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Download the Full Paper J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2020 Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online) Vol. 17, No. 4, p. 10-20, 2020 http://www.innspub.net RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS Preliminary checklist of desmids from Kokrajhar District, Assam, India Raju Das* BLiSS Laboratory (DBT-GoI), Govt. HS & MP School, Kokrajhar, Assam, India Article published on October 30, 2020 Key words: Desmid, Chlorophyta, Kokrajhar, Assam Abstract This paper presents a precursor in the investigation of the desmids of Kokrajhar District, Assam, India. The present study deals with the diversity of desmids from different freshwater habitats of the district. For this study samples were collected randomly from 12 different habitat around the district during January 2018 to April 2019. Seventy one species were observed comprising eleven genera: Actinotaenium (1), Arthrodesmus (3), Bambusina (1), Closterium (12), Cosmarium (16), Desmidium (4), Euastrum (6), Gonatozygon (1), Hyalotheca (1), Micrasterias (6), Netrium (1), Onychonema (1), Penium (1), Pleuroteanium (5), Spirotaenia (1), Staurastrum (6), Triplocerus (1) and Xanthidium (4). Among the observed taxa some appeared to be the new records for the state of Assam, India. *Corresponding Author: Raju Das [email protected] 10 | Das J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2020 Introduction desmid flora. For example, in a study of desmids from Desmids are unicellular micro-organisms belonging Eastern Himalaya, Das D & Keshri JP (2012, 2013, to the division Chlorophyta and order Zygnematales 2016) reported 272 taxa under 27 genera. Thus, this (Kadiri, 2002). These are considered as the closest study aims to documents the diversity of Desmids in living relatives of land plants (Timme et al., 2012, Kokrajhar Distrct of Assam, India. As this group, of Turmel et al., 2013). This beautiful group of algae has organisms are considered as the quality indicator of diverse symmetry and attractive forms, that have long the freshwater habitat (Ngeampat and been attracted the interest of scientist since early time Peerapornpisal, 2007) thus, in order to study the and a great number of observations were made from freshwater algae from distribution, diversity and different part of the world. Thousands of species have taxonomic point of view the desmids is chosen for the been described from a variety of freshwater habitats present study. around the world (Prescott et al., 1972, 1975, 1977, 1981, 1983; Croasdale et al., 1983). Materials and methods Study Area Desmids have been reported from various parts of The desmids samples were collected during 2017- Asian continent. West and West (1902) reported 279 2019 on monthly basis from 12 different field station desmids from Ceylon and 148 desmid taxa from at Kokrajhar District. The Kokrajhar District is the Burma (Myanmar), West Bengal, Bangladesh and western most district of the state of Assam bordering Madras presidency (Tamil Nadu) (West and West, West Bengal in west and International border with 1907). Besides these Kreiger (1932), Hirano (1992), Bhutan in North. The district of Kokrajhar settled on Scott and Prescott (1961) and Kanestsuna (2002), the riverbank of Brahmaputra is bounded by Dhubri Kanetsuna & Yamagishi, 2018 contributed on the district on the south and the Chirang district lies on distribution of tropical desmids in the Asian region. the eastern side. Altogether 27 genera with 272 species of have been reported from India (Iyengar and Vimala Bai 1941; The area of the district extended from the Manas Patel and Kumar, 1979; Prasad and Misra, 1992; River in the east to the Sonkosh on the west. Bordoloi, 1983; Hegde, 1986; Bongale, 1986; 1987; Kokrajhar district lies in between 26’18 N to 26’54 N Issacs and Hegde, 1987; Habib & Pandey (1989) latitudes and 89’46 E to 90’58 E longitudes. This ;Kumar and Patel, 1988; 1990a; b; Pal and Santra, district is located on the northern bank of 1993; Mishra and Srivastava, 2003; Perumal and Brahmaputra River. The total area of the district is Anand, 2008; Stanley and Baluswami, 2009). 3296.00sq. kms. The climate in Kokrajhar district as in the entire state is hot and humid during summer. It Although, Kokrajhar District in Assam is blessed with also experiences strong spell of cold winter. Rainfall variety of freshwater habitats, but the freshwater continues in abundance for more than six months in a algae from the district have been overlooked from year with occasional shower throughout the rest of documentation. But there is lack of knowledge on this the year. group of algae from the district of Kokrajhar, Assam. The most recent study on freshwater desmids of the The maximum humidity lies from June to October. state of Assam was done by Deka et al. (2011) Yasmin The south west monsoon season is from June to et al. (2011, 2015), Das & Adhikary (2012), Phukan September and October, November constitute post and Bora (2012) whom sampled freshwater habitats monsoon season. The major portion of the district is a in different parts of the state of Assam. In all these flat plain and characterized by its configuration, studies 25 different genera of desmids of the total 160 drainage pattern and geological structure. The district algal genera reported. Besides these sporadic reports, is crossed by several rivers. There are also several neighboring regions contain a rich documented small streams across the area. 11 | Das J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2020 Some perennial wetland marshy places are there like, Arthrodesmus curvatus Turner var. Diplai Beel and Naa Bhandar in Chirang RF. There curvatus are several small and large waterfalls. These all are Arthrodesmus curvatus Turner var. the places of interest for the field collections. The kalimantanus average temperature generally recorded is ±20˚C and Genus: Bambusina Kuetzing the average rainfall in the area is about 500 mm. Bambusina brebissonii Kuetz. Genus: Closterium Ralfs Sampling Closterium acerosum (Schrank) Ehrenberg The sample was collected randomly from different var. tumidum Borge stations using plankton net of 55µm mesh size from Closterium biclavatum Boerg. var. the shore, scraping of epiphyton, direct collecting of biclavatumf. biclavatum wetland sediment, and squeezing of moss and other plant biomass. The collected samples were Closterium closterioides Ralfs var. transferred into 200ml properly labelled plastic intermedium (Roy et Bisset) Ruzicka containers and immediately preserved with 4% Closterium Cynthia Notaris var. cynthia formalin solution. Analysis and Identification: Closterium gracile Breb. var tenue (Lemm.) Samples were examined with a Labomed Research West, W. & G.S. Microscope equipped with tracing and measuring Closterium kuetzingii Breb. var kuentzingii devices and devised with Amscope Microscope Closterium kuetzingii Breb. var. vittatum Camera to captured micrographs. Relevant texts used Nordst. for identification includes – Kanetsuna & Yamagishi, Closterium praelongum Berb. var. 2018; West and West, 1905. praelongum Closterium rectimarginatum Scott & 1912; Bruhl and Biswas, 1926; Prescott, 1951, 1976; Prescott Turner, 1978; Brook, 1981; Gerrath, 2005; Brook and Closterium striolatum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs Johnson, 2002; Coesel and Meesters, 2007. var. erectum Klebs Closterium subjuncidiforme Gronblad Result and discussion In this preliminary study a total of 71 taxa of Desmids Closterium turgidum Ehrenb. var. borgei were identified belonging to 18 genera. Presented (Borge) Defl. below is the checklist of the identified taxa from Genus: Cosmarium Ralfs Kokrajhar District, Assam [Arranged alphabetically] Cosmarium angulatum (Perty) Rabenh. var. angulatum f. major (Grunow) Turner Division: Chlorophyta Cosmarium connatum Breb. Class: Chlorophyceae Cosmarium contractum Kirch. var. Order: Zygnematales minutum (Delp.) West, W. & G.S. Family: Desmidiaceae Cosmarium cycladatum Turner Cosmarium decoratum West, W. & G.S. Genus: Actinotaenium (Nägeli) Teiling Cosmarium favum West, W. & G.S. var. Actinotaenium capax (Joshua) Teiling var. indicum capex Cosmarium geminatum Lund. var. Genus: Arthrodesmus Ehrenberg ex Ralfs. geminatum f. ornatum Behre Arthrodesmus convergens Ehrenberg ex Cosmarium margaritatum (Lund.) Roy & Ralfs var. incrassatus Bisset var. quadrum Krieger 12 | Das J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2020 Cosmarium obsoletum (Hantz.) Reinsch Micrasterias pinnatifida (Kuetz.)Ralfs var. var. sitense Gutw. pinnatifida Cosmarium pakistanicum Islum Micrasterias zeylanica Fritsch Cosmarium pseudobroomei Wolle Genus: Netrium Itzigson & Rothe Cosmarium quadrum Lund. var. quadrum Netrium digitus (Ehrenb.) Itzigs. & Cosmarium scabrolatum Turner Rothevar. digitus Cosmarium striolatum Naeg. var. Genus: Onychonema Wallich striolatum f. intermedium Krieger Onychonema leave Nordst. var. latum West, Cosmarium tagmasterion Scott & Prescott W. & G.S. Cosmarium undulatum Corda ex Ralfs var. Genus: Penium Brebisson (Family: Peniaceae) alaskanum f. reductum Penium spirostriolatum Barker Genus: Desmidium Ralfs. Genus: Pleurotaenium Nageli Desmidium aptogonum Breb. var. Pleurotaenium kayei (Arch.) Rabenh. aptogonum Pleurotaenium nodosum (Bail.) Lund. var. Desmidium baileyi (Ralfs) Nordst. var. borgei Gronbl. baileyi Pleurotaenium nodulosum (Breb.) Bary Desmidium coarctatum Nordst. Pleurotaenium ovatum Nordst. var. ovatum Desmidium swartzii Agardh var. swartzii Pleurotaenium verrucosum (Bail.) Lund. Genus: Euastrum Ralfs var. verrucosum Euastrum ansatum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs var. Genus: Spirotaenia Ralfs pixidatum Delponte Spirotaenia condensata Bréb. Euastrum ceylanicum (West, W. & G.S.)
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