DOCUMENT RESUME

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Al'THOR Crislir, Don, Fd. TITLE Special Edition: ITV. INSTITUTION West Virginia Education Association, Charleston. PUB DATE Mar 70 NOT7 2°p. JOURNAL CIT West Virginia School Journal; v98 n7 March 1970

EDRS PRICE EDPS ?rice MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS Closed Circuit Television, College Nigh School Cooperation, College Programs, College School Cooperation, Educational Radio, Educational Television, Instructional Television, Public Education, *Public Television, Telecommunication IDENTIFIERS *West virginia, West ;Tirginia Westleyan College, WMUL TV, WSWP TV, WWVU TV

ABSTRACT The status of noncommercial television in West Virginia is described in a number of articles in this journal. Activities of West Virginia's three educational television stations (WWVU-TV, WSWP-TV, and WMUL-TV) are related. County service and participation are noted. Attention is given to campus and school use of educational television. Other educational news items are briefly presented. (ME) EDUCATION US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, S WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION REPRODUCED THIS DOCUMENT 115$ SEEN nasoni OR EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THEPOINTS OF ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT NOT PISCES VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED 00OFFICE OF ED!) SARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL CATION POSITION OR POLICY

WWVU-TVO Morgantown Channel 24

WMUL-TV Huntington-Nitro 0 Channel 33

WSWP-TV Beckley (Grandview) Channel 9 _v, s West linyiflia ..... ft 0 School Puma Journal of the West Virginia Education Association 4 pi lkeS VOLUME 98 MARCH 1970 NUMBER 7 %TINA MIAs President: Officie Publicationo,1 West Virginia Education Association = IRENE DONAHOE PHARES E.REEDER Executive Secretary Vice President: PAUL VENNARI DoN Caistar rtor Treasurer. ofConieni CHARLES MUNSON teridel 5alle

asssetive Committee Advertising deleted by ERIC at Stanford. VIRGINIA SAUGHMAN Philipps * * * W. R. "PETE" COOKE Princeton Weirton THEUAA TONOACIE 5 1.1.0YV PARINASH. JR. Parkersburg Editor's Memory NotebookDon Crislip Delbarion IAMB ILEVINS WVEA Membership 6 NEA Director DR. JOHN MONTGOMERY .. levrIsberg West Virginia's Public Television 8 WVEA Staff Gaining in PopularityHarry Brawley PHASES S, REEDER WWVU Instructional TelevisionKaren Kershner 10 EXECUTIVE SECRETARY WSWP Instructional TelevisionFrank Blake 12 MARGARETBALDWIN ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT WMUL Instructional Television Larry Broquet 13 KENNETH LEGG EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Kanawha Teachers, Professional and Governmental Relations Students "Go" ITVBeatrice Beall 14 JOHN SWOT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ITV Potential Unlimited Karen M. Cunningham 15 Reacarch and SPecInI &Mgt** `.% DON CRISLIP Wayne County Plans EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Information and Publications Wider ITV UseHenry RayMilburn Nolan 16 CUSTER HOLLIDAY How ITV Helped MeRuth Van Meter 17 DIRECTOR Public Relations Cabell County ITV TerrificRobert Griffis 18 GERALD POWERS DIRECTOR Programs Also Scheduled Personal Welfare for "John 0. Public"William Cooperman 18 ROBERTMeDERI4017 DIRECTOR Educational RadioState's Largest Student and Young Teacher Activities on Wesleyan CampusDr. Walter Brown 21 WVEA HEADQUARTERS 155$ Qoarriar Strut Science Comes AliveRose Hausman 23

Charleston, W. Va. 25311 ?. World Cultures Telephones:348-5315 and 348.5318 Pauline Caudill, Patricia Lee, Electra Pruett 28 )11.2MBIZR 4 AEL PageMary Cobb 32 Poetry PageAmanda Meade Brewer 34

, WEST VIRGINIA SCHOOL JOURNAL, Ispublished monthly exceptlune, July and August by the West Virginia Education Association, Ism Qtrarier Street, ManagesAOTOMIOOO ROZPOOOttAtlit: State Charleston, West Virginia 22311.Membership fee Maude' the price of the Towbars Magazine, Inc., SO North Michigan JOURNAL. Subscripon rate to associate and non-members is WOO ayear, 25' asingle copy. Entered as second class matter September 11927,atthe Avenue, Chicago 1, Illinois. post office in Charleston, West Virginia, under act of March 3. 097. Are, Mance IMMO% PTS. CO., DY/CLO*. W. OO. for mailing at special rate of postage under act of February 28, 1925. MUCH 1970 2 3 From the Editor's Memory Notebook

One of the more popular seminars conducted at Members of the Neale (Wood County) School fac- WVU last summer was the one sponsored by the ulty and PTA see principal Harvey Wince as a giant of a Robert A. Taft Institute of Government. We admit our man. To accurately record their feelings of the job he is prejudice in favor of seminars where state-level people doing, the school PTA and the faculty jointly staged a are brought in as resource persons and this is what the birthday party for him. One of the gifts from the seminar on PracticalPolitics at WVU did. Since teachers was a pair of size 15 shoes, which they practicalpolitics was "the name ofthe game" explained were needed for a man of his ability. Another Professor Bill Ross, who directed the seminar, was able gift was a size 66 coat also required to fit a man of his to bringinsuchilluminariesas GeorgeBristol, ability. Since the two items were "purchased" to fit his ability assistantDemocraticNationalChairman;William they just didn't seem tofithisphysical "Pete" Thaw, assistant W. Va. Secretary of State; proportions so they were quickly exchanged for a gift Chauncey Browning, Jr., Attorney General; former certificate. The PTA's gifts included a birthday cake,a GOP Governor,CecilUnderwood; GOP Finance letter opener and a tie clasp with the PTA emblem on it. Chairman, John Thomas; Betty Hallanan, chairman of the Public Service Commission and others. What we are finally getting at is that another such seminarisscheduled this summer and only 25 teachers can be accommodated. The Taft Institute bears the greater part of the cost and you can receive graduate credit as well. Get in touch with Professor The Vli!Aitten, the student publication at Nitro Ross at once. Junior High School recently made an interesting comparison with the teacher of today and that of the mid-1800's. That was the time when the teacher had to fill the oil lamps, bring in the drinking water and I'vedeveloped a slightinterestinantique whittle nibs (pens) for the students. Not only were the automobiles and was thinking of purchasing one, teachers called to account for the day to day classroom however, before I did I thought I would seek the advice duties, their personal lives were regulated as well. They of former teacher and well known antique auto were required to read the Bible, refrain from the use of authority, M. Deane Harper of Dunbar. Deane taught tobacco and liquor and if single, could notmarry while machine shop at Stonewall Jackson High School in serving as a teacher. Then author, Jimmy Romine, set Charleston for some 26 years before he finally up some regulations he thought today's teachers "retired" and went into his own shop on a full time should follow. Some of them went like this: Any single teacher may take up to seven nights a week for courting basis. purposes. ... after school teachers should spend their I didn't get very deep into the discussion of antique time reading "Valley of the Dolls," the "Love Machine" automobiles for immediately upon entering his shop I or other such good books .. . saw him working with a prototype of a new two-wheel . women teachers who remain single and who don't flirt with the single male all-purpose tractor he had just built. It was a beauty and teachers will be dismissed... upon closer examination I discovered it contained many . teachers must pay into new features and several advantages over many of the Social Security, along with other regularpayments present-day two wheel type tractors. Dean is an such as alimony, bribes, etc any teacher who inventor among other things and along with his performs without fault for five years will besent to engineering abilities and his natural talents he can just Spencer. There were others but that's enough to show build about anything. This mowing-garden tractorat the student's trend of thinking. Clever, eh? the time Italked to him he was planning three experimental modelscan be sold for some $100 less than comparable tractors now on the market because he has streamlined and simplified its operation. Within his shopand in his inventive mindM. John Brown (honest, that's his name) retired Wood Deane Harper has a number of other inv ntions he County teacher,is not letting retirement stop his hopes to eventually get into production. He showed a activity. John, who is president of the Wood County one-wheel motorized cycle he hopessome Association of Retired School Employees, reports that manufacturer might want to put on the production line. his organization is planning a July tour of the culture A number of other ideas are on the drawing boards. centers of Europe and that retired, as well as active Oh, about the antique car .... "forget it, it's an teachers, are welcome on the trip. You can get details expensive hobby." So says the man who presently bywritinghimat2019 WashingtonAvenue, owns well over a dozen of them. Parkersburg.

MARCH 1970 3 5 WWVU-11/0 Morgantown Channel 24

WMUL-TV Huntington-Nitro 0 Channel 33 0 WSWP TV Instructional Television has made tremendous strides in West Virginia in the past decade and we are Beckley (Grandview) just now beginning to reap some of the benefits from this long period of work, headaches, heartaches and Channel 9 planning. First, a study was made by a well-known engi- neering firm with the thought of bringing ITV into every corner of the state. This proved much too costly and one which the Legislature refused to consider. Then a number of alternatives were developed and out of these came the West Virginia Broadcasting Authority and the plan now in effect. There is much to be desired in the present set-up, as there usually is in any alternate plan, but much has been accomplished and there is much to be done. A number of counties, as of this date, are not able . . . thenewCoop' to receive ITV. These will reduce drastically in number when the Beckley station goes on the air. Still, there will be others that will need special attention. This is the responsibility and the duty of the Broadcasting Authority and one which they realize must be solved. ini4e70 For the moment, rest assured that they will tackle the problem and work diligently toward its solution. MARCH 1970 4 7 Ir

W -AMIN& Members of the West Virginia Broadcasting Marshall University; Gregory Van Camp, Director. De- Authority are shown in the office of Executive Sec- partment of Radio, Television and Motion Pictures, retary, Harry Brawley as they meet to consider some West Virginia University and Mrs. Sara V. Uhl West of the business matters coming before the Authority. Virginia State Board of Education. Pictured, left to right, Clarence Brock, Bureau of Not present at the time the photo was taken: Dr. Services and Federal Programs, State Department of Duane Hurley, president Salem College and Robert Education; Don Crislip, Executive Director of Pub- Ferguson, president of WTRF-TV Wheeling. (Note: lications, West Virginia Education Association; Mr. Dr. Prince Woodard, Chancellor of Higher Education Brawley, Rex Smith, State Superintendent of Schools who will represent the West Virginia Board of Regents, and Chairman of the Broadcasting Authority; Dr. was made a member of the Authority in February by Stephen Buell, Director of Educational Broadcasting, virtue of an act of the State Legislature.) West Virginia's Public Television By HARRY M. BRAWLEY Executive Secretary W. Va. Broadcasting Authority When did public broadcasting beginin West television in the states itserves. Out of this came a Virginia? tentative plan of procedure for West Virginia. Putting the question this way snakesiteasier to In July, 1961, State Superintendent of Schools, Rex answer. If we had said "educational broadcasting" it Smith, called a meeting of educators and broadcasters in would be hard to pin down an actual date. Commercial his office in order to make plans for a fall conference at stations began broadcasting programs of an educational Jackson's Mill to be held under the auspices of the nature in the 1920's and they have continued this typeNorth Central. Associationthe first of that organi- service right up to the present. "Public broadcasting" zation's "dissemination conferences." Out of Superin- means broadcasting over publicly owned stations andtendent Smith's meeting came an Advisory Committee that began in February, 1969, when 'WWVIU-TV went on on -Educational Broadcasting whichbecame the steer- the air in Morgantown. ing committee for -theconference and out of the However, that is nota fairanswer to the question Jackson's Mill meeting came the germ of the official either. Public broadcasting effort began in the 1950's state plan. when a group of educators formed the Northern. West The plancalledforthecreationofaState Virginia ETV Council, and other educators in theBroadcasting Authority, and the Advisory Committee, southern part of the state, began programming over working closely with the Department of Education, was commercial stations. Statewide planning ofaserious successful in getting Governor W. W. Barron to create nature began in November, 1960, when a group of Westsuch a body by executive order on July 1,1962. Virginia educators attended a conference in Columbus, This interim Authority was composed of Dr. K. Ohio, sponsored by the North Central Association toDuane Hurley, president of Salem College, chairman; awaken interest in the educational uses of radio andHarry M. Brawley, broadcasting consultantforthe

8 WEST VIRGINIA SCHOOL JOURNAL Department of Education; Clarence A. Brock, director of contributors. However, as licensee and federal fund instruction Department of Education; Dr. Stephen D. recipient,theAuthority is heldresponsibleby Buell, director of Educational Broadcasting, Marshall government agencies for the successful construction and University;OlinC.Nutter,superintendent,Gabel] operation of the station, and thus must have the final CountySchools;Harry Phillips,Departmentof word on all operational matters. Education; Stephen Russek, member, State Board of Two stations have been funded and licensed under Education; Rex Smith, Superintendent of Schools; C. these cooperative provisions. WNIUI,-TV serves the Gregory:VanCamp,directorofEducational Charleston-Huntington area, and the cooperating entities Broadcasting, West Virginia University; and Charles C. are Marshall University and the school systems of Cabell, Wise, Jr., member, Board of Governors, WV U. Kanawha, Putnam, and Wayne Counties. WSWP-TN' is This Authority was succeeded in July, 1963, by one now under construction at Beckley, and represents the created by statute, but during its one year's service it combined effortsoffour collegesBluefieldState, accomplished a great deal. It secured a $10,000 grant Concord, West Virginia Institute of Technology, and from the Benedum Foundation for a statewide survey West Virginia State - and the school systems of Fayette, said] resulted in a basic state ETV plan. It drafted and McDowell, Mercer, Nicholas, and Raleigh Counties. secured the passage of a bill establishing the permanent WINIULTV has been on the air since July, 1969, and Authority. It also laid down general rules and guidelines WSWP-TV expects to go on the air in September, 1970. for public relations and getting the teaching profession The state's other public television station, NINVVu. ready for the new media. To help with this latter point, a TV in Morgantown, actually was the trail blazer. This $1500 grant was secured from the Southern Regional station is licensed to the West Virginia Board of Regents Education Board. on behalf of West Virginia University, and it has been on The Authority Act of 1963 provided fornine the air since February, 1969. Its instructional activitiesare members with six appointed by the governorfor coordinated with the counties it serves through the North overlapping six year terms, The other three were the Central West Virginia Learning Resources Center in £tate Superintendent of Schools, one member of the Morgantown. Board of Governors of West Virginia University, andone In addition to stations WMUL:i'v and wswp-Ty member of the State Board of Education. Mr. Russek mentioned above, the Authority has established one was selected to represent the State Board of Education, other cooperative project which is in the first stages of and Mr. Wise was retained on the statutory body to eiganization. This is the Northern Panhandle Project represent the Board of Governors: The six appointed by which is investigating ways and means for extending the Governor Barron were: Harry M. Brawley, Clarence A. State ETV service to the counties of that area. Bethany Gaining in Popularity and Support

Brock, Dr. Stephen D. Buell, Don Cris lip, Dr. K. Duane College, West Liberty State College, and the school Hurley, and C. Gregory Van Qrip. All except Mr. systems 3f Brooke, Hancock, Marshall, Ohio, and Wetzel Crislip had served on the Interim Authority. Thenew Counties are associated in this project. member was Director of Publications for the West The Eastern Panhandle is also organized intoa Virginia Education Association. preliminary project which is investigating various ways Dr. Hurley was retained as chairman of thenew of extending instructional services into all eight counties. group, and he served until February, 1964, when he This may or may not be a broadcast operation, andan resigned due to the press of official duties at SalemAdvisory Council has not asyet been appointed. College. lie was succeeded by Rex Smith who has served However, preliminary surverys have been made and as chairman since that time. work is continuing. In 1967 the Authority statute was revised and The Authority has engaged in many other activities reenacted to providc for cooperative projects. Under the in addition to the organization of projects. It has worked new provisions, county boards of etiolation,state closely with private institutions as well as state colleges in institutions, units of local government, orany other type helping developclosedcircuittelevisionorradio legal entity can contribute money to the Authority for the facilities. A notable example is WVWC-FM, the large construction and operation of broadcasting or related and effective radio station owned and operated by West facilities. The money is deposited in a special account in VirginiaWesleyanCollegeinBuckhannon.The the State Treasurer's Office and is disbursed by the Authority has held many workshops in different parts of Authority only for the particular project involved. Each the state to help county school systems and colleges get project is supervised by an Advisory Council which is ready for the proper use of the new media. It has also appointed by, and responsible to, the Authority. Under worked closely with the West Virginia Broadcasters this arrangement, the Authority directs the preparation of Association in promoting broadcasting as an occupation the application for federal aid and FCC license, and then among high school and college students, and in the holds the license for the station on behalf of the establishing of broadcast education curricula.

MARCH 1970 9 WWVU-TV By KAREN KERSHNER Station WWVU -TV Channel 24 Northern West Virginia Morgantown, W. Va. Counties Covered

West Virginia's First !

When West Virginia's first public television station niques that insure the greatest learning value. In ad- began broadcasting in February, 1969, two afternoons dition, Miss Dumas taught an extension course in ITV a week were devoted to instructional television (ITV) utilization for teachers last semester at Clarksburg and series. In May, a survey by the North Central Westis presently teaching two sections of that course in Virginia Learning Resources Centerthe coordinating Fairmont. agency between the schools and the stationestimated The response of teachers using the instructional that approximately 4,000 studentsin120 classrooms series broadcast on WWV1..1-TV has been favorable. were using instructional televisic.,n.In October, after Donald II. Caudill, executive director of the Learning WWVU-TV had doubled the number of hours devoted Resources Center, recently announced the results of a to ITV programming, those figures jumped to 15,000 survey on series effectiveness conducted by his staff. students in over 500 classrooms. In this survey, teachers using a series were asked to These numbers representthestrides made by evaluate it according to this point system: 5 points if Morgantown station WWVU.-TV, Channel 24, in bring- the series was exceptionally effective;4,effective; ing television to the schools in northern West Virginia. 3, acceptable; 2, partially effective; and 1, not at all Seventeen ITV series, including two in-service training effective. The total number of points given to a series courses for teachers, will have been telecast by the end was then divided by thetotal number of teachers of the current school year. evaluating it to get an average grade. Every instruc- The station works in cooperation with the Learning tional series currently being broadcast on WWVU-TV Resources Center, which provides various educational was rated more than acceptable as an effective teaching servicestoBarbour,Doddridge,Harrison,Lewis, tool. The lowest ranking series achieved a respectable Marion, Monongalia,Preston, Randolph, Taylor, 3.3 rating, while two series tied for a high rank of 4.4. Tucker, and Upshur counties, an area encompassing Another WWVLI-TV instructionalseriesranked 365 schools and 3,400 teachers. Financing has been high by grade school teachers was Sing, Children, rhared, with WWVU-TV providing operationalex- Sing, which introduces first, second, and third graders penses of staff and equipment, and program rental to different types of musical instruments, folk songs, costs borne by the Center. An Instructional Television and dances. More teachers (107) used this series than Adlisory Council, composed of representatives from any other included in the survey, and its average grade each of the counties, selectsthe ITN' seriesto be was 4.3. broadcast. Other counties, in the WWVU-TV coverage area, have also been asked to participate in course One of the highest rated series was All About You, selection, with Marshall, Ohio, Tyler, and Wetzel a health series recommended for use in second and Counties presently sending representatives to Advisory third grades. All About You teaches a child how his Council meetings. body works, how to take care of himself, and how In addition to the Advisory Council, WWVU-TV to use his senses to learn about the world around works with teachers through faculty workshops him. Of the 76 teachers using this series, 73 rated conducted by Patricia S. Dumas, Channel 24 ITV it "effective" or "exceptionally effective" in teaching Coordinator. Since joining the WWVU-TV staff in health to young children. July,Miss Dumas has conducted five county-wide Teachers in each county included in the survey workshops and visited several individual schools. In generally agreed in the way they ranked each series. these workshops, teachers using ITV seriesintheir The, average rating for all ITV series was approximately classes discuss the preparatory and follow-up tech- 4 (effective) in each county.

10 WEST VIRGINIA SCHOOL JOURNAL Besidesevaluating presentseries,teachersalso have a voice in selecting the ITV programs to be used in the future. In January, AVIVVU-TV reserved four mornings (when the station is not usually on the air) to broadcast ITV series for preview by area teachers. Thirty-three programs, representing 23 series,were aired. Teachers viewing these series then filled in an evaluation questionnaire developed by the Learning Resources Center, The teachers rated each series in three genera! areas production, content, and teacher effectiveness by answering such questions as, "To what degree was the teacher sensitive in communica- 1 r j ting with the intended audience?" and "How effec- I tive was theuse of visual and demonstration 1;101111:: materials?" The evaluators were also asked to deter- mine the need for this type of programming, whether it should he included in the coming ?ear's schedule, and io001.0 t .1 the grade level. On the basis of these responses, the tVAI ITV Advisory Council then met to determine which current programs should he retained, and which new programs added. High on the list of future plans for WWVU-TV is full-day programming. At present, WIVIT-TV broad- casts on Sunday evenings, and afternoons and eve- nings Monday through Thursday. When Channel 24 adds morning and weekend hours toitsbroadcast schedule, the number of ITV series broadcast will greatly increase. Although current ITV series are aimed primarily Of the 190 public television stations in the country, at school children, the 70's may see instructional series WWVU-TV is one of the 20 best equipped. With full color capability, including two color television cameras, aimed at adults. Such programs could teach basic WWVU-TV's present equipment is valued at over $1.2 school subjects, such as reading or civics,to adults million. who have not completed high school. Other adult edu- cation series may concentrate on retraining to keep up with technological changes in areas as auto mechanics.Itis even possible that college credit courses will be available thr ough television. wood and Hulett C. Smith; and the status of education Other programming plans call for an expansion of in the state. localpublictelevisionprogramming begun by \VWVU -TV hopes to produce another series, this IVWVU-TV during itsfirst year. These WWVU-TV one on the folk culturalheritage of the Mountain productions include "No Gun Towers, No Fences," a documentary on Morgantown's Kennedy Youth State.Featuring Dr. Patrick Gainer, WVU English Center, which has been selected for national distrib- professor and recognized expert on folk literature, ution by the Educational Television Stations Program theserieswillattempttocapturethe language, Service. attitudes, ideas, and music of this rapidly fading folk WWVU-TV produced series included the weekly culture. Mountaineer Sports,hosted by Jack Tennant and Besides thelocal and instructional programs, featuring football films and interviews with coaches WIVVU-TV also airs programs from national and re- and players: and Music At WVU, as performed by gional sources, such as The Corporation for Public School of Music faculty members. Broadcasting and NationalEducationalTelevision, Living up to its goals as public television for West Among the most popular national series now being Virginia, WWVU-TV produced a public affairs series run are The Forsyte Saga, a serialized version of John on West Virginia issues, Public File. Funded through Galsworthy's novels about VictorianEngland;The a $10,000 grant fromthe CorporationforPublic Advocates,in which skilled lawyers debate issues Broadcasting and a $2,500grantfromtheSears ranging from air pollution to the war; and two children Roebuck Foundation, Public File has so far focused series, Sesame Street and Histerogers' Nei ghborgood on clearcutting, a controversial method of timber man- During itsfirst year, WWVU-TV has begun to agement used in the Monongahela National Forest; bring the best in instruCional and public television countycomprehensiveplanning,withparticular to northern West Virginia. The future will see a con- emphasis on Monongalia County; gubernatorial suc- tinuation of these efforts to provide new educational cession, as seen by former governors Cecil II. Under- and informational opportunities to the Mountain State.

MARCH 1970 11 WSWP-TV By FRANK BLAKE Southern and Central Counties General Manager WSWP-TV (Channel II) to benefit by new station West Virginia's Newest

"Thesinglemostimportantcomponent in power and telephone service established, a well drilled, educational television is the classroom teacher." recruitment of an operations staff. 'I he list seems endless. Someone, probably a teacher, advanced that idea Whether the September air date can be met depends several years ago when television was first considered on several variables, most of them outside the cortrol of for classroom use.I consider the statement still -valid the WSWP-TV staff: on-time deliveries of building and soon it should 13( come a reality for hundreds of materials, no rail or truck delivery delays of equipment, southern West Virginia teachers. an early spring and good weather through mid- WSWP-TV is the call sign for West Virginia's third summer, no faulty parts to he returned to the factory. educational television station. WSWP-TV, And this list seems endless. headquartered in Beckley, will telecast on Channel 9 and Infact,any deviationfromthedevelopment its projected coverage area includes all or portions of 35 timetable places WSWP-TV's air date in limbo. counties; 25 in West Virginia, nine in Virginia, and one in If all pieces of the WSWP-TV puzzle fall into place, Kentucky. Television cable companies can extend the what can teachers, college professors, students, and the coverage even further. public expect from Channel 9? Discovered and reserved for education in the early WSWP-TV proposes to operate five days a week 1960's, Channel 9 was brought to life by five county front 8:30 a.m., to 10:30 p.m. Most public school and school systems and four state colleges, Fayette, Nicholas, college programming is producers in black and white, McDowell, Mercer, and Raleigh; plus Bluefield and but the evening schedule of cultural and public affairs Concord Colleges, West Virginia State and West Virginia programs will be predominately in color. Institute of Technology capitalized and now provide Fortunately, southern West Virginia's rugged terrain operating funds for WSWP-TV. W. R. "Pete" Cooke, is off-set by WSWP-TV telecasting on a VHF channel. superintendent of Mercer County Schools, is chairman of The hills and valleys will not hinder the Channel 9 signal theWSWP-TV AdvisoryCouncilcomposedof like they would a higher frequency. Any television representatives from the nine organizations. receiver in the WSWP-TV coverage area (whether in a County and college money was matched by an school, home, office or business) can receive Channel 9 IIEW grant last summer and the process of activating as easily as the area's commercia! stations in Oak Hill, Channel 9 began. Everyone as': -I, "When will Channel 9 Bluefield, Charleston or I luntingto n. WSWP-TV also will be on the air? What kind of programs will be televised? be carried by most area television cable systems which Wilt channel 9 telecast in color or black and white?" assure thousands of excellent reception. The staff employed toactivate WSWP-TV (a For years, West Virginia's educational status has general manager, chief engineer, and secretary) was been described as '1610" that of our sister states and given the goal of a September 1970 air date. People who the nation. To catch up, West Virginia would have to run had been involved in establishing other educationalfaster, use a leap-frog method. Television is a rapid television stations saiditcould not be done,e.g., means of up-grading education. The same quality manufacturers, consultants, program producers, and instruction and information can reach all students. Now, friends. Frankly, the goal was unrealistic, but after a school board can provide equal education to students in approximately six months, WSWP-TV development is on the smallest school in the rural areas as well as in the schedule. large in-town school. Severalcriticalphaseshave been completed: The daytime schedule will feature Sesame Street for preparation of building plans, tower site surveying, soil pre-school youngsters. Educational stations nationwide core drilling and analysis, preparation of equipment televiseSesameStreet.Sinceitspremierelast specifications. And several critical phases are ahead: November, Sesame Streetisbeing called the most constructionofthetransmitter/operationsbuilding, significant"learning"programeverproducedfor purchase and installation of equipment (transmitter, children. Parents should be pleased with this excellent tower, antenna, film and video tape gear, switcher, andkindergarten in their homes and teachers should be associated items), program selection and scheduling, (corittnuedon page 27)

12 9 WEST VIRGINIA SCHOOL JOURNAL r WMUL -TV By LARRY BROQUET Utilization Director Designed to serve state's WMUL-TV (Channel 33) most populous areas 4,000 teachers involved in presenting 2,500 television lessons

Instructionalbroadcasting (ITV),from participating counties gatheredand distributed these guides, along isdesigned to augment classroomat NVMUL-TV offices on the Marshallwith more than 20,000 other guides, instruction by supplyingdirectUniversity campus to preview videoto the teachers using the. ITV lessons teaching or enrichment instructiontapes gathered through the facilitieswithintheparticipatingcounty in specific subjects areas within theof WMUL-TV and the Eastern Edu-school systems. (Kanawha, Cabell, total curriculum. cational Television Network, a co-Wayne, and Putnam Counties were During the 1969-70 school yearoperativeregionalorganizationinvolved). WNIUL-TV broadcast more thanwhich allows member stationsto Locally produced lessons were all 2500differentclassroomlessonsselect offerings from other memberdesigned with the "single concept" ranging from phonics drills for firststationsatavastly reducedrate.approachwherebythetelevision graders to a series on CommunismMembership in this organization al-teacher and classroom teacher work for high school students. Theselowed WMUL-TV representatives totogether to develop a main idea lessons utilized at various times byselect programming from ITVbased on specific objectives rather the 4000 teachers and 99,000 stu-stations in Boston, Pittsburgh, Newthan merely focusing on content and dentsinparticipatingschoolYork, Washington, and other east- facts. systems, have provided a new di-ern areas. Evaluation of the entire ITV mensionfor instructioninthe Initial meetings with ITV coordin.broadcasting operation is a continu- Channel 33 coverage area. natorsandtestingrepresentativesing process. WMUL -TV distributed Merely broadcasting the lessons,indicated that West Virginia students 40,000feedbackevaluationforms however, was only one step in a longwere in need of help in certain spe-to participating counties. These series necessary for effective ITN'cific subject areas, primarily math-forms, which are filled out by the broadcasting and utilization. ematics and geography skills. Sinceclassroom teacher, are designed to The ITV services of WMUL-TVacceptable ITN' series in these sub-enabletheclassroomteacherto actually began in the spring of 1969ject matter areas were not available,indicate the success of the total with the organization of, and par-it was decided to produce these ITVlesson in her situation and give spe- ticipationin,utilization workshopsseries with local personnel atthecifics concerning tha ways the total designed to aid classroom teachersWMUL-TV production facilitieslo- lesson did or did not meet the needs in five counties with basic ap-cated at Nitro. of her classroom. The TV teachers proaches to the use of ITV in their Representativecurriculumcom-eagerly await the feedback forms classrooms. These workshops em-mittees from the partici-because they enable them to revise phasized the use of the telelessonspating counties met in the spring oftheir approaches based on the com- as part of the total lesson for each1969 and developed the objectives,ments of the classroom teachers. day, rather than as an isolated partscope, and sequerce of the ITVEvaluation committeesinpartici- of instruction. Teachers wereseries without basing the use of thepating counties are presently meet- instructed in the total lesson designlessons on a specific textbook, sinceing to determine the values of leased involving pre-telecast activities, tele-counties utilized differenttextsin series from outside agencies. Their casts,andpost-telecastactivitiestheir various curriculum areas. Therecommendations will serve as the with each telelesson. TV teachers, selected in the summerbasis for program selection for the Program selection was an impor-of 1969, then developed each spe- 1970-71 school year. tant aspect of thisfirst year [TVcific lesson to meet the stated ob- The classroomteacher who is operation. [TV coordinators and se-jectives and wrote a teacher guideworking with ITV lessons for the lected curriculum representativesfor each series. WMUL -TV printed (Continuedon page 26)

MARCH 1970 10 13 'Mommy, Ilike going to school. . .

By BEATRICE BEALL Director Instructional Television Kanawha County Schools Kanawha Teachers, Students 'Go' IT

A beginning pupil went home last The ten high school principals andthe television teacher is giving her September after thefirst day oftheirstaff members who devotedclass opportunitiesthatshe could school and said excitedly, "Mommy,much of their time in making ar-not possibly give because of the Ilikeschool,they'vegotTVi"rangementsinthe buildings,pre-expertise and time necessary in plan- A father, in October, said, "Thisparing "goodies" for coffee breaksning eachlesson.Teachers have ITV is one of the best things that'sand excellent luncheons, rolled outalso related that pupils have become happened in school for a long timethe red carpet each time the van,interested in having a "new" teacher Now I can learn modern math andwithall the equipment such as acome in to visit two or three times a French along with my son. He won'tlarge telebeam, cameras and video-week. Special educationteachers get ahead of me now and I can helptape recorders were delivered to thehave sent pictures showing how him with homework!" gymnasium orlittletheatreeachchildren have responded to some of A group of teachers wrote a letterevening about five o'clock. A crewthe programs, especially in the music indicating that the introduction ofof engineering specialists and tech-area. textbooks by ITV was cue of thenicians, along with county ITV di- Teachers requested ITV programs happiest things that could happenrector, accompanied the equip-inart,music, math and physical to them for an in-service program.ment and had everything "readyeducation during the spring meet- Receiving information by ITV onto roll" at 8:30 the next morning.ings. The result was that two math how to use the new books permittedThis "circuit-riding" lastedfor tenteachers were employed toteach teachers toobserve the programsconsecutive days until approximatelymath for the primary and secondary intheir own school in a relaxed2500 people were introduced to thelevels. A teacher was employed to situation. Time, energy, ono perhapsuse of television. One of the mostteach physical fitness and a social some "tempers" weresaved byrewarding comments made duringstudies teacher was employed to help teachers not being required to travelthe meetings was by a young manmake map skills and other social many miles to meetings for the intro-from a secondary school. He carriedstudiesskillsmore meaningfulto duction of new books. a paper back book and at the breakthe pupils. For the most part, Kane .ha Coun-said, "Mrs. Beall,I have always In-service meetings are continuing ty instructional leaders, pupils andtaken a book to in-service meetingsduringthecurrentschoolyear. parents arereceivingInstil actionalbut I want you to know I haven'tTeachers may choose many classes Televisionwithgreatenthusiasm.read one single page today. Thefrom the county in-service training The teachers have acceptedthemeeting is interesting and I'm learn-sessions. Three Saturdays arede- television instructor as a member ofing something new. votul to ITV meetings which are their team. PresentlyinKanawha County,limited to a smaller enrollment than It is possible for a classroom teach-approximately 23,000childrenarethespringsessions.Teachersaro erto have an "extrateacherorinvolved in viewing many of the ITValsoparticipatinginactual mini- specialist" in her classroom just forprograms. Each teacher has beenproductions from the planning, script the "flip of a switch." supplied with guides to help heroutline, visuals and later becoming Last May, in-service meetings forprepare the childrenfor the ITVthe "talent." the general introduction of televisionlesson. She also has the follow-up Jim Harris, director of the Instruc- wereorganizedandimplemen-activities. Teachers have shared thetional Services from Eastern Ken- ted throughout Kanawha County.thinkingthroughoutthe meetingstucky University, has been acting as Ten meetings were held in ten dif-that using ITV is much more thana consultant with the participants. ferent sections of the county to ac-turning the TV receiver on and off.As one teacher expressed her evalu- quaint teachers with the techniquesItisa learning situation with be-ation of the meeting, she related that of utilization for TV. Approximatelyhavioral objectives to be keptinhearing Mr. Harris share experiences 250 to 300 teachers were in attend.mind. about the use of TV was very inform- ance at each of the sessions. Teachers have often related that (Continued on page 26)

14 11 WEST VIRGINIA SOIOOL JOURNAL As a teaching tool "

By KAREN M. CUNNINGHAM American History II Weir High School

ITV Potential Unlimited

Closed circuit television in our school impressed me, ITV is an integral part of the lives of our students, butI made no connection betweenthisand my yet few of them have had first hand experience with it. classroom teaching activities. My first use of our system This can be effectively remedied in the school. Many was, therefore, very limited. teachers draw upon the community for resource people. Teachers were informed that classroom films could You may hesitate to ask them to spend the day speaking be shown over the TV system. This appeared to be a over and over to your classes and leaving out students in relief from thedetailsof securing projectors and other classes in the same subject area. Tape recordings screens and setting up and rewinding the film each are an unsatisfactory answer to the problem but ITV period. It was no longer necessary to move classes to provides an excellent method. Students representing all designated film rooms, and as many teachers as wished classes chose, from among themselves, those who will do could have their classes view the film in the separate the questioning during the taping. These students select classrooms. The introductions and follow-up discus- the questions they would like to ask the speaker. The sions suddenly seemed-to be easier and of morevalue resource person makes a brief talk and then responds to Needless to say, the use of films increased. the students' questions. This is then available for later Current events provided the impetus for expanding showing. Many students have participated and the the range of ITV. Students were permitted to watch resource person did not have to repeat the same space shots and recovery operations as they occurred. presentation several times. Students joined others in awaiting word of the outcome of an attempted assassination of a public leader, silently Ihave had students who requested, and were watched funerals of national figures, and analyzed the granted permission, to make their own film to fulfill a import of Presidential news conferences and addresses semester assignment. In one instance, three boys chose by visiting heads of state. Even the workings of thethe bombing of Pearl Harbor. The county ITV director United Nations moved live into the classroom. Current provided the guidance as they built their own models, events moved from the evening news, newspapers and researched and organized their information, selected magazines, and warmed over class discussions, into an appropriate music, locale, and finally filmed. In a field, integral part of the classroom activities. they dug and filled a harbor and cleared an airstrip. A team teaching situation opened another area for Using lighter fluid, a pellet gun, and firecrackers, they utilizing ITV. What can one do when it is necessary to be proceeded to destroy their models attheir"Pearl absent from school and it is your turn to present the Harbor." They wrote their own script and did their own lesson.? narration which was added to the "live action" later. The If you know cif this situation in advance, television end result was an excellent amateur production. The can solve the problemvideo tape the presentation. Thestudents admitted gaining more thanjusttheful- challenge arises to do more than just lecture. Why not filling of an assignment. The first viewing was eagerly add pictures,music, maps, and charts?In someawaited by much of the student body. Again, that instances, records may be used for sound effects or tofilm fs part of our library and available for showing provide the actual words of a person mentioned. What over our closed circuit system. began as a plain presentation becomes a finished product available for use in years to come. The materials do not The more I work with the ITV the more I realize its have to be re-assembled each year. Other teachers may unlimited potential as a teaching-learning device. It is also use this tape. This provides a variation in techniquenow an -integral part of my plans for the teaching of and is somewhat of a novelty to the students. my subject.

MARCH 1970 12 15 'Everythingit was said to be . ..

By HENRY A. RAY and MILBURN "JOE" NOLAN Division of Instruction Wayne County Schools Wayne County Plans Wider 171/ Use Instructional Television has not been utilizedin Wayne County long enough to make a definite measur- able evaluation of its effectiveness, but progress has been made to the degree that teachers and the public know that ITV will eventually become one of the most valuable teacher aids in the classroom and the best educational device in the home. Each classroom in Wayne County has a television 1 OFP ,ly set; teachers have had many hours of in- service training for the use of ITV; additional maintenance personnel f iP 41 have been hired; the public has been kept informed of 45-1, --:-41414.'s< -.4 -ir,i --...4-''' the progress made with ITV and the administration and 4). 1Y,- supervisory staff have spent many hours in getting ITV John Sutherland, Ferndale Elementary, prepares his on the air and into the classrooms. sixth grade students for an upcoming program over Ilas all this time and money expended paid off? WMUL. Here are some comments from a cross section of Wayne County schools: John Sutherland, sixth grade teacher, Ferndale Ele-

rs mentary School: "I have found Instructional Television to be everything it was said to be, informative, edu- cational,helpfulin supplyingvaluable follow-up activities to be used along with the regular classroom work, as well as entertaining.I have used ITV since September 15 when Channel 33 signed on. The only difficulty that I have had, and I was cautioned about this, is the fitting in of the ITV schedule with my class- room schedule. With many schedule changes and cautious planning, this problem has been alleviated." "The programs are very well geared to the students' ) needs and they seem quickly to grasp the main concepts Karen Nemens, teacher at Buffalo Elementary, uses being presented by the TV instructor. I have found that it television with a group of Special Education students. takes about five minutes or more to prepare the students for the program, and we usually spend ten to twenty minutes in post-television activities." "The students seem to enjoy 1T\', and so far, I have obscwved that the television lessons reinforce concepts presented in the textbook. Instructional Television is one of the most valuable teaching aids in my classroom." Mrs.Bonnie remedialreadingteacher, Lavalette Elementary School: "I believe Wayne County has chosen a good time to invest in ITV. We are taking advantage of the mistakes made by the pioneer ITV broadcasting as evidenced by the highquality of preparedtapesnow available.My childrenare Milturn "Joe" Nolan and Henry A. Ray work with some enthusiastic about ITV and this makes my teaching of of the instructional television equipment just prior to remedial reading more interesting and worthwhile. Of recording it on video tape. six series that were evaluated at this school, I have heard

16 WEST VIRGINIA SCHOOL JOURNAL '13 our faculty comment favorably about five and only unfavorably about one." I As I see h Mrs, Karen Nemens, special education teacher, i Buffalo Elementary School: "My students see ITV as something new and very exciting. They anxiously await How ITV Helped Mel its programs and look forward to each lesson. ay By MRS. RUTH VAN METER certainly broadens their classroom experienceswhich Cove Elementary School is, of course, extremely valuable. At times they are Hancock Cou ity reluctant to actively participate with the ITV instructor but they will overcome this shyness eventually. We Having taught in the West Virginia school systems sometimes have to see a program twice in order to get a for the past twenty-seven years, I am continually faced meaningful follow up activity. The selection of pro- with the task of keeping up with the times. The challenge grams is good but more science for the primary grades in education is great. We, as teachers, must be ready to could b.? an improvement. The guides are goodwe provide the best quality of teaching that each and every couldn't get along without them. I would like to have student is entitled to have. We cannot stand stillwe more pre-telecast suggestions since my students need must move forward, extensive preparation for a lesson." Educational television has made great strides to aid Mrs. Olive Marcum, first grade teacher, Prichard the teacher in this way and is improving every year. It is Elementary School, has been using ITV since September not only a very excellent visual-aid, but the information 15 with great success. She and Mrs. Elizabeth Michaels, contained in the various programs enables the teacher to another first grade teacher, do a modified form of team have at his command, information instructional aids, and teaching with ITV. They plan their pre-telecast and post- specimens which would take hours to compile. And telecast activities together in what Mrs. Marcum terms some of the equipment used in television presentations is "think sessions." They take time to devise new and not always available to the classroom teacher. ITV also creative ways to get the students interested in the reinforces the various skills taught in the classroom. subjects being presented on television. Together they Never, should the teacher attempt to use ITN' to teach the students how to listen, how to save valuable replace regular classroom instruction, or to use it as a time in preparation for the programs, how to actively means of just taking up time. participate with the "visiting" teacher, and how to learn For instructional televisionto be effective,the while having fun with the follow-up activities. Both first teacher should prepare the students for the material to be grade classes share ideas as well as fun with ITV. Mrs. presented and then, immediately after the program, Marcum said, "These students look forward to each ITV conduct a follow-up. lesson with enthusiasm and anticipation to the new Sometimes, for the "slow-learner" or the student activities the television brings." who just can't seem to get started, educational television The seven secondary schools have just recently been has been a great aid. Some students believe the textbook equipped for ITV reception. Coor'dinating ITV telecast is just a heavy object to carry around. When a lesson is lessons with class periods is a major problem. To meet taught in the classroom, the attention of the student is this situation, Wayne County schools will be equipped sometimes lost in just following the textbook. When he with video recorders and playback machines so that can view the sam: topic on television, the characters programs can be recorded and re-broadcast over closed become alive, moving and speaking. In observing a class, circuitto classrooms when particular programs are I have been able to see a student become totally needed in the instructional program. In addition, each engrossed while watching a television program on the secondary school has a "Broadcast Club" composed of same topic that I had attempted to teach under regular studentslearningthemechanicsofthetelevision classroom conditions. Usually, after the program, that equipment. These students will do the recording and same student, along with many others, can hardly wait to playback for closed circuit television and help teachers get back to the classroom to re-check the textbook, ask with minor mechanical difficulties in the use of television. for a dictionary or a reference book for further study, or During the 1970-71 school year the ITV mainten- to seek clarification of something he saw or heard during ance manager, Harold Adkins, will teach television the television presentation. mechanics at Wayne High School where all Wayne When a teacher sees this occur, it is considered a great accomplishment in the daily life of a teacher. County schools'televisionswillbe repaired. Plans are already being made for improvement in As teachers we should use every available means at this year's telecast of series of lessons. Each teacher is our command to enrich the life of a student. Ile is ours submitting an evaluation of the programs he uses in his for about ten months of every year, to mold and shape as classroomIs it suitable for his particular instructional a citizen of tomorrow. need? Can improvement be made? If so, what? How can Using station \ %'QED from Pittsburgh, Channel 13, the total ITN' program be improved? These and many teachers are furnished curriculum guides which list all other questions are being answered by the classroom programsmaterials to present before the program and teacher. New series are being televised and teachers are also follow-up activities. These programs are very well asked to view and comment on prospective series for planned and are well worth viewing. The student is next year. greatly enriched by these programs.

MARCH 1970 17 Testimonials Cabell County's ITV Acceptant "I think of television as a type of team teaching. The "All the programs are goodit's been hard for me to ITV teacher can stimulate my students through a wide choose, but I decided to use just tw.i series so I could do variety of visual materials and I can follow up by making the follow-up lessons and make the programs more the lesson meaningful to each student." Fifth grade meaningful." Sixth grade teacher teacher "I'm pleased our county does not make any ITV "My students take vicarious field trips via one of our programs mandatory. I can select the programs that fit TV series, places we could never visit as a class.It's the needs of my students." Second grade teacher certain to enlarge and enrich their backgrounds." "1 wish we had a primary art series. I need help in Fourth grade teacher this area." Second grade teacher "Personally, I was very skeptical about the impact "Television demands being on schedule. Sometimes ITV could make. But my students' enthusiasm has I resent stopping a good lesson I have going, to prepare changed my mind. They love itand they're learning Seventh my class for their scheduled TV program." from it." Ninth grade teacher grade teacher "By using the ITV series ''Vamos A Latincanierica" "Teachers have so received televised lessons with an with my Spanish II class, students have been exposed to open mindedness that it has increased their awareness of the geography, the history, the politics, the people, the the benefits of audio visual materials. This can possibly art, and the literature of the Spanish-speaking world in explain a 12 per cent increase of film circulation this year the Western hemisphere. These areas add depth to the since the advent of ITV." Director of Curriculum subject and they are not normally covered in a regular Materials Center classroom Spanish class." High school Spanish teacher What about after school ? Programs Also Sche

With the establishment of three new television itsaudienceforemost in mind,stationsare stations, a new opportunity for the expansion of West noncommercial and are prohibited from carrying any Virginia'scultural,entertainmentandeducational advertising. Programming policies are determined by horizons has been presented. These stations WWVU- consultation with members of the public and public TV, Morgantown, WMUL-TV, Charleston-Huntington, institutions to provide an accurate reflection of the needs and WSWP-TV, soon to be completed in Beckley, are and desires of thoseinthe audience. rWVU-TV, quite different in programming philosophy and concept Morgantown, is operated by West Virginia University from the commercial television stations serving West which cooperates with a Community Advisory Board of Virginia. These three stations are part of a nationwide twelve individuals regarding station matters. NVMUL-TV movement, already comprising almost 200 television and 14'SWP-TV each are under the direction of Advisory stations, that is referred to as Public Television. Councils composed of area educators and operate under While all television can be received by any standard theauspicesoftheWestVirginiaEducational television set, the term Public Television is derived from Broadcasting Authority, an independent state agency. the public service function of that medium. Commercial The Public Television stations of West Virginia television, .although itpresents many fine programs, provide programming in four areas of public interest exists within the free enterprise, profit motive system. It instruction, information, children's programming, and must attract advertisers by gathering as large a viewing cultural affairs. Some of this programming is produced at audience aspossible. The programs presented by each station studio, while other programming is obtained commercial television, therefore, tend to be of a light from a variety of regional and national programming entertainment nature, only incidentally related to the sources. Much of the programming broadcast is obtained needs and desires of its audience. Public Television on through an exchange of the best programming produced the other hand, presents programming which is designed locally at the almost 200 Public Television stations to serve the needs of its audience, as well as provide throughout the United States. In addition, programs programming that is unavailable from other sources. To produced at any one West Virginia station are available insurb that Public Television indeed has the interests of for broadcast by all stations.

18 WEST VIRGINIA SCHOOL JOURNAL. 15 By ROBERT GRIFFIS eSimply 'Terrific' Director of ITV Cabell County Cabeil County teachers and students have had an In cooperation M.5,11Sue Bowen, ITV Coo linger of opportunity to use Instructional Television since WNIUL- Elementary Schools and 515 Fussell, ITV Coordinator of TV, Channel 33, began broadcasting in September of Secondary Schools this school year. Of course, it is too early to claim that superintendent in committing themselves to the idea of ITV has greatly improved the educational program for our students or to conclude that it is a waste of time and An orientation program during the preceding year hampers our program. which attempted to inform teachers of the potential Comments from teachers and students range from value of ITV. positive statements filled with superlatives to negative Involvementofteachers,principals,and expressions.Itisgoodtoreport, that however, supervisorsinearlyplanning andinselectionof disgruntled viewers are a small minority and most of the programs for broadcast. situations leading to negative reactions are due to The recognitionthattheprincipal is the electronic problems, which can be corrected, or lack of instructional leader of his school instructional program, programming in certain curriculum areas. and providing him with training and materials so that, in Although the degree of success at this time cannot be turn, he could conduct in-service training sessions for his measured accurately, our impression is that the program faculty. is headed in the right direction. If eventually we can, The decision by the administration to provide with certainty, say that television is having an impact on each teacher with a television receiver in order to our instructional program, it probably can be attributed eliminate problems experienced in other school systems to the following factors: where sharing of receivers was necessary. The full support of the board of education and (continued on page 20) duled for 'John Q. Public'

The greatest single area of programming and the By WILLIAM COOPERMAN most important area with respect to the future of West Coordinator Virginia, is that of instructional broadcasts. These are Educational Broadcasting Authority programs directed for use in the classroom to provide the teacher with additionalresourceswithin'her own teaching situation. However, instructional programming programs are "Misterogers Neighborhood," ai elat need not be restricted to use in the classroom. Colleges three through six year olds, and "What's New," for those and universities will use television to aid in their own seven through twelve. These programs, as well as others, academic programs, as well as providing educational help children explore the world around them and opportunities as part of their extension services. Course develop as individuals. Both children and adults are work on both the graduate and undergraduate level will treated with respect and violence is never present as part be offered for those who wish to further their education of some humorous situation. in their own home. In-service programs, such as "Nursing Understanding the importance of early childhood and the Law" will aid professionals to keep abreast of education and the general lack of public kindergartens, developments in their fields. Instructional programming Public Television has embarked on one of the most will even be available to assist those adults who have not ambitious projects in the entire history of television. This completed high school in obtaining their equivalency is the series, "Sesame Street" a full hour, every day for 39 diploma. Through instructional programming, all levels weeks to teach children things they will need when they of education in West Virginia wilt be assisted and made begin school. Things like letters of the alphabet, new more accessible to all residents of the state. words, numbers and counting, about mountains and Much concern has been expressed over the past few oceans, animals, where food comes from, and new ideas years on the possible effects of television on children. about the world around them. Response to this program Realizing that television can be worthwhile lust as it is has been enthusiastic throughout the country, for now entertaining, Public Television presents several programs any child with access to a television set can prepare for directed atvarious agelevels. Two very popular (Continued on page 22)

MARCH 1970 16 19 * Cabell County ITV Simply 'Terrific' The employment of a staff of three people to 88 teachers; "Music, U.S.A.," used by 71 teachers; and work directly with teachers, principals, and NVMUL-TV "Exploring Our Language,"68teachers.Another personnel in program utilization. significant fact indicated by the survey is that 34 fifth and The employment of four persons on the technical sixth grade teachers are using a French program, staff to reduce those problems resulting from machine "Parlons Francais." failure. In the secondary schools ITV is being utilized to a The involvementofteachersinevaluating lesser extent than in the elementary schools. This is not to Programs broadcast in order to assure that programsay that junior and senior high school teachers and offerings meet the needs of teachers and students as students are not aware of the value of televised programs nearly as possible. in their schools, but certain factors exist which prevent Teacher cooperation inserving on 32 separate their making as extensive use of the programs as that program evaluation committees has been invaluable in made, in the lower grades. This was anticipated at the determining the recommendation of Cabell County for beginning of the year and has developed about as the 1970-1971 program schedule. Through a system of expected. All programs are being used, but some of the having committee membership contact all teachers using scheduled offerings are of such nature as to apply only to a certain series, information is obtained from a large a rather limited group, such as the series on Latin number of users which pertains to their impressions American culture, or Space Age Science. The one concerning(1)the TV teacher'spresentation(2) greatest problem in using open-circuit broadcast in appropriateness of lessons (3) students' attitude and secondary schools is that of scheduling. Although each reaction, and (4) the contribution the series makes to program is repeated at least once during the same day or the currictilirm area. the same week, the time schedules in the school prevent Some objective data is currently available which many students from viewing the broadcast at the times assures our staff of general acceptance of the program. In they are shown. The difficultyof building school December a school-wide survey was made in order to schedules around the broadcast scheduleiseasily determine the number of teachers using each of the 32 apparent,a and is further complicated by the fact that programs. The survey indicated that usage in the primary several counties are cooperating in the program, each grades exceeded our expectations for the first year of county having secondary schools of greatly varying size broadcasting. In the first two grades, for example, 156 of and course offerings. 183 teachers were using a music program titled "Sing, To overcomethishurdle,CabellCounty is Children,Sing." Of this number, 128 used each proceeding with a plan to equip all junior and senior high program in the series while 28 tee chers indicated they schools with facilities for taping the programs as they are selected only certain broadcasts to view. This is a 15- broadcast by the station, so that programs can be re- minute-program broadcast once each week. broadcast in the school at the time desired by teachers. Other popular programs at the primary level in- The tapes can be kept as long as necessary and then elude "Listen and Say" (phonics), "All About You" erased and used repeatedly. This function of taping (science and health), and "Mathemagic" (math). The programs as broadcast for later replay will be part of our number of teachers using these programs ranges from planned in-school closed circuit television system which 121 to 148. will also allow for the intra-departmental TV hook-ups; Usage at the intermediate levelisalso highh in-school news program; reception in each room of satisfactory, although not as many teachers use each special instructional programs developed within the series. This is due to a wider selection of programs and school; interchange of tapes with other schools and the fact that most programs at this level are more possibly other counties; use of video tapes distributed specialized, therefore fitting our existing curriculum by our Curriculum Materials Center; and development more closely at one grade level. Some of the popular of courses and individual student projects -in television intermediate programs as indicated by the survey are: productionaspre-vocationalandpre-professional "1.,ove of Art," used by 99 teachers; "Search for Science," training in televisionmaintenance,engineering, used by SO teachers; "Children of Other Lands," used by performing, and management. Math Teachers Plan State Meeting The WestVirginiaCouncilofcellence in Mathematics Education A specialfeature ofthisyear's Teachers of Mathematics will hold ;ts forAllWest Virginia Children and meeting will be the participation of a annual meeting March 20-21, in theYouth." Mrs. Florence Wiersma ofguestmathematicseducator,Mrs. Fine Arts building at West Virginiathe host mathematics department isEdith M. Proudlove of England, a State College. Exhibits, programs andon-campuschairman,withassist-teacher at Martinsburg South junior discussions will begin Friday no, >nante fromthe Kanawha County High School. Mrs. Proudlove will andcontinuethroughSaturdayCouncil of Teachers of Mathematics speak on "Mathematics Teaching in afternoon. and the West Virginia Council of Elementary and Secondary. The conference themeis"E x- Teachers of Mathematics. SchoolsEnglish and American."

20 17 WEST VIRGINIA SCHOOL JOURNAL By WALTER BROWN West Virginia Wesleyan College Educational Radio. Associate Dean of the Faculty

1.111 State's Largest on Wesleyan Campus Educational radio is not deadl It has been revived and through the facilities of West Virginia Wesleyan's educational FM station, it is being beamed to the borders AIME_111.... of West Virginia, north to Pittsburgh, south to Kentucky, and west to Ohio. Yes, educational FM is taking its rightful placeinWest Virginia by furtheringthe Donald Singleton, director of Educational Broadcasting educational opportunities of both young and old through for Wesleyan instructs a group of students in the unique programing that is geared to the needs of both operation of the station. classroom and home environments. WVWC -FM had its inception when the College decided to venture into a total program of communi- cations media in which radio would begin to play an important role in education. The continuing task of developing the FM facilities did not lack direction or a devoted staff of planners, but one obstacle which was not envisioned was the "quiet zone" existing over a large part of West Virginia. This zone isageographical and space area reserved and controlled by the government and includes their radio installations at Green Bank and Sugar Grove. WVWC-FM found itself in the midst of this restricted area and sanction for final transmitter site location was not forthcoming even thoughinitial government approval was obtained to construct a transmitter within this "quiet zone." The problem was resolved only when it was decide.l to place the trans- It's "on the air" time as students startthe morning mitter 27 miles from the College on a site beyond programming. Weston, which is just outside the controlled zone. This 4111=11 made it necessary to provide remote control between the College compus studio and the distant transmitter no easy task. In the face of this hardship, determination prevailed until today NIVWC.FM radio radiates 14,000 watts at 88.9 on the FM dial as a measure of academic persistence to bring a new educational opportunity to the people of West Virginia. r Programing radio on a state-wide basis has become a serious responsibility for the Director of Educational Broadcasting,DonaldSingleton.Heisconstantly evaluating and restructuring the station format in order to provide a broad approach to educational radio. Many 0' programs are selected from those being produced by collegeanduniversityproductioncentersfor distribution to educational stations. These are selected for the potential value to West Virginia and include such programs as Georgetown University Forum, Concert 11011, Education ontheMarch,UniversityHour, N.A S.A., U.N.Perspective, and Church at Work. In addition, much attentionisbeing giventolocally produced programs in order to effect a more meaning. ful -identification between receiver and sender. This Two of the station's student operators go over re- kind -of programing, it is hoped, will give an indigenous cording console. (Continued on page 22)

MARCH 1970 13 21 Educational Radio on Wesleyan Campus element to the station and allow WVWC-FM to be truly medium,specialenrichmentopportunitiescanbe representative within the state. provided for thousands of our public school students. Currently,WestVirginiacolleges,elementary Also, a wide range of persons will be able to improve schools, and secondary schools are being asked to their competencies through adult education courses via consider their involvement in providing and receiving radio. In-service courses will be 'accompanied by pre- programing which would be of particular benefit to printed texts and visual materia.s to be used while them. It is necessary to include local school systems in listening in the home, office, or plant. This kind of radio orderto incorporatetheirideasfora meaningful instruction does require considerable financial support supplement to classroom instruction during the daytime either from supplementary public funds or private gifts. hours.Specifically, Wesleyan Collegeisdeveloping Wesleyan College has already availeditselfof programs which can be a part of the on-going school national consultation services through the Association of curriculum in such subject areas as art, history,lit- Educational Broadcasters, the national project for the erature, foreign languages, and other subjects easily improvement of radio and television instruction and the adapted for FM radio. Educators are recognizing more extendedservicesoftheCorporationforPublic than ever before that radio can be an effective medium Broadcasting. The West Virginia Educational Broad- for learning, and itcorrelates well with educational casting Authority has been most helpful in supporting the television in the classroom. purposes of WVWC-FM radio within the state, and The purpose of NVesleyan's FM station is not to provide the usual programing which the listener has continues tobe helpfulinidentifying needs and available from commercial FM stations; but, rather, to promoting specific radio projects. devote itseffort to a balanced service concept of It has been found that public school teachers and audience involvement. No attempt is being made to college professors are becoming intrigued with the appeal to a universal audience, but there is an ever possibilitiesassociatedwithradio,and unique growing number of persons who are concerned for self- innovations often become a product of their enrichment.Itis hoped that WVWC-FM radio will involvement. nurturearenaissance whichwillincorporatethe West Virginia Wesleyan College is pleased with its utilization of radio as an innovativetoolforthe performance in educational FM during the pastyear of improvement of the learning process. operation and accepts thechallengeofa greater Wesleyanisinterestedinsharingitsresources contribution to the total educational efforts within the throughradio;and, by usingthiscommunications State of West Virginia. Programs for 'John Q. Public' (Continued from page 19) The cultural offerings of Public Television are just as school right in his own home even if he does not have varied, and are continual. Drama includes a play each access to a kindergarten. week presented on "NET Playhouse," and a weekly While the daytime hours of Public Television dramatization of GaIworthy's "Forsythe Saga." Music broadcastingareprimarilydevotedtochildren's may include symphony concerts, original opera written programming, bothin the school and at home, the especially for television, recitals by Young American evening hours are primarily for adults. It has been often Artists,or an exploration of jazz and folkmusic. said that commercial television is aimed at the twelve Literatureisexamined on "Book Beat," a weekly year old mind, but this is certainly not true of eveningdiscussion with noted authors. Art, the dance and music programming on Public Television. A wide diversity ofall appear on the weekly "NET Festival." For the science programming is offeredin both informational and oriented there are programs concerning advances in the culturalareas. Agreatvarietyofinformational sciences, and another originating from theBoston programming ispresented. Hard documentaries are Museum. presented on "NET Journal," news analysis by members The listofcultural,aswellasinformational of the New York Times on "News in Perspective." programming, available on the Public Television stations NVilliam F. Buckley placed personalities on the "Firing in West Virginia is ever changing and literally endless. Line" and the men around the president are interviewed Programming does not start in the fall and continue on the "President'sMen." Controversialissuesare throughout the year but is continually changing so as to debated on the "Advocates." Consumer issues ire present as many different types of programs in as many explored on "Your Dollar's Worth." Many ofthe different areas aspossible. The success of Public information programs encourage audience involvement Television does not lie in having a maximum audience with a wide range of how-to-do-it programs: "French for each program for then it would not have enough Chef with Julia Child," "Bridge with Jean Cox," "Autodepth to be of interest to those in the audience for Mechanics," "Smart Sewing," "FolkGuitar," "Thewhom itis intended. Rather, by presenting specific Busy Knitter," "Sportsmanlike Driving," "Antiques," programming, toattractdifferent segments of the and many more. audience, Public Television can best serve the public.

22 19 WEST VIRGINIA SCHOOt JOURNAL By ROSE HAUSMAN SCIENCE COMES ALIVE Cove School Sixth Grade Science ..VIA ITV Hancock County

The teachingofsciencewhen Before the children view a lesson,teacher view..the lesson with the coordinated with Instructional Tele-the classroom teacher should studypupils and leuns at the same time. vision isexciting and can open upthe classroom guide provided by theFor the novice teacher,it provides new horizons. Children need verytelevision station. The lesson shoulda starting point. The curriculum little motivation or stimulus to keepbe introduced, so that the childrenguide provided in coordination with up theirinterest. Thereisalwayswill have some idea of what theythe program offers many ideas and some activity going on in the scienceare going to do and see. The teachercan also be used as a course of classroom. may have dittosheets preparedstudy. In the Hancock County Schools,which state the purpose of the lesson Film strips, overhead transparen- television serves as a basis for theand some of the outcomes. Vocab-cies, films, tapes and other audio- science program in the intermediateulary words, guide questions andvisual aids, plus the use of scientific grades. It not only supplements, butactivitiescan be apartofthis.equipment, are all a part of teaching enriches, classroom instruction. After the television lesson, follow-science. This is a far cry from the An area approach is followed inup activities should be carried on.singletext book approach. Multi- the televisionseries. These areasDiscussion brings up many ques-text and reference material in con- have been chosen on the basis oftions that the children are curiousjunction with the use of television current trends and practices in the areallapart of today's science about.Thisinturn stimulatesre- teaching of science. They provide program. search. The demonstrations shown the continuity and depth needed. Afterteachingsciencethrough The classroom activities provide foron television are tried in the class-many varied approaches, I find the a more complete growth in scienceroom by the children. Other experi-use of television to be both stimu- for the individual student. ments involving the same principles are used. These aid the children inlating and rewarding.Because of The television lesson is presentedthe use of scientific equipment andthis approach, my students feel that once a week on Tuesday and alter- science is relevant. It has implanted nate Thursdays. Many demonstra-correct scientific approach. the desire to delve deeper into the tions are anintegral part of the Many elementaryteachersshyfascinating areas encompassed by lesson and help make thelessonaway from teaching science, for fearthis subject. Music to my earsis more effective. These are then du-their science backgroundisinsuf-when the bell rings and Ihear a plicated in the classroom by theficient.Vith televisionas an aid,voice saying, "Oh no, do we have students. thisneed not be thecase. Theto go?"

CONFUSED.. . about travel credit? ...well now read this Many teachers appear to be the course. The college, upon Charleston. When this form is interested in educational travel inquiry, will provide informa- received by the Director he will to be used in lieu of college tion relative to other coopera- then send the directions to the creditfor renewaloftheir ting agencies. teacher on the procedures nec- Professional Certificates and/ If you desire to renew your essary in submitting proposed or for college credit. Professional Certificate by use itinerary, duration of trip and Actually, both can be done, of educational travel in lieu of all of the necessary forms for but such arrangements are not college credit, you should first submission of information for made with the West Virginia obtain permission from your renewal. Department of Educationat county superintendent for such There is no need to write to least not initially. Here is what travel and signaCertificate the State Department of Edu- you must do: If you desire to Renewal Program Agreement. cation until you have taken the receive college credit for travel This agreement, which must steps indicated above; how- in lieu of hours in the class- also be signed by the super- ever, information relevantto room, such arrangements are intendent, is sent by his office the use of educational travel to be made directly with the to the office of the DireCtor of inlieu of credit for renewal college or university which is Certification, State Department of the Professional Certificate Lsponsoring the trip and offering of Education, Capitol Building, will be submitted upon request.

MARCH 1970 23 20 SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS ELIGIBLE FOR PRACTICAL POLITICS SEMINAR The second annual Robert A. Taftand whose teaching fieldissocial Institute of Government Seminar instudies or a closely related subject. Practical Politics will be held at WestTeachers will be chosen on the basis Virginia University from June 29 toof their academic record and desire July 15. The seminar will consist ofto further their knowledge of prac- 13 week-day classes lasting fromticalpolitics.Participantswillbe 9:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m. Morningawarded four semesterhours o f sessions will be devoted to lecturesgraduate credit. An additional two presented by staff members of thesemester hours of credit may be University Political Science Depart-earned by those teachers who arrive ment, while afternoon sessions willon campus two weeks earlier and feature discussions led by practicingenroll in a directed readings course politicians from all levels of govern-in politics. mentlocal, state, and national. Major expenses will be paid by the The seminar is open to 25 ele-Taft Institute, including tuition, room mentary and high schoolteachersand board, and textbooks. Housing who are residents of West Virginiaand classroom facilities will be pro- videdatThe Towers dormitory complex. Registration will be held Sunday afternoon, June 28. Additional information about the Taft Seminar may be obtained by writing toProf. William R.Ross, Political Science Department, Wood- bum Hall, West Virginia_ University,

21 RADIO- Has Many Advantages For Classroom Teacher Radio has many fine attributes asthe job equally as well. Why spend a medium for education, but unfor-thousands of dollars just to get a tunately it has been shoved into theverbal message across when it could background .ecently by the morebe done cheaply by radio? glamourous medium of television. This is not to downgrade television Among the points to be consideredas theultimate teaching medium. in assessing the value of radio toIt simply means that television educators are the following: should be used where the audio and It is relatively inexpensive. De-the video are necessary, but where pending on power and sophisti-audio alone can suffice it should be cation, a radio station can be builtused. in the range of $10,000 to $50,000 The BroadcastingAuthority has which would adequately serve antakensteps which hopefullywill institutionorschoolsystemandlead to a statewide radio plan. Tne the public. This is only a fraction ofFederal Communications Commis- whata televisionstationcosts.sionisworking on an FM radio, It is readily available. Extensiveallocations table which willreveal wiring and otherpreparationofwhat channels are available to West buildingsisnot necessary.Some-Virginia. The Authority has sub-i times a master antenna system maymilted its own request for sufficient, be needed, but usually a good FMchannels to provide adequate service radio set in a classroom will suffice.to the state, and a number of in-; Production of local program-stitutiors have expressed interest ming is simpleandinexpen-radio. Bethany College and Marshall' sive. There are no costly studios withUniversity already have small broad-. cameras, lights, sets, etc. casting stations, and West Virginia Programs from national sourcesWesleyan College has built the only and other suppliers come on inex-large educational radio station in the pensive and easy-to-use audio tape.state. Some secondary schools and They are also in plentiful supply.colleges have developed carrier cur- For certain types of presenta-rent operations which provide pro- tion, radioisactually superiortogramming for a building or a cam- television. Radio appeals to thepus, and afford training opportu- imagination andisthereforethenitiesfor students interestedin number one medium for story tell-broadcasting. ing and dramatics. Do you remem- However, at the time of writing; ber "Let's Pretend," "Inner Sane-the Authority is awaiting the FCC turn," and "Radio Theater?" Seldomreport on allocations. When itis has television reached such heightsreceived it will proceed with drafting of stimulation for the imagination.a West Virginia radio plan. This aspect of radio can be tapped for education. For certain types of program- ming, usually referred to as "the talking face" because the television lesson is simply a teacher sitting or standjg and talking, radio can do

22 this medium to make the publicSpecial Programs for Special Kanawha Teachers aware ofthe responsibilities andPeopleEmpathy Without Sym- (Continued from page 14) duties of the school board, thepathy; Success for Every Child ative but when she became actuallysuperintendent and hisstaff, andThrough Continuous Progress; Team involved inthe production, thenother members of the professionalTeaching-Superintendenttothe what he had said truly became mean-staff. Many interesting programsChild; Kanawha County Student ingful.Elementarysupervisors ofhave been filmed such as: The RoleTeacher Center. One of the most general instruction have been spon-of the Board of Education, Theexciting programs written was the soringthein-servicemeetings. inSuperintendent and His Adminis-one including statements to Kan- cooperation with the ITV director. trative Staff in Operating the Publicawha County students from Col. An attempt is being made to ac-Schools of Kanawha County; SchoolFrank Borman concerning the Space quaint the general public with theSystem on the Move; Plans for Voc-Related Science Project. instructional programs being offeredational and Technical Centers; through ITV as well as the use ofSpace-Related ScienceProject;WMUL-4 000 Teachers (Continued from page .3) first time isalso in a learning sit- uation.Schedulingproblems,re- ception problems, interruptions, communication lapses, time to work in the proper activities, lack of ma- terials,etc.allcontributeto her frustration. Initialresponse, however, has been excellentparticularlyinthe elementary areas where scheduling is more flexible. Utilization in junior and senior high areas has been min- imal this year because of lack of reception equipment and schedu- lingdifficulties. ITV coordinators are working tocircumventthese problem areas in the 1970-71 school year. What does the future hold for the WMUL-TV instructional broadcast- ing operation? The 1970-71 school year offers a real challenge. In- creased local production will become a reality with the completion of the new communications center on the Marshall Campus this summer. More extensive ITV programming and the inclusion of production of higher education programming appear likely.

23 WSWPState's Newest

(Continued from page 12) happy with better prepared first graders. Selection of elementary and secondary programs is based on need in cooperation with staff and teachers from thefivesupporting counties. A college-level committee is working on the same task in the same fashiondetermine common needs andthenfind programs to fill the needs. Instruction b)television does not threatenthe professionalism of the teacher or professor. Instead, it is a flexible tool in the control of the teacher. Programs can be selected to provide direct teaching of subject matter. Television programs can be used to supplement a teacher's presentation or it can be used as enrichment. Television can be used in the same ways in the college classroom, plus courses may be offered to school teachers and the public via television instead of the classroom. In-service training is another important function of WSWP-TV. Teachers can remain in their classrooms for portions of in-service training. And the film libraries can be previewed via Channel 9. After school hours, the night-time schedule will include culturalprograms:art,music, drama, and literature; public affairs: state and national issues on everyone's mind; and educational television provides a public forum where ideas can be argued rather than fought out, with each person having his own opinions and conclusions. WSWP-TV islicensed under the West Virginia Educational Broadcasting Authority, and willutilize programming from the Authority's other station, WNIUL- TV, Iluntington, and from WWVU-TV, operated by West Virginia University. Programs will be procured fromnationalsources:theEasternEducational Television Network, National Educational Television, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and several film and video tape libraries. Not enough construction funds are available to build production studios initially, therefore, VSWP-TV will need to use the facilities of WMUL-TV and/or make arrangements with area commercial stations to produce local programs. WSWP-TV is in the development stage other counties and colleges are being encGuraged to join the project. Over 20 counties and colleges were invited to send technicians and business managers to a February workshop to investigate the technical and financial aspects of receiving Channel 9, or the signal from other educational stations in their areas. Also, offers have been made to several counties for the WSWPTV staff and Advisory Council chairman to visit with county school administrators or school boards. As the call sign of Channel 9 indicates,it was conceived to serve all of southern West Virginia: W Southern West Virginia Public TV.

MARCH 1970 2.1 A move away from the chronological approach

WORLD CULTURES

By Pauline Caudill, Patricia Lee, and Electa Pruett°

The WestVirginiaSocialStudiesCurriculum High School iscurrently piloting the African area, Committee has developed fifteen organizing themes George Washington High School is taking the Asian around which the social studies program K-12 should be studies, and East Bank High School is sponsoring Social developed. Kanawha County world history teachers Anthropology. have had the opportunity to review the first draft The pilot programs will be seeking to answer prepared by the county committee appointed to outline such inevitable questions as: the program for World Cultures I and II. How relevant are the concepts and areas chosen? The traditional one year world history course in How do the students adapt to the new curriculum? attempting to cover chronologically the story of all What additions, deletions, or changes are indicated people of all ages is not relevant to present day problems from actual classroom use? and thinking. It has become a top heavy, cumbersome What instructional materials are presently available in course that has not been popular in the social studies field. the system, and what additional sources are to be TIME Magazine for January 19, 1970, reports the utilized? findings of various sociologists and psychologists who The last question is especially important because at have investigated school vandalism. The reports indicate the present time no known textbook is available which that students react negatively in those courses where they can be utilized in the course. cannot see the relationship of subject matter to everyday World Cultures II will be an elective course to be life. chosen by any student who has completed World In choosing what to include in World Cultures I Cultures I. The course structure could be determined by which will be a required high school course, much the individual teacher and students. It might include a thought was giventothe worldsituationtoday. cultural area or areas, a single topic, or a concept. An Geographical areas suggested for study were chosen example of each follows: Latin America may be the because of their significance in theworld today and cultural area, tribalism, the single topic, nationalism, the because of their contributions, past and present, to the concept. The time period involved must be very people of the world. flexibleit may range from a two week period through a The proposed areas for study in Cultures I are: semester. This time element should depend on the Middle East and South Asia (India, Pakistan) continued interest and learning of the students. China and East Asia Historically, Western culture developed in relative Africa isolation from other parts of the world. Improved Soviet Union and East Europe transportation and communication has resulted in the Western Europe (England, France, Germany) non-Western world and Western civilization now facing Since a strict chronological approach is not being each other with the urgent need for a greater under- standing. followed, any specific cultural area may be studied at the time considered most appropriate. The world has become interdependent. "A Moslem Certain universal concepts underlie all cultures. Man world of nomads must deal with complex Western everywhere has basic needs which he attempts to meet, economic organization." Modern industrial machines be they economic, political, social. aesthetic, religious, or operate side by side with ancient handicrafts and both intellectual. The bushman and the city dweller have the must make adjustments. Man regardless of where or how same basic needs, but they meet them differently. he lives is affected by peoples of other cultures. Man's present culture, wherever he is, has evolved Hopefully World CulturesIIwill continue an from his past. Change is inherent in any culture and it awareness and appreciation of different cultures. may be detrimental or beneficial. Changes produce con- The committee realizes that the many competent sequences which result in various activities in cultures. worldhistoryteachersinKanawhaCountycan Differences in values and beliefs lead to cultures and sub- contribute much to the development of a sound program cultures. One culture cannot be fairly or accurately for World Cultures I and If. Revision of the first draft compared with another by using the same yard stick. will continue throughout the coming year as teachers The high schools represented on the committee are respond with their suggestions. piloting three phases of the program this semester. Nitro 'Teachers b Canawha County Schools 28 25 WEST VIRGINIA SCHOOL. IOURNAL Teacher and the Law Atty. Edward L. Greene Dr. Neil Gibbins Dr. Bernard Queen MAY A TEACHER RECOVER IN A LIBEL ACTION AGAINST PARENTS? A mechanicaldrawingteacherwascharged with pushing a student's head against a desk and making his nose bleed. The teacher allegedly was reprimanding the studentfor drawing errors. The School Principal requested the parent to write a letter concerning the incident and submit itto him. The teacher sued the parent in a libel action on account of false statements in the letter alleging he suffered mental anguish and would be prevented in the future from promotions and pay increases. The evidence showed that the parent's accusations were false and the letter was libelous but the court held that it was a "privileged communication." The court defined "privileged" as: "A communi- cation made bona fide upon any subject matter in which the party communicating has an interest, or in reference to which he has a duty is privileged, if made to a person having corresponding interest or duty." Since the teacher could not prove malice on the part of the parent in writing the letter, the teacher was unable to recover. Segall v. Piazza 280 NYS 2nd 513 (New York, 1965)

411111. Does an Accidental Insurance Policy Protect a Stu- dent Who Deviates From a Direct Course From School to Home? The accidental insurance policy protecting stu- dents required the students to travel"directly" to and from home and school. The injured student instead of traveling directly home, accompanied a friend on a bicycle to a downtown store located only 1500 feet east of the school. The student's home was located 1500 feet west of the school. The bicycle collided with an automobile about 750 feet east of the school and the student was injured. The case turned solely on the question of the constriction of the term of the policy requiring students to travel "directly" between home and school and within one hour. The court held that the ordinary every day experience with the subjects of the coverage, indicates that both the company and the insured must have known the propensity of children not to follow a straight line of travel, whether fixed by their parents, teachers, or this insurance company, and a natural inclination to play, loiter and deviate from a directed course.Thedeviation here was slight, and in point of time, temporary,andhis intentions to return home within the meaning of the policy were not abandoned. A reasonableandpractical and sensible interpretation of "directly home from school" will permit such a deviation. Marto v. Pilot Life bannance Company 171 A 2nd 883 (Pennsylvania, 1 MARCH 1470 26 At A Small Cost Telelecture and Electrowriting Can Bring The 'Best Teacher' To Any Size School While much of the glamour ofis used to transfer written messages educationalcommunicationshasand sketches, which is then projected centered around Instructional Tele-onto a screen through a unit that vision, there are several technolog-resembles an overhead projector. ical developments that are wellBecause thissystem uses ordinary suited to the needs and budgets ofphone lines, any number of remote even the smallest county. Extensionclassrooms may receive the lesson of the effectiveness of a goodsimultaneously.Establishingcon- teacher, increased course offerings,tact is the simple matter of making and upgrading of education all cantwo phone calls, and ordinary phone be accomplished for the costs andrates apply. Using such a system, complexity of an ordinary telephonecourses can be offeredinseveral call by means of telelecture andschools, utilizing the services of a electrowriting. single good teacher. With telelecture and electro- Telelecture andelectrowriting writing, both a teacher's voice andhave received extensive use through- handwriting can be extended to asout the school system of Randolph many classrooms as desired. OneCounty. In 1967 Randolph County telephone lineis used to establishstarted experimental use of the elec- two-way audio communications be-trowriting system, making a physics tween the teacher and any remotecourse available to eleven students classroom. A second telephone linein Pickens High School. The teacher was located in Ceorge Washington High Schoolin Charleston and linked to the class by two phone lines. The course was so successful that Randolph County now utilizes the system inallfive ofits high schools. In the past two years the program has expanded and almost 400 studentshave received high quality instruction in such subjects as chemistry, French, algebra, and politicalscience.Inaddition, the telelecture and electrowriting system has also been used for in-service training of Randolph County teach- ers, receiving instruction from West Virginia University.

27 Reading Council Spring Meeting HIGHER EDUCATION I MEETS APRIL 5-8 Scheduled As Shepherd College Dr. Arthur W. Heilman, DirectorSpecialist with the Curriculum Im- Dr. Prince Woodard, Chancellor of the Reading Centc r at Penn Stateprovement Center of Shepherd Col-of Higher Education will be the University, will be the guest speakerlege. Exhibits will be of teacher andspeaker on Su iday evening, April 5 for the third annual meeting of thepupil made materials as members of the Association of West Virginia Council, International Since thisisthe annual meetingHigher Education get their annual Reading Association, to be held atof the Council, officers will bespring sessions underway. West Vir- Shepherd College on Saturday, Aprilelected and annual reports pre-ginia Wesleyan College will host the 18. sented.Membersofnominatinggroup. Dr. fleilman's topics will be "De-committee are Miss Jane Mike! The conference will wind up on veloping Critical Reading-ThinkingSmith, Mrs. Lela Bailey, and MissMonday evening with a banquet at Skills,"and"CharacteristicsofaMadge McDaniel. which Dr. Russell Cooper, dean of Sound Reading Program." Councilofficers areMrs.Pearlthe University of Southern Florida, Author of many articlesin pro-Bennett, president; Thomas H. fessionalmagazines, Dr. HeilmanHatcher, president-elect; Miss Mary has published a number of booksCompton, secretary; and Hugh widely used by teachers of reading.Mellert, treasurer. These include Principles and Prac- There will be no fee for regis- tices in Teaching Reading, Improvetration.The luncheonwillcost Your Reading Ability, and Phonics$1.75. Reservation for the luncheon in Proper Perspective. should be sent to Miss Joann Local arrangements for the con-Vincent, Berkeley County Board of ference have been made by James A.Education,401S.QueenStreet, Wilhide,LanguageArtsReadingMartinsburg, 25401.

23 -,f01/04.11/11141.11- 00000000 Ir. `0040000000

F-:-. Educational Cooperatives: 0045 =NMI =MEM 111= Help for Rural Schools

111MN= By MARY COBB APPALAC:HIA Educational Laboratory, Inc. Back in the days some of us recall nostalgically, farmers in West Virginia had a "hAping out" arrange- In an Educational Cooperative, computers help ment with their neighbors at harvest time. The men bring quality education to rural schools. and their sons would go from farm to farm mowing tionthanstudentsinaconsolidatedschool.The and stacking hay. One farmer's fields may have been classes are small, and a teacher is present who knows larger than another's, yet the man from the smaller the children by name and is aware of their academic farm worked just as diligently on his neighbor's land weaknesses andstrengths.Althoughtheclassroom as he worked on his own. By the end of the season teacher may not be familiar with the subject being all the fields had been mowed, and hay stacks stoodtaught, she is in close communication with the master picturesquely against an Indian summer sky. teacher and can provide her with valuable feedback." This was a time of real pleasure for the farmers Another advantage in a cooperative effort among a big job had been well done. They had worked hard, school districtsisthe availability of special services but by laboring together their task had been made which one district could not afford alone. Also, teachers easier. from the isolated areas have greater opportunities for Today, the Appalachia Educational Laboratory is inservice education. No longer is it necessary for them encouraging in education the same cooperative spiritto leave home for further study; they can receive which existed for years among the region's farmers. inservice training through the same media used for "Many of Appalachia's small educational systems student instruction. are isolated by the rough terrain and hampered bylack Because the concept of an Educational Coopera- of funds; consequently they often are unable to provide tiveisapplicable toallrural America and not to even basic coursesfortheir students,"saidDr. Appalachia alone, AEL has recommended to the Office Benjamin E. Carmichael, director of the Laboratory. of Education, Division of Laboratories, and to the U.S. "Withtechnology noweconomicallyfeasiblefor !louse of Representatives, General Subcommittee on education, this condition can be changed--if school Education, that the Educational Cooperative be con- systems are willing to think cooperatively and to share sidered a national priority program. their resources." The Laboratory is encouraging the development An Educational Cooperative, as envisioned by the of Educational Cooperatives which are taking root Laboratory, is composed of several school districts,in its region; conceivably these Cooperatives could be a state department of education, and alocal college the models for similar installations across .he nation. or university.These educational agentsvoluntarily Anticipating that this system will be the vehicle for share funds, personnel, and equipmenteach offering transmitting instruction to rural schools, the Laboratory its best for the good of all the children. Modern means is developing programs which will fit into Cooperatives. ofcommunicationtelelecture,Electrowriter,tele- "We are concerned both with the locus of change vision, radio, computer, and mobile facilities areused and the inventions of change, that is, the mechanisms to bring quality instruction to the students. through which change occurs as well asthe sub- A small central staff is responsible for the organi- stantive changes in instruction and curriculum," said zation and smooth operation of the Cooperative. The Carmichael. "Therefore, we are urging that the Edu- activities of the Cooperative are directed by a Board cational Cooperative be made a national priority de- composed of representatives selected by thelocal velopment program for the seventies, and the programs school systems, the college, and the state department which theLaboratoryisdevelopingreading and of education. language, perschool education, vocational guidance, "In this system of education, children in Isolatedand course sharing among schoolsare designed for areas are not subjected to long bus trips overhazardous use inthe Cooperative. We believethatallrural mountain roads to a consolidated school; yet they are America can benefit from the results of our work in not denied an adequate education because of their Appalachia. If the Educational Cooperative is given location," Carmichael explained. "Actually,students national priority, this region will he leading the %vay to in a Cooperative receive more individualized instruc- better education for all rural children."

32 11 WEST VIRGINIA SCHOOL JOURNAL p.r