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The Relationship Between Bangladeshi Immigrant Parents and Their Children in Portugal: Focus on Education and Sociability Aspect

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The Relationship Between Bangladeshi Immigrant Parents and Their Children in Portugal: Focus on Education and Sociability Aspect The relationship between Bangladeshi immigrant parents and their children in Portugal: Focus on Education and Sociability Aspect Submitted by MAHMUDUL HASSAN A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Erasmus Mundus Master’s Programme in Social Work with Families and Children Supervised by Dr Joana Fonseca França Azevedo, Assistant Professor, ISCTE-IUL, Portugal Dr Rui Pedro Pena Pires, Full Professor, ISCTE-IUL, Portugal ISCTE- University Institute of Lisbon, Portugal June 2020 © Copyright by Mahmudul Hassan 2020 All rights reserved ii The relationship between Bangladeshi immigrant parents and their children in Portugal: Focus on Education and Sociability Aspect A dissertation submitted by MAHMUDUL HASSAN Approved as to style and content by: Joana Fonseca França Azevedo, Supervisor Rui Pedro Pena Pires, Supervisor Pedro Vasconcelos Coordinator European Master in Social Work with Families and Children (MFamily) ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, Portugal iii DEDICATION To my family members especially my mother and Jesmin Aktar. Also, the immigrant Bangladeshi families all over the world. iv Acknowledgments First and foremost, I am grateful to the Almighty Allah that he kept me physically and mentally fit during the conduction of this study in this COVID-19 global pandemic. Also, I would like to take the opportunity to express my deepest gratitude and sincere appreciation to my supervisors, Dr. Joana Fonseca França Azevedo and Dr. Rui Pedro Pena Pires from ISCTE- IUL, Portugal. The completion of this dissertation would not have been possible without the insightful guidance, direction, and support of Dr. Joana throughout this research journey. Besides, I would also like to convey my sincere gratitude to Dr. Pedro Vasconcelos, coordinator, European Master in Social Work with Families and Children (MFamily) at ISCTE- University Institute of Lisbon, Portugal for his continuous guidance, motivation, and care. I would especially like to thank the participants of this study- immigrant Bangladeshi parents and children for their participation and sharing their family relationship experiences with me. It was an exciting experience to know about their family life, relationship patterns, attitude, and views though they are living outside of Bangladesh, etc. I am grateful to Dr. Vishanthie Sewpaul from the University of Kwazulu Natal, Dr. José Mapril from Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Dr. Ana Raquel Matias and Dr. Pablo Álvarez-Pérez from ISCTE-IUL, Dr. Evelyn Khoo from the University of Gothenburg, and other professors for their encouragements, comments, suggestions, and critiques that helped to enrich my study. I am extending my thanks to those who supported me in reaching participants, doing quick transcription and translation of interviews especially Ashiq, Jesmin Aktar, Mentahum Jannat Arfin, Rakib, and Rajmee Bhai. Also, I am grateful to Mohammad Mostafizur Rahman Khan, Ph.D. Fellow, School of Social Work, IUPUI, USA for his valuable comments and suggestions on my findings. I am deeply thankful to all my MFamily colleagues especially Sabba Shrestha, Kutu Obeng, Betelhem Birhanu, Ziyun Huang, and Ms. Bala for their support in data analysis and peer debriefing. My MFamily colleagues supported me to be physically fit and psychologically strong during the lockdown situation due to the COVID-19 global pandemic. I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards the Erasmus Mundus MFAMILY consortium committee and the European Commission for allowing me to be a part of the MFAMILY program. I am grateful to all my professors from ISCTE-IUL, Portugal, University of Stavanger, Norway, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Makerere University, Uganda, and other visiting professors who taught me in this master’s program and enabled me for the completion of this research work. Finally, I would like to acknowledge my family member: my mother, my sisters, uncles, brother-in-law, and others whose love, care, trust, and support brought me here today. This journey would not be the same without their trust, patience, and sacrifice. v Abstract The relationship between Bangladeshi immigrant parents and their children in Portugal: Focus on Education and Sociability Aspect MAHMUDUL HASSAN Keywords: Immigrant Bangladeshi families, immigrant parent-children relationship, education and migration, Bangladeshi families in Europe, and parent-children relationship in immigrant Bangladeshi families. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between immigrant Bangladeshi parents and their children in Portugal in terms of education and sociability of children. As this study was about the relationship in immigrant Bangladeshi families, four Bangladeshi immigrant families, who had been living in Lisbon, were purposively selected. Using the snowball sampling, four parents (3 fathers and one mother) and four children (son) were reached to collect the data. In this study, the qualitative research approach was followed, and data were gathered through semi-structured interview guides. The study findings showed that immigrant Bangladeshi parents and children have a positive relationship but with some diversifications. Though parents cannot support children in their studies directly due to language barriers, busy work schedules, and lack of knowledge about the Portuguese education system, they have diverse strategies such as sending children in private schools, recruiting private teachers and monitoring their study progress, etc. In sociability aspects, children’s attitudes were found to align with the parent’s expectations. Children and immigrant Bangladeshi parents were found highly influenced by religious belief and Bangladeshi culture with respect to dating and selecting life partners. Children were loyal to their parents, show respect, and recognizes the parent’s hardship. On the other hand, parents recognized their responsibility towards children’s education and sociability. It was recommended that both parents and children should develop a friendly and sharing relationship for better family functioning. vi Table of Contents Page No. Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................v Abstract ................................................................................................................................ vi List of Figures ...................................................................................................................... ix List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... ix Abbreviations .........................................................................................................................x Chapter One: Introduction ......................................................................................................1 1.1 Background of the Study ...............................................................................................1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ..............................................................................................2 1.3 Objective and Research Questions ................................................................................4 1.4 Significance of the Study ..............................................................................................5 Chapter Two: Literature Review and Theoretical Framework .................................................7 2.1 Definition of Key Terms Used ......................................................................................7 2.2 International Migration: An Overview ..........................................................................8 2.3 Migration Trend in Portugal ........................................................................................ 10 2.3.1 Bangladeshi Residents in Portugal ........................................................................ 11 2.4 Family Relationship and Parenting in Bangladesh ....................................................... 12 2.5 Parents-Children Relationship ..................................................................................... 16 2.5.1 Immigrant Parent-Children Relationship: Global Contexts ................................... 16 2.5.2 Immigrant Parent-Children Relationship: Bangladesh Perspectives ...................... 22 2.5.3 Acculturation Gap ................................................................................................ 24 2.6 Theoretical Framework ............................................................................................... 26 Chapter Three: Methodology ................................................................................................ 29 3.1 Research Method ........................................................................................................ 29 3.1.1 Epistemological and Ontological Stance ............................................................... 31 3.2 Study Area, Population and Sample of the study ......................................................... 31 3.3 Participant Selection: Sample Strategy ........................................................................ 32 3.3.1 Selection of Immigrant Bangladeshi Parents ......................................................... 33 3.3.2 Selection of Children (1.5 generation and second generation) ............................... 34 3.4 Data Collection tools and technique ...........................................................................
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