory Coast 11/66 - 10/68 Dep.PC Dir-Ivory Coast 12/57 - 11/66 Lawyer/Partner, San Francisco, Calif. 4/55 - 12/57 Pilot, U.S. Air Force Beckles, Frank N. Washington, D.C. Born: 9/18/34 Barbados, West indies Education: MD-66 Howard University Experience: S-/68 - Present PC Dir-Niger 1/68 - 5/68 Dep.PC Dir-Niger 7/67 - 1/68 PC Physician-Gabon 1966 - 1967 Rotating Internship, Baltimore 1957 - 1959 US Army 1955 - 1957 Personnel Clerk, United Nations 1952 - 1955 Teacher,Guyanna, South America 1950 - 1951 Hardware Store Clerk Winner, Edward G. Nigeria Washington, D. C. Born: 10/14/34 Education: MA-59 Catholic University Experience: 6/69 - Present PC Dir-Higeria 10/68 - 6/69 Dep.PC Dir-Nigeria 9/67 - 10/68 Dir.Urban Teacher Corps,D.C. Public Schools 3/65 - 9/67 Supv.Dir.,D.C. Public Schools 9/63 - 3/65 Teacher, Wash., D.C. 1/64 - 6/65 Asst.Dir.,Wash.,D.C. 9/69 - 8/63 U.S. Air Force 9/59 - 6/60 Instructor, Belair, Maryland 6/57 - 6/59 Teacher, Wash., D.C. Moore, Thomas M., Jr. Senegal Carmel, California Born: 9/10/31 San Francisco, Calif. Education: LLB-58 Univ. of Calif. Experience: 6/68 - Present PC Dir-Senegal 7/67 .- 6/68 Dep. PC Dir-Senegal 7/64 - 7/67 Attorney/Partner, Monterey, calif. 11/58 - 1/59 Sales Supv.,San Fran- cisco, Calif. 10/53 - 7/55 U.S. Army 10 ~r Thomas, Carol M. Sierra Leone Reston, Va. Born: 12/23/30 Washington, D-C. Education: MA-61 John Hopkins Univ. Experience: 8/69 - Present PC Dir-Sierra Leone 1/69 - 7/69 Dep.PC Dir-Sierra Leone 8/68 - 1/69 Dep.Dir.,Div. of Contracts/OFM 1/67 - 8/68 Contract Spec./OFM 3/66 - 11/64 Contract Spec.,Proj. Adm. , OEO, D. C. 11/61 - 11/64 Contract Negotiator, Dept. of Navy, D.C. Gallarano, Leo Somali Republic North Miami, Florida Born: 3/12/42 Derby, Conn. Education: BS-63 Southern Conn. St. College Experience: 4/69 - Present PC Dir-Somali Republic 12/68 - 4/69 Dep.pc Dir-Somali Republic 10/68 - 11/68 Dir. Control & Plann./ Selection 4/68 - 10/68 Dep.Dir. Applicants/ Selection 9/67 - 2/68 Ch.,Applicant Liaison Br.,Div. of Appli- cants/Selection 11 8/67 - 9/67 Liaison Off./Selection 9/66 - 6/67 Teacher & Coach, Miami, Florida 6/66 - 9/66 Training Coord./PC Traing.Prog.-Tex. 9/66 - 6/66 salesman, Florida 9/63 - 6/65 PC volunteer, PE Tea cher/Coa ch; Caracas, Venezuela Armstrong, William H. Swaziland Philadelphia, Pa. Born: 4/23/32 Louisville, Ohio Education: STM-64 Lutheran Theological S eminary Experience: 7/68 - Present PC Dir-Swaziland 10/67 - 7/68 Assoc. PC Dir-Ethiopia 8/66 - 10/67 Assoc. PC Dir-Ethiopia 6/57 - 8/66 Pastor, Philadelphia, Pa. 9/59 - 1/65 Dir.,Philadelphia Coop. Ministry 9/56 - 5/57 Seminary Field Worker, Harlem, N.Y. 9/54 - 5/56 Seminary Field Worker, NYC Summers, 1954-56 Asst. Pastor, Louis- ville, Ohio 12 Tutman, William L. Tanzania Mitchellville, Maryland Born: 10/26/31 Baltimore, Md. Education: MA-61 American Univ. Experience: 1/69 - Present PC Dir-Tanzania 11/66 - 1/69 Dep.PC Dir-sierra Leone 11/65 - 11/66 Dir.,Prog.Design, UPO 1/65 - 11/65 Dep.Dir.,DC OEO Prog., UPO 12/63 - 1/65 Counseling Superv., W.A.Y. 9/63 - 12/63 Test Specialsist W.A.Y. Wilson, Robert E. Toe Brooklyn, New York Born: 2/7/24 Education: B.S.-61 California State Polytechnic College Experience: 6/68 - Present PC Dir-Togo 5/67 - 5/68 Dep.Dir-Togo 1/67 - 5/67 Consultant, Togo & Cameroon (Contract) 9/65 - 12/66 Agric.Ed. Advisor (Contract) A.I.D., Guinea 8/64 - 8/65 Ag. School Principal (Contract)A.I.D., Congo 13 1/63 - 7/64 Spec., Ag. & Tech., Santa Monica, Calif. 10/61 - 6/62 Sugar Cane Farming Off., West Indies Dept. of Agriculture 10/58 - 6/61 Psychiatric Technician, Atascadero Hosp., California 10/56 - 8/58 Operating Room Attendant Brunswick Hospital,NY 5/52' - 9/56 Bldg.Maint.,UN, NY 9/44 - 4/52 Farm Manag,Grenada Sugar Factory, West Indies Hope, John III Washington, D.C. Born: 8/28/36 Atlanta, Georgia Education: M.P.A. -59 New York Univ. Experience: 5/69 - Present PC Dir-Uganda 5/67 - 5/69 Dep.Reg.Prog.Off. , AF Reg.Off. 5/56 - 5/67 Admin.Off. AID/Wash. , D.C. 11/63 - 5/65 Senior Admin.Off., Mineola, New York 7/63 - 11/63 Mgmt.Intern U.S. Atomi c Energy commission. New York, New York 6/61 - 7/63 NYC Housing Authority, New York, New York 6/59 - 6/61 Statistician; Bronx, New York 14 Petty, Reginald E- Upper Volta St. Louis, Missouri Born: 10/7/35 Education: MS-66 Southern Illinois Univ. Experience: 7/67 - Present Dep.PC Dir-Upper Volta 10/66 - 7/67 Adult Education Teacher, E.St. Louis, 111. 8/63 - 3/65 Research Asst., So.. Ill.University 1/63 - 8/63 Research Supervisor, 111. Dept.of Welfare 8/59 - 1/63 Social Worker, 111. Dept. Mental Health 8/57 - 6/59 Jr. High Teacher, St. Louis, Mo. Caldwell, Byron S^ Mauritius Oakland, California Born: ,2/27/26 Denver, Colorado Education: BA-48 University of Denver Experience: 9/69 - Present PC Dir-Malawi 5/67 - 6/69 Reg.Dir-Nigeria 6/65 - 5/67 Job Corps 10/53 - 6/65 Probation Officer 9/51 - 10/53 Insurance Represen- tative 15 East Asia/ Pacific Hurley, John G. Fiji Island Carbondale, Illinois Born: 12/18/38 Education: BA-60 DePauw University Experience: 7/67 - Present Dir-Fiji Island 5/66 - 7/67 PC Program Officer 2/64 - 5/66 Associate PC Dir- Malaysia 10/61 - 2/64 PCV-Teacher/ Malaysia' O'Donnell, Kevin Seoul, Korea Fairview Park, Ohio Born: 6/9/25 Cleveland, Ohio Education: MBA-47 Harvard Business Experience: 5/66 - Present PC Dir-Korea 5/66 - 5/66 PC Consultant 16 1/63 - 5/66 Gen. Mgr., Atlas Steel Co., Canada 9/62 - 12/62 Campaign Manager (Cleveland Mayor) 11/60 - 9/62 Consultant, Booz, Allan & Hamilton 11/47 - 10/60 Sales Manager, Steel Co./Canada Pincetich, John Malaysia Los Altos, California Born: 9/4/16 Astoria, Oregon Education: No Degree Experience: 6/68 - Present PC Dir-Malaysia 7/66 - 6/68 PC Dir-Trust Terr. 4/65 - 7/66 Assoc. PC Dir- Nigeria 10/53 - 4/65 Asst. to Pres. - Matson Naviga- tion Co., San Francisco, i«erl. 3/50 - 10/53 Asst. Pub. Rel. Dir. Hawaii Pineapple Co., Hawaii 9/46 - 3/50 Reporter - Honolulu Star Bulletin, Hawaii 17 Moss, Leo M. Malaysia Silver Spring, Maryland Born: 2/8/30 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvan Education: AB-52 Univ. of Pittsburgh MA-53 Univ. of Pittsburgh Experience: 9/69 - Present PC Dir-Designate, Malaysia 7/68 - 9/69 Micronesia Operations/ Training Officer 9/66 - 7/68 Dist.Dir/yap, Micro- nesia 2/63 - 9/66 Manager,Hartfield Stores, Inc. 12/56 - 2/63 Manager, Lerner Shops 12/63 - 8/56 Abraham and Straus 8/53 - 11/56 U.S. Navy Purcell, Arthur W. Philippines Washington, D. C. Born: 7/22/26 Holyoke, Massachusetts Education: AB-50 Harvard Experience: 6/67 - Present PC Dir-Manila 6/65 - 6/67 PC Dir-Bolivia 10/50 - 6/65 Foreign Service Officer, State Dept. 1944 - 1946 U. S. Marine Corps 18 Delany,: Kevin F. X. Thailand Washington, D. C Born: 8/26/69 Brooklyn, New York Education: MA-62 Columbia University Experience: 7/68 - Present PC Dir-Thailand 8/65 - 7/68 Deputy Regional Director, EAP 9/63 - 8/65 PC Officer 5/63 - 8/63 Expert 5/57 - 5/63 Reporter CBS News 10/55 - 5/57 Reporter NY World- Telegram & Sun 6/52 - 10/55 U. S. Navy 7/50 - 8/51 Executive Trainee, Mfg. Firm Zimmer, Layton P. Tonga Island Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Born: * 9/11/31 Honolulu, Hawaii Education: AB-52 College of William and Mary Experience: 6/68 - Present PC Dir-Tonga 8/67 - 6/68 Dep PC Dir-Fiji 5/65 - 8/67 Urban Missioner, Episcopal Diocesse of Pa. 1/59 - 5/65 Rector, Trinity Church, Pa. 6/55 - 1/59 Curate, St. Andrew's Church, Del. 19 323 Johnson, Laurence A. Micronesia Riverdale, California Born: 2/13/35 Shanghai, China Education: AB-56 Occidental Experience: 8/69 - Present PC Dir-Micronesia 1/68 - 8/69 Reg. PC Dir- Malaysia 7/63 - 7/68 Asst, Vice-Pres., Sterling Sav- ings & Loan, Calif. 5/62 - 6/63 Architect, Calif. 1957 - 1960 U. S. Coast Guard Ziegenhagen, David M. Western Samoa Hopkings, Minnesota Born: 5/25/36 Minneapolis, Minnesota Education: BA-59 University of Minnesota Experience: 7/67 - Present Dir-Western Samoa 11/56 - 6/67 PC Program Officer 9/64 - 11/65 Assoc. PC Dir-Thai. 6/63 - 9/64 Assoc. PC Dir-Thai. 8/61 - 5/63 PCV,Philippines 3/61 - 8/61 Manager, Canoe Outfitters 9/59 - 6/61 Counselor 20 Latin America Payton, Carolyn R. Dr. Barbados Norfolk, Virginia Born: 5/13/25 Education: EdD-62 Catholic Univ., Washington, D. C. Experience: 2/68 - Present PC Dir-Barbados 11/66 - 2/68 Dep. PC Dir-Barbados 6/64 - 10/66 Psychologist, SEL 9/59 - 4/65 Teacher, Psychology, Howard Univ. 2/64 - 6/64 Field Assessment Officer, Univ. of Florida, Puerto Rico 6/62 - 12/63 Assessment Officer, Howard Univ./PC 9/56 - 9/59 Teacher, Psychology, Virginia State » College 9/53 - 5/56 Dean of Women, State Teachers College, North Carolina- 21 Baumann, Gerald F. Bolivia Indianapolis, Indiana Born: 3/29/26 Switzerland Education: MA-64 Butler University Experience: 6/67 - Present PC Dir-Bolivia 9/64 - 6/67 Assoc. PC Dir-Peru 2/55 - 8/64 Social Service Agency, Indiana 1951 - 1955 American Friends Service Committee 1948 - 1951 Vol. Dir. in Inter- national Work Camps Avery, Robert S. Brazil Knoxville, Texas Born: 12/25/17 Pittsfield, Ohio Education: PhD-51 Northwestern Univ. Experience: 4/67 - Present PC Dir-Brazil 1/63 - 4/67 Asst. V.P. Univ. of Tennessee 5/63 - 5/63 Consultant, OAS 9/60 - 1/63 Prof., Univ. of Tennessee 6/62 - 9/62 Consultant, USOM to Nicaragua 6/61 - 9/61 ICA Consultant, Ecuador 22 7/58 - 9/60 Chief of Univ. of Tenn. Mission to Panama 1/58 - 7/58 Public Admin. Con- sultant, ICA Guatemala 10/55 - 1/58 Chief of Univ. of Tenn. Mission to Bolivia 1954 - 1955 Prof., Univ. of Tennessee 8/52 - 10/54 Consultant, USOM to Panama 9/47 - 8/52 Assoc. Prof., Univ. of Tennessee 6/41 - 9/47 Personnel Asst., TVA Smith, Henry L. British Honduras Washington, D.C. Born: 9/6/31 Rocky Mount, N.C. Education: M.S.W. -59 Howard University Experience: 5/69 - Present PC Dir-Br. He»v 3/69 - 5/69 Dept.Dir-Br. Hon. 11/68 - 3/69 Act.Dir-Jamaica 8/67 - 11/68 Dept.Dir-Jamaica 2/66 - 8/67 Friendship House/ Administrator 5/65 - 2/66 D.C. Dept.of Public Welfare, Social Worker '6/64 - 5/65 St. Elizebeth Hosp/ Clinical Social Worker 9/59 - 4/64 D.C. Dept.of Public Welfare/Caseworker 23 Griscom, Richard A. Escondido, Calif. Marlton, Hew Jersey Born: 5/12/35 Philadelphia Pa. Education: LL.B-61 Harvard Law School Experience: 12/68 - Present Dir of Devel. & Training Center Escondido, Calif. 11/66 12/68 PC Dir-Paraguay 11/64 11/66 Dep PC Dir-Bolivia 11/63 11/64 Dep PC Dir-El Salvador 6/62 12/63 Dep PC Dir-Venezuela 8/61 6/62 International Relations Officer, PC/W-PDO/LA 6/59 - 8/59 Experiement in Inter- national Living 6/60 8/60 Group Leader 6/57 8/57 Towers, Perrin, Forster & Crosby Trainee (Pensions) Fall, John G. Jr. Chile San Francisco, California Born: 7/9/26 Los Angeles, California Education: BA-49 University of Calif. at Berkeley Experience: 4/69 - Present Dep PC Dir-Chile 9/54 - 3/68 Lawyer/Partridge, O'Connell, Partride & Fall 24 2/52 - 1/54 Insurance Adjuster, California Casuality 4/51 - 6/51 Grarage Attendant, Stone Rent-A-Car Bell, Paul C., Jr. Colombia Fort Worth, Texas Born: 8/8/28 Bastrop, Texas Education: BD-53 Southwest Baptist Theological Seminary Experience: 8/69 - Present Dir-Coloinbia 7/66 - 8/69 PC Dir-Chile 7/64 - 7/66 Area Chief, Central America, LA Region, PC/W 25 Hooper, James M. Brazil Waco, Texas Born: 1/4/28 Education: BA-53 Texas Tech Experience: 5/67 - Present Assoc. PC Dir-Col. 1/65 - 5/67 Assoc. PC Dir-Guat. 9/60 - 10/62 Sales Engineer/Alamo Steel & Machine Texas-also self- employed architect 7/59 - 7/60 Architectural Coordi- nator/Texas Facade, Inc. .' Orr, Arthur Costa Rica Ennis, Montana Born: 12/14/20 Geneva, Illinois Education: No degree: 1946 - Montana State University 1939-42 Princeton University 26 Experience: 9/67 - Present PC Dir-Costa Rica 12/65 - 1967 President Southern Cross Company 12/46 - 1967 Ranch Owner/Orr Herefords Gittens, Thomas W.,Jr. Dominican Republic Wilmington, Delaware Born: 3/27/40 Salem, New Jersey Education: BA-61 Cornell University Experience: 4/67 - Present Assoc. PC Dir- ' Dom. Rep. 7/64 - 3/67 Insurance Broker W. F. Scarborough Agency 6/61 - 7/64 Asst. Alumni Sec. Cornell Univ. 27 Haratani, Joseph Ecuador Falls Church, Virginia Born: 10/27/23 Florin, California Education: MS-51 Univ. of California Experience: 9/68 - Present PC Dir-Ecuador 7/68 - 9/68 Spec. Asst. to Reg. Dir., LA, PC/W 11/66 - 7/68 Area Chief, West Coast, LA Reg., PC/W 7/66 - 11/66 Operations Officer, LA Reg., PC/W 1/64 - 7/66 Sanitary Engineer, !li AID 1961 - 12/63 Sanitary Engineer, AID/Vietnam 2/59 - 1/61 Sanitary Engineer Advisor, AID Nicaragua 4/54 - 1/59 Chief Sanitary Engineer, AID, Bolivia 7/51 - 3/54 Asst. Hydraulic Engineer, State Dept. of Water Resources, Calif. 28 Walker, Douglas P. El Salvador New York, Hew York Born: 1/18/33 Maxwell Field, Alabama Education: AB-57 San Jose State College Experience: 5/69 - Present Dir-El Salvador 7/67 - 5/59 Dep PC Dir- El Salvador 3/67 - 7/67 PC Operations, LA, PC/W 10/66 - 3/67 PC Liaison Officer, PAR 10/65 - 10/66 PC Liaison Officer, PAR 9/65 - 10/65 Expert (WAE), PAR 6/64 - 9/65 Account Exec., Ogilvy, Benson & Mather, N. Y. 9/62 - 5/64 Regional Account Exec. N. Y. Ayer & Son, Phila. 10/60 - 8/62 Regional Account Exec. N. Y. .Ayer & Son Los Angeles 6/60 - 11/60 TV Account Exec., Erwin, Wasey, Ruthrauff & Ryan, Los Angeles 3/59 - 6/60 Asst. Acct. Exec., Erwin, Wasey, Ruthrauff & Ryan, Los Angeles 3/58 - 3/59 Media Buyer, Erwin, Wasey, Ruthrauff & Ryan, Los Ang. Binford, William L Guatemala Portland, Oregon Born: 9/22/38 Education: AB-61 Harvard University Experience: 9/68 - Present PC Dir-Guatemala 3/68 - 9/68 Dep PC Dir-Ecuador 11/66 - 3/68 Assoc. PC Rep- Ecuador 10/64 - 10/66 Coop. Program Of School Const., Ecuador 6/61 - 9/64 Binford Rental Office, Manager, Oregon 3/64 - 6/64 Discussion Leader in Area Studies, Univ. of New Mexico 7/57 - 8/58 Surveyor, Idaho Power Company Taylor, George P. Guyana Birmingham, Alabama Born: 9/16/25 Education: LLB-51 University of Alabama Experience: 5/68 - Present PC Dir-Guyana 8/67 - 5/68 Chief-Africa Div. Africa Region 30 9/65 - 8/67 PC Dir-Sierre Leone 2/65 - 9/65 Dep PC Dir-Sierre Leone 9/57 - 2/65 Partner, law firm 9/52 - 9/57 Attorney, Law Firm, Alabama 5/51 - 9/52 Law Clerk, State of Alabama 9/49 - 5/51 Clerk, law firm Gant, Jon A. Honduras Fargo, North Dakota Born: 10/25/27 Chillicothe, Ohio Education: MS-65 North Dakota State University Experience: 8/68 - Present PC Dir-Honduras 2/67 - 8/68 Dep PC Dir-Dom. Rep. 2/66 - 2/67 Assoc. PC Dir- Dom . Rep. 9/65 - 2/66 Supv. of Student Teachers ^^ 9/64 - 6/65 Spanish Teacher 11/55 - 1/64 Port Service Dir, United Seamans Service, N.Y. 12/51 - 6/53 Music Teacher Taylor, William M. Jamaica Poughkeepsie, New York Born: 9/23/20 Toronto, Canada 31 Educcation: BA-43 University of Toronto (Social Work). Experience: 6/68 - Present PC Dir-Jamaica 8/67 - 6/68 Dep Dir-Talent Search 5/67 - 8/67 Dep Dir-Liberia 4/65 - 5/67 Assoc. PC Dir- Liberia 5/61 - 4/65 Exec. Director Neighborhood Service Org. 6/60 - 4/61 Exec. Director, Settlement House Previous experience as Program Director Neighborhood house, NYC; Group Worker, YM & YWCA, Toronto, Canada. Military Service 2/43 to 7/46, Canadian Army. Cameron, Donald R. Nicaragua Hammond, Louisiana Born: 6/6/39 Banes, Cuba Education: No degree Experience: 6/68 - Present PC Dir-Nicaragua 2/67 - 5/68 Dep PC Dir-Guat. 2/66 - 2/67 Assoc. PC Dir-Chile 8/64 - 2/66 Assoc. PC Dir- Santiago & Temuca, Chile 7/62 - 6/64 PCV, Dominican Republic 32 Arango, John Panama San Francisco, California Born: 12/1/38 Syracuse, New York Education: BS-61 Rensselar Polytechnic Institute, New York Experience: 12/68 - Present PC Dir-Panama 1/68 - 11/68 Spec. Asst., OEO 6/66 - 1/68 Project Dir/Vista Training Prog. 11/65 - 6/66 Dir/Center for Community Action Services 1/64 - 11/65 CD Coordinator/PC Training Center Univ. of H. M. 6/61 - 6/63 PCV/Colombia Sherman, James F. . Paraguay Silver.*Spring, Maryland Born: 1/6/26 Modesto, California Education: AB-51 University of California at Berkeley Experience: 5/69 - Present PC Dir-Paraguay 9/68 - 5/69 Operations/Training Officer, PC/W, LA 3/66 - 6/68 Assoc. Dir-Colombia 6/65 - 3/66 Litton Industries, Sr. Curriculum Analyst 9/64 - 6/65 Teacher 9/61" - 9/64 Teacher & Teacher- in-Charge 9/59 - 9/61 Teacher 9/57 - 9/59 Teacher 3/44 - 5/46 Military Service, U. S. Army Baca, Edward J. Jr. Peru Grants, New Mexico Born: 8/23/32 Education: MA-62 University of New Mexico Experience: 10/68 - Present PC Dir-Peru 1/67 - 10/68 Dep PC Dir-Peru 6/63 - 1/67 Contractors Over- seas Rep., AAPHER, Venezuela 9/58 - 6/63 Head Coach 9/57 - 6/58 Head, Phys. Ed. Dept. &Coach 7/54 - 7/57 U. S. Marines Frits, James C. Puerto Rico Trng. Ctr. Seattle, Washington Born: 8/19/22 Everett, Washington Education: BA-43 University of Washing- ton, Seattle 34 Experience: .3/68 - Present Dir-Puerto Rico Training Center 5/67 - 2/68 'Dir-Office for PC Programs, Univ. of Washington, Seattle 2/67 - 5/67 Project Manager, Cromwell-Collier Inst. for Con- tinuing Education 1/61 - 8/62 Coordinator, Television Courses; Asst. Dir. Liberal Arts Seminars 9/56 - 6/60 Owner/Manager, Fidalgo Broad- casting Company 2/51 - 6/56 Asst. Manager/ Advertising Mang. Radio Pacific 4/48 - 2/51 Advertising Sales- man/Business Hews Writer 4/43 - 9/46 U. S. Army Crow, Harold L. Uruguay Klamath Falls, Oregon Born: 9/28/38 Stilwell, Oklahoma Education: BA-63 San Francisco State College Experience: 5/67 - Present PC Dir-Uruguay 10/66 - 5/69 Assoc. Dir-Colombia 7/66 - 8/66 Expert PC/India 6/64 - 7/66 PCV India 2/64 - 5/64 Bank of America, NT &SA 6/62 - 5/63 Jack E. Falvey Enterprises Restaurant Lounge Mgr. 1/64 - 2/64 Yellow Cab Driver 10/63 - 12/63 Southern Pacific Railway Co. Clrk. 1/62 - 5/62 Clerk(Wholesale Food Broker) 6/60 - 5/61 Travelodge Motel 6/60 - 9/60 Yellow Cab Driver 3/58 - 10/59 United California Bank, Head Teller Dachi, Stephen F. Venezuela Lexington, Kentucky Born: 4/21/33 Budapest, Hungary Education: MSD-61 Indiana University Dental College Experience: 4/69 - Present PC Dir-Venezuela 6/67 - 4/69 Dep PC Dir-Colombia 7/61 - 6/67 Prof, and Chief of Dental Service 10/58 - 8/59 Instructor 1/58 - 10/58 Private Practice (Part-time) 10/56 - 9/57 Asst. In Anesthesi- ology North Africa/ Near East/ South Asia Mitchell, Louis L. Jr. Afghanistan*** Alexandria, Va. Born: 3/12/30 Bronxville, N-Y. Education: B.D 58-Virginia Theological Seminary Experience: 5/69 - Present PC Dir-Afghanistan 5/67 - 4/69 Dep. Reg. Dir., NANESA 4/66 - 5/67 Talent Search Officer 1/66* - 4/66 Reim. Detail to OEO, SW Liaison Officer/ VISTA 8/65 - 1/66 PC Rep., Barbados 7/64 - 8/65 Community Relations Spec., CSC 3/64 - 7/64 Project Coord., Ca. 7/63 - 3/64 Executive Dir., Fla. Council on Human Relations, Daytona 7/60 - 6/63 Curate, Ala. 6/58 - 6/60 vicar, NYC 37 .^ j*»sKE^3s^-i^,.M>.B.<- §gsg|j!gsj&sge*se!B Burns, W. John India Levittown, Pa. Born: 3/29/33 San Antonio, Texas Education: DED 65-Temple University, Phila. Experience: 7/68 - Present PC Dir-india 7/66 - 7/68 Dep. PC Dir., India 8/65 - 7/66 Special Asst/Special Services 7/65 - 8/65 Expert, OVS Special Services 7/65 Dir. Student Services, Temple University Dir. Student Activities, Trenton State College 9/57 - 5/58 Trainee, industrial Relations Texas Leibowitz, Herbert H India Berkeley, California Born: 1/10/23 Brooklyn, N.Y. Education: Ed.D-61 Teacher's College, Columbia Univ., NYC Experience: 6/69 - Present Reg.PC Dir-Bombay 6/63 - 6/69 Head,Staff Develop., U. of Calif., • Berkeley Also: Consultant OEO/VTSTA; HUD 12/60 - 6/63 Personnel Secy.,Nat'1 Fed.of Settlements & Neighborhood Ctr, Inc. 7/59 12/60 Prog.Consultant, The Hat'l.Assn. for Mental Health,NYC 7/58 7/59 Community Mental Health Consultant, Santa Fe, New Mex. 8/56 - 7/58 Proj.Dir.,Gallup, New Mexico 9/53 9/56 Intake Supv., NYC 3/52 9/53 Counselor, U.of Calif, Los Angeles 9/51 9/53 Reg.Dir.,B'nai B'rith, Los Angeles, Calif. 1951' 1953 (Summers)Dir.,Ormsby Youth Village,Los Angeles, Calif. 7/50 7/51 Field Secy,The Jewish Youth Council, Los Angeles, Calif. 9/47 6/50 Area Coor.,The Los Angeles Youth Pro- ject 39 . .-itjr>rtili«-.wui,-.i—=:. Metzler, Edgar J. India Akron, Pa. Born: 11/12/29 Masontown, Pa. Education: B.D. 54-•Goshen College Seminary Experience: 2/69 - Present Reg.PC Dir-Calcutta 6/67 - 1/69 Asso. PC Dir. Kathmandu,Nepa1 1/62 - 9/66 Executive Secy., Mennonite Central Comm.,Akron, Pa. 1/57 - 1/62 Pastor, Ontario,Canada 6/54 - 12/56 Executive Secy.,Nat'l Service Board,Reli- gious objectors, Washinaton, D.C. Miller. Norman A. India Bethesda, Md. Born: 10/20/32 Laramie,Wyoming Education: AB 58 Denver University Experience: 9/68 - Present Reg.Dir-Bangalor 6/66 - 9/68 Exec.Officer,India 10/65 - 6/66 Contracts Officer, PC/W 7/61 - 10/65 Contract Specialist, NASA 7/58 - 7/61 Contract Negotiator, Navy Dept. 40 O'Connor, William E. India Berlin Heights, Ohio Born: 8/9/26 Rochester, N.Y. Education: MSW-53 University of Buffalo Experience: 1/69 - Present Reg.PC Dir-New Delhi 7/66 - 1/69 Assoc. PC Dir-lndia 11/62 - 7/66 Dir. of Case Work, Cleveland, Ohio 6/60 - 7/66 Marriage & Personal Counselor,Sandusky, Ohio 8/55 - 11/62 Dir. of Social Service Sandusky, Ohio 6/50 - 8/55 Sr.Psychiatric Social Worker,Rochester,N.Y. _Seymour, Lafayette R. India Charleston, S.C. Born: 8/9/38 Memphis, Term. Educatio^i: BA 60 Arkansas St. University Experience: • 4/69 - Present Reg. PC Dir-Bhopal 11/67 - 4/69 Reg. PC Dir-Nigeria .10/66 - 11/67 Assoc. PC Dir-Nigeria 11/64 - 10/66 Asst. Dir. of Community Organization, C-ity Service, NYC 9/62 - 8/64 PC Volunteer,Pakistan 9/61 - 6/62 Job Developer,Cambridge Mass. 6/60 - 9/61 Child Counselor, NYC 41 Zimmerman, M. Paul Iran New York, Hew York Born: 4/22/34 Education: LLB 58 Yale Law School Experience: 6/69 - Present PC Dir-lran 11/68 - 6/69 Dep.PC Dir-lran 11/67 - 11/68 Reg.PC Dir-Bangalore, India 8/66 - 11/67 Assoc. PC Dir-Bangalore India 1/65 - 7/66 Exec. Sec. Hat'l Aircraft Noise Abatement Council, Washington, D.C. 2/63 - 12/64 Gen.Counsel & Asst. to Pres. Nat'l Air- craft Noise Abate- ment Council,Washing ton,D.C. 1/60 - 2/63 Attorney, Wash., D.C. 3/59 - 12/59 Gen.Attorney, CAB, GS-7 7/58 - 1/59 U.S. Army White, Edward C. Libya Newark, N.J. Born: 2/26/34 Dothan, Alabama Education: M.A. 58 Harvard University Experience: 6/69 - Present PC Dir-Libya 7/68 - 6/69 Dep. PC Dir-Libya 12/66 - 7/68 Dap. PC Dir-Iran 12/65 - 12/66 Managing Editor, Amer. Society of African Cult 1/62 - 12/65 Prog. Officer,African American Institute, New York City 6/61 - 7/59 Research Analyst,Dept. of Army;Wash.,D.C. Garvey, William E. Morocco Baltimore, Md. Born: 5/19/22 Education: PHD 66 U. of Maryland Experience: 1/68 - Present PC Dir-M.orocco 11/67 - 1/68 Prog. Officer-OPR 10/66 - 11/67 Prog.Officer-Of£*Ce of Training 9/66 - 10/66 Asst.Dir. for Agric., Div. of PIO 9/63 - 9/66 Grad. Asst., Univ. of Maryland 6/51 - 9/63 County Agric. Agent, La Plata, Md. 9/57 - 6/58 Grad. Asst., Harvard 9/5CK- 6/51 Grad. Asst., Univ. of Md. 7/49 - 9/50 Asst. District Forester Oakland, Maryland 43 Morgan, Bruce R. Sacramento, Calif. Born: 10/29/32 Los Angeles, Calif. Education: LLB 57 U. of California Experience: 6/68 - Present PC Dir-Nepal 7/67 - 6/68 Dep. PC Dir-Nepal 4/61 - 5/67 Attorney, Calif. 3/58 - 3/61 Attorney, USAF, Morocco 11/57 - 3/58 Manager/Men's Store, California 6/57 - 11/57 Editor, Legislative Journal,U. of Calif. Smith, Kellogg Tunisia Washington, D.C. Born: 7/2/22 Chicago, 111. Education: AB-44 William College Williamstown, Mass. Experience: 6/68 - Present PC Dir-Tunisia 5/68 - 6/68 Dep. PC Dir-Tunisia 3/68 - 5/68 Dep. PC Dir-Tunisia 4/67 - 3/68 Dep. Dir., Staff Training Ctr.,OT 4/66 - 4/67 Asso. PC Dir-lndia 10/64 - 4/66 PC Field Officer, India 8/63 - 10/64 PC Liaison Officer, PCV/VFS 44 11/62 - 8/63 PC Liaison Officer, PCV/VFS 9/62 - 11/62 Expert, PCV/VFS 7/61 - 6/62 Project Editor, U.S. Industries Inc., California 10/46 - 6/61 Various-Copywriter, Copy Edit.,Acct. man, European Corr., Police Reporter, The Cleveland Press, and San Francisco, News Call Corey, John P. Turke-y Sacremento, California Born: 1/31/19 Madiera, Ohio Education: MS-49 Columbia Univ.,NYC Experience: 5/68 - Present PC Dir-Turkey ,*•*• 8/57 - 5/68 Welfare Dir.,Sacra- mento, Calif. 1/55 - 12/55 Dir. of Family Serv., San Diego, Calif. 1953 - 1954 Dir. of Adoption Prog., San Diego, Calif. INDEX Arango, John PANAMA 33 Armstrong, William H. SWAZILAND 12 Avery, Robert S. BRAZIL 22 Baca, Edward J., Jr. PERU 34 Baumann, Gerald F. BOLIVIA 22 Beckles, Frank N. NIGER 9 Bell, Paul'c., Jr. COLOMBIA 25 Binford, William L. GUATEMALA 30 Bravinder, Keith H. BOTSWANA 1 Burns, W. John INDIA 38 Cameron, Donald R. NICARAGUA 32 Cauldwell, Byron MAURITIUS 15 Chastain, J. Dale LIBERIA 8 Corey, John P. TURKEY 45 Crow, Harold L. URUGUAY 35 Dachi, Stephen F. VENEZUELA 36 Delany, Kevin F.X. THAILAND 19 Fall, JohnG., Jr. CHILE 24 Fleming, Harold S. IVORY COAST 6 Frits, James C. PUERTO RICO TRNG CTR 34 Gallarano, Leo SOMALI REPUBLIC 11 Gant, Jon A. HONDURAS 31 Garvey, William E. MOROCCO 43 Gaymon, William E. CAMEROON 1 Gittens, Thomas W. , Jr. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ... 27 Griscom, Richard A. ESCONDIDO, CALIFORNIA 24 Haratani, Joseph ECUADOR 28 Heath, Richard R. MALI 9 Hooper, James M. BRAZIL 26 Hope, John III UGANDA 14 Hurley, John G. FIGI ISLAND , 16 Johnson, Laurence A. MICRONESIA 20 Larsh, Edward B. MALAWI 8 Leibowitz, Herbert H. INDIA 39 Martin, Eugene V. GHANA 5 Metzler, Edgar J. INDIA 40 Miller, Norman A. INDIA •. 40 Mitchell, Louis L., Jr. AFGHANISTAN 37 Moore, Thomas M., Jr. SENEGAL 10 Morgan, Bruce R. NEPAL 44 Moss, Leo MALAYSIA 18 Murphy, Joseph S. ETHIOPIA 4 Norman, Henry R. GUINEA 15 O'Connor, William E. INDIA 41 O'Donnell, Kevin SEOUL, KOREA 16 Orr, Arthur COSTA RICA 26 Payton, Carolyn R., Dr. BARBADOS 21 Petty, Reginald E. UPPER VOLTA 15 Pincetich, John MALAYSIA 17 Purcell, Arthur W. PHILIPPINES ' 18 Raullerson, Calvin H. KENYA 7 Reynolds, Stanley CEYLON 38 Seymour, Lafayette R. INDIA 41 Sherman, James F. PARAGUAY 33 Sherwood, David R. LESOTHO 7 Smith, Henry BRITISH HONDURAS 23 Smith, Kellogg TUNISIA 44 Steedman, Charles CHAD 3 Stokes, Samuel N. DAHOMEY 3 Taylor, George P. GUYANA 30 Taylor, William M. JAMAICA 31 Theisen, Arthur E. CAMEROON 2 Thomas, Carol M. SIERRA LEONE 11 Tutman, William L. TANZANIA 13 Walker, Douglas P. EL SALVADOR 29 Wanush, Richard GAMBIA 4 White, Edward C. LIBYA 42 Wilson, Robert E. TOGO 13 Winner, Edward G. NIGERIA 10 Ziegenhagen, David M. WESTERN SAMOA 20 Zimmer, Layton P. TONGA ISLAND *'. \ ^g Zimmerman M. Paul IRAN ' " " 42 ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TO: Th Secretary-General A: e FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMATION I am forwarding herewith, for your information, a Note: A Preliminary Assessment of Latin American reaction t6 President Nixon's Speech of 31 October 1969. vhich was prepared by the Political Affairs Division. Date: FROM: DE: 10.12.69 CR. 13 (1L-64) L.Kutakov NOTE A preliminary assessment of Latin American reaction to President Nixon's speech of 31 October 1969 The initial reaction of some of the Latin American representatives in the United Nations to President Nixon's speech on United States' policy toward Latin America seems to have been one of disappointment and, to a certain degree, skepticism that some of the promises made regarding trade, aid loans and other related questions would be fulfilled expeditiously and effectively so as to bring about an improvement in the present situation. The reason for this attitude is that the long-awaited speech had raised hopes and expectations that major changes would be made in U.S. policy which would respond, or at least reflect, the specific recommendations set forth in the Vina del Mar consensus of the Latin American governments submitted to President Nixon last June. Also, the recently published report of Governor Rockefeller on the economic and political situation in Latin America which he described as critical and urged drastic changes in U.S. hemisphere policy had contributed to Latin American expectations that specific measures, particularly in trade and development assistance, would be announced by President Nixon, a factor which, it was thought, accounted for the length of time the Administration took in formulating its policy toward Latin America. It is against tills background of "expectancy" that many Latin Americans felt that Mr. Nixon's speech offered little new in the way of real changes in policy and that, with the exception of a few comments or reactions by officials of some Latin American countries who found the speech constructive and heartening, the majority of the Latin American governments remained silent. Contents of the speech: Political aspects: In his address, President Nixon spoke of "a new kind of partnership" with Latin America in which its nations would "jointly assume a primary role in setting priorities" to make the 1970's "a decade of Action for Progress for the Americas." I/ He based his Administration's policy on the following principles: (l) a firm commitment to the Inter-American system and its compacts - as exemplified by the Organization of American States and its Charter; (2) respect for national identity and dignity, in a partnership in which rights and responsibilities are shared by a community of independent states; (5) a firm commitment to continue United States assistance for hemisphere development; (k) a belief that the principal future pattern of that assistance must be United States' support for Latin American initiatives, and that this could best be achieved on a multilateral basis within the Inter-American system; and (5) a dedication to improving the quality of life in the Western Hemisphere - to helping people to meet their economic, social and human needs. I/ New York Times, 1 November 1969. - 2 - Apart from these general principles underlying what Mr. Nixon described as a more balanced and nature hemisphere partnership, one new element of political significance was Mr. Nixon's statement that although his Administration had a preference for representative democracy, it would "deal realistically with governments in the Inter-American system as they are", with the exception of Cuba. Some Latin American diplomats thought this constituted a sharp departure from the policies of recognition of Latin American governments followed by former Presidents Kennedy and Johnson and were apprehensive that the new policy would only serve to encourage the take-over of governmental power by the military. Others, on the other hand, interpreted it as a sign of non-interference in the internal affairs of the Latin American countries. Parenthetically, it was reported on 19 November that the Chilean government had successfully prevented a coup d'etat in that country. However, the question to many Latin Americans is not so much one of recognition of new military governments but whether the present Administration shares the views expressed in the Rockefeller report on the political role of the military in Latin America and would go along with the recommendations for hemisphere military-security measures which have reportedly been made in the report but were not mentioned by Mr* Nixon in his speech. According to excerpts from the Rockefeller report published in the press, the Governor is of the opinion that "a new type of military man is coming to the fore" in Latin America who, in his view, had become "a major force for constructive social change... and is prepared to adapt his authoritarian tradition to the goals of social and economic progress." 2/ Besides being a reform-Blinded group, the military, in Rockefeller's view, constitutes the only element of stability in the present "volatile" situation in Latin America, where he sees a real threat of Communist subversion. "All of the American nations are a tempting target for Communist subversion" the Rockefeller report said. "In fact, it is plainly evident that such subversion is a reality today with alarming potential." 5/ As a corollary to this, Governor Rockefeller proposes significant increase in military assistance to Latin American governments, specifically: (l) more grants to train Latin American security forces; (2) new supplies of small arms, communications equipment, Jeeps, helicopters and trucks to local police and security forces; and (3) sale of aircraft, ships and other major military items to major Latin American nations. Another recommendation reportedly concerns the creation of "a Western Hemisphere Security Council", which would help the hemisphere nations to "work together in creating and preserving an orderly environment, free from terror and violence." k/ This Council would replace the Special Consultative Committee on Security of the Organization of American States. As previously indicated, Mr. Nixon did not refer to any of the above recommendations in his policy speech and there is speculation in the U.S. press concerning the attitude of the Administration to these proposals. 2/ New York Times, 10 November 1969. The Christian Science Monitor, 12 November 1969. % Ibid, 12 November 1969. - 3 - In this connexion, a Latin American correspondent of the Christian Science Monitor* in an article published on 12 November, pointed out that as the Rockefeller report is playing a significant role in the formulation of a new United States policy toward Latin America in the Nixon Administration, the military-aid proposals and the rationale behind them are going to be studied carefully. It seems evident, the reporter said, to "most observers in Washington, and in reports from Latin America, that the Rockefeller viev, which is close to that of President Nixon, will increasingly dominate the new policy." 5/ However, on 20 November, a staff correspondent of the same newspaper reported that the military-security recommendations of the Rockefeller report had "raised eyebrows not only on Capitol Hill, but also apparently within the administration itself." It is understood, the reporter went on to say, that the Administration is taking "a very cautious look at any plans which might ultimately involve the United States in another Viet Nam. This is clearly a keystone of the new Nixon foreign policy - avoidance of such involvement." He added, "there is some question here in Washington whether the communist subversion threat is precisely of the magnitude that Mr. Rockefeller suggests." One top State Department official, the reporter said, had declared that such threat was currently "at a relatively low ebb" and that Defense Department experts had said that they had not seen "any clear evidence of Cuban support for internal subversion for over a year now." "In short", the reporter concluded, "the administration remains somewhat unconvinced of the political or military necessity for carrying out the Rockefeller recommendations on internal security." £/ At recent hearings held by a House Foreign Affairs Sub-Committee on the report, Governor Rockefeller reportedly defended his views against congressional criticism of the military proposals, stating that he believed the dangers of internal subversion were real and that the portrait of the "new military leader was true. Many existing regimes in Latin America, he said, regarded themselves as "caretaker" governments whose purpose was to insure the stability essential to the birth and growth of democratic processes. "My basic thesis", he said, "is that we can best achieve these goals by working with the government in power." 7/ So far, with the exception of Bolivia, there have been no press reports on official Latin American reaction to the Rockefeller proposals dealing with security matters. But it is not difficult to imagine that the response of countries like Chile, Mexico, Venezuela and others would be different from that of countries presently governed by conservative military regimes. It should be recalled in this connexion that countries like Mexico, Venezuela, Chile, Uruguay and others have consistently resisted proposals for military-security mechanisms within the Inter-American system, lest they be used for purposes of intervention. As for the Bolivian position, it was reported that President Alfredo Ovando had told newspapermen at La Paz, on 14- November,* that in his conversations with Governor Rockefeller he had suggested that U.S. military aid to Latin America should be changed to technical assistance in order to improve the standard of living of the Latin American people, and had requested that the United States army should provide the Bolivian army with machinery needed for development The Christian Science Monitor, 12 November 1969. Ibid, 20 November 1969. The New York Times, 21 November 1969. Diario Las Americas, 15 November 1969. - k - work in the country. General Ovando, the report/said, had expressed dis- agreement with the proposal for the establishment of a Western Hemisphere Security Council because he considered it "against the sovereignty of the peoples." Proposals in the economic field: The greater part of President Nixon's speech dealt with economic matters, an area in which many problems in United States-Latin American relations still remain unresolved. For a clearer understanding of the view expressed by some Latin American diplomats regarding Mr. Nixon's proposals in this field, it seems necessary to examine, in a general way, to what extent the proposals outlined in the speech could be considered responsive to the Vina del Mar recommendations. In so doing, there is no intention to analyse the speech or make a comparison with the forty-six specific recommendations made in the Vina del Mar document, but rather to highlight the issues involved and the reactions to them. To begin with, Mr. Nixon, after pointing out that the most pressing issues centred on economic development and especially on the policies by which aid is administered and trade regulated, proposed to give a multilateral inter-American agency an increasing share of responsibility for development assistance decisions. Either CIAP - the Inter-American Committee for the Alliance for Progress - or an entirely new agency would be given such a function. The objective, as President Nixon put it, would be "to evolve an effective multilateral framework for bilateral assistance, to provide the agency with all expert international staff and, over a period of time, give it major operational decision-making responsibilities." Thus, he added, "the Latin American nations themselves would partly assume a primary role in setting priorities within the hemisphere, in developing realistic programmes and in keeping their own performance under critical review." The idea behind the above proposal, as Latin American diplomats have pointed out, is not new. Similar functions were given to a committee known as the 9-wisemen established by the Organization of American States at the suggestion of President Kennedy. The members of this committee resigned during the Johnson Administration because their recommendations were never accepted. It is interesting to note in this connexion that the Latin American governments, earlier this year, assigned the same kind of role that Mr. Nixon has in mind to their own Special Co-ordinating Committee (CECLA), a body composed only of Latin American governments and organized to deal with the economic relations of the Latin American countries with the United States. Mr. Nixon's proposal would seem to weaken the role of CECLA by interposing CIAP or a new multi- national agency which would include the United States. As for the trade proposals outlined by President Nixon, the observations and comments made by some Latin American diplomats run along the following lines: With regard to the proposal to seek a reduction of non-tariff barriers to trade maintained by nearly all industrialized countries against Latin American products, it was pointed out that while this reflects one of the recommendations made in the Vina del Mar document, no mention was made by the President of specific schemes or target dates for implementing it. - 5 - At Vina del Mar for instance, the Latin American governments jointly proposed early negotiations with the U.S. on timetables for the elimination of tariff and non-tariff obstacles such as quotas, safety and health regulations, etc. to Latin American products. §/ With regard to President Nixon's pledge to support increased technical and financial assistance to promote expansion of Latin American trade, it was pointed out that specific measures for greater technical and financial co-operation to promote Latin American exports had been recommended in the Vina del Mar document. One such a recommendation was to increase the availability of funds and improve the use of regional machinery for financing Latin American exports, having regard to the need to grant such credits under terms and conditions which would maintain and improve the competitive capacity of Latin American products and their access to world markets. In this respect, the Vina del Mar document considered it important to revise the conditions for the use of funds from the Inter-American Development Bank in order to increase pre-loading credits, to make financing available for exports of manufactures and semi-manufactures and not to limit such loans to trade between Latin American countries, §/ As for President Nixon's pledge to support the establishment within the inter-American system of regular procedures for advance consultations on all trade matters before decisions affecting its members are taken, it was felt that though this was only a partial answer to the Vina del Mar suggestions, such procedures would, if effectively Implemented, undoubtedly be of great importance to Latin American countries, for It might afford a way to prevent the harmful effects that the practice of "dumping" agricultural and other products in the world market have had on Latin American economies. The proposal "to press in international trade forums for a liberal system of generalized tariff preferences for all developing countries, including Latin America" and to: "seek adoption by all industrialized countries of a scheme with broad product coverage and with no ceilings on preferential imports" was considered very Important and a major step towards promoting Latin American trade expansion and earning capacity, but it was noted that the President had given no indication for early action to achieve this goal nor had he offered alternative action on the part of the United States, should the other industrialized nations fail to agree to a generalized tariff preference for all developing nations. With reference to requests made in the Vina del Mar consensus for United States1 support to promote scientific and technological development in Latin America, President Nixon said that the United States "shall respond in a spirit of partnership." Also, in a brief reference to the question of Latin American economic integration, he stated that the United States stood ready to help in this effort. Stressing the importance of private Investment in economic development, President Nixon promised to examine ways "to modify United States direct investment controls in order to help meet the investments requirements of developing nations in Latin America and elsewhere; however, he said, the United States "will not encourage United States private investment where it is not wanted or where local political conditions face it with unwarranted risks." 8/ The Latin American consensus of Vina del Mar, page 9, 2/ Ibid, page 16. - 6 - While he did not specifically mention Peru's expropriation of the International Petroleum Company or Bolivia's nationalization of property of the Gulf Oil Company, President Nixon warned that a "capital-importing country must expect a serious impairment of its ability to attract investment funds vhen it acts against existing investments in a way which runs counter to commonly accepted norms of international law and behavior." The warning was apparently aimed at countries like Venezuela and Chile where there seem to be strong tendencies towards nationalization of U.S. enterprises. Finally, President Nixon announced a re-organization and upgrading of United States government structure for dealing with Latin America and said that he would request congress to raise the rank of the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs to Under-Secretary, thus giving the hemisphere a special representation. The new Under-Secretary would be given authority to co-ordinate all United States government activities in the hemisphere. This measure was considered to be more a symbolic gesture than a real strengthening of the Latin America position in the present Administration. General observations: (1) President Nixon's speech did not indicate any major change in United States' policy toward Latin America. It concentrated mostly on economic matters and the proposals outlined in this area were based on some of the recommendations of the Rockefeller report; it omitted references to military aid and security questions which were also the subject of recommendations in the Rockefeller report. (2) With regard to the economic issues, there was apprehension among some diplomats from the smaller countries that the aim of some of Mr. Nixon's proposals was to strengthen the position of the large Latin American countries by giving them certain advantages as has previously been indicated in this paper. (3) Although President Nixon hemself said that his economic proposals were consistent with thoughts expressed in the consensus of Vina del Mar, most of the proposals do not reflect the sepcific recommendations put forward by that consensus. For this reason, it is expected that the Latin American countries would seek* at the forthcoming meeting of CIES (Inter-American Economic and Social Council) , further answers to the recommendations made in the Vina del Mar consensus. Subsequent developments On 10 November, President Nixon probably responding to the Latin American feeling of urgency for action announced, on the occasion of the formal issuance of the Rockefeller report, that the industrialized nations had been invited to join the United States in granting special tariff preferences to all under- developed countries. He added that if an international agreement to that effect could not be negotiated "within a reasonable time, then the United States will be prepared to consider other alternative action it can take to assure that the American nations will have preferential access to the U.S. market". 1Q/ 10/ New York Times, 11 November 1969. - 7 - While the President did not indicate how soon his Administration would act in this respect, Governor Rockefeller, who stood beside the President, told correspondents that it would be "within a matter of months". The President also announced that Secretary of the Treasury, David M. Kennedy, had been instructed to study ways to re-finance the debts due to the United States by the latin American countries. Both measures which had been recommended in the Rockefeller report were considered to be of major significance to Latin American prospects for development and trade expansion and a major policy decision on the part of the United States. Following President Nixon's announcement on tariffs, the eighteen countries members of the European Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) submitted to UNCTAD on 14 November proposals for special tariff preferences to developing nations which would be the basis for negotiating an agreement on a system of generalized tariff preferences. On the same day, the State Department published, in Washington, the U.S. offer on preferences for developing countries as submitted to the Paris-based QBCD. ll/ ll/ New York Times, 15 November 1969. fWATXfrit C845Q IWTfl3 SSEWY8EK 139 STPB 24 I'TOIEST PC, . • . HIS EXCELLENCY MB RICHARD fl 0IXOK PgESXDEOT OF THE IfflXfEB .STATES THE SECOND UWIRfi OF KM) 0* tftE'Mtttf HtfE. POSSIBLE BY THE BRILLIMVT JfLISKT OF M»0Lt0 12 IS All IftSPtRIflB SEQUH, TO THE EPIC ftGHIEV£l9S»T OF APOtLO it* IBIS LATEST U!1MR EXPLOIT DEN08STRATES M0ST 8TR1XIN6LY THE MTUftAl ITR8E* THE O&tEflHItATlOff A»& THE QF MAiS TO BOILB UPOS P&Sf TO ADVANCE FRGK GHE SUCCESS TO MOTHER* IBTHEPlD'lttll IB MOV PE0SRES8E0 FROfl M1SM ftBVEOTUEE A*0 DISCOVERY TO AND THE AMASSm OF K«G«L£B8£- 18 A fR&CESS UNXfiUE TO THE HUMAN SPECIES* 1 WISH T8 CDBVEY TO YOU, tm* PRE5lB$ftTt AMD 'THReUOH YOU TO THE ASTRBfiAIITS* GHA^ES P3/39 COMRADv JS*, RICHARD F, WlffiOttt «IR*t AMI *tiA?l L* BEAH« TO THEIR FAttILIES» TO ALL TWSSE IHtSE C9W.I8EI>' EFFORTS HAVE HADE APOLLO 12 *S VOYASE POSSIBLE, AW TO THE PEOPL£ W THE y«ITE& STATES «Y WETEB PC ig It 62450 or MiBMS OF IMfl GH !BGE MAHi BJT BSIUIAIffl FLlgllf 11. $0 BUI22) IffQB BiffilFJll MSI H SPACE mi 20 sKnoBmoK ABC QF SO , JK., ASS ALMJf L. IS1* , ARB S33fflBS MIT SECRETARY-GEHERAL'S MESSAGE ON APOLLO 12 The second landing of man on the moon made possible by the brilliant flight of Apollo 12, is an inspiring sequel to the epic achievement of Apollo 11. This latest lunar exploit demonstrates most strikingly the natural urge, the determination and the capacity of man to build upon past achievements and to advance from one success Q£/ to another. Intrepid men in space have now progress/from high adventure S\ and discovery to exploration and the amassing of knowledge in a process unique to the human species. I wish to convey to you, Mr. President, and through you to the astronauts, Charles Conrad, Jr., Richard F. Gordon, Jr., and Allan L. Bean, to their families, to all those whose combined efforts have made Apollo 12rs voyage possible, and to the people of the United States my heartiest congratulations and good wishes. ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION T0* The Secretary-General AS FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FDR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMATION In the event that you may wish to send a message of congratulations to the President of the United States on the Mission of Apollo 12, I am forwarding you herewith a draft text. Date: FROM: 19.11.69. L.Kutakov CR. 13 (11-64) DRAFT MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY-GENERAL TO PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES ON APOLLO 12 The second landing of men on the moon is no less an inspiring event for all mankind than that of the first landing. We see, in the success of Apollo 12, renewed evidence of man^s ability to master the tremendous challenges placed before him, and we take renewed hope that other challenges facing mankind will be met with the same courage, imagination and skill. I wish to convey to you, Mr. President, and through you to the astronauts, Charles Conrad, Jr., Richard F. Gordon, Jr., and Allan L. Bean, to their families, to all those who made their voyage possible and to the people of the United States, my warmest congratulations and good wishes. THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE UNITED NATIONS December 3, 1969 Excellency: I have the honor to transmit the following message from the President of the United States of America: "Dear Mr. Secretary-General: "The crew of Apollo XII and my fellow Americans join me in expressing thanks for your warm words of congratulations. The feeling of pride evoked by this latest scientific achievement, however, should be shared by all the people of this planet, for it is to the benefit of all men that these efforts are dedicated. "Sincerely, "Richard Nixon" Accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration. Yost His Excellency U Thant, Secretary-General of the United Nations. UN-355V631 CC; THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE UNITED NATIONS OFFICIAL BUSINESS His Excellency U Thantj — Secretary-General of the United Nations, NEW YORK TIMES, Saturday, 20 December tfn Statu^ s of U.N. Officials WASHINGTON, Dec TO (AP —Presiden t Nixon asked the iSenate today to ratify an inter national agreement that woulc specify the privileges and im muhities'bf United .Nations iof-j ficials and / representativees ot United Nations: members while they are in New York on offi- ,cial business. i The General Assembly unani- mously Approved the agreement back m 1946 but the Senate never has acted on it. Under present law, Mr. Nixon said: "Full diplomatic status is not accorded to the secretary general, to under secretaries general or to nonresident repre-1 sentatives from .other countries to., the United .^Nations meet- ings " He said that early Senate ratification^would "close these! and ot^er ^anomalous and umnJ CONFIDENTIAL ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION J Af°S The Secretary-General FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDS NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMATION I am forwarding herewith the attached paper for your personal information. Date: FROM: DE: 19.3.70 L.Kutakov CR. 13 (11-64) IT fee& 19TO D3SABMAMENX AmiBS DIVISION OM Mi&mEg smmx Aim PISABMAMHUT ASPECTS OF suxoH's EEPQEJ? 5 9 sespeet "to saatieaal &sf«Bs©s ce^taia tljat. fos* ©a tlie -^©02^ if w® wss1® snag1© Soviet attaefe c iat© aeeojmt (i) pote^tSal threats ttot ^® 00S0A0 EJ^I its a3Lli@s fee® A I0So f«r ®i sasO^sa©- off psssibl® HaS0 if iS'l stash outbacks might an ®$p'©sm to llsit @trat@gie safgfct "be :e It is smicl in -®se goal ©f to Is©fiS&l et o mmat iss tfe© fieM ef Iss -Bi®.t 30 Bae UoS8 miiitas^r flayee® [email protected] Is© espesteS "is ©eg® ®sstis<@ @pects%a of thsmts"' £&s&Bg its allies e^ potential of x?hi€h is €2^bs4 ©s a wl issfestaSsi -fter©i0 fgg* ©feas&tassssasl^1 a isa ©ssuas© As ©OEsag'&i wI1&L a psss^&asat position ia th© s'Qjpes^j;, jfliile the tallss t© the SALT0 Ps<©gifeit MiK©n% ©esgage s®t©s that the task @? t^@ tsDlss is "to aaalgrse -^s® issues tshi^i i-jowlfi feave to b 3?®®©!^©! b©foa?@ a iatifsfaet®^ ©gg'i®^©at Ttf®t0.d ba s-©ae&@&" as^ ps-eltoims^- talks in Sslsiski as© assessed is the beea "serioas and %t£@ift@@@-*lils@<*s ©^^ tfeoi-gsi c©Eifin©d to th@ of Imeie ps>ixieipi®s'@M objeetiveso "F^a a taseussloj of <> Tmsle priaelplQS and o^j@€t£ve@ @ tlia USA plems to EO-IT® ia April y to •Vi«un&p "to E©s?® specific posltiojs"0 ®&e sr®BO£^ contains SOSES iafaamiatloa on the methoSs aad isodels w@^s tsse& ''fo? the pregss^atloa of -fee IMitsd States p^sitioa for t&s SALT0 Bae lnroMea of Teyiflcatlosa is once ©gain s?ef e^g-eiS, tso as taat faetor of ©u^ ffetura agrs®a^it In ets'sj.tsgie sssas I^aitati©a ie ffiadeD fc.owe^<3rp of th@ reluetaace of the- -Soviet teioxi to Stste® . s©sas to p'ut less g©llaae® oa iatessatieaal asaspsstioa0 i^si^ has to b© a sts^blissgfeloeJ st< o possible progress is tMs fleldo la ssns«tioarj tli© g^^os't mjes-sSa -^a© inteatiea of ta&e United States to isso it® oua Iat©lli®i5ms@ tSiae pE^fel^ ©f ©a@«»sifeS ^eslfieatiosi ©s1 eootblaatlons ©f 3.1mitatiosss0 Hies® feailS^g bloeks ^arimts positions i&idti esa te g^cupeS ira th£*s® in ^e J^©sideatfls tsesds will usable $&@ USA "to of Smriet proposals0' „ It, MaitatiosB oa a^mbera of E5ls@il©s0 A esiliag ^cald be 7 c,eo these optloss tswald st&p the seas ©? sll sts^tegie tative net enl^r lissit the salssiles butj also as ©sssassats &as 4?isks of be A sftssw el^eat s® ©tessssd in ©a th@ of States wisa the of lialtstioss ca steategie arssraeats it-3 valus ©f ^as SoTi©t u§®& &s& oal^- fos? - |j«e©sa@ s?eal to It is Bfe®; lifeeMXRir always is also weap^s® ©si& gsiate eat tfeat ^e JOSai-Sesl Stats© *%ill n to *§§§ latJial p2*©g5?8£!3 ^ail@,ts2®2l3rfl f^issM©^ Uissja ^^affSssas his iat^atloa " K O ia tke ©5?®a to th© ^ast oee^n 'floss^ fes1 the issp©j?taaee ef an iat@£^iatl€im o^ ws.p©sa® &t Mass d@§teiaetloa ^i the §tga«=>&g& sss®. points out ©? ®11 aatioas IK^ ^osaM be to ao jjatisn's to ia tola aasi aatlballisti© OS » to his assim! r^g®rt t® the will £ ft A& O a thi?t Mismstema to SMff. in la as s^tiel® ©a the p?iiatefi la Ptega ©B f 9 • la •=» JJL «s tSsis @Esl It r.: ©& a si@s that tt@ US will allies is in TO H@ saw a 2© to IftrasfiCL ',V^-,|j[$W, YORK TIMES, Thursday, l6 April 1970 lln Recovery of Astronauts By RICHARD D. LYONS L Special to The Hew York Times i ' i , WASHINGTON, April 15 — President Nixon today re- ceived offers of assistance in recovering the Apollo 13 astronauts from a dozen nations^ j-anging from the Soviet e'd ; that" t'jvo' Soviet merchant:fMpsf:.'Bfitish papers"played;the I Union to the small ^Aftfcai ships had been_ordered to sa of, the flight. . . .,£. pews over the most'Vimportant ' republix c ~o-f ~*u*u*iulBurundi., 'londbn.^UJLJlUUllf; to the expected splashdown ^domestic story in months — a j Paris, Moscow and Brasilia The President 'also postponed ar ea!in the Pacific Ocean. a speech about Vietnam that ( new budget that cut taxes. sent messages offering ships "We follow (wlth concern the 1 had . been set for tomorrow In the corridors of Spain's to help in rescue operations! flight of the spacecraft Apollo [parliament, in small villages in if necessary. night because, as Mr. Ziegler 13, which is in an emergency put it, "he doesn't want to pre- Sicily, on street corners in , Most of the countries offering condition," Mr. Kosygin's mes Belfast, almost everywhere in empt television time while there sage said. "I would like to in- aid have signed the Interna- is a concentration on the safe [Europe, people talked in grave tional Agreement for the Safe form you that the Soviet Gov- tones of the crippled spacecraft. return of Apollo 13." ernment has ordered the civil- Return of Astronauts that was A new delivery date has not "We know human suffering ian and military authorities of here", said Vito Bellafiore, the drafted two years ago by the been set for the address, which the Soviet Union to use, in case (United Nations. Since then,! is believed to contain plans for Mayor of Santa Ninfa, a town ,of necessity, all means to help in western Sicily that was dev- more than 75 nations,' including I new troop withdrawals from rescue the American astro- the United States and the So- South Vietnam. nauts." astated by an earthquake in viet Union, have signed the Messages Offer Aid January. "After the finst Apollo pact. . . "On behalf of the Soviet The White House and NASA Government," the message said, success people did lose interest; National Aeronautics and it seemed that it was only a headquarters reported that "I wish to express to you the mechanical exercise. Now we Space Administration' officials most of the messages offering hope that the courageous astro- see again the human drama, said foreign assistance in Fri- aid had been transmitted nauts Lovell, Swigert and Haise and all our worry is for those day's recovery operations in through United States Am- return safely to the earth." three lonely men." bassadors. the Pacific would probably not' Two Ships Sent Dr. Eugene Carson Blake, be necessary. Brazil, for example, wired general secretary of the World that "arrangements will be Tass said the diesel ships Council of Churches, said in However, Mr. Nixon consid- made to provide every assist- Academician Rykachev and No- Geneva today that the people ers the gestures of aid "out- ance to the astronauts." A vopolotsk had been ordered to of the world were praying for standing examples of interna- message from Buenos Aires "set sail for the area of. the the safe return of the astro- tional cooperation," according said, "The Government of Ar-expected splashdown." nauts. gentina stands ready to assist Some observers in Europe to his press secretary, Ronald in any way possible should the The Rykachev is named for L. Ziegler. Mikhail A. Rykachev, a Rus- suggested that the United astronauts land in the vicinity States should now slow the of Argentina." isian meteorologist who made Nixon Kept Informed a .number of balloon flights in pace of its space_ efforts. The For^a time yesterday it was London Times said that what- Throughout the day, Mr. believed that the Apollo 13 the 19th century while doing ever the outcome, Apollo 13 command module might be research on the properties of Nixbn was kept informed of the the atmosphere. The Novo- wojild leave "a scar on the latest developments in the trou-i forced to land in the South American space program." It Atlantic, an area where no polotsk is named for a Soviet :said,, "The best outcome of thej bled Apollo 13 mission by Col. United States recovery ships Icity. The ships were ordered ;"t5'acciderit Will be a greater sensei Michael Collins, the former are stationed. ; -of deliberation in-the. explorar astronaut 'who now is an As- Offers of help were also re- do their utmost in helping" re; {ion of .spaced' '•'..-.. - ' ,ii ceived from South Africa, cover the astronauts, Tass said. sistant Secretary of State. When the ships received the Colonel Collins acted as liaison, Greece and Pakistan, nation^ with which the United States order, the Rykachev was re- between the White House and ported to be near the Fiji Is- ; has;. been having difficult -rela- the. Manned Spacecraft Center tions. lands bound for New Zealand in Houston. Messages were received from with a cargo of wool. The No- Italy, the Malagasay Republic vopolotsk was bound for Aus- Because of .the,-, mishaps tralia with a i cargo that in- arid Senegal. ; aboard Apollo 13, Mr. Nixon The space treaty commits any cluded machinery.! Her precise canceled his scheduled appear- signatory to "take all possible situation was not disclosed. ance before a group of Repub- steps" to, rescue and give .as- lican headers here tonight and sistance to any spacecraft perT Europeans Hopeful ipjarm'ed ..t'p: follow the progress. sonriel who might land in its Special to The ITew York Tlmei national jurisdiction. .Astronauts "shall !be safely and promptly LONDON, April 15 -T-. Euro- returned to 'representatives of peans followed >the plight of ;the, 'launching authority," .the the crew of Apollo 13 today, ; with heightened anxiety, voic- treaty states. - ,-, :'. , .;.,.;in' g both hope and confidence that the three astronauts would •'Soviet Ships Alerted be .returned safely. .l . : , By JAMES F. CLARITY Ships and aircraft of Britain, •'.;•]''Special to TheNew York Tiroes : West Germany, Spain, Italy MOSCOW,. April 15-^Premfer and South. Africa were stand- Aleksei N., Kosygin: offered' So,- ing by to provide aid if heeded. viet 'help...today to rescue, .the Pope Paul VI again prayed : Applloi 13 astronauts..; 'for! these brave men 'now in Tass, the official Soviet press danger." •• • "" agency, announced that Mr. Th%un.folding drama clearly Kd^ygin had offered the assist- oyersh|dowedy,all- ;other.: events ance in a message^ to President in .newspapers' arid cpny&sa-. 1 : Nix!pn.(Th<%agency