DOCSLIB.ORG

'Absolute Beginner's' Guide To

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

'Absolute Beginner's' Guide to A.P.Pradeepkumar Dept. of Geomatics, Computer Science and Mathematics FHT-Stuttgart Schellingstr. 24, Stuttgart 70174, Germany Email: [email protected], [email protected] February 2003 Contents 1. Setting up a Linux system for GRASS 1.1 System requirements 1.2 Basic software 1.3 Configuration of the GRASS system 1.4 Hard disk partitioning in Linux 1.5 BIOS updating Flashing the BIOS 1.6 The complete steps to have GRASS running on Linux Checking file systems Partitions NTFS and Linux ext2 or ext3 Master Boot Record and Lilo Mounting Windows partition in Linux LTOOLS 2. Setting up a Windows/Cygwin system for GRASS 2.1. The Cygwin environment in Windows for GRASS Step1. Download and install Cygwin tools Step 2. The precompiled X Window (XFree86, X11R6.4) System Step 3. Download latest binary distribution of Windows GRASS Step 4. Download the sunrpc libraries Step 5. Download the precompiled x tcl/tk 8.x libraries and executables Step 6. Actual GRASS installation Step 7. Starting GRASS 5.0.0 Shell prompt Graphical Problems with starting X Window server Switching between the Windows and XWindows monitor Ending the X Server session 'Absolute Beginner's' Guide to Linux/Cygwin GRASS Installation A.P.Pradeepkumar Dept. of Geomatics, Computer Science and Mathematics FHT-Stuttgart Schellingstr. 24, Stuttgart 70174, Germany Email: [email protected], [email protected] Anticipatory bail :-) This guide is not an expert's write up on Linux/Cygwin GRASS installation, but rather a new user's experience with setting up these systems. So there could be far more efficient methods of going about the job than outlined here! Acknowledgments to the many excellent tutorials written by GRASS users and developers, powered by the Free Software philosophy. 1. Setting up a Linux system for GRASS The basic assumption made in this guide is that there is no Linux, Cygwin or GRASS existing in your computer. So the guide deals with setting up Linux (RedHat 7.3 Valhalla 2.4.18-3), Cygwin and GRASS (5.0.0) on a fresh hard disk or on a computer with Windows already installed. 1.1 System requirements Ideally a computer destined to have a GRASS system should have at least: An operating systems like Linux/Intel, Linux/PowerPC, Solaris/SPARC, Solaris/i86, SGI IRIX, HP UX, Mac OS 4 (Darwin), .96 AIX, BSD-Unix variants, FreeBSD, CRAY Unicos, iPAQ/Linux handhelds and other 5=.4 compliant platforms (32/64bit), Windows NTFS/Cygnus. 200MHz speed processor %#&'#)369 RAM )*69 harddisk space for GRASS %**69 to 4GB for Linux (depending on the applications that are installed besides GRASS) Architectures like Intel x86, Motorola PPC, SGI MIPS, Sun SPARC, Alpha AXP, HP PA-RISC, CRAY. )**69 for data A good video card, ideally with !8 support Linux from Redhat, Debian or Slackware. For Debian, Mandrake Tcl/TK is installed but is not found by the executable because some links to dynamic libraries may not be set correctly. Mandrake users have to install grass with the --nodeps option because the link is not found by the package manager (refer http://motivation.ru/ cdrom/doc/grass.en.html for details.). Similar is the case with Suse (http://op.gfz-potsdam.de/GRASS-List/Archive/msg 07619. html). 1.2 Basic software Besides GRASS the following software need to be present (all these are automatically installed with Linux): C-compiler (cc, gcc, egcs etc.) (gcc: http://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/gcc.html) zlib compression library, which is pre-installed on most systems and is used for to internally compress GRASS raster files. (libz: http://www.gzip.org/zlib/) lexical analyzer generator (flex) (flex: http://www.gnu.org/software/flex/flex.html) parser generator (yacc, bison) (bison: http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/bison.html) libncurses 4.x/5.x (pre-installed on most systems) (http://www.gnu.org/software/ncurses/ncurses. html, ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ncurses/) dgm/gdbm (dbm.h): GNU dbm is a set of database routines that use extendible hashing and works similar to the standard 5=.4 dbm routines. (http://www.gnu.org/software/gdbm/gdbm.html) 4%% window system for graphical output, development libraries (X development libraries, usually an integral part of the Linux distributions) (http://www.xfree.org) 1.3 Configuration of the GRASS system The Linux/Windows system that was setup for GRASS/Cygwin GRASS in the Fachhochschule Stuttgart, had the following hardware installed for running GRASS (5.0.0 Aug #**#( as well as other software: CPU: x86 $)* MHz Intel Pentium II, )%# kb cache Memory: #)369 Network Card: 3Com Etherlink PCI, 100MB/s Harddisk capacity: 40GB Monitor: True color (32 bit, 1024x768, refresh rate: 70Hz, ELSA ECOMO %@B monitor) 3.5" 1.44MB floppy drive SCSI CDROM TEAC CD-532S Fast/Ultra SE Video Card: 3$69 ="% GE Force4 64$$* Sound card: Creative SB AWE 3$ 1.4 Hard disk partitioning in Linux An outline of how to install Linux and GRASS, set up a dual-booting computer so that the system can have both Linux and Windows as OSs, access Windows files from Linux and vice-versa is presented here (these are my experience, better ways must exist). Invariably the computer you are going to install GRASS and Linux onto will have Windows as its operating system. So it would be a good idea to collect all the relevant information regarding hardware, network addresses and settings while Windows is intact. From the hardware browser in Windows all relevant information can be obtained. One of the more important information to be collected is the horizontal and vertical frequency of the monitor, Linux sometimes does not properly identify the monitor and its properties. Also you can run the freeware BGInfo in Windows (http://www. sysinternals. com/ ntw2k/freeware/ bginfo.shtml) to collect information on .2 address, netmask address, network address, hostname, gateway address, primary and secondary DNS etc (Fig. 1). These are needed to set up the internet connection. Fig. ( BGInfo provides information on most aspects of the computer and the network (Note: This screenshot is not of the computer in which Linux is installed.) 1.5 BIOS updating In case the hard disk of the computer that is being used for installing Linux and GRASS is not upto the expectations, it can be replaced with a new hard disk. But often the problem of incompatibilty between the BIOS and the new hard disk arises. This is mostly because older hard disks are SCSI while the newer ones with more capacity are .8A ones. Thus the older, existing motherboard and the BIOS will support only SCSI hard disks. Even if the new .8A hard disk is supported, most probably the full capacity of the harddisk will not be recognised by the BIOS. In case the hard disk of the computer that is being used for installing Linux and GRASS is not upto the expectations, it can be replaced with a new hard disk. But often the problem of incompatibilty between the BIOS and the new hard disk arises. This is mostly because older hard disks are SCSI while the newer ones with more capacity are .8A ones. Thus the older, existing motherboard and the BIOS will support only SCSI hard disks. Even if the new .8A hard disk is supported, most probably the full capacity of the harddisk will not be recognised by the BIOS. In the computer . was using, the original hard disk was .8A 4.3GB, with a four year old BIOS (ASUS P2B-S ACPI BIOS Revision 1.006 dated July 16, 1999). The new hard disk was of 40GB capacity, but the existing BIOS could only recognise it as a 8.2GB harddisk. To make the BIOS read the full 40GB, the process of upgrading the BIOS had to be done. Flashing the BIOS. 'Flashing' may have meanings that are not quite close to computing, but when it comes to BIOSs it means thrusting an upgrade over the existing software in the BIOS. Flash ROM is usually used for system BIOS, which initiates hardware devices and sets up necessary parameters for the OS. Unlike EPROM which can be erased by only uv light, flash ROM can be electrically erased and hence its contents can be modified, thus allowing the updating of the BIOS (ASUS #**#F Mueller and Soper, 2002). For my purpose, . downloaded the newest upgrade of the ASUS P2B-S ACPI BIOS '%%'%@@@ Revision 1.006 (it is quite important to know the exact version and dates, these can be found by physically opening the computer and examining the BIOS, so that the relevant upgrade can be downloaded). The software is downloaded to a bootable DOS floppy (only DOS6.2, Win95 or @&( which does not contain CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT (just rename the two if the floppy has them: . dont know why these two should not be on the floppy). Also from the website of the BIOS vendor (mine was http://www.asus.com.tw/inside/Techref) download to the same floppy the program that will allow you to put the upgrade into the BIOS. This software is called a 'flashing' program, and the process is called 'flashing the BIOS'. Boot from the floppy, run the flashing program (called AFLASH.EXE) from the DOS prompt, and the BIOS will be updated (takes about ) minutes) and is now ready to accept the new, high capacity .8A hard disk. Now the process of partitioning of the disk and setting up the OSs can be begun. 1.6 The complete steps to have GRASS running on Linux Checking file systems First determine the current operating system, and the file system on the computer ' e.g., Windows @& FAT partitions Windows NT NTFS Windows #*** Professional NTFS or FAT etc.
Recommended publications
  • New CSC Computing Resources

    New CSC Computing Resources

    New CSC computing resources Atte Sillanpää, Nino Runeberg CSC – IT Center for Science Ltd. Outline CSC at a glance New Kajaani Data Centre Finland’s new supercomputers – Sisu (Cray XC30) – Taito (HP cluster) CSC resources available for researchers CSC presentation 2 CSC’s Services Funet Services Computing Services Universities Application Services Polytechnics Ministries Data Services for Science and Culture Public sector Information Research centers Management Services Companies FUNET FUNET and Data services – Connections to all higher education institutions in Finland and for 37 state research institutes and other organizations – Network Services and Light paths – Network Security – Funet CERT – eduroam – wireless network roaming – Haka-identity Management – Campus Support – The NORDUnet network Data services – Digital Preservation and Data for Research Data for Research (TTA), National Digital Library (KDK) International collaboration via EU projects (EUDAT, APARSEN, ODE, SIM4RDM) – Database and information services Paituli: GIS service Nic.funet.fi – freely distributable files with FTP since 1990 CSC Stream Database administration services – Memory organizations (Finnish university and polytechnics libraries, Finnish National Audiovisual Archive, Finnish National Archives, Finnish National Gallery) 4 Current HPC System Environment Name Louhi Vuori Type Cray XT4/5 HP Cluster DOB 2007 2010 Nodes 1864 304 CPU Cores 10864 3648 Performance ~110 TFlop/s 34 TF Total memory ~11 TB 5 TB Interconnect Cray QDR IB SeaStar Fat tree 3D Torus CSC
  • HP/NVIDIA Solutions for HPC Compute and Visualization

    HP/NVIDIA Solutions for HPC Compute and Visualization

    HP Update Bill Mannel VP/GM HPC & Big Data Business Unit Apollo Servers © Copyright 2015 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The most exciting shifts of our time are underway Security Mobility Cloud Big Data Time to revenue is critical Decisions Making IT critical Business needs must be rapid to business success happen anywhere Change is constant …for billion By 2020 billion 30 devices 8 people trillion GB million 40 data 10 mobile apps 2 © Copyright 2015 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. HP’s compute portfolio for better IT service delivery Software-defined and cloud-ready API HP OneView HP Helion OpenStack RESTful APIs WorkloadWorkload-optimized Optimized Mission-critical Virtualized &cloud Core business Big Data, HPC, SP environments workloads applications & web scalability Workloads HP HP HP Apollo HP HP ProLiant HP Integrity HP Integrity HP BladeSystem HP HP HP ProLiant SL Moonshot Family Cloudline scale-up blades & Superdome NonStop MicroServer ProLiant ML ProLiant DL Density and efficiency Lowest Cost Convergence Intelligence Availability to scale rapidly built to Scale for continuous business to accelerate IT service delivery to increase productivity Converged Converged network Converged management Converged storage Common modular HP Networking HP OneView HP StoreVirtual VSA architecture Global support and services | Best-in-class partnerships | ConvergedSystem 3 © Copyright 2015 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Hyperscale compute grows 10X faster than the total market HPC is a strategic growth market for HP Traditional Private Cloud HPC Service Provider $50 $40 36% $30 50+% $B $20 $10 $0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 4 © Copyright 2015 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
  • CRAY-2 Design Allows Many Types of Users to Solve Problems That Cannot Be Solved with Any Other Computers

    CRAY-2 Design Allows Many Types of Users to Solve Problems That Cannot Be Solved with Any Other Computers

    Cray Research's mission is to lead in the development and marketingof high-performancesystems that make a unique contribution to the markets they serve. For close toa decade, Cray Research has been the industry leader in large-scale computer systems. Today, the majority of supercomputers installed worldwide are Cray systems. These systems are used In advanced research laboratories around the world and have gained strong acceptance in diverse industrial environments. No other manufacturer has Cray Research's breadth of success and experience in supercomputer development. The company's initial product, the GRAY-1 Computer System, was first installed in 1978. The CRAY-1 quickly established itself as the standard of value for large-scale computers and was soon recognized as the first commercially successful vector processor. For some time previously, the potential advantagee af vector processing had been understood, but effective Dractical imolementation had eluded com~uterarchitects. The CRAY-1 broke that barrier, and today vect~rization'techni~uesare used commonly by scientists and engineers in a widevariety of disciplines. With its significant innovations in architecture and technology, the GRAY-2 Computer System sets the standard for the next generation of supercomputers. The CRAY-2 design allows many types of users to solve problems that cannot be solved with any other computers. The GRAY-2 provides an order of magnitude increase in performanceaver the CRAY-1 at an attractive price/performance ratio. Introducing the CRAY-2 Computer System The CRAY-2 Computer System sets the standard for the next generation of supercomputers. It is characterized by a large Common Memory (256 million 64-bit words), four Background Processors, a clock cycle of 4.1 nanoseconds (4.1 billionths of a second) and liquid immersion cooling.
  • Revolution: Greatest Hits

    Revolution: Greatest Hits

    REVOLUTION: GREATEST HITS SHORT ON TIME? VISIT THESE OBJECTS INSIDE THE REVOLUTION EXHIBITION FOR A QUICK OVERVIEW REVOLUTION: PUNCHED CARDS REVOLUTION: BIRTH OF THE COMPUTER REVOLUTION: BIRTH OF THE COMPUTER REVOLUTION: REAL-TIME COMPUTING Hollerith Electric ENIAC, 1946 ENIGMA, ca. 1935 Raytheon Apollo Guidance Tabulating System, 1890 Used in World War II to calculate Few technologies were as Computer, 1966 This device helped the US gun trajectories, only a few piec- decisive in World War II as the This 70 lb. box, built using the government complete the 1890 es remain of this groundbreaking top-secret German encryption new technology of Integrated census in record time and, in American computing system. machine known as ENIGMA. Circuits (ICs), guided Apollo 11 the process, launched the use of ENIAC used 18,000 vacuum Breaking its code was a full-time astronauts to the Moon and back in July of 1969, the first manned punched cards in business. IBM tubes and took several days task for Allied code breakers who moon landing in human history. used the Hollerith system as the to program. invented remarkable comput- The AGC was a lifeline for the basis of its business machines. ing machines to help solve the astronauts throughout the eight ENIGMA riddle. day mission. REVOLUTION: MEMORY & STORAGE REVOLUTION: SUPERCOMPUTERS REVOLUTION: MINICOMPUTERS REVOLUTION: AI & ROBOTICS IBM RAMAC Disk Drive, 1956 Cray-1 Supercomputer, 1976 Kitchen Computer, 1969 SRI Shakey the Robot, 1969 Seeking a faster method of The stunning Cray-1 was the Made by Honeywell and sold by Shakey was the first robot that processing data than using fastest computer in the world.
  • A Ballista Retrospective

    A Ballista Retrospective

    Software Robustness Testing A Ballista Retrospective Phil Koopman [email protected] http://ballista.org With contributions from: Dan Siewiorek, Kobey DeVale John DeVale, Kim Fernsler, Dave Guttendorf, Nathan Kropp, Jiantao Pan, Charles Shelton, Ying Shi Institute for Complex Engineered Systems Overview Introduction • APIs aren’t robust (and people act as if they don’t want them to be robust!) Top 4 Reasons people give for ignoring robustness improvement • “My API is already robust, especially for easy problems” (it’s probably not) • “Robustness is impractical” (it is practical) • “Robust code will be too slow” (it need not be) • “We already know how to do it, thank you very much” (perhaps they don’t) Conclusions • The big future problem for “near-stationary” robustness isn’t technology -- it is awareness & training 2 Ballista Software Testing Overview SPECIFIED INPUT RESPONSE BEHAVIOR SPACE SPACE ROBUST SHOULD VAL I D OPERATION WORK INPUTS MO DULE REPRODUCIBLE UNDEFINED UNDER FAILURE TEST SHOULD INVALID INPUTS UNREPRODUCIBLE RETURN FAILURE ERROR Abstracts testing to the API/Data type level • Most test cases are exceptional • Test cases based on best-practice SW testing methodology 3 Ballista: Test Generation (fine grain testing) Tests developed per data type/subtype; scalable via composition 4 Initial Results: Most APIs Weren’t Robust Unix & Windows systems had poor robustness scores: • 24% to 48% of intentionally exceptional Unix tests yielded non-robust results • Found simple “system killer” programs in Unix, Win 95/98/ME, and WinCE
  • CIS 191 Linux Lab Exercise

    CIS 191 Linux Lab Exercise

    CIS 191 Linux Lab Exercise Lab 9: Backup and Restore Fall 2008 Lab 9: Backup and Restore The purpose of this lab is to explore the different types of backups and methods of restoring them. We will look at three utilities often used for backups and learn the advantages and disadvantages of each. Supplies • VMWare Server 1.05 or higher • Benji VM Preconfiguration • Labs 6 and Labs 7 completed on a pristine Benji VM [root@benji /]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 382 3068383+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 383 447 522112+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 448 511 514080 83 Linux /dev/sda4 512 652 1132582+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 512 549 305203+ 83 Linux /dev/sda6 550 556 56196 83 Linux /dev/sda7 557 581 200781 83 Linux [root@benji /]# [root@benji /]# mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/sda5 on /opt type ext3 (rw) /dev/sda3 on /var type ext3 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) /dev/sda7 on /home type ext3 (rw,usrquota) [root@benji /]# cat /etc/fstab LABEL=/1 / ext3 defaults 1 1 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 LABEL=/opt /opt ext3 defaults 1 2 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 LABEL=/var /var ext3 defaults 1 2 LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0 LABEL=/home /home ext3 usrquota,defaults 1 2 [root@benji /]# Forum If you get stuck on one of the steps below don’t beat your head against the wall.
  • Compaq Ipaq H3650 Pocket PC

    Compaq Ipaq H3650 Pocket PC

    Compaq iPAQ H3650 QUICKSPECS Pocket PC Overview . AT A GLANCE . Easy expansion and customization . through Compaq Expansion Pack . System . • Thin, lightweight design with . brilliant color screen. • Audio record and playback – . Audio programs from the web, . MP3 music, or voice notations . • . Rechargeable battery that gives . up to 12 hours of battery life . • Protected by Compaq Services, . including a one-year warranty — . Certain restrictions and exclusions . apply. Consult the Compaq . Customer Support Center for . details. In Canada, consult the . Product Information Center at 1- . 800-567-1616 for details. 1. Instant on/off and Light Button 7. Calendar Button . 2. Display 8. Voice Recorder Button . 3. QStart Button 9. Microphone . 4. QMenu 10. Ambient Light Sensor . 5. Speaker and 5-way joystick 11. Alarm/Charge Indicator Light . 6. Contacts Button . 1 DA-10632-01-002 — 06.05.2000 Compaq iPAQ H3650 QUICKSPECS Pocket PC Standard Features . MODELS . Processor . Compaq iPAQ H3650 Pocket . 206 MHz Intel StrongARM SA-1110 32-bit RISC Processor . PC . Memory . 170293-001 – NA Commercial . 32-MB SDRAM, 16-MB Flash Memory . Interfaces . Front Panel Buttons 5 buttons plus five-way joystick; (1 on/off and backlight button and (2-5) . customizable application buttons) . Navigator Button 1 Five-way joystick . Side Panel Recorder Button 1 . Bottom Panel Reset Switch 1 . Stylus Eject Button 1 . Communications Port includes serial port . Infrared Port 1 (115 Kbps) . Speaker 1 . Light Sensor 1 . Microphone 1 . Communications Port 1 (with USB/Serial connectivity) . Stereo Audio Output Jack 1 (standard 3.5 mm) . Cradle Interfaces . Connector 1 . Cable 1 USB or Serial cable connects to PC .
  • Supercomputing

    Supercomputing

    DepartmentDepartment ofof DefenseDefense HighHigh PerformancePerformance ComputingComputing ModernizationModernization ProgramProgram Supercomputing:Supercomputing: CrayCray Henry,Henry, DirectorDirector HPCMP,HPCMP, PerformancePerformance44 May MayMeasuresMeasures 20042004 andand OpportunitiesOpportunities CrayCray J.J. HenryHenry AugustAugust 20042004 http://http://www.hpcmo.hpc.milwww.hpcmo.hpc.mil 20042004 HPECHPEC ConferenceConference PresentationPresentation OutlineOutline zz WhatWhat’sWhat’’ss NewNew inin thethe HPCMPHPCMP 00NewNew hardwarehardware 00HPCHPC SoftwareSoftware ApplicationApplication InstitutesInstitutes 00CapabilityCapability AllocationsAllocations 00OpenOpen ResearchResearch SystemsSystems 00OnOn-demand-demand ComputingComputing zz PerformancePerformance MeasuresMeasures -- HPCMPHPCMPHPCMP zz PerformancePerformance MeasuresMeasures –– ChallengesChallengesChallenges && OpportunitiesOpportunities HPCMPHPCMP CentersCenters 19931993 20042004 Legend MSRCs ADCs and DDCs TotalTotal HPCMHPCMPP EndEnd-of-Year-of-Year ComputationalComputational CapabilitiesCapabilities 80 MSRCs ADCs 120,000 70 13.1 MSRCs DCs 100,000 60 23,327 80,000 Over 400X Growth 50 s F Us 60,000 40 eak G HAB 12.1 P 21,759 30 59.3 40,000 77,676 5,86 0 20,000 4,393 30,770 20 2.6 21,946 1, 2 76 3,171 26.6 18 9 3 6 0 688 1, 16 8 2,280 8,03212 , 0 14 2.7 18 1 47 10 0 1,944 3,477 10 15.7 0 50 400 1,200 10.6 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 0 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 FY 01 FY 02 FY 03 FY 04 Year Fiscal Year (TI-XX) HPCMPHPCMP SystemsSystems (MSRCs)(MSRCs)20042004
  • Introduction to UNIX What Is UNIX? Why UNIX? Brief History of UNIX Early UNIX History UNIX Variants

    Introduction to UNIX What Is UNIX? Why UNIX? Brief History of UNIX Early UNIX History UNIX Variants

    What is UNIX? A modern computer operating system Introduction to UNIX Operating system: “a program that acts as an intermediary between a user of the computer and the computer hardware” CS 2204 Software that manages your computer’s resources (files, programs, disks, network, …) Class meeting 1 e.g. Windows, MacOS Modern: features for stability, flexibility, multiple users and programs, configurability, etc. *Notes by Doug Bowman and other members of the CS faculty at Virginia Tech. Copyright 2001-2003. (C) Doug Bowman, Virginia Tech, 2001- 2 Why UNIX? Brief history of UNIX Used in many scientific and industrial settings Ken Thompson & Dennis Richie Huge number of free and well-written originally developed the earliest software programs versions of UNIX at Bell Labs for Open-source OS internal use in 1970s Internet servers and services run on UNIX Borrowed best ideas from other Oss Largely hardware-independent Meant for programmers and computer Based on standards experts Meant to run on “mini computers” (C) Doug Bowman, Virginia Tech, 2001- 3 (C) Doug Bowman, Virginia Tech, 2001- 4 Early UNIX History UNIX variants Thompson also rewrote the operating system Two main threads of development: in high level language of his own design Berkeley software distribution (BSD) which he called B. Unix System Laboratories System V Sun: SunOS, Solaris The B language lacked many features and Ritchie decided to design a successor to B GNU: Linux (many flavors) which he called C. SGI: Irix They then rewrote UNIX in the C FreeBSD programming language to aid in portability. Hewlett-Packard: HP-UX Apple: OS X (Darwin) … (C) Doug Bowman, Virginia Tech, 2001- 5 (C) Doug Bowman, Virginia Tech, 2001- 6 1 Layers in the UNIX System UNIX Structure User Interface The kernel is the core of the UNIX Library Interface Users system, controlling the system Standard Utility Programs hardware and performing various low- (shell, editors, compilers, etc.) System Interface calls User Mode level functions.
  • Absolute BSD—The Ultimate Guide to Freebsd Table of Contents Absolute BSD—The Ultimate Guide to Freebsd

    Absolute BSD—The Ultimate Guide to Freebsd Table of Contents Absolute BSD—The Ultimate Guide to Freebsd

    Absolute BSD—The Ultimate Guide to FreeBSD Table of Contents Absolute BSD—The Ultimate Guide to FreeBSD............................................................................1 Dedication..........................................................................................................................................3 Foreword............................................................................................................................................4 Introduction........................................................................................................................................5 What Is FreeBSD?...................................................................................................................5 How Did FreeBSD Get Here?..................................................................................................5 The BSD License: BSD Goes Public.......................................................................................6 The Birth of Modern FreeBSD.................................................................................................6 FreeBSD Development............................................................................................................7 Committers.........................................................................................................................7 Contributors........................................................................................................................8 Users..................................................................................................................................8
  • Connecting the Storage System to the Solaris Host

    Connecting the Storage System to the Solaris Host

    Configuration Guide for Solaris™ Host Attachment Hitachi Virtual Storage Platform Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM FASTFIND LINKS Document Organization Product Version Getting Help Contents MK-96RD632-05 Copyright © 2010 Hitachi, Ltd., all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or stored in a database or retrieval system for any purpose without the express written permission of Hitachi, Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Hitachi”) and Hitachi Data Systems Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “Hitachi Data Systems”). Hitachi Data Systems reserves the right to make changes to this document at any time without notice and assumes no responsibility for its use. This document contains the most current information available at the time of publication. When new and/or revised information becomes available, this entire document will be updated and distributed to all registered users. All of the features described in this document may not be currently available. Refer to the most recent product announcement or contact your local Hitachi Data Systems sales office for information about feature and product availability. Notice: Hitachi Data Systems products and services can be ordered only under the terms and conditions of the applicable Hitachi Data Systems agreement(s). The use of Hitachi Data Systems products is governed by the terms of your agreement(s) with Hitachi Data Systems. Hitachi is a registered trademark of Hitachi, Ltd. in the United States and other countries. Hitachi Data Systems is a registered trademark and service mark of Hitachi, Ltd.
  • The Wireless LAN and HP Ipaq Handheld Devices

    The Wireless LAN and HP Ipaq Handheld Devices

    The Wireless LAN and HP iPAQ Handheld Devices Overview............................................................................................................................................ 2 HP iPAQ wireless products.................................................................................................................... 2 What is a WLAN?............................................................................................................................... 2 Common WLAN terms ......................................................................................................................... 3 WLAN standards................................................................................................................................. 4 What is roaming?................................................................................................................................5 HP supported authentication wireless protocols........................................................................................ 5 Then and now—HP iPAQ wireless implementation................................................................................... 7 ROM and driver updates ...................................................................................................................... 7 rx3000 series...................................................................................................................................... 8 h4100 and h4300 series ..................................................................................................................