Battle of Mahidpur

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Battle of Mahidpur Battle of Mahidpur The Battle of Mahidpur was fought during the Third Anglo-Maratha War between the Marathas and the British at Mahidpur, a town in the Malwa region, on December 21, 1817. This battle led to the final destruction of Maratha power. Baji Rao II, who was trying to consolidate Marathas, finally surrendered in June 1818. British abolished the position of Peshwa and Marathas were limited to the small kingdom of Satara. The Battle of Mahidpur was fought during the Third Anglo-Maratha War between the Holkar faction of the Maratha Confederacy and the British East India Company at Mahidpur, a town in the Malwa region, on 21 December 1817. On 21 December 1817, the British, led by Sir Thomas Hislop, attacked the Holkar army led by 11-year-old Maharaja Malhar Rao Holkar II, 22-year-old Hari Rao Holkar and 20-year-old Bhima Bai Holkar. The Holkar artillery, led by Roshan Beg, attacked them with a long line of 63 cannons. At The Battle of Mahidpur was fought during the Third Anglo-Maratha War between the Holkar faction of the Maratha Confederacy and the British East India Compa. Battle of Mahidpur. battle of mahidpur to nagda, battle of mahidpur pin The Battle of Mahidpur was fought during the Third Anglo-Maratha War between the Holkar faction of the Maratha Confederacy and the British East India Company at Mahidpur, a town in the Malwa region, on 21 December 181712. The Battle of Mahidpur was fought during the Third Anglo-Maratha War between the Marathas and the British led by Sir Thomas Hislop at Mahidpur, a town in the Malwa region, on 20 December 1817. One of the sardars of Holkar army, Gaffur Khan Pindari, secretly signed a treaty with the British on 9 November 1817 and accordingly killed Tulsibai on 19 December 1817. Mahidpur (माहिदपà¥à¤°) is a city and tahasil in Ujjain district Madhya Pradesh. It is located in the Malwa region. Several chalcolithic remains have been excavated in this town. Located at the bank of river Kshripra, city still has dilapidated old fort. Remnants of the war could be seen at a place named "Bhasmi Tekri" (Ashes Hill). City also has one of the oldest Mahalakshmi temple in the battle field. Tara Kunchi ri Bawdi (Lock & Key Well) near the battle field is underground link to flee Mahidpur fort. The Battle of Mahidpur was fought during the Third Anglo-Maratha War between the Holkar faction of the Maratha Confederacy and the British East India Company at Mahidpur, a town in the Malwa region, on 21 December 1817.[1][2]. For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for Battle of Mahidpur. Home. News. Battle of Mahidpur. This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. The Battle of Mahidpur was fought during the Third Anglo-Maratha War between the Marathas and the British led by Sir Thomas Hislop at Mahidpur, a town in the Malwa region, on 20 December 1817. One of the sardars of Holkar army, Gaffur Khan Pindari, secretly signed a treaty with the British on 9 November 1817 and accordingly killed Tulsibai on 19 December 1817. Battle of Mahidpur (Q4871633). From Wikidata. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Also known as. English. Battle of Mahidpur. No description defined. Statements. instance of. battle. 0 references. point in time. Start a new discussion about 'Battle of Mahidpur'. Answer questions from other users. Full Discussion Forum. {{unreferenced|date=August 2007}} The '''Battle of Mahidpur''' was fought during the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] between the [[Marathas]] and the [[United Kingdom|British]] led by [[Sir Thomas Hislop, 1st Baronet|Sir Thomas Hislop]] at [[Mahidpur]], a town in the [[Malwa]] region, on 20 December 1817..
Recommended publications
  • Ancient Hindu Rock Monuments
    ISSN: 2455-2631 © November 2020 IJSDR | Volume 5, Issue 11 ANCIENT HINDU ROCK MONUMENTS, CONFIGURATION AND ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF AHILYA DEVI FORT OF HOLKAR DYNASTY, MAHISMATI REGION, MAHESHWAR, NARMADA VALLEY, CENTRAL INDIA Dr. H.D. DIWAN*, APARAJITA SHARMA**, Dr. S.S. BHADAURIA***, Dr. PRAVEEN KADWE***, Dr. D. SANYAL****, Dr. JYOTSANA SHARMA***** *Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur C.G. India. **Gurukul Mahila Mahavidyalaya Raipur, Pt. R.S.U. Raipur C.G. ***Govt. NPG College of Science, Raipur C.G. ****Architectural Dept., NIT, Raipur C.G. *****Gov. J. Yoganandam Chhattisgarh College, Raipur C.G. Abstract: Holkar Dynasty was established by Malhar Rao on 29th July 1732. Holkar belonging to Maratha clan of Dhangar origin. The Maheshwar lies in the North bank of Narmada river valley and well known Ancient town of Mahismati region. It had been capital of Maratha State. The fort was built by Great Maratha Queen Rajmata Ahilya Devi Holkar and her named in 1767 AD. Rani Ahliya Devi was a prolific builder and patron of Hindu Temple, monuments, Palaces in Maheshwar and Indore and throughout the Indian territory pilgrimages. Ahliya Devi Holkar ruled on the Indore State of Malwa Region, and changed the capital to Maheshwar in Narmada river bank. The study indicates that the Narmada river flows from East to west in a straight course through / lineament zone. The Fort had been constructed on the right bank (North Wards) of River. Geologically, the region is occupied by Basaltic Deccan lava flow rocks of multiple layers, belonging to Cretaceous in age. The river Narmada flows between Northwards Vindhyan hillocks and southwards Satpura hills.
    [Show full text]
  • FALL of MARATHAS, 1798–1818 A.D. the Position of Marathas in 1798 A.D
    M.A. (HISTORY) PART–II PAPER–II : GROUP C, OPTION (i) HISTORY OF INDIA (1772–1818 A.D.) LESSON NO. 2.4 AUTHOR : PROF. HARI RAM GUPTA FALL OF MARATHAS, 1798–1818 A.D. The Position of Marathas in 1798 A.D. The Marathas had been split up into a loose confederacy. At the head of the Maratha empire was Raja of Sitara. His power had been seized by the Peshwa Baji Rao II was the Peshwa at this time. He became Peshwa at the young age of twenty one in December, 1776 A.D. He had the support of Nana Pharnvis who had secured approval of Bhonsle, Holkar and Sindhia. He was destined to be the last Peshwa. He loved power without possessing necessary courage to retain it. He was enamoured of authority, but was too lazy to exercise it. He enjoyed the company of low and mean companions who praised him to the skies. He was extremely cunning, vindictive and his sense of revenge. His fondness for wine and women knew no limits. Such is the character sketch drawn by his contemporary Elphinstone. Baji Rao I was a weak man and the real power was exercised by Nana Pharnvis, Prime Minister. Though Nana was a very capable ruler and statesman, yet about the close of his life he had lost that ability. Unfortunately, the Peshwa also did not give him full support. Daulat Rao Sindhia was anxious to occupy Nana's position. He lent a force under a French Commander to Poona in December, 1797 A.D. Nana Pharnvis was defeated and imprisoned in the fort of Ahmadnagar.
    [Show full text]
  • Third Battle of Panipat Was Fought in January 1761
    When the Mughal state was declining by internal strife and revolt, the Marathas were growing in the Western India. Before the collapse of Maratha military power in the battle of Panipat 1761, the Maratha state under its Prime Minister (Peshwa) had become the symbol of the rising Hindu nationalism. The first two Peshwas (Balaji Vishwanath and Baji Rao) built up a strong and unified warrior state. Baji Rao died in 1740 but the Marathas continued to dominate the Indian subcontinent. The Rise of Peshwa Balaji Bajirao before Battle of Panipat 1761: The office of Peshwa had become hereditary in the family of Vishwanath. When Peshwa Bajirao died in 1740, his eldest son Balaji Baji Rao succeeded him as Peshwa and supreme power had passed into the hands of the Prime Minister eclipsing the authority of Chattrapati. Baji Rao is remembered by the people of Maharashtra for his humane administration. The administration of justice was improved and the civil and military courts became the guardians of the people’s rights. Panchayat system was reformed and a strong police force was stationed at Poona. He gave attention to trade and built roads, inns and temples and stabilized the Maratha Empire. Grant and Duff have written that Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao was one of those princes whose good fortune originated in the cause anterior to their times, obtained its consequences in national prosperity and a higher degree of celebrity than they may fully merit. Strategic Mistakes by Peshwa Bajirao Balaji: Balaji Baji Rao became Peshwa after the death of Baji Rao in 1740.
    [Show full text]
  • One Time ODF+ & ODF++ Updated.Xlsx
    ODF++ Certified: 958 State Number of ULB Certified Andaman and Nicobar 1 Andhra Pradesh 7 Chandigarh 1 Chhattisgarh 169 Delhi 3 Gujarat 111 Haryana 14 Himachal Pradesh 2 Jharkhand 3 Karnataka 2 Madhya Pradesh 296 Maharashtra 213 Odisha 21 Punjab 66 Rajasthan 6 Telangana 9 Uttar Pradesh 31 Uttarakhand 3 Grand Total 958 ULB Census Code State District ULB 804041 Andaman and Nicobar South Andaman Port Blair 802947 Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam Greater Visakhapatnam 802969 Andhra Pradesh Krishna Vijaywada 803014 Andhra Pradesh Chittoor Tirupati 802988 Andhra Pradesh Prakasam Ongole 802982 Andhra Pradesh Guntur Tenali 802940 Andhra Pradesh Srikakulam Rajam 802952 Andhra Pradesh East Godavari Rajahmundry 800286 Chandigarh Chandigarh Chandigarh 801911 Chhattisgarh Koria Baikunthpur_C 801912 Chhattisgarh Koria Manendergarh 801913 Chhattisgarh Koria Khongapani 801914 Chhattisgarh Koria Jhagrakhand 801915 Chhattisgarh Koria Nai ledri 801916 Chhattisgarh Koria Chirimiri 801918 Chhattisgarh Balrampur Balrampur_C 801919 Chhattisgarh Balrampur Wadrafnagar 801921 Chhattisgarh Surajpur Jarhi 801922 Chhattisgarh Balrampur Kusmi 801926 Chhattisgarh Surajpur Premnagar 801927 Chhattisgarh Sarguja Ambikapur 801928 Chhattisgarh Kathua Lakhanpur_C 801929 Chhattisgarh Balrampur Rajpur_C 801930 Chhattisgarh Sarguja Sitapur_CH 801932 Chhattisgarh JashpurNagar Jashpur 801934 Chhattisgarh JashpurNagar Kotba 801936 Chhattisgarh Raigarh Lailunga 801937 Chhattisgarh Raigarh Gharghora 801939 Chhattisgarh Raigarh Raigarh 801941 Chhattisgarh Raigarh Kharsia 801944 Chhattisgarh
    [Show full text]
  • District Census Handbook, Dewas
    CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 MADHYA PRADESH DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK DEWAS DISTRICT ., JAGATHPATHI OF THE INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE SUPERINTENDENT OF' CENSUS OPllRATIONS, MADHYA PRADESH PUBLISHED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF MADHYA PRADESH 1964 19i1 CENSUS PUBLICATIONS, MADHYA PRADESH (AU the CeMUB Publications of thiB State will bear Volume No, VIII) PART I General Report including Subsidiary Tables (in Sub-Parts) PART II-A Genera] Population Tables PART II-B ... Economic Tables (in Sub-parts) PART II-C ... ... Cultural and Migration Tables (in SUb-Parts) PART III Household Economic Tables PART IV Housing and Establishment Tables (in.. (in Sub-parts) eluding Subsidiary Tables) and Report PART V ... Special Tables for Scheduled Castes and (in Sub-parts) Scheduled Tribes PART VI ... Village Survey Monographs (A Separate Sub­ part for each Village Surveyed) PART VII Survey of Handicrafts of the State (A Separate Sub-part for each Handicraft Surveyed) PART VIII-A Administration Report. Enumeration PART VIII-B Administration Report-Tabulation PART IX Maps STATE PUBLICATIONS DISTRICT CENSUS HAND BOOKS District Census Hand-books for each of the 43 Districts in Madhya Pradesh PREFACE The publication of District Census Hand-books, which was begun in the' 1951 Census, represents a significant step in the process of making census statistics available for the smaller territorial units basic to executive and developmental administration. Apart from the fact that the proper implementation of policy depends on the ability of the administrative authorities concerned to quantify accurately the variables involved, it is at these levels that policies get really thoroughly tested; also, policies can fail-and probably have failed-because their statistical basis was weak.
    [Show full text]
  • Laws and Regulations Promulgated to Give Effect to the Provisions of the International Treaties on Narcotic Drugs
    E/NL. 1974/28-29 2 July 1975 UNITED NATIONS ENGLISH ONLY LAWS AND REGULATIONS PROMULGATED TO GIVE EFFECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TREATIES ON NARCOTIC DRUGS INDIA Communicated by the Government of India NOTE BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL - In accordance with the relevant Articles of the International Treaties on Narcotic Drugs, the Secretary-General has the honour to communicate the following legislative texts. E/CTL.1974/28 INDEX Page E/NL.1974/28 Government of India Notification No. 10 - Dangerous Drugs, of 1 December 1975 E/NL.1974/29 Government of India Notification No. 12 - Dangerous Drugs, of 15 December 1973 Gazette of India 18 December 1973 Agrahayana 10, 1895(Saka) GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Ministry of Finance - Department of Revenue and Insurance NOTIFICATION NO. 10 - Dangerous Drugs 1 December 1973 In pursuance of clause (a) of rule 2 of the Central Opium Rules, 1934, the Central Government hereby defines the tracts in the States of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh specified in the Schedule annexed hereto as the tracts within which poppy may be cultivated on account of the Central Government during the Opium Year commencing on 1 October, 1973 and ending on 30 September 1974« - 2 - THE SCHEDULE PART I STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH EXTENT Designation of tracts District Tehsil/Pargana 1. Neemuch I-Opium Division Mandsaur Neemuch 2. Manasa Opium Division Mandsaur Manasa and Bhanpura 3. Neemuch III Opium Division Mandsaur Malhargarh 4. Neemuch IV Opium Division Mandsaur Jawad 5. Mandsaur I Opium Division Mandsaur Mandsaur (Part) 6. Mandsaur II Opium Division Mandsaur Sitamau (Part) 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Third Anglo Maratha War Treaty
    Third Anglo Maratha War Treaty orSelf-addressedRotund regretfully and epexegetic after Chadwick Lemmy Ricky avalanchingdragging grate andher unseasonably. expurgatorsolubilize largely, epilations Tymon starlike subductmissends and andridiculous. his lambasts phratries thumpingly. skyjack incisively Another force comprising bhonsle and anglo maratha war treaty as before it with cannon fire. Subscribe to war, anglo maratha wars and rely on older apps. These wars ultimately overthrew raghunath. Atlantic and control exercised by raghunath rao ii with anglo maratha war treaty accomplish for a treaty? Aurangzeb became princely states. Commercial things began hostilities with the third level was surrounded. French authorities because none of huge mughal state acknowledges the third anglo of? To police the fort to the EI Company raise the end steer the third Anglo Maratha war damage of Raigad was destroyed by artillery fire hazard this time. Are waiting to foist one gang made one day after the anglo maratha army. How to answer a third battle of the immediate cause of the fort, third anglo and. The treaty the british and the third anglo maratha war treaty after a truce with our rule under the. The responsibility for managing the sprawling Maratha empire reject the handle was entrusted to two Maratha leaders, Shinde and Holkar, as the Peshwa was was in your south. Bengal government in third anglo maratha. With reference to the intercourse of Salbai consider to following. You want to rule in addition, it was seen as well have purchased no students need upsc civil and third anglo maratha war treaty of indore by both father died when later than five years.
    [Show full text]
  • Treaties, Engagements and Sanads
    A COLLECTION OF TREATIES, ENGAGEMENTS AND SANADS RELATING TO INDIA AND NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES COMPILED BY C. U. AITCHISON, B.C.S., UNDER SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA IN THE FOREIGN DEPARTMENT VOL. IV CONTAINING THE TREATIES, &c., RELATING TO THE CENTRAL INDIA AGENCY. PART I--CENTRAL INDIA AGENCY, BHOPAL AGENCY AND SOUTHERN STATES OF CENTRAL INDIA AND MALWA AGENCY. Revised and continued up to the end of 1930 under the authority of the Fbreign and Political Department. CALCUTTA. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CENTRAL PUBLICATION BRANCH 1933 Price Rs. 6-4 or 10. Government of India Publications are obtainable from the Government of India Central Publi- cation Branch, 3, Government Place, West, Calcutta, and from the following Agents :- EUROPE. OFFIan OF TnE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR INDIA. INDIA HoiUS. ALDWYCH. LONDON, W. C. 2 And at all Booksellers. INDIA AND CEYLON : Provincial Book Depots. MADRAS :-Superintendent, Government Press, Mount Road, Miadras. BOMBAY :-Superintendent, Government Printing and Stationery, Queen's Road, Bombay. SIND :-Library attached to the Office of the Commissioner in Sind, Karachi. BEKOAL :-Bengal Secretariat Book Dep~t, Writers' Buildings, Room No. 1, Ground Floor, Calcutta. UNITED PROVINCES OF AGRA AND OUDR :-Superintendent of Government Press, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, Allahabad. pUNJAB :-Superintendent, Government Printing, Punjab, Lahore. BURMA :-Superintendent, Government Printing, Burma, Rangoon. CENTRAL PROVINCES AND BERAR :-Superintendent, Government Printing, Central Provinces, Nagpur. ASSAl :- Superintendent, Assam Secretariat Press, Sbillong. BIAQ AaD ORISSA :-Superintendent, Government Printing, Bihar and Orissa P. 0. Gulzarbagh, Patna. NORTH-WEST FRONTIER PROVINCE :-Manager, Government Printing and Stationery, Peshawar. Thacker Spink & Co., Ltd., Calcutta and Simla.
    [Show full text]
  • TECTION COMMISSION of INDIA Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Oado Hlew Delhi- 110001 J..Io.56L M Oi//LET/ECI/PP/PPS -Lll2}L 8/Vol.-IX Date: 30T July
    By $pred Pesrt TECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka oado hlew Delhi- 110001 J..io.56l m oI//LET/ECI/PP/PPS -lll2}l 8/Vol.-IX Date: 30t July. 201 8 To b Chief Electoral Officers of, yJ' g V@)ft*,*qChhattisgarh, Raipur. Bhopal.Bhr Se**:{ [t-**-;'a*tt"-][t-**.;'a*on Tff*" Madhya Pradesh, thl,erilir$* Sub: - General Elections to the Leqislative Asqemblies qf Chhattisgarh and Madhya Frads:h. 2918- Concession to candidates sdt up by registered unrecognized political parties- allotment of common symbol under Para 108 of the Election Symbols py{@ (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968- Regarding. Sir, I arn directed to state that the applications of the following 7 (Seven) registered un- recognized political parties for concession in the allotment of a common symbol to their JT, $ft|didates being set up at the forthcoming General Election to the Lesislative Assemblies of CG Rai#ffiSttisEafb End Madhya Pradesh. 2018. under the provisions of Para l0B of the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968, have been accepted by the Commission. Accordingly, the Commission has decided to extend the concession sought under Para l0B to candidates of these parties for the forthcoming General Election to Leeislative Ass€,!$blies of Cbhsftisg,arh md N{adhya Fradesh. 2018, in the constituencies mentioned as under: - Sl. Name of the Name sf Election(s) No. of Assembly Common No" Party constituencies Syrnbol allotted,. Rashtri'ya Legislative Assembly In 225 Assembly 'Rakshak of Madhya Pradesh, Constituencies in the State l. Morcha 2018. of Mq$hva Pqades,l+ as Tvrp! per Annexure MP-I.
    [Show full text]
  • Answered On:08.05.2002 Computerised Telephone Exchanges in Madhya Pradesh Jaibhan Singh Pawaiya
    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO:6364 ANSWERED ON:08.05.2002 COMPUTERISED TELEPHONE EXCHANGES IN MADHYA PRADESH JAIBHAN SINGH PAWAIYA Will the Minister of COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state: (a) the number of computerised trunk telephone exchanges operating in Madhya Pradesh; (b) the number of such telephone exchanges proposed to be introduced in the State during the current year; and (c) the details of telephone exchanges expanded in the State during 2001-2002 and proposed to be expanded during 2002-2003? Answer THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SHRI TAPAN SIKDAR) (a) Sir, there is one conputerised trunk telephone exchange at Indore with one Remote Unit at Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh. (b) There is no proposal to introduce such conputerised trunk telephone exchange in the state during current year. (c) The details are given in Annexure I and II. Annexure- I Local Exchanges capacity expanded in M P Circle during 2001-02 Sl SSA Name of Station Capacity Expanded 1 Balaghat Baihar 660 2 Balaghat Balaghat 2000 3 Balaghat Kirnapur 400 4 Balaghat Lalburra 400 5 Balaghat Tirodi 176 6 Betul Amla 488 7 Betul Athner 176 8 Betul Bhainsdehi 424 9 Betul Bhimpur 176 10 Betul Chicholi 152 11 Betul Chopna 184 12 Bhind Bhind 2192 13 Bhind Gohad 128 14 Bhind Lahar 400 15 Bhind Mehgaon 256 16 Bhind Phooph 208 17 Bhopal Barkhedihasan 152 18 Bhopal Berasia 216 19 Bhopal Bhopal 10980 20 Bhopal Doraha 144 21 Bhopal Sehore 360
    [Show full text]
  • The Maratha Empire of Pune and the Peshwas: an Overview
    Science, Technology and Development ISSN : 0950-0707 The Maratha Empire of Pune and the Peshwas: an overview *Dr.Ramya.K.R. Assistant Professor, Department of History, Government First Grade College ( Autonomous ), Gubbi. Abstract This paper attempts to study how Peshwas who were all ministers who served as the chief executives to the king and later held the highest administrative office and also controlled the Maratha empire . Maratha confederacy, alliance formed in the 18th century after Mughal pressure forced the collapse of Shivaji’s kingdom of Maharashtra in western India. After the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb’s death (1707), Maratha power revived under Shivaji’s grandson Shahu. He confided power to the Brahman Bhat family, who became hereditary peshwas (chief ministers). He also decided to expand northward with armies under the peshwas’ control. In Shahu’s later years the power of the peshwas increased. After his death (1749) they became the effective rulers. The leading Maratha families—Sindhia, Holkar, Bhonsle, and Gaekwar— extended their conquests in northern and central India and became more independent and difficult to control. The effective control of the peshwas ended with the great defeat of Panipat (1761) at the hands of the Afghans and the death of the young peshwa Madhav Rao I in 1772. Thereafter the Maratha state was a confederacy of five chiefs under the nominal leadership of the peshwa at Poona (now Pune) in western India. Though they united on occasion, as against the British (1775–82), more often they quarreled. After he was defeated by the Holkar dynasty in 1802, the peshwa Baji Rao II sought protection from the British, whose intervention destroyed the confederacy by 1818.
    [Show full text]
  • Medieval India
    GAUTAM SINGH UPSC STUDY MATERIAL – INDIAN HISTORY 0 7830294949 Medieval India The period from the 8th to 12th century in political life in India is particularly dominated by the presence of large number of states. The bigger ones tried to establish their supremacy in northern India and the Deccan. The main contenders in this struggle for supremacy were the Pratiharas, the Palas and the Rashtrakutas. In the south the most powerful kingdom to emerge during this period was that of the Cholas. The Cholas brought about the political unification of large parts of the country but the general political picture was that of fragmentation particularly in northern India. It was in this period that India's contact with the new religion of Islam began. The contacts began late in the 7th century through the Arab traders. Later in the early 8th century the Arabs conquered Sind. In the 10th century the Turks emerged as a powerful force in Central and West Asia and carved out kingdoms for themselves. They conquered Persia but their lives were richly influenced by Persian culture and tradition. The Turks first invaded India during the late 10th and early 11th century and Punjab came under Turkish rule. Another series of Turkish invasions in the late 12th and early 13th century led to the establishment of the Sultanate of Delhi. Within a few centauries after the rise of Islam in Arabia it became the second most popular religion in India with followers in every part of the country. The establishment of the Sultanate marked the beginning of a new phase in the history of medieval India.
    [Show full text]