Forest Stewardship Council®
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Forest Stewardship Council® FSC Centralized National Risk Assessment Country: Canada Analysis of sources of information and evidence for Controlled Wood Category 2 (Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights) Scale of Risk Sources of information Evidence risk indication1 assessment Context (the following are indicators that help to contextualize the information from other sources) Searching for data on: level of corruption, governance, lawlessness, fragility of the State, freedom of journalism, freedom of speech, peace, human rights, armed or violent conflicts by or in the country, etc. World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators - the WGIs http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#reports (click on table country report aggregate and individual governance view tab and select Canada) indicators for 215 countries (most recently for 1996–2012), for In 2012 (latest available year) Canada scores between 88.15 and 95.69 on the six dimensions of governance: Voice percentile rank among all countries for all six dimensions (the scores range and Accountability; Political Stability and Absence of Violence; from 0 (lowest) to 100 (highest) rank) with higher values corresponding to Government Effectiveness; Regulatory better outcomes). Quality; Rule of Law; Control of Corruption http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#home World Bank Harmonized List of Fragile Situations: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTLICUS/Resources/511777- country http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTLICUS/Resources/5117 1269623894864/Fragile_Situations_List_FY11_%28Oct_19_2010%29.pdf 77- Canada does not feature on this list. 1269623894864/Fragile_Situations_List_FY11_%28Oct_19_2 010%29.pdf Committee to Protect Journalists: Impunity Index http://cpj.org/killed/americas/canada/ country CPJ's Impunity Index calculates the number of unsolved Two journalists killed in Canada since 1992 (1 in 1995 and 1 in 1998). No links journalist murders as a percentage of each country's with timber mentioned. population. For this index, CPJ examined journalist murders 1 A risk indication is provided for each source analyzed, except in the first part that addresses the general country context as that is not a risk indicator. A cumulative risk assessment for each risk indicator is provided in the row with the conclusion on each risk indicator, based on all the sources analyzed and evidence found. 1 of 57 FSC International Center GmbH · Charles-de-Gaulle-Straße 5 · 53113 Bonn · Germany · T +49 (0) 228 367 66 0 · F +49 (0) 228 367 66 30 · [email protected] · www.fsc.org· FSC® F000100 Geschäftsführer | Director: Dr. Hans-Joachim Droste · Handelsregister | Commercial register: Bonn HRB12589 Forest Stewardship Council® that occurred between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2013, and that remain unsolved. Only those nations with five or more unsolved cases are included on this index. http://cpj.org/reports/2014/04/impunity-index-getting-away- with-murder.php Carleton University: Country Indicators for Foreign Policy: the http://www4.carleton.ca/cifp/app/serve.php/1419.pdf country Failed and Fragile States project of Carleton University Canada scores ‘low’ on State fragility map 2011. examines state fragility using a combination of structural data and current event monitoring http://www4.carleton.ca/cifp/ffs.htm Human Rights Watch: http://www.hrw.org http://www.hrw.org/world-report/2014/country-chapters/canada country “[…] serious human rights concerns demand remedial action by federal and provincial governments, particularly with regard to the rights of the indigenous peoples of Canada, people impacted abroad by Canada’s extractive industries, and ethnic and religious minorities in Quebec. Recent federal government actions undermining the ability of civil society organizations to engage in advocacy impede progress on a range of human rights issues. (see further under 2.3) US AID: www.usaid.gov No information found on specified risks after searching Canada + ‘human country Search on website for [country] + ‘human rights’ ‘conflicts’ rights’ ‘conflicts’ ‘timber conflicts’ ‘conflict timber’ For Africa and Asia also use: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnact462.pdf Global Witness: www.globalwitness.org No information found on specified risks after searching Canada + ‘human country Search on website for [country] +‘human rights’ ‘conflicts’ rights’ ‘conflicts’ ‘timber conflicts’ ‘conflict timber’ http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/about_forests/deforestat http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/about_forests/deforestation/forest_illegal country ion/forest_illegal_logging/ _logging/ “Illegal logging occurs in all types of forests, across all continents, from Brazil to Canada, Cameroon to Kenya, and from Indonesia to Russia, destroying nature and wildlife, damaging communities and distorting trade. […]Illegal logging is a major problem in the Congo Basin and the Amazon. But it also happens in Canada and across Europe.“ No specific information. Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index Canada scores 81 points on the Corruption Perceptions Index 2013 on a scale country http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2013/results/ from 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). Canada ranks 9 out of 177 with rank 2 of 57 FSC International Center GmbH · Charles-de-Gaulle-Straße 5 · 53113 Bonn · Germany · T +49 (0) 228 367 66 0 · F +49 (0) 228 367 66 30 · [email protected] · www.fsc.org· FSC® F000100 Geschäftsführer | Director: Dr. Hans-Joachim Droste · Handelsregister | Commercial register: Bonn HRB12589 Forest Stewardship Council® nr. 1 being the cleanest country. Chatham House Illegal Logging Indicators Country Report http://www.illegal-logging.info/regions/canada country Card Most of Canada's forest is in the boreal zone which stretches in a broad band http://www.illegal-logging.info from northern British Columbia to Newfoundland. The balance, mainly in the western and southern regions, is in the temperate zone. Canada's forests occupy 1.5 times the land area of the entire European Community and represent 10 per cent of the world's forested area. 67 percent of the total forests are softwood 18 percent mixed wood and 15 percent hardwoods. Canada has retained more than 90 percent of its original forest cover. With a land base of 921.5 million hectares, Canada has 417.6 million hectares of forest, of which 56 percent is managed for timber production. No mentioning of links with illegal logging. http://www.illegal-logging.info/content/addressing-eutr-requirements-through- sfi-certification While forests certified to the SFI standard exist only in the U.S. and Canada where there is negligible risk of illegal logging, and while 98% of the fiber sourced by SFI Program Participants for their North American facilities comes from the U.S. or Canada, the SFI program takes significant steps to promote legal and responsible forest management and procurement worldwide. Amnesty International Annual Report: The state of the world’s http://amnesty.org/en/region/canada/report-2013 country human rights -information on key human rights issues, “There were continuing systematic violations of the rights of Indigenous including: freedom of expression; international justice; Peoples. Immigration and refugee law reforms violated international human corporate accountability; the death penalty; and reproductive rights norms. […]Legislative changes in 2012 dramatically restricted federal rights environmental impact assessments. The government had claimed that these assessments were crucial for fulfilling its constitutional obligations towards Indigenous Peoples. In February and June the UN CERD Committee and Committee against Torture respectively called on Canada to develop a national action plan to address violence against Indigenous women. The federal government failed to do so.“ (see further under 2.3) Freedom House http://www.freedomhouse.org/ http://freedomhouse.org/report-types/freedom-world#.U7MD_vaKCUk country The status of Canada on the Freedom in the World index is ‘free’. http://freedomhouse.org/report-types/freedom-press#.U7MDePaKCUk The status of Canada on the Freedom of the Press is ‘free’. http://freedomhouse.org/report-types/freedom-net#.U7ME2PaKCUk The Freedom on the Net has no data for Canada. 3 of 57 FSC International Center GmbH · Charles-de-Gaulle-Straße 5 · 53113 Bonn · Germany · T +49 (0) 228 367 66 0 · F +49 (0) 228 367 66 30 · [email protected] · www.fsc.org· FSC® F000100 Geschäftsführer | Director: Dr. Hans-Joachim Droste · Handelsregister | Commercial register: Bonn HRB12589 Forest Stewardship Council® Reporters without Borders: Press Freedom Index http://en.rsf.org/spip.php?page=classement&id_rubrique=1054 country Canada ranks nr. 20 out of 179 with a score of 12,69 on the 2013 World Press Freedom Index, which ranks it among the countries with the best press freedom in the world. Canada fell 10 positions to 20th, losing its status as the western hemisphere’s leader to Jamaica (13th). This was due to obstruction of journalists during the so-called “Maple Spring” student movement and to continuing threats to the confidentiality of journalists’ sources and Internet users’ personal data, in particular, from the C-30 bill on cyber-crime. Fund for Peace - Failed States Index of Highest Alert - the http://ffp.statesindex.org/rankings-2013-sortable country Fund for Peace is a US-based non-profit research and Canada is ranked 168 out of 178 countries on the failed states index. (No. 1 educational organization that works to prevent violent conflict being the most failed state). This