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Bahasa Ciacia Dan Aksara Kontemporernya

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Bahasa Ciacia Dan Aksara Kontemporernya BAHASA CIACIA DAN AKSARA KONTEMPORERNYA Kisyani-Laksono, Yunissefendri, dan Dianita Indrawati Universitas Negeri Surabaya Abstract The Ciacia language is a regional language in Indonesia that has used Hangul Korean characters since 2008. Before using Hangul script, Ciacia language used Wolio script (but later did not match) and then used Hangul script. Therefore, in the Ciacia language, Hangul characters can be called contemporary characters. This paper aims to find the right script for the language. The method of study is a comparison method. Comparative study of three letters: Wolio, Latin, and Hangul indicate that Latin characters can be used to write the Ciacia language. Keywords: Ciacia Language, Hangul Characters, Wolio, Latin; contemporary PENDAHULUAN Sunda, Jawa, Lampung, Rencong, Batak Karo, Aksara merupakan sistem tanda grafis Lontara (Bugis-Makassar), Jawi/Arab Pegon, yang mewakili ujaran yang digunakan manusia Latin. Berdasarkan bentuk aksara ini tampak untuk berkomunikasi. Saat ini ada beberapa bahwa sebenarnya wilayah Indonesia dulu sangat aksara yang terancam punah dan ada juga aksara kental dengan pengaruh India dan Arab. Bahkan yang bertahan dan bahkan berkembang. Dari Istilah Aksara Nusantara sering dikaitkan dengan berbagai aksara yang ada, aksara Latin aksara hasil inkulturisasi kebudayaan India merupakan aksara yang dapat diterima oleh sebelum berkembangnya Agama Islam di sebagian besar bahasa. Padsa dasarnya aksara Nusantara dan sebelum kolonialisasi bangsa- Latin merupakan aksara alfabetis yang mula- bangsa Eropa di Nusantara (wikipedia.org, mula digunakan untuk bahasa Latin sekitar abad 2015). ke-7 SM, kemudian untuk bahasa di Eropa Barat dan berbagai bahasa lain di dunia. Selain aksara Aksara Hangul sebenarnya merupakan Latin, ada juga aksara nasional yang bertahan aksara klasik yang sudah sangat lama digunakan sampai saat ini, antara lain aksara Kanji, di Korea. Akan tetapi dalam bahasa Ciacia, Hiragana Katakana, Hangul, Arab, Kiril, Sirilik, aksara Hangul baru digunakan pada tahun 2008 Thai. berdasarkan perjanjian kerja sama antara pemerintah Kabupaten Baubau dengan pihak Di Indonesia, dikenal istilah aksara Korea. Sebelumnya bahasa Ciacia menggunakan nusantara, yakni beragam aksara atau tulisan aksara Jawi/Arab Pegon. Karena merupakan hal yang digunakan di Nusantara untuk secara yang relatif baru dan baru digunakan, aksara khusus menuliskan bahasa daerah tertentu. hangul untuk bahasa Ciacia dapat disebut Berdasarkan sejarah, ada beragam aksara di sebagai aksara kontemporer. Indonesia, antara lain: Pallawa, Kawi, Bali, 55 Tulisan ini bertujuan menemukan aksara yang tepat untuk bahasa. Adapun metode kajiannya menggunakan metode perbandingan dengan membandingkan realisasi bunyi bahasa Ciacia dalam aksara Hangul, Wolio, dan Latin. BAHASA CIACIA Bahasa Ciacia merupakan salah satu bahasa daerah di Indonesia yang dituturkan oleh sebagian masyarakat di Kabupaten Buton dan sebagian Kabupaten Wakatobi, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Bahasa Ciacia termasuk dalam rumpun Muna Buton, Austronesia Barat. Penutur bahasa Ciacia terdapat di Kabupaten Buton (Pulau Butung/Buton) dan Pulau Binongko (Pulau paling selatan dari Kabupaten Wakatobi). Penutur bahasa Ciacia berasal dari empat subetnis, yaitu: Laporo, Burangasi, Wabula, dan Lapandewa. Mata pencaharian sebagian besar masyarakat di daerah itu adalah bertanam jagung, padi, singkong, serta nelayan atau membuat kapal. Hal itu menunjukkan Gambar 1. bahwa sebagian besar dari mereka adalah petani Peta Kepulauan Sulawesi Tenggara dan nelayan. Berikut adalah wilayah pakai bahasa Ciacia (di dalam kotak merah). Selain bahasa Ciacia, di Pulau Buton terdapat juga bahasaMuna, bahasa Lasalimu- Kamaru, bahasa Sasak. Dibandingkan dengan bahasa lain di Pulau Buton, bahasa Ciacia merupakan bahasa tersendiri dengan persentase perbedaan berkisar antara85--91%. Data tahun2005 menunjukkan ada sekitar 80.000 penutur bahasa Ciacia, 95% diantaranya beragama Islam. Bahasa Ciacia merupakan bahasa daerah yang terbanyak penuturnya jika dibandingkan dengan bahasa daerah lain yang ada di Buton Raya. Tahun ini (2015) angka itu Jurnal Budaya Nusantara Vol. 1 No. 1 | 56 menyusut drastis karena sebagian besar anak- dari penelitian Hanan adalah wilayah SDB yang anak—khususnya di kota--mulai berpindah ke tiga desanya termasuk dalam Kecamatan bahasa Indonesia. Sorawolio merupakan daerah relik untuk bahasa Dalam hal identifikasi dialek, Pusat Ciacia. bahasa (2008) menyebutkan bahasa Ciacia Untuk melestarikan dan/atau terdiriatas lima dialek, yaitu: (1)dialek mengembangkan bahasa Ciacia diselenggarakan Lapandewa; (2) dialek Kancinaa; (3)dialek kongres bahasa daerah dan upaya Masiri;(4)dialekGondaBaru; dan (5)dialek menumbuhkan kebanggaan berbahasa Ciacia. Kumbewaha. Selain itu, berdasarkan Akan tetapi, ternyata ini bukan obat mujarab penghitungan dialektometri, persentase antar untuk pelestariannya. Secara umum ada dua cara dialek tersebut berkisar antara 60--78%. Adapun untuk menjaga kelestarian bahasa Ciacia, yakni Summer Institute of Linguistic (SIL) berangapan dengan melakukan dokumentasi (transkrip ke bahwa Kumbewaha merupakan bahasa dalam bentuk tulisan) dan/atau melindungi tersendiri. Hasildari Pusat Bahasa menunjukkan penggunaannya oleh penutur aslinya (cf. Halim, bahwa isolek Kumbewaha merupakan dialek dari 1980). Akan tetapi, cara kedua lebih sulit karena bahasa Ciacia dengan persentase 58,89%. memerlukan pemantauan terus-menerus. Oleh Penelitian terbaru yang dilakukan oleh Hanan sebab itu, cara pertama diangap lebih praktis dan (2014) terhadap 23 isolek Ciacia pelestariannya lebih konkret terwujud. menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Ciacia dapat dibagi Salah satu upaya pendokumentasian atas dua dialek. Satu dialek beranggotakan dua adalah menuliskan kembali bahasa tersebut. puluh dua isolek dan yang satunya adalah dialek Padahal, bahasa Ciacia merasa tidak memiliki Kumbewaha. Untuk mewakili penamaan dua aksara (aksara Jawi dan Lontara dianggap kurang dialek tersebut dia menamakan Dialek Ciacia 1 cocok) Pendokumentasian merupakan upaya (DCC1) dan Dialek Ciacia 2 (DCC2). Dialek untuk menuliskan kembali bahasa tersebut. Ciacia 1 terdiri atas tujuh subdialek, yaitu Dalam bahasa Ciacia, misalnya, subdialek A atau SDA, di Rongi; SDB di pendokumentasian telah dilakukan dengan Gonda Baru, Karya Baru, Kaisabu Baru penyusunan ”Kamus Istilah Pertanian Bahasa (ketiganya di Kec Sorawolio), Warinta, dan Ciacia” yang dihasilkan oleh Chun Tai Hyun Ambuau; SDC di Takimpo; SDD di Bola Kec dari Faculty of Interpretation and Translation, Batuaga, Poogalampa Kec, Batuaga, dan Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (15 September Sampolawa; SDE di Masiri, Kec. Batuaga; 2011). Kamus ini disusun dengan model bahasa SDF di Lapandewa dan Burangasi (Kec Indonesia sebagai lema, disusul dengan Lapandewa), Tira, Wali, dan Batuatas; SDG di penulisan aksara Hangul (bahasa Ciacia), Wabula, Wasampela, Holimombo Jaya, kemudian bahasa Inggris, dan aksara Hangul. Kancinaa, Wolowa, dan Matanauwe. Hasil lain Karena bahasa Ciacia menggunakan aksara Jurnal Budaya Nusantara Vol. 1 No. 1 | 57 Hangul, hanya orang yang paham aksara Hangul aksara gundhul,akan berbeda makna jika setelah lah yang dapat membaca kamus tersebut. ditulis dan diucapkan.Mereka berkeyakinan Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, Amirul bahwa dengan aksara Hangul Korea, semua Tamim (Wali Kota Bau-Bau) menyampaikan bunyi dalam bahasa Ciacia dapat ditulis. Selain bahwa “Dalam konteks bahasa, salah satu itu, penggunaan aksara Hangul juga masalah besar yang mesti dihadapi adalah dimaksudkan sebagai langkah antisipasi bagaimana melestarikan berbagai bahasa daerah kepunahan bahasa yang bertebaran di seluruh penjuru kota ini. Ciacia(http://www.baubaukota.go.id/). Pada Tanpa upaya pelestarian, bahasa-bahasa tersebut akhirnya, pemerintah Kota Bau-Bau menjalin akan menjadi monumen yang hanya bisa kerjasama dengan Korea untuk melestarikan dikenang oleh orang-orang. pada zaman global bahasa Cia-Cia melalui adaptasi aksara Hangul sebagaimana saat ini, bahasa lokal perlahan ke dalam kurikulum muatan lokal. Kebijakan ini menjadi nyanyian sunyi yang tidak diperhatikan dianggap sebuah langkah strategis untuk sehingga ada kekhawatiran akan kepunahan pada menyelamatkan bahasa Cia-Cia sebagai salah masa-masa mendatang. Untuk itu, upaya-upaya satu bahasa daerah yang banyak penggunanya. pelestarian dan revitalisasi mesti dilakukan demi Kerja sama antara Baubau dan Korea itu akan menyelamatkan khasanah kebudayaan tersebut.” diperluas sehingga tidak hanya menyentuh wilayah kebudayaan, tetapi juga merambah ke Pada masa pemerintahan Amirul berbagai bidang, mulai dari pertanian, Tamin, tahun 2008, Kota Baubau memutuskan peternakan, hingga sektor lainnya. Penggunaan aksara Hangul dari Korea digunakan untuk aksara Hangul dalam bahasa Ciacia tertuang menulis bahasa Ciacia sebagai salah satu usaha dalam MOU antara Korea dengan Walikota pelestariannya. Aksara tersebut juga diajarkan Baubau yang menerang jelaskan berbagai fasilitas disekolah dengan buku yang dihasilkan oleh yang dapat diperoleh Baubau jika menerima dan Persatuan Hunminjeongeum, sebuah institut di menggunakan aksara tersebut. Dari kerja sama Korea yang menyebarkan penggunaan abjad ini telah tersusun kamus pertanian seperti yang Korea. Sebelumnya, bahasa Ciacia menggunakan telah diungkapkan sebelumnya, buku ajar aksara Jawi atau aksara “Gundhul” (Arab). untuk SD, dan pengetahuan pertanian dalam Aksara Hangul Korea dipilih dengan anggapan aksara Hangul. Penggunaan aksara Hangul bahwa aksara tersebut cocok dengan system dimulai dari buku siswa SD,
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