DOCSLIB.ORG

Mark Twain and Elmira

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mark Twain and Elmira Volume 10 • Number 3 W I N T E R 2 0 1 1 $4.95 Huck Finn Born in New York Boy Soldiers on the Front Lines Muslims in New York City Fatal Plane Crash Saves Many The House That Westinghouse Built Hunting for Communists in the Classroom 11 Mark Twain and Elmira B Y M A R K W O O D H O U S E American author and humorist Samuel Clemens (aka Mark Twain) was a citizen of the world, but his life and art were nurtured at his summer home in Elmira, New York. or most people, the pen name Mark Twain conjures up visions of the FAmerican heartland: steam - boats on the Mississippi River, Tom Sawyer, Huck Finn, and the idyllic fictional village of St. Petersburg, based on Samuel Clemens’s boyhood home, Hannibal, Missouri. Clemens, however, was a citizen of the world. He trav- eled widely, and many places can lay claim to him by virtue of his having visited, lived, and worked in them. People are often surprised to learn, then, that his art and life are LIBRARY OF CONGRESS www.nysarchivestrust.org ALL IMAGES: MARK TWAIN ARCHIVE, GANNETT-TRIPP LIBRARY, ELMIRA COLLEGE 12 As legend has it, while anchored in the Bay of Smyrna, Langdon showed Clemens a picture of his sister, Olivia, and Clemens immediately fell in love. Samuel Clemens’s name for Quarry Farm, which overlooked the Chemung River, was “Rest and Be Thankful.” the steamship Quaker City. Olivia’s father, Jervis One of the travelers with Langdon, was a prominent whom Clemens struck up an Elmira businessman who had acquaintance was Charles made his fortune primarily in Langdon of Elmira. lumber and coal. A member As legend has it, while of the Congregationalist Park anchored in the Bay of Smyrna, Church that had formed from Langdon showed Clemens a split with the Presbyterians a picture of his sister, Olivia, over the question of slavery, and Clemens immediately fell Jervis had also been active in in love. How true you find the Underground Railroad this story to be depends on and had served as a founding most the degree of the romantic member of the board of Olivia Langdon Clemens deeply in you, but at least there is trustees of Elmira Female entwined evidence that Clemens was College, the first college to with New York made aware of Olivia while grant degrees to women State, particularly on the voyage and that his equal to those awarded to Elmira, where much of his interest in her was piqued. In men at the time. Into this best-known work took shape. the months after the journey, upper-class and progressive at a lecture by Charles Dickens society came Sam Clemens, The Courtship of Olivia in New York City, Clemens the self-educated, rough-hewn Clemens’s connection with met Olivia Langdon and Westerner who, in relatively Elmira began when, as a her parents for the first time. short order, was asking for young reporter from the West, Shortly after this, he took the hand of Jervis’s daughter. he was commissioned in 1867 the Langdons up on their For his part, Clemens was by a California newspaper to invitation to visit Elmira. By in demand as a lecturer, and accompany and report on a this time he was most certainly his book based on the Quaker group of travelers to Europe in love, and he began his City voyage, The Innocents and the Holy Land on board courtship of Olivia. Abroad, was about to make NEW YORK archives • WINTER 2011 13 Samuel Clemens looks out the window of the octagonal study that Susan Crane built for him up the hill from Quarry Farm. Beginning in 1870 and continuing until 1889, their summer him well known as a writer. before moving to Hartford, into the study and sail right But he was by no means Connecticut, which would in and sail right on, the months were spent regarded as the perfect suitor. remain their primary residence whole day long, without Nonetheless, after some for the next twenty years. thought of running short of in Elmira, where they encounters in which Jervis But beginning in 1870 and stuff or words.” stayed with Olivia’s Langdon took careful measure continuing until 1889, their In his time at Quarry Farm, of the man, consent was summer months were spent Clemens wrote major portions adopted sister, Susan granted, and Sam and Olivia in Elmira, where they stayed of his best-known works, were married in February with Olivia’s adopted sister, including The Adventures of Crane, and her 1870 at the Langdon home. Susan Crane, and her husband, Tom Sawyer, The Adventures husband, Theodore, Two ministers presided: Theodore, at their home, of Huckleberry Finn, Life on Reverend Joseph Twichell of Quarry Farm. It was on East the Mississippi, and A at their home, Hartford, and Elmira’s Hill overlooking the Chemung Connecticut Yankee at King Reverend Thomas K. Beecher, River and the town of Elmira, Arthur’s Court. In an interview Quarry Farm. pastor of Park Church and a a place Clemens called “Rest with a Chicago Tribune member of the prominent and Be Thankful.” reporter in 1886, he remarked family that included Harriet During these summers, that “this may be Beecher Stowe, Henry Ward Clemens settled in to work. called the Beecher, and the feminist By his own admission, life in home Catherine Beecher. Hartford offered many dis- of tractions, while the relatively Olivia Clemens with daughters “Rest and Be Thankful” quiet life at Quarry Farm (left to right) Susy, Jean, and Clara. As a wedding present, allowed him to “pile up manu- Jervis Langdon surprised the scripts” at a more satisfying newlyweds with a home on rate. Susan Crane had a Delaware Avenue in Buffalo, small octagonal study since Clemens had recently built for him farther up acquired part interest in the the hill above the farm. newspaper Buffalo Express. In one letter of 1883, Sam and Livy remained in he wrote, “…it’s like Buffalo only a little over a year old times to step right www.nysarchivestrust.org 14 more complete picture of Clemens’s other complexities as a man and as an artist. Some of this material was only discovered and made available to scholars in 1982, after the generous gift of Quarry Farm to Elmira College by Jervis Langdon Jr. Discoveries in Elmira For instance, many books at the farm were found to contain marginalia by Clemens. These annotations, and the books themselves, speak to his wide-ranging interests and intellectual curiosity. The casual reader, exposed only to the carefully contrived public persona of Mark Twain as a self-taught, simple humorist, might not be Sam Clemens in his study. prepared for his insightful remarks in such titles as Huckleberry Finn tells of John Lewis, a black Carlyle’s French Revolution and other books of man who owned land near and William Edward Hartpole mine, for they were Quarry Farm. Lewis figures Lecky’s History of European written here.” as the hero in a harrowing Morals. Similarly, those who In addition, incident in which a runaway have noted Mark Twain’s Clemens’s first piece horse and buggy bearing casually intimate conversa- for the Atlantic Monthly in Charles Langdon’s wife, tional style on the lecture November 1874, entitled their daughter Julia, and a platform might be fascinated Many books at the “A True Story, Repeated nursemaid speeds down the by Livy’s copy of the poems farm were found to Word for Word as I Heard It,” steep East Hill and is stopped of Robert Browning, which recounts an evening on the by Lewis, who blocks the Clemens marked extensively contain marginalia porch during which Auntie road with his own wagon with stress marks and stage Cord, the cook at Quarry Farm and grabs the bridle of the directions for the readings he by Clemens. These and an ex-slave, tells the story runaway, at great risk to his gave in Elmira homes, reveal- annotations, and the of the painful separation from own life. Clemens’s vivid ing his meticulous attention to her children and serendipitous depiction of the incident preparation and presentation. books themselves, reunion with her son. This shows the warm regard he Another unusual artifact is was the most overt appear- had for Lewis. the “Sermon in Stones,” a speak to his wide- ance of Quarry Farm in Mark The relationships revealed stone split into three slices. ranging interests and Twain’s work, but other in both of these episodes are On the flat surfaces, Clemens references to Clemens’s time useful as part of the compli- wrote a verse in response to intellectual curiosity. and work there are abundant cated conversation regarding a friendly argument with Mrs. in his letters and notebooks. Clemens’s attitude toward Thomas Beecher over the One notable letter to race. Evidence from the farm question of life after death. William Dean Howells in 1877 has also contributed to a Mrs. Beecher, the wife of a NEW YORK archives • WINTER 2011 15 minister, predictably argued Tragically, Susy, who had T H E A R C H I V E S C O N N E C T I O N for an afterlife, while Clemens returned to the Hartford came down with characteris- home in the interim, died of he Mark Twain Archive mation about Clemens’s tic humor on the side of there spinal meningitis while her Tin the Gannett-Tripp Elmira circle. being nothing at all after parents were still abroad.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mark Twain Facts
    Name: Date: MARK TWAIN FACTS Directions: Read these facts about Mark Twain. Using the “Main Ideas and Supporting Details” handout, sift and sort them into categories. 1. Twain’s first famous story “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” is a humorous story about a trick frog owned by a gold miner in California. 2. Mark Twain was the Vice-President of the American Anti-Imperialist League; he believed that the US should not limit the freedoms of people in other countries. 3. Many of Mark Twains’ younger characters are inspired by his life growing up in Missouri. 4. Mark Twain was known for wearing all white clothes. 5. His most famous novels include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which are stories about the adventures of two boys growing up in Missouri. 6. After failing as a gold miner in Nevada, Mark Twain got a job as a writer for the Territorial Enterprise where he developed material for many of his early writings. 7. Mark Twain’s novels A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court and The Gilded Age criticized politics in the US. 8. Early in his career, Mark Twain was considered a writer in the Sagebrush School, a group of writers in Nevada writing about the life of miners in the Gold Rush. 9. Throughout his life, Twain was concerned with making sure that young people had a chance to learn and grow up in a safe environment. In 1906, he founded The Angel Fish and Aquarium Club for girls. 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Samuel Clemens Carriage House) 351 Farmington Avenue WABS Hartford Hartford County- Connecticut
    MARK TWAIN CARRIAGE HOUSE HABS No. CT-359-A (Samuel Clemens Carriage House) 351 Farmington Avenue WABS Hartford Hartford County- Connecticut WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA REDUCED COPIES OF THE MEASURED DRAWINGS PHOTOGRAPHS Historic American Buildings Survey National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. 20013-7127 m HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY MARK TWAIN CARRIAGE HOUSE HABS NO. CT-359-A Location: Rear of 351 Farmington Avenue, Hartford, Hartford County, Connecticut. USGS Hartford North Quadrangle, Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinates; 18.691050.4626060. Present Owner. Occupant. Use: Mark Twain Memorial, the former residence of Samuel Langhorne Clemens (better known as Mark Twain), now a house museum. The carriage house is a mixed-use structure and contains museum offices, conference space, a staff kitchen, a staff library, and storage space. Significance: Completed in 1874, the Mark Twain Carriage House is a multi-purpose barn with a coachman's apartment designed by architects Edward Tuckerman Potter and Alfred H, Thorp as a companion structure to the residence for noted American author and humorist Samuel Clemens and his family. Its massive size and its generous accommodations for the coachman mark this structure as an unusual carriage house among those intended for a single family's use. The building has the wide overhanging eaves and half-timbering typical of the Chalet style popular in the late 19th century for cottages, carriage houses, and gatehouses. The carriage house apartment was
    [Show full text]
  • Nina Clemens Gabrilowitsch, 55, Twain's Last Direct Heir, Dies
    Nina Clemens Gabrilowitsch dies Home | Quotations | Newspaper Articles | Special Features | Links | Search The New York Times, January 19, 1966 Nina Clemens Gabrilowitsch, 55, Twain's Last Direct Heir, Dies LOS ANGELES, Jan. 18 (AP) - The county Coroner's office reported today that Miss Nina Clemens Gabrilowitsch, the last direct descendant of Mark Twain, had died Sunday. She was 55 years old. Miss Clemens was found dead in her room at a Los Angeles motel where she often stayed. Several bottles of pills and alcohol were found in the room, the police said. An autopsy was planned. A Los Angeles bartender said today that Miss Clemens had quipped to him on Saturday night: "When I die, I want artificial flowers, jitterbug music and a bottle of vodka at my grave." She was the granddaughter of Twain, whose real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens. She preferred to use the writer's family name rather than her own. Miss Clemens, who was born four months after her grandfather died, once said that although she had never known him she knew his works "backwards and forwards." Miss Clemens was the daughter of Twain's daughter, Mrs. Clara Langhorne Clemens Samoussoud, and Clara's first husband, Ossip Gabrilowitsch. Mr. Gabrilowitsch was conductor of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra from 1919 until his death in 1936. Miss Clemens's mother died in San Diego on Nov. 19, 1962. A family attorney, Al Matthews, said Miss Clemens had lived on the income of Twain's estate, which he estimated at about $2-million. He said Miss Clemens had an income of $1,500 a month after taxes.
    [Show full text]
  • 351 Farmington Avenue, Hartford, CT 06105 Annual Report FYE 2015
    The Mark Twain House & Museum 351 Farmington Avenue, Hartford, CT 06105! ! Annual Report FYE 2015 - February 1, 2014 through January 31, 2015! Report from Joel Freedman, President of the Board of Trustees To: Members, Friends, and Supporters of The Mark Twain House & Museum! January 31 marked the end of our fiscal year, as well as my first year as President of the Board of Trustees. It was a pivotal year with significant developments. ! We again raised over $2.5 million from our many individual, corporate, foundation, and government supporters. Due to our aggressive programming, which continues to expand our brand, we spent a bit more than raised, leaving us with a small deficit for the fiscal year. Our programming ranged from free community events, such as our annual Ice Cream Social, Tom Sawyer Day, and our popular “Trouble Begins” lectures, to celebrities such as Garrison Keillor and Ralph Nader. We also hosted Noam Chomsky and Ann Rice in larger area venues when demand outstripped our auditorium capacity. Lastly, we continued our marquee events at The Bushnell with best-selling author Dan Brown and our 4th annual “Mark My Words” event with Wicked author Gregory Maguire and Steven Schwartz, who created the Broadway musical. We increased revenue from admissions by 15% and are on track to meet our goal of 50% in three years. Our talented staff also added a popular Servants Tour to the other theme tours enabling guests to turn every visit into a new experience. The year also included many financial milestones. We made progress with our excellent corporate partner, Webster Bank, in renegotiating our debt from the construction of the Museum Center many years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • The Social Consciousness of Mark Twain
    THE SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF MARK TWAIN A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the School of Social Sciences Morehead State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in History by Rose W. Caudill December 1975 AP p~ ~ /THE ScS 9\t l\ (__ ~'1\AJ Accepted by the faculty of the School of Social Sciences, Morehead State University, in partial fulfillment of the require­ ments for the Ma ster of Arts in Hist ory degree. Master ' s Commi ttee : (date TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • . • • . I Chapter I. FEMINISM . 1 II. MARK 1WAIN 1 S VIEWS ON RELIGION 25 III. IMPERIALISM 60 REFERENCES •••• 93 Introduction Mark Twain was one of America's great authors. Behind his mask of humor lay a serious view of life. His chief concern, . was man and how his role in society could be improved. Twain chose not to be a crusader, but his social consciousness in the areas of feminism, religion, and imperialism reveal him to be a crusader at heart. Closest to Twain's heart were his feminist philosophies. He extolled the ideal wife and mother. Women influenced him greatly·, and he romanticized them. Because of these feelings of tenderness and admiration for women, he became concerned about ·the myth of their natural inferiority. As years passed, Twain's feminist philosophies included a belief in the policital, economic, and social equality of the sexes. Maternity was regarded as a major social role during Twain's lifetime since it involved the natural biological role of women. The resu·lting stereotype that "a woman I s place is in the home" largely determined the ways in which women had to express themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Jervis Langdon, Jr
    Mark Twain Circular Newsletter of the Mark Twain Circle of America Volume 18 April 2004 Number 1 The Death of Jervis Langdon, Jr. Jervis Langdon, Jr. 1905-2004 Gretchen Sharlow, Director Center for MT Studies at Quarry Farm Shelley Fisher Fishkin Stanford University It is with deep appreciation and respect that the Elmira College community I was saddened to learn of the death of Jervis mourns the loss of Mark Twain’s grand- Langdon, Jr. on February 16, 2004, and wanted to nephew, Jervis Langdon, Jr., who died take this opportunity to remember him as a gra- February 16, 2004, at his home in Elmira, cious, generous and public-spirited man. I had the New York, at the age of 99. pleasure of meeting Jervis Langdon, Jr. and his With his 1982 gift of the beloved wonderful wife, Irene, three years ago in Elmira. I family home Quarry Farm to Elmira Col- was struck by the way he embraced the legacies lege, and his vision to nurture Twain both of his great grandfather, Jervis Langdon scholarship, Jervis Langdon, Jr. made a (Olivia Langdon Clemens' father, and Sam Clem- major impact on the world of Mark Twain ens' father-in-law), and of his grand-uncle Mark studies. The Elmira College Center for Twain, with wisdom and sensitivity. Mark Twain Studies was developed in In May, 1869, his great grandfather, Jervis 1983 with a mission to foster the study Langdon, purchased the East Hill property in El- Mark Twain, his life, his literature, and his mira that would become Quarry Farm, the home significant influence on American culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Mark Twain's Theories of Morality. Frank C
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1941 Mark Twain's Theories of Morality. Frank C. Flowers Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Flowers, Frank C., "Mark Twain's Theories of Morality." (1941). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 99. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/99 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MARK TWAIN*S THEORIES OF MORALITY A dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College . in. partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of English By Prank C. Flowers 33. A., Louisiana College, 1930 B. A., Stanford University, 193^ M. A., Louisiana State University, 1939 19^1 LIBRARY LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY COPYRIGHTED BY FRANK C. FLOWERS March, 1942 R4 196 37 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author gratefully acknowledges his debt to Dr. Arlin Turner, under whose guidance and with whose help this investigation has been made. Thanks are due to Professors Olive and Bradsher for their helpful suggestions made during the reading of the manuscript, E. C»E* 3 7 ?. 7 ^ L r; 3 0 A. h - H ^ >" 3 ^ / (CABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT . INTRODUCTION I. Mark Twain— philosopher— appropriateness of the epithet 1 A.
    [Show full text]
  • Restoration of the Mark Twain House Is a Work in Progress Author
    WINTER 1998 PAGE 3 Restoration of The Mark Twain Early Gifts to the House is a Work in Progress Campaign for The Mark Twain House Aid The task of restoring The Mark Twain Exterior Restoration House and Carriage House to their origi- nal appearance consists largely of attention Through the generosity of The Hartford to detail. Everyone involved, from the Foundation for Public Giving and the director and curator to the craftsmen and Hartford Courant Foundation, The fabricators, is committed to giving visitors Mark Twain House was able to begin the most accurate representation possible of the exterior restoration of both of our the way the buildings looked more than 100 nineteenth-century buildings in July. years ago when Samuel Clemens and his The Hartford Foundation for Public family occupied them. Here are some of the Giving's decision to award the museum a details that have been attended to in recent grant at its highest level of giving- months: $400,000—acknowledges the project's importance and crucial nature. The The exterior woodwork of the House Hartford Courant Foundation's $50,000 and Carriage House was thoroughly gift, one of that entity's largest grants, examined, and decisions were made as to recognizes that the museum's capital what could be repaired and what had to be projects represent well-thought-out replaced. Ihor Budzinsky, a master carpenter stewardship of this national treasure. from Kronenberger & Sons restoration firm, Capital Campaign Chairman David W. A newly completed fifth chimney rises on replicated the needed pieces in much the the north side of the House.
    [Show full text]
  • The Letters of Mark Twain, Complete by Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)
    The Letters Of Mark Twain, Complete By Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) 1 VOLUME I By Mark Twain MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS I. EARLY LETTERS, 1853. NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA We have no record of Mark Twain's earliest letters. Very likely they were soiled pencil notes, written to some school sweetheart --to "Becky Thatcher," perhaps--and tossed across at lucky moments, or otherwise, with happy or disastrous results. One of those smudgy, much-folded school notes of the Tom Sawyer period would be priceless to-day, and somewhere among forgotten keepsakes it may exist, but we shall not be likely to find it. No letter of his boyhood, no scrap of his earlier writing, has come to light except his penciled name, SAM CLEMENS, laboriously inscribed on the inside of a small worn purse that once held his meager, almost non-existent wealth. He became a printer's apprentice at twelve, but as he received no salary, the need of a purse could not have been urgent. He must have carried it pretty steadily, however, from its 2 appearance--as a kind of symbol of hope, maybe--a token of that Sellers-optimism which dominated his early life, and was never entirely subdued. No other writing of any kind has been preserved from Sam Clemens's boyhood, none from that period of his youth when he had served his apprenticeship and was a capable printer on his brother's paper, a contributor to it when occasion served. Letters and manuscripts of those days have vanished--even his contributions in printed form are unobtainable.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} the Facts Concerning the Recent Carnival of Crime in Connecticutfenimore Cooper's Literary Offences Mark Twain Carnival of Crime in CT
    Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} The Facts Concerning the Recent Carnival of Crime in ConnecticutFenimore Cooper's Literary Offences Mark Twain Carnival of Crime in CT. I was feeling blithe, almost jocund. I put a match to my cigar, and just then the morning's mail was handed in. The first superscription I glanced at was in a handwriting that sent a thrill of pleasure through and through me. It was Aunt Mary's; and she was the person I loved and honored most in all the world, outside of my own household. She had been my boyhood's idol; maturity, which is fatal to so many enchantments, had not been able to dislodge her from her pedestal; no, it had only justified her right to be there, and placed her dethronement permanently among the impossibilities. To show how strong her influence over me was, I will observe that long after everybody else's "do-stop-smoking" had ceased to affect me in the slightest degree, Aunt Mary could still stir my torpid conscience into faint signs of life when she touched upon the matter. But all things have their limit in this world. A happy day came at last, when even Aunt Mary's words could no longer move me. I was not merely glad to see that day arrive; I was more than glad--I was grateful; for when its sun had set, the one alloy that was able to mar my enjoyment of my aunt's society was gone. The remainder of her stay with us that winter was in every way a delight.
    [Show full text]
  • Literary Destinations
    LITERARY DESTINATIONS: MARK TWAIN’S HOUSES AND LITERARY TOURISM by C2009 Hilary Iris Lowe Submitted to the graduate degree program in American studies and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _________________________________________ Dr. Cheryl Lester _________________________________________ Dr. Susan K. Harris _________________________________________ Dr. Ann Schofield _________________________________________ Dr. John Pultz _________________________________________ Dr. Susan Earle Date Defended 11/30/2009 2 The Dissertation Committee for Hilary Iris Lowe certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Literary Destinations: Mark Twain’s Houses and Literary Tourism Committee: ____________________________________ Dr. Cheryl Lester, Chairperson Accepted 11/30/2009 3 Literary Destinations Americans are obsessed with houses—their own and everyone else’s. ~Dell Upton (1998) There is a trick about an American house that is like the deep-lying untranslatable idioms of a foreign language— a trick uncatchable by the stranger, a trick incommunicable and indescribable; and that elusive trick, that intangible something, whatever it is, is the something that gives the home look and the home feeling to an American house and makes it the most satisfying refuge yet invented by men—and women, mainly by women. ~Mark Twain (1892) 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 ABSTRACT 7 PREFACE 8 INTRODUCTION: 16 Literary Homes in the United
    [Show full text]
  • The Persona of Mark Twain As Architect and Satirist of the Genteel Tradition
    Bard College Bard Digital Commons Senior Projects Spring 2016 Bard Undergraduate Senior Projects Spring 2016 Into the Parlor: the Persona of Mark Twain as Architect and Satirist of the Genteel Tradition Morgan Ariel Oppenheimer Bard College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2016 Part of the American Literature Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Oppenheimer, Morgan Ariel, "Into the Parlor: the Persona of Mark Twain as Architect and Satirist of the Genteel Tradition" (2016). Senior Projects Spring 2016. 346. https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2016/346 This Open Access work is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been provided to you by Bard College's Stevenson Library with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this work in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights- holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Into the Parlor: the Persona of Mark Twain as Architect and Satirist of the Genteel Tradition Senior Project submitted to The Division of Languages and Literature of Bard College by Morgan Oppenheimer Annandale-on-Hudson, New York May 2016 Acknowledgements I would like to start by thanking my mother, who read Huckleberry Finn to me, and my father, who has read almost everything I have ever written.
    [Show full text]