Nuovi Dipinti E Alcuni Spunti Per Matteo Ponzone

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Nuovi Dipinti E Alcuni Spunti Per Matteo Ponzone Nuovi dipinti e alcuni spunti per Matteo Ponzone Radoslav Tomic´ In Dalmazia nel corso del XVII e XVIII seco- verosimilmente per i dipinti nel duomo2. lo vissero e furono attivi, per periodi più o Ulteriori committenze sono registrate an- meno lunghi, artisti provenienti da Venezia che più tardi, nel 1655, quando gli viene e dal Veneto. Il primo a giungere in Dalma- corrisposto un compenso per la pala d’alta- zia e a soggiornarvi a lungo fu il pittore Mat- re raffigurante Sant’Antonio da Padova, san teo Ponzone, attestato a Spalato nell’anno Giuseppe e sant’Onofrio, destinata alla chiesa 1635 come padrino al battesimo del nobile francescana di Sebenico. A Venezia, Ponzo- Paolo Cavagnin, confermando in tal mo- ne fu iscritto alla Fraglia dei pittori dal 1613 do che già si era ambientato in città e ave- al 16333, mentre un ulteriore dato prezioso si va stretto amicizie con personaggi illustri. ritrova nella lettera che l’arcivescovo Marko Considerazione logica dato che suo fratello Antun de Dominis inviò al suo successore Sforza Ponzone era arcivescovo di Spalato Sforza Ponzone il 22 ottobre 1616. In questa, (1616-1640) e lo aveva invitato a trasferirsi si riferisce di come il pittore avesse eseguito da Venezia a Spalato, sapendo che nell’am- la pala rappresentante San Giovanni Battista. biente dalmata avrebbe avuto molti com- Questo dipinto, oggi perduto, non è soltanto mittenti. Come tramanda Daniele Farlati1, la prima opera nota di Ponzone, ma anche egli per desiderio del fratello arcivesco- la conferma di precedenti contatti, e colla- vo avrebbe dovuto eseguire dei dipinti di borazioni con Spalato e l’arcivescovo de Do- grande formato con immagini della vita del minis4. I rapporti con quest’ultimo trovano santo patrono della città, san Doimo, per il ulteriore conferma nel fatto che, quando presbiterio della cattedrale recentemente l’arcivescovo ribelle Marko Antun de Domi- costruito, ma a causa della morte dell’arci- nis decise di fuggire in Inghilterra, invitò il vescovo nell’anno 1640 le opere non furono pittore a seguirlo nel viaggio, palesandogli mai eseguite. l’opportunità di poter studiare direttamente Il pittore, tuttavia, aveva ottenuto com- la pittura nelle Fiandre. missioni da centri dalmati anche prima del Scoperte le audaci intenzioni dell’ar- suo soggiorno a Spalato visto che il capito- civescovo, Ponzone ritornò sui suoi passi lo cittadino, già nel 1632, gli aveva ricono- e presentò una dettagliata relazione alle sciuto un pagamento in denaro a Venezia, autorità veneziane, denunciando, tra l’al- Nuovi dipinti e alcuni spunti per Matteo Ponzone 181 tro, come de Dominis, durante il viaggio, si Pirano, datata intorno al 1638, proprio al mentre Zaniberti era originario di Brescia. fosse nascosto sotto il nome del nobile ra- tempo del soggiorno e dell’attività di Pon- Per tale ragione, affascina l’ipotesi che nel- guseo Marino Luccari (Marin Lukarevic´)5. zone a Spalato e a Sebenico11. La testimo- la scelta del pittore a cui commissionare la Tra l’artista e l’arcivesco vi erano, peraltro, nianza documentaria dello stendardo rea- pala per l’altare maggiore, l’intermediario legami di parentela, come attestano i do- lizzato per la chiesa piranese di San Giorgio fosse stato proprio Matteo Ponzone. Nella cumenti nei quali il pittore, il 17 novembre potrebbe anticipare la datazione della pala stessa chiesa, sull’altare laterale della Ma- 1616, chiama l’arcivescovo “parente”6. Se dell’Annunciazione, facendola risalire allo donna del Rosario si trova il dipinto omoni- fonti antiche, Anton Maria Zanetti, Luigi stesso periodo, ossia mentre Ponzone vi- mo di Carlo Ridolfi (1594-1658), databile Lanzi e Ivan Kukuljevic´ Sakcinski, hanno veva a Venezia, come peraltro si è cercato tra il 1637, quando in loco vi era un vecchio ritenuto che Ponzone fosse di origini dal- di dimostrare, su basi di natura stilistica, in dipinto proveniente dall’altare maggiore, mate – secondo Kukuljevic´, Ponzone oltre a un intervento risalente al 200612. e il 1645, anno in cui viene menzionata la essere nato a Spalato o in qualche altra città Negli ultimi anni ho avuto l’opportunità nuova Madonna con i misteri del Rosario di dalmata, sarebbe stato inviato a Venezia a di individuare altre opere del pittore a Traù, Ridolfi15. studiare proprio dal suo colto cugino, l’arci- a Neresi (Nerežišc´a) nell’isola di Brazza, e Agli stessi anni si può far risalire anche vescovo de Dominis –, studi recenti hanno a Spalato: così ulteriori dati vengono pre- la pala d’altare dell’Immacolata Concezio- dimostrato che il pittore è nato a Venezia e sentati in questa occasione. Nella sacrestia ne con i santi Andrea e Giovanni Evangelista, ivi battezzato l’8 settembre 1583 nella chie- della chiesa parrocchiale della Madonna del in origine sull’altare della vecchia chiesa sa di San Moisè7. Carmelo a Neresi si è conservata per decen- conventuale di Santa Chiara e, dal 1883, cu- La critica, che già si è soffermata sul pit- ni, ma in maniera del tutto inadeguata, la stodita nel nuovo monastero delle Clarisse tore e sulle sue opere in Dalmazia8, oltre a pala d’altare della Madonna del Carmelo con fuori le mura urbane di Spalato (fig. 2)16. La quelle, numerose, presenti a Spalato, gli ha i santi Giovanni Battista e Pietro, che, dopo il vecchia chiesa e il monastero delle Claris- attribuito anche dipinti ad Arbe (città nata- ritrovamento, è stata sottoposta a opera di se erano ubicati nelle immediate vicinanze le dell’arcivescovo de Dominis), Sebenico, restauro (fig. 1). Agevolmente, fu ricondotta del duomo di San Doimo, e le monache, nel Traù, Almissa, nelle isole di Brazza, Lesina al pennello di Matteo Ponzone, all’epoca del commissionare l’opera, potrebbero essere e Curzola. Le emergenze documentarie ri- suo soggiorno a Spalato, nel quarto decennio state attratte dal fatto che il pittore era fra- feriscono, inoltre, della pala per la chiesa di del XVII secolo13. Sono pervenute allora, in tello dell’arcivescovo e doveva eseguire un San Francesco a Bettina (Betina), sull’iso- quella chiesa, anche altre pale d’altare, quali ciclo di dipinti rappresentativi per il duomo la di Morter (Murter), che gli fu pagata il 4 la Madonna con il Bambino e i santi Giovanni con motivi della vita e del martirio di san maggio 1637, ma di cui non è rimasta alcuna Battista e Caterina d’Alessandria, posta sull’al- Doimo. traccia.9 Degni di nota risultano altresì i da- tare maggiore e attribuita a Filippo Zaniber- Il monastero delle benedettine e la chie- 1 – Matteo Ponzone, Madonna del Carmelo ti d’archivio della chiesa parrocchiale di San ti (1585-1636), databile a ridosso del 1633, sa di San Michele a Traù furono bombarda- con i santi Giovanni Battista e Pietro. Giorgio a Pirano, dove nel libro dei conti quando il poeta e vicario generale del vesco- ti durante la seconda guerra mondiale. In Neresi, chiesa della Madonna del Carmelo della Confraternita del Santissimo Sacra- vato di Lesina (Hvar), Ivan Ivaniševic´, tra- quell’occasione, vennero distrutte anche mento si tramanda che, tra il 1628 e il 1629, manda in forma scritta che sull’altare si trova molte opere d’arte, mentre una parte di esse a Ponzone venne pagata l’esecuzione di uno un bellissimo dipinto14. fu posta in salvo in altre chiese traurine. Si L’opera raffigura San Michele con le anime del stendardo dipinto per la Confraternita. Tali Zaniberti, come Ponzone, risulta allievo trovava quindi così, nella chiesa di San Pie- Purgatorio, il Padre Eterno e i santi Giovanni documenti sono stati resi noti da Vesna Ka- di Sante Peranda. I due si formarono quindi tro, depositata lacera e negletta, la pala rap- Battista e Benedetto (fig. 3). In basso, san Be- min nel 200910, mentre qualche anno pri- negli stessi anni e nella stessa bottega, co- presentante San Michele originariamente nedetto è raffigurato immerso nell’ombra, ma, nel 2005, a una mostra di opere d’arte me pure la zona di provenienza risulta pres- posta sull’altare maggiore. Dopo il restauro, mentre un monaco alle sue spalle gli regge istriane era stata presentata la pala dell’An- soché medesima: Claudio, il padre di Pon- non solo è possibile identificarne il sogget- il pastorale. Nella parte superiore, gruppi nunciazione della chiesa di Santo Stefano a zone, si era trasferito a Venezia da Cremona, to, ma anche attribuirla a Matteo Ponzone. di angeli affiancano il Padre eterno. La da- 182 AFAT 32 Nuovi dipinti e alcuni spunti per Matteo Ponzone 183 3 – Matteo Ponzone, San Michele con le 4 – Matteo Ponzone, Madonna con il bambino anime del Purgatorio, il Padre Eterno e i santi e san Nicola, Spalato, chiesa di San Nicola Giovanni Battista e Benedetto, Traù, chiesa di San Pietro (già chiesa di San Michele) tazione al quarto decennio del XVII seco- abilmente nascosta di un’opera altrui, bensì lo, ossia quando Ponzone viveva a Spalato, una figura sottilmente modellata dalle linee sembra sostenibile pure per quest’opera, morbide del corpo e dalla gestualità persua- che presenta numerose analogie con dipinti siva, la cui struttura fisica armoniosa (che di quel periodo realizzati per le altre chiese rimanda all’antichità classica) è avvolta in dalmate. Va richiamata, in particolare, l’at- un drappeggio a fitte pieghe. L’artista ri- tenzione sulla figura centrale di san Michele corse a simili soluzioni quando eseguì, per arcangelo, che per la sua forma monumen- l’altare maggiore un tempo nella chiesetta tale e la posa audace domina la pala. Essa, altomedioevale di San Nicola (S. Mikula) a peraltro, evidenzia che Ponzone, se da un Borgo grande (Veli Varoš) di Spalato, la pa- lato riprendeva soluzioni diffuse, dall’altro la raffigurante la Madonna con il Bambino e 2 – Matteo Ponzone, L’Immacolata Concezione con i santi Andrea e Giovanni Evangelista.
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