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Stakerare: Using Social Networks and Collaborative Filtering for Large-Scale Requirements Elicitation
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, MANUSCRIPT ID 1 StakeRare: Using Social Networks and Collaborative Filtering for Large-Scale Requirements Elicitation Soo Ling Lim, and Anthony Finkelstein, Member, IEEE Abstract—Requirements elicitation is the software engineering activity in which stakeholder needs are understood. It involves identifying and prioritising requirements – a process difficult to scale to large software projects with many stakeholders. This paper proposes StakeRare, a novel method that uses social networks and collaborative filtering to identify and prioritise requirements in large software projects. StakeRare identifies stakeholders and asks them to recommend other stakeholders and stakeholder roles, builds a social network with stakeholders as nodes and their recommendations as links, and prioritises stakeholders using a variety of social network measures to determine their project influence. It then asks the stakeholders to rate an initial list of requirements, recommends other relevant requirements to them using collaborative filtering, and prioritises their requirements using their ratings weighted by their project influence. StakeRare was evaluated by applying it to a software project for a 30,000-user system, and a substantial empirical study of requirements elicitation was conducted. Using the data collected from surveying and interviewing 87 stakeholders, the study demonstrated that StakeRare predicts stakeholder needs accurately, and arrives with a more complete and accurately prioritised list of requirements compared to the existing method used in the project, taking only a fraction of the time. Index Terms—Requirements/Specifications, Elicitation methods, Requirements prioritisation, Experimentation, Human factors, Recommender systems, Social network analysis, Stakeholder analysis —————————— ! —————————— 1 INTRODUCTION OFTWARE systems are growing. The increase in size ments. S extends beyond mere lines of code or number of Information overload is inevitable in big projects. -
Openabm-Covid19 - an Agent-Based Model for Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions Against COVID-19 Including Contact Tracing
medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.16.20195925; this version posted September 22, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. OpenABM-Covid19 - an agent-based model for non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 including contact tracing 1,* 1,* 1 1 1 Robert Hinch , William J M Probert , Anel Nurtay , Michelle Kendall , Chris Wymant , 1 1 1 1 1 Matthew Hall , Katrina Lythgoe , Ana Bulas Cruz , Lele Zhao , Andrea Stewart , Luca 1 2 2 2 3 3 Ferretti , Daniel Montero , James Warren , Nicole Mather , Matthew Abueg , Neo Wu , 4 1,5 1 1,6 Anthony Finkelstein , David G Bonsall , Lucie Abeler-Dörner , Christophe Fraser 1 Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 2 IBM United Kingdom, Portsmouth, UK 3 Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA 4 Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK, and Alan Turing Institute, London, UK. 5 Oxford University NHS Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 6 Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. * these authors contributed equally to this work Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has spread across the world, causing high mortality and unprecedented restrictions on social and economic activity. Policymakers are assessing how best to navigate through the ongoing epidemic, with models being used to predict the spread of infection and assess the impact of public health measures. -
Dissertation a Meta-Modeling Approach to Specifying
DISSERTATION A META-MODELING APPROACH TO SPECIFYING PATTERNS Submitted by Dae-Kyoo Kim Department of Computer Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2004 COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY June 21, 2004 WE HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE DISSERTATION PREPARED UNDER OUR SUPERVISION BY DAE-KYOO KIM ENTITLED A META- MODELING APPROACH TO SPECIFYING PATTERNS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING IN PART REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY. Committee on Graduate Work Committee Member: Dr. James M. Bieman Committee Member: Dr. Sudipto Ghosh Committee Member: Dr. Daniel E. Turk Adviser: Dr. Robert B. France Department Head: Dr. L. Darrell Whitley ii ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION A META-MODELING APPROACH TO SPECIFYING PATTERNS A major goal in software development is to produce quality products in less time and with less cost. Systematic reuse of software artifacts that encapsulate high-quality development experience can help one achieve the goal. Design patterns are a common form of reusable design experience that can help developers reduce development time. Prevalent design patterns are, however, described informally (e.g., [35]). This prevents systematic use of patterns. The research documented in this dissertation is aimed at developing a practical pattern specification technique that supports the systematic use of patterns during design modeling. A pattern specification language called the Role-Based Metamod- eling Language (RBML) was developed as part of this research. The RBML specifies a pattern as a specialization of the UML metamodel. The RBML uses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a syntactic base to enable the use of UML modeling tools for creating and evolving pattern specifications. -
Engineering Modeling Languages Turning Domain Knowledge Into Tools Chapman & Hall/CRC Innovations in Software Engineering and Software Development
Engineering Modeling Languages Turning Domain Knowledge into Tools Chapman & Hall/CRC Innovations in Software Engineering and Software Development Series Editor Richard LeBlanc Chair, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Seattle University AIMS AND SCOPE This series covers all aspects of software engineering and software development. Books in the series will be innovative reference books, research monographs, and textbooks at the undergradu- ate and graduate level. Coverage will include traditional subject matter, cutting-edge research, and current industry practice, such as agile software development methods and service-oriented architectures. We also welcome proposals for books that capture the latest results on the domains and conditions in which practices are most effective. PUBLISHED TITLES Building Enterprise Systems with ODP: An Introduction to Open Distributed Processing Peter F. Linington, Zoran Milosevic, Akira Tanaka, and Antonio Vallecillo Computer Games and Software Engineering Kendra M. L. Cooper and Walt Scacchi Engineering Modeling Languages: Turning Domain Knowledge into Tools Benoit Combemale, Robert B. France, Jean-Marc Jézéquel, Bernhard Rumpe, Jim Steel, and Didier Vojtisek Evidence-Based Software Engineering and Systematic Reviews Barbara Ann Kitchenham, David Budgen, and Pearl Brereton Fundamentals of Dependable Computing for Software Engineers John Knight Introduction to Combinatorial Testing D. Richard Kuhn, Raghu N. Kacker, and Yu Lei Introduction to Software Engineering, Second Edition Ronald -
Continuous User Understanding in Software Evolution
FAKULTAT¨ FUR¨ INFORMATIK DER TECHNISCHEN UNIVERSITAT¨ MUNCHEN¨ Dissertation Continuous User Understanding in Software Evolution Jan Ole Johanßen FAKULTAT¨ FUR¨ INFORMATIK DER TECHNISCHEN UNIVERSITAT¨ MUNCHEN¨ Forschungs- und Lehreinheit 1 Angewandte Softwaretechnik Continuous User Understanding in Software Evolution Jan Ole Johanßen Vollstandiger¨ Abdruck der von der Fakultat¨ fur¨ Informatik der Technischen Univer- sitat¨ Munchen¨ zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigten Dissertation. Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Florian Matthes Prufende/-r¨ der Dissertation: 1. Prof. Dr. Bernd Brugge¨ 2. Prof. Dr. Barbara Paech Die Dissertation wurde am 05.09.2019 bei der Technischen Universitat¨ Munchen¨ ein- gereicht und durch die Fakultat¨ fur¨ Informatik am 31.10.2019 angenommen. Abstract Explicit user feedback represents an important source of knowledge for software developers. However, there are deficiencies in current practices of user feedback capture and utilization as they do not address the users’ tacit knowledge. Our research goal is to establish continuous user understanding so that devel- opers can extract tacit knowledge of users for utilization in software evolution. We build on the foundations of continuous software engineering (CSE), which com- prises the frequent and rapid delivery of software increments to obtain instant and diverse user feedback. We argue that in particular implicit user feedback serves as a suitable means that contributes to the extraction of users’ tacit knowledge. We conducted a semi-structured interview study with 24 practitioners from 17 companies to explore how practitioners apply CSE during software evolution and how the availability of user feedback supports CSE. We identified five recommen- dations for continuous user feedback capture and utilization of requirements. -
Whole Thesis
Elicitation of Requirements from Multiple Perspectives Steve Easterbrook June 1991 Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of London, London SW7 2BZ. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London - 1 - Abstract The success of large software engineering projects depends critically on the specification, which must represent the requirements of a large number of people with widely differing perspectives. Conventional approaches to software engineering do not address the process of identifying and integrating these perspectives, but instead concentrate on the maintenance of a single consistent description. This results in a specification which represents only one point of view, often the analyst’s, excluding suggestions which do not fit with this view. The processes which led to the adoption of this point of view will go unrecorded, making any rationale attached to such a specification incomplete. Other participants will not be able to validate it properly, as it does not relate to their requirements. This thesis integrates ideas drawn from the study of knowledge acquisition, computer-supported co-operative work and negotiation into a model of the specification activity which allows the capture of multiple perspectives, and resolution of conflicts between them. Perspectives are elicited separately, and each develops as an independent description of the requirements. If a description becomes inconsistent, it is split into separate perspectives which represent each side of the argument. Comparisons between perspectives can be made, and when conflicts are discovered, a process of computer-supported negotiation is invoked. This allows participants to teach each other about their perspectives, and elicit the issues on which those perspectives are based. -
Model-Driven Development of Complex Software: a Research Roadmap Robert France, Bernhard Rumpe
Model-driven Development of Complex Software: A Research Roadmap Robert France, Bernhard Rumpe Robert France is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Colorado State University. His research focuses on the problems associated with the development of complex software systems. He is involved in research on rigorous software modeling, on providing rigorous support for using design patterns, and on separating concerns using aspect-oriented modeling techniques. He was involved in the Revision Task Forces for UML 1.3 and UML 1.4. He is currently a Co-Editor-In-Chief for the Springer international journal on Software and System Modeling, a Software Area Editor for IEEE Computer and an Associate Editor for the Journal on Software Testing, Verification and Reliability. Bernhard Rumpe is chair of the Institute for Software Systems Engineering at the Braunschweig University of Technology, Germany. His main interests are software development methods and techniques that benefit form both rigorous and practical approaches. This includes the impact of new technologies such as model-engineering based on UML-like notations and domain specific languages and evolutionary, test-based methods, software architecture as well as the methodical and technical implications of their use in industry. He has furthermore contributed to the communities of formal methods and UML. He is author and editor of eight books and Co-Editor-in-Chief of the Springer International Journal on Software and Systems Modeling (www.sosym.org). Future of Software Engineering(FOSE'07) -
Institute for Security Science and Technology Preface
Celebrating 10 years of challenge-led security science at Imperial College London Institute for Security Science and Technology Preface Sir Keith O’Nions Former President & Rector of Imperial College London Ten years ago the security challenges facing From its inception ISST was an interdisciplinary individuals, the wider population and our digital institute drawing participation and interest from and physical infrastructures were receiving across Imperial’s faculties, and building cross increasing attention. The UK government was cutting programmes. It drew on one of Imperial’s developing a comprehensive National Security great and enduring strengths – a willingness of Framework and it was clear that universities with researchers to cross the boundaries of departments their capacity for interdisciplinary research had and faculties and bring their talents to bear on new a much bigger role to play. opportunities and challenges. It also developed a Imperial had recognised this opportunity series of international connections from the outset and in mid-2008 I was invited, following more using both the networks of its founding members than eight years in government roles, to join and the help and generosity of its board of advisors. the College and establish a security institute. Today, a decade on, the need for multidisciplinary I was delighted to accept. The formation of the research in security science and technology within Institute of Security Science and Technology universities is as great as ever. It is a pleasure thus became Imperial’s response to this need to see ISST continuing to grow and flourish with and opportunity. The Institute’s initial strategy increasingly ambitious programmes in both research was straightforward – to become a portal for and teaching. -
A Collaborative Approach to Describe the Domain Language Through the Language Extended Lexicon
Journal of Object Technology Published by AITO — Association Internationale pour les Technologies Objets http://www.jot.fm/ A Collaborative Approach to Describe the Domain Language through the Language Extended Lexicon Leandro Antonellia Gustavo Rossia Alejandro Oliverosb a. Lifia, Fac. de Informática, UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina b. INTEC-UADE and UNTREF, Buenos Airess, Argentina Abstract Software development is a succession of descriptions in different languages in which every description is based on a previous one. Since the requirements specification is one of the first descriptions, it is impor- tant to begin software development with requirements that are as correct and as complete as possible. Although some literature holds the belief that correctness and completeness are two attributes that requirements specifications must satisfy, we know that these attributes are very dif- ficult to meet. However, we have to find ways to diminish the level of incompleteness and deal with the possible conflicts that do arise in the requirements context. Defining the domain language before specifying the requirements is a way of coping with these problems. Nowadays, software systems involve many stakeholders and it is hard to engage all of them to produce a domain language specification. We rely on collaboration to foster the involvement and cooperation of the stakeholders, thus they are able to explore the differences constructively and provide a common understanding of the domain language beyond their own limited views. In this paper, we propose a strategy to capture the domain language in a collaborative way using the Language Extended Lexicon and we show a validation of the proposed strategy. -
On the Interplay of Architecture and Collaboration on Software Evolution and Maintenance
On the Interplay of Architecture and Collaboration on Software Evolution and Maintenance A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University by Sunny Wong in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in Computer Science December 2010 c Copyright 2010 Sunny Wong. All Rights Reserved. Acknowledgements Numerous people have been involved in the completion of this thesis. I am grateful for their support and acknowledge that, without them, I would not be where I am today. Words cannot express my gratitude to everyone who has helped me along the way—but here goes anyways. First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Yuanfang Cai, without whom this thesis would not be possible. Dr. Cai’s guidance and support has been the driving force behind my success. I am indebted to her patient advising in leading me through this journey known as graduate school and academic research. The unique opportunity of working with her as been a truly unforgettable experience. I would like to thank the other members of my thesis committee: Dr. Carliss Baldwin, Dr. Spiros Mancoridis, Dr. Ali Shokoufandeh, Dr. Giuseppe “Peppo” Valetto, and Dr. Tao Xie. The feedback and encouragement from my committee members have pushed me to look at my work from different perspectives and to work outside of my comfort zone. Their time and input has been greatly appreciated. I want to recognize Dr. Miryung Kim for her editorial advice and insights. She has helped me become a better writer in more clearly explaining technical details. -
Programming Embedded Manycore: Refinement and Optimizing
i THESE` DE DOCTORAT DE l’UNIVERSITE´ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE Sp´ecialit´e Informatique Ecole´ Doctorale Informatique, T´el´ecommunications et Electronique´ (Paris) Pr´esent´eepar Ivan LLOPARD Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR de l’UNIVERSITE´ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE Sujet de la th`ese: Programming Embedded Manycore : Refinement and Optimizing Compilation of a Parallel Action Language for Hierarchical State Machines soutenue le 26 avril, 2016 devant le jury compos´ede : M. Reinhard von Hanxleden Rapporteur Professeur `al’Universit´ede Kiel, Allemagne M. Saddek Bensalem Rapporteur Professeur `al’Universit´eJoseph Fourier, Grenoble M. Robert de Simone Examinateur Directeur de recherche, INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne Mme Sophie Dupuy-Chessa Examinateur Professeur `al’Universit´ePierre Mend`esFrance, Grenoble M. Lionel Lacassagne Examinateur Professeur `al’Universit´ePierre et Marie Curie, Paris M. Eric Lenormand Examinateur Thales Group R&T, Palaiseau M. Albert Cohen Directeur de th`ese Directeur de recherche, INRIA/ENS, Paris M. Christian Fabre Co-encadrant Ing´enieurChercheur, CEA LETI, Grenoble Remerciements Je remercie M. Reinhard VON HANXLEDEN, M. Saddek BENSALEM, M. Robert DE SIMONE, Mme Sophie DUPUY-CHESSA, M. Lionel LACASSAGNE et M. Eric LENORMAND, qui m’ont fait l’honneur et le plaisir de participer a` mon jury de these.` J’adresse mes plus grands remerciements a` mon directeur de these` Albert COHEN et mon co- encadrant Christian FABRE. Ils ont su me guider et m’encourager avec beaucoup de patience et de sagesse tout au long de mon parcours de these.` J’ai beaucoup grandi a` vos cotˆ es,´ humaine- ment et scientifiquement, et je vous en suis tres` reconnaissant. -
2 Anticipating Change in Requirements Engineering
2 Anticipating Change in Requirements Engineering Soo Ling Lim and Anthony Finkelstein Department of Computer Science, University College London [email protected] and [email protected] Abstract Requirements change is inevitable in the development and maintenance of software systems. One way to reduce the adverse impact of change is by antici- pating change during requirements elicitation, so that software architecture com- ponents that are affected by the change are loosely coupled with the rest of the system. This chapter proposes Change-oriented Requirements Engineering (CoRE), a method to anticipate change by separating requirements into layers that change at relatively different rates. From the most stable to the most volatile, the layers are: patterns, functional constraints, non-functional constraints, and busi- ness policies and rules. CoRE is empirically evaluated by applying it to a large- scale software system, and then studying the requirements change from develop- ment to maintenance. Results show that CoRE accurately anticipates the relative volatility of the requirements. Keywords: Requirements change management; shearing layers; goal modelling. 2.1 Introduction Requirements change is inevitable in the development and maintenance of soft- ware systems. As the environment and stakeholders’ needs continuously change, so must the system, in order to continue meeting its intended purpose. Studies show that requirements change accounts for a large part of the rework in devel- opment, in some cases up to 85% [4, 16, 34]. As such, it is one of the top causes of project failure [30], and often regarded as one of the most chronic problems in software development [14].