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Records of Desmids (Chlorophyta) Newly Found in Korea

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Records of Desmids (Chlorophyta) Newly Found in Korea JOURNAL OF Research Paper ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT http://www.jecoenv.org J. Ecol. Environ. 37(4): 299-313, 2014 Records of desmids (Chlorophyta) newly found in Korea Han Soon Kim* Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea Abstract The present study summarizes the taxonomic notes and korean distribution of 29 taxa of the desmids (Chlorophyta) collected from several swamps, reservoirs, rivers, and high land wetlands in South Korea from 2009 to 2013. All of these consisting of 9 genera (Tetmemorus 1 taxon, Pleurotaenium 5 taxa, Triploceras 1 taxon, Euastrum 7 taxa, Cosmarium 6 taxa, Staurastrum 5 taxa, Xanthidium 1 taxon, Hyalotheca 2 taxa, and Desmidium 1 taxon) are newly described in Korean freshwater algal flora. In this study, light microscopy of all of these are presented and briefly discussed with regard to their taxonomy, distribution and ecology within South Korea. Key words: desmids, newly described, South Korea INTRODUCTION Many investigations on fresh-water algal flora have 1981, Brook and Williamson 2010). The most floristic or been carried out in Korea since Kawamura (1918) re- taxonomic studies of desmids from Korea were carried ported a species of Centritractus at Lake Seoho, Suwon out along with other taxonomic groups of freshwater al- (Chung 1968, 1970, 1975, 1976, 1979, 1982, 1993, Chung et gae. al. 1972a, 1972b, Choi 1976, Lee 1978, Wui and Kim 1987a, Although many diverse species of desmids are found 1987b, Kim 1993, 1996, Kim and Chung 1993, 1994, Kim et within freshwater algal flora, only a few studies on this al. 2009). Until now, about 1,200 taxa of fresh-water chlo- flora have been conducted in Korea (Skvortzov 1932, Choi rophytes have been recorded in Korea, and among them 1976, Chung and Lee 1986, Kim 1996). Also, all of the most desmids account for 50% (about 600 taxa). However, this floristic or taxonomic studies on the desmids from Korea is only about 10% of the desmids reported throughout the have investigated from lowland artificial lakes, swamps, world (6,000 species) (John et al. 2011) even though most reservoirs and ponds, but the investigation of freshwater of desmids are cosmopolitan species. Although desmids algae on characteristic habitats such highland moorlands, are green algae found in considerable range of freshwater mountainous Sphagnum bogs or wetlands, and small cra- habitats mostly characterized by low salinities, low con- ter have not been carried out. ductivities, and acidic habitats such as Sphagnum bogs, More than 500 samples were collected from various peat bogs, marsh, swamps, and mountainous wetlands, habitats throughout the country and were investigated many of these are especially abundant in acid bogs as- for establishing fresh-water algal flora in Korea. This study sociated with Sphagnum and Utricularia species (Brook reports 29 taxa of desmids newly recorded in Korea. http://dx.doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2014.033 Received 30 September 2014, Accepted 15 October 2014 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of *Corresponding Author the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which E-mail: [email protected] permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any Tel: +82-53-950-5344 medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © 2014 The Ecological Society of Korea. All rights are reserved. 299 pISSN: 2287-8327 eISSN: 2288-1220 J. Ecol. Environ. 37(4): 299-313, 2014 MATERIALS AND METHODS 128°00˝ The samples were collected at 15 different water bod- ies such as lowland swamps, reservoirs, mountainous wetlands, sphagnum bogs, orum (very small and shallow caldera lakes) from 2009 to 2013 (Fig. 1 and Table 1). The samples were obtained by means of spoid, plankton net (mesh size, 25 μm) or by squeezing submerged macro- phytes. Living materials was immediately examined. After first examination, materials were fixed with% 5 formalin for permanent preservation and detail identification. Mi- croscopic examinations were made at ×200-1000 magni- fication under an Axio Imager A2 microsope (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) and photomicrographs were taken with 36°00˝ an AxioCam HRC camera (Carl Zeiss). Water tempera- ture, pH, and conductivity were measured in the field by means of a HI8314 membrane pH meter (HANNA instru- ments, Smithfield, RI, USA) and a HI9835 EC meter (HAN- NA instruments). All the taxa recorded are illustrated with photomicrographs. The materials were deposited in the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) and De- partment of Biology Kyungpook National University. The following abbreviations are used: Dist., distribution; rr, very rare; r, rare; c, common; cc, abundant. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fig. 1. Location of sampling sites in the territory of Korea. Numbers on the map represent as follow: 1, Darongi pond; 2, Imdang weir; 3, Okbang wetlands; 4, Motje; 5, Jangcheok reservoir; 6, Mujechineup; 7, Junam Pleurotaenium cylindricum (Turner) Schmidle reservoir; 8, Samlak wet-lands; 9, Dongbaek-dongsan; 10, Deokcheon (Fig. 2a and 2b) pond; 11, Sumenmulbangdi; 12, Mulyoungari; 13, Micheongul; 14, Samdalri; 15, Uriseungmajang. See detailed information of sampling site in Table 1. References: Krieger 1937, p. 419, pl. 45, fig. 1; Prescott et Table 1. Informations of sampling sites Site no. Location Characteristic of Sampling site pH EC (μS/cm) Altitude (m) 1 38°12′55˝ N, 128°07′15˝ E highland pond 6-7.5 30-50 1,200 2 35°42′25˝ N, 128°55′00˝ E Weir located at the middle part of the Dongchang stream 6.7-7.5 112-145 100 3 35°46′20˝N, 129°05′05˝ E Abandoned paddy field ditch located at highland 6.2-7.5 27-45 480 4 35°36′45˝ N, 128°13′55˝ E Small shallow pond located at top area of small mountain 6.6-7.7 65-120 80 5 35°26′10˝ N, 128°29′35˝ E Old shallow mesotrophic reservoir 7.2-8.3 103-155 30 6 35°27′50˝ N, 129°08′30˝ E Highland Sphagnum bog 5.2-6.7 25-35 650 7 35°18′35˝ N, 128°39′50˝ E Old shallow mesotrophic reservoir 6.8-7.5 160-197 30 8 35°10′40˝ N, 128°58′20˝ E Artificial wet-lands located at river-side 6.7-7.5 44-121 5 9 33°31′10˝ N, 126°42′30˝ E Natural oligotrophic rock pond 6.1-7.5 44-108 60 10 33°30′20˝ N, 126°46′30˝ E Artificial small shallow pond 6.5-7.4 90-140 100 11 35°25′20˝ N, 128°59′30˝ E Sphagnum bog located at near the middle of Mt. Hanla 5.4-6.6 25-45 860 12 33°22′50˝ N, 126°41′20˝ E Oligotrophic adventive crater 5.6-7.0 36-55 480 13 33°23′10˝ N, 126°50′05˝ E Natural small shallow pond 5.8-7.5 36-70 100 14 33°22′30˝ N, 126°46′20˝ E Artificial small shallow pond 6.8-7.5 36-55 80 15 33°23′35˝ N, 126°48′09˝ E Natural small shallow pond 5.9 70.2 70 http://dx.doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2014.033 300 New record of desmids from Korea a b c d e f g h Fig. 2. (a, b) Pleurotaenium cylindricum, (c, d) P. cylindricum var. stuhlmannii, (e, f) P. elatum, and (g, h) P. lagerheimii. Scale bars represent 20 μm (a, c, e, and g) and 10 μm (b, d, f, and h). 301 http://www.jecoenv.org J. Ecol. Environ. 37(4): 299-313, 2014 al. 1975, p. 113, pl. 47, fig. 15. longer than broad, slightly constricted in the middle; Dist.: 5 (r), 7 (r), 9 (r); numbers indicate sampling sites semicells typically with 4 large, equal prominent undu- in Fig. 1 and Table 1. lation, sometimes with small inflation between the large Description: Cells cylindrical, 7-13 times longer than undulations, tapering slightly to the apex; apices round- broad, slightly constricted in the middle, lateral margins ed- truncate, with a crown of 11-15 conical tubercles; cells parallel; semicell with evident basal inflation, apices length 540-590 μm, breadth 56-62 μm. It rarely occurred slightly broadened, with 10 to 20 tubercles; cells length in mountainous oligotrophic, slightly acidic wetlands in 400-420 μm, breadth 25-27 μm. this study. In the present study, this species was rarely occurred from several lowland mesotrophic to eutrophic reservoirs. Pleurotaenium nodulosum (Ralfs) de Bary (Fig. 3a and 3b) Pleurotaenium cylindricum var. stuhlmannii (Hi- eronymus) Krieger (Fig. 2c and 2d) References: Prescott et al. 1977, p. 126, pl. 47, figs. 6, 8-11; Yamagishi and Akiyama 1997, p. 81; Coesel and References: Krieger 1937, p. 420, pl. 45, fig. 3; Prescott et Meesters 2007, p. 68, pl. 34, figs. 1-3; John et al. 2011, p. al. 1975, p. 114, pl. 47, figs. 16-17; Förster 1982, p. 117, pl. 696, pl. 170, fig. E. 14, fig. 8; Yamagishi and Akiyama 1998, p. 55. Dist.: 5(r), 15(c). Dist.: 9 (rr). Description: Cells medium, about 8-14 times longer Description: Cells large, about 11-18 times longer than than broad, slightly constricted in the middle; semicells broad, very slightly constricted in the middle, lateral mar- with 5-9 undulated margins, apex smooth, rounded or gins straight; semicells cylindrical throughout, apices truncately rounded; wall punctuate or scrobiculate; cells rounded or truncate with 12-17 tubercles in front view; length 510-1,115 μm, breadth 59-85 μm. cells length 560-950 μm, breadth 46-75 μm. A variety dif- fer from nominate by its larger size, greater length and in Tetmemorus laevis Ralfs (Fig.
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