THE HERMIT of the CAVERN "The Noise of Approaching Footsteps
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Ancient Egyptian Religion I: General Concepts and the Heliopolitan Gods
Ancient Egyptian Religion I: General Concepts and the Heliopolitan Gods Shawn C. Knight Spring 2009 (This document last revised March 18, 2009) 1 The nature of Egyptian religion (intro) The Egyptian idea of \deity" is a difficult one to pin down. The most frequently used word for deity, ' 4 ntr (or nTr), resembles the English word god in that it can be used as either a common noun, referring to one of numerous divine beings, or as a proper noun, referring to the Supreme Being. Much more problematic than the word used, however, are the details of what the gods do and even who they are. Gods become conflated with one another; most notably, there are (at least) two gods named Horus, designated \Elder" and \Younger", and they share a number of traits, often being confused (deliberately or mistakenly). The gods usurp one another's roles, or delegate their roles to others, with astounding frequency. It is Set's role to protect the sun god from the serpent of chaos|except when Horus has that function. The Supreme Being is Re-Atum, except when he is Amun-Re, except when he is simply Re or simply Atum or . Adding still further to the complication is the local character of Egyptian religion. Every nome had a patron god, and while some of the gods patronized more than one nome, there was plenty of variety. We have already considered this to some degree: we have noted Thebes, for example, as having Amun for a patron, and observed that the military rise of the Thebans in the Middle and New Kingdoms were responsible for the enrichment and empowerment of Amun's cult. -
Temples and Tombs Treasures of Egyptian Art from the British Museum
Temples and Tombs Treasures of Egyptian Art from The British Museum Resource for Educators this is max size of image at 200 dpi; the sil is low res and for the comp only. if approved, needs to be redone carefully American Federation of Arts Temples and Tombs Treasures of Egyptian Art from The British Museum Resource for Educators American Federation of Arts © 2006 American Federation of Arts Temples and Tombs: Treasures of Egyptian Art from the British Museum is organized by the American Federation of Arts and The British Museum. All materials included in this resource may be reproduced for educational American Federation of Arts purposes. 212.988.7700 800.232.0270 The AFA is a nonprofit institution that organizes art exhibitions for presen- www.afaweb.org tation in museums around the world, publishes exhibition catalogues, and interim address: develops education programs. 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1514 New York, NY 10168 after April 1, 2007: 305 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 Please direct questions about this resource to: Suzanne Elder Burke Director of Education American Federation of Arts 212.988.7700 x26 [email protected] Exhibition Itinerary to Date Oklahoma City Museum of Art Oklahoma City, Oklahoma September 7–November 26, 2006 The Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens Jacksonville, Florida December 22, 2006–March 18, 2007 North Carolina Museum of Art Raleigh, North Carolina April 15–July 8, 2007 Albuquerque Museum of Art and History Albuquerque, New Mexico November 16, 2007–February 10, 2008 Fresno Metropolitan Museum of Art, History and Science Fresno, California March 7–June 1, 2008 Design/Production: Susan E. -
CLEAR II Egyptian Mythology and Religion Packet by Jeremy Hixson 1. According to Chapter 112 of the
CLEAR II Egyptian Mythology and Religion Packet by Jeremy Hixson 1. According to Chapter 112 of the Book of the Dead, two of these deities were charged with ending a storm at the city of Pe, and the next chapter assigns the other two of these deities to the city of Nekhen. The Pyramid Texts describe these gods as bearing Osiris's body to the heavens and, in the Middle Kingdom, the names of these deities were placed on the corner pillars of coffins. Maarten Raven has argued that the association of these gods with the intestines developed later from their original function, as gods of the four quarters of the world. Isis was both their mother and grandmother. For 10 points, consisting of Qebehsenuef, Imsety, Duamutef, and Hapi, the protectors of the organs stored in the canopic jars which bear their heads, these are what group of deities, the progeny of a certain falconheaded god? ANSWER: Sons of Horus [or Children of Horus; accept logical equivalents] 2. According to Plutarch, the proSpartan Kimon sent a delegation with a secret mission to this deity, though he died before its completion, prompting the priest to inform his men that Kimon was already with this deity. Pausanias says that Pindar offered a statue of this god carved by Kalamis in Thebes and Pythian IV includes Medea's prediction that "the daughter of Epaphus will one day be planted... amid the foundations" of this god in Libya. Every ten days a cult statue of this god was transported to Medinet Habu in western Thebes, where he had first created the world by fertilizing the world egg. -
KAISER IS KISI 1— I 3Grtg?G\Rgvgcj3l Want of Every Housewife— and There's System Permits You to Buy Bonn— Emperor William Left Feer» Yes- L^Gj^Oujwf^V
PAUI, THE ST. ULOBE, SUNDAY, APRH, 38, 19Ol# After being taken out he was delirious AFTERNOON NEWS CONDENSED. for hours. "Something new"—that's the great ;V^VUR EQUITABLE CREDIT I hi hi LtnUUn iiiLft1LliO KAISER IS KISI 1— I_3grtg?g\rgVgCj3l want of every housewife— and there's System permits you to buy Bonn— Emperor William left feer» yes- l^gj^oUjWf^V . \J I' DISTRESS IN PORTO RICO terday morning. nothln S ln the WOrld that . will brighten for lowest prices, paying a little ! New York—Marshal C. Balm. a con- J*^HSlfil3fiJfSfßfct* up petition i and cheer a room or house as a down weekly ARTHUR STRINGENCY OP MONET CAUSES OF PRESIDED THIS tractor, filed a In bankruptcy balance or monthly f SIR SULLIVAN'S POSTHU- AT INITIATION OF yrith of $175,5?5; no ftZiL-1^ -JV^MISfIT-1^ liabilities assets. new flo covering. Three things • MOUS "THE EMERALD ISLE" COMSrBROIAL MORTALITY. HIS ®OW INTO STUDENTS' • as best suits you. 1 Chicago—A poc*' roomY located over the V. l'il*ll''""l'»IJ —: 27.—A - ™*-. Car- ." \u25a0 " \u25a0 - AT THE SAVOY SAN JUAN, Porto Rico. April CORPS BORUSSIA saloon of two vpell knpwn local politi- .i'rv^ must be consJdertd In selecting —i- troopers —'• —— mounted battalion of native ar- cians, was raided by detectives. Twenty pets or Rugs— the fabric, today by the patterns and the dyes used In the / $lET&L BEDS. i rived here and were reviewed arrested. \u25a0 ir.en were making. • > : _ Lieut. Col. James A. Buchanan, of the Albany, N. -
Some Thoughts on Religious Change at Deir El-Medina
SOME THOUGHTS ON RELIGIOUS CHANGE AT DEIR EL-MEDINA Cathleen Keller University of California, Berkeley It gives me very great pleasure to contribute ticular, have met with some success: Baraize’s to a volume in honor of Richard Fazzini, a excavations in the Ptolemaic temple area;5 the fellow Egyptomania enthusiast and aficionado of clearance of the “oratorio” sacred to Ptah and ancient Thebes. I feel reasonably certain that Meretseger;6 Davies’ investigation of the “high the characters mentioned in this paper, though place,” situated above the path between Deir el- residents of the Western Side, were as familiar as Medina and the Valley of the Kings,7 and the he with the Temple of Mut at Karnak. Italian, German and French excavations of the The title of Keith Hopkins’s recent work on village itself, have yielded up some in situ ma- the religions of the Hellenistic Mediterranean, A terial.8 In addition to general surveys of reli- World Full of Gods,1 aptly describes the religious life gious cult and practice at Deir el-Medina,9 reli- of the workmen of Deir el-Medina as well. From gious studies of the Deir el-Medina “pantheon” the inception of the study of this organization, have frequently focused on individual deities, no- the votive monuments of the sdm.w-#sˇ m s.t-M3#.t tably the deified Amenhotep I10 and Ahmose- ¯ have attracted the attention of scholars.2 The Nefertari11 and Meretseger.12 Others, however, re- sheer quantity of the monuments, as well as the main understudied, including Hathor, the dedica- variety of the deities depicted3 (a list that includes tee of Deir el-Medina’s major sanctuary, and her divinities of both indigenous and foreign origin), interaction with her local sister-divinities, such as has led to their being used to illustrate general Meretseger and Henutimentet. -
Egyptian Religion a Handbook
A HANDBOOK OF EGYPTIAN RELIGION A HANDBOOK OF EGYPTIAN RELIGION BY ADOLF ERMAN WITH 130 ILLUSTRATIONS Published in tile original German edition as r handbook, by the Ge:r*rm/?'~?~~ltunf of the Berlin Imperial Morcums TRANSLATED BY A. S. GRIFFITH LONDON ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE & CO. LTD. '907 Itic~mnoCLAY B 80~8,L~~II'ED BRIIO 6Tllll&I "ILL, E.C., AY" DUN,I*Y, RUFIOLP. ; ,, . ,ill . I., . 1 / / ., l I. - ' PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION THEvolume here translated appeared originally in 1904 as one of the excellent series of handbooks which, in addition to descriptive catalogues, are ~rovidedby the Berlin Museums for the guida,nce of visitors to their great collections. The haud- book of the Egyptian Religion seemed cspecially worthy of a wide circulation. It is a survey by the founder of the modern school of Egyptology in Germany, of perhaps tile most interest- ing of all the departments of this subject. The Egyptian religion appeals to some because of its endless variety of form, and the many phases of superstition and belief that it represents ; to others because of its early recognition of a high moral principle, its elaborate conceptions of a life aftcr death, and its connection with the development of Christianity; to others again no doubt because it explains pretty things dear to the collector of antiquities, and familiar objects in museums. Professor Erman is the first to present the Egyptian religion in historical perspective; and it is surely a merit in his worlc that out of his profound knowledge of the Egyptian texts, he permits them to tell their own tale almost in their own words, either by extracts or by summaries. -
The Secret Name of Ra
Thesecret name of Ra Ra, the SoleCreator was visible to the peopleof Eglat asthe discol the sun,but they knew him in manyother {orms. He could appearas a crownedman. a falconor'a man with a falcon'shead and, as the scarabbeetle pushes a round ball of dungin front of it, the Egyptians picturedRa asa scarabpushing the sun acrossthe sky. In caverns deepbelow the earthwere hidden another seventy-five forms ofRa; mysteriousbeings with mummiEedbodies and heads consisting of birds or snakes,feathers or flowers,The namesof Rawere as numerousas his forms; he wasthe ShiningOne, The Hidden One, The Renewerof the Earth,The lfind in the Souls,The ExaltedOne, but therewas one name ofthe SunGod which hadnot beenspoken sincetime began.To know this secretname ofRa wasto havepower overhim andover the world that he hadcreated. Isislonged for suchapower. Shehad dreamed that oneday she *.ould havea marvellousfalcon-headed son called Horus andshe wantedthe throne of Ra to giveto her child. Isis wasthe Mistressof Magic,wiser than millionsofmen, but sheLrrew that nothingin creationwas powerful enoughto harmits creator.Her only chance vr'as!o turn thepower of Ra againsthimself and atlast Isisthought of a crlel andcunning plan. Everyday the SunGod walkedthrough his kingdom, attendedby a crowd ofspirits andlesser deities, but Rawas growingold. His eyeswere dim, his stepno longerfirm andhe had evenbegun to drivel. One morning Isismingled with a group of minor goddessesand followedbehind the King of the Gods.She watched the faceofRa until shesaw his salivadrip onto a clod o{ eanh.\0hen shewas sure that no-onewas taking any noticeo{ her, shescooped up the earth andcarried it awav.Isis mixed the earthwith the salivaofRa to form clay andmodelled a wickedJookingserpent. -
Ideals of Leadership — Masterpieces from the Aga Khan Museum
Ideals of Leadership Masterpieces from the Aga Khan Museum Collections ceremonials. ceremonials. The Aga Khan Museum, AKM72 Museum, Khan Aga The complexes, often key sites for court court for sites key often complexes, the establishment of royal garden garden royal of establishment the Opaque watercolour, gold, and ink on paper on ink and gold, watercolour, Opaque yet another aspect of royal patronage: patronage: royal of aspect another yet Qazvin, Iran, 1576-77 Iran, Qazvin, his architectural commissions. architectural his The Aga Khan Museum, AKM703 Museum, Khan Aga The scene depicted here in turn alludes to to alludes turn in here depicted scene seeks to promote dialogue, tolerance and mutual understanding among people. people. among understanding mutual and tolerance dialogue, promote to seeks panel was probably meant for one of one for meant probably was panel Attributed to Sadiqi Beg Beg Sadiqi to Attributed miniature painter in his own right. The The right. own his in painter miniature heritage. Through education, research, and collaboration, the Aga Khan Museum Museum Khan Aga the collaboration, and research, education, Through heritage. exquisite decoration, this star-shaped star-shaped this decoration, exquisite Ivory, wood, and metal in a wooden frame wooden a in metal and wood, Ivory, (Book of Kings) of Shah Isma’il Isma’il Shah of Kings) of (Book library and also an accomplished accomplished an also and library size, the materials used and the the and used materials the size, Egypt, 1470s Egypt, Shahnameh Shahnameh dispersed a from Folio Beg, the future director of the royal royal the of director future the Beg, appreciation of the contribution that Muslim civilisations have made to world world to made have civilisations Muslim that contribution the of appreciation Sultan Qaitbay (r. -
Religion and Politics in Ancient Egypt
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES ISSN Print: 2156-1540, ISSN Online: 2151-1559, doi:10.5251/ajsms.2012.3.3.93.98 © 2012, ScienceHuβ, http://www.scihub.org/AJSMS Religion and politics in ancient Egypt Etim E. Okon Ph.D. Department of Religious and Cultural Studies, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria. ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to examine the pervasive influence of religion on politics in a monarchical ancient African kingdom. After a critical reflection on the mythology and cultus of the Sun-God, the apotheosis of the Pharaoh and the cult of the dead in ancient Egyptian society, it was found that religion was indispensable in ancient Egypt. Religion and politics in ancient Egyptian society were inseparable. Ancient Egyptians were incurably religious. Social and political life was a religious phenomenon. The king of Egypt, Pharaoh was not only despotic, but comprehensively authoritarian. Ancient Egyptian society was a monarchy. The idea of democracy was unknown in ancient Egypt. Key words: Religion and Politics in Ancient Egypt; Egypt and the Sun-God; Egyptian Mythology; INTRODUCTION differences. It is also evident that even though the god – Ra, was known by seventy-five different Religion was the dominant social force in ancient names, very few of the hundreds of deities were Egypt. Religious influence was pervasive affecting worshiped nationally. The most influential pantheon almost everything. Egyptian religion developed from was made up of the trinity – Osiris, Isis (his wife), and simple polytheism to philosophic monotheism, with Horus (his son). Egyptians also worshiped the every community having a guardian deity which “cosmic” gods under the leadership of Ra, the sun- personified the powers of nature. -
Egypt's Hieroglyphs Contain a Cultural Memory of Creation and Noah's Flood
The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism Volume 7 Article 36 2013 Egypt's Hieroglyphs Contain a Cultural Memory of Creation and Noah's Flood Gavin M. Cox Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings DigitalCommons@Cedarville provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journals do not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of DigitalCommons@Cedarville, the Centennial Library, or Cedarville University and its employees. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their work. Please address questions to [email protected]. Browse the contents of this volume of The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism. Recommended Citation Cox, Gavin M. (2013) "Egypt's Hieroglyphs Contain a Cultural Memory of Creation and Noah's Flood," The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 7 , Article 36. Available at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings/vol7/iss1/36 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Creationism. Pittsburgh, PA: Creation Science Fellowship EGYPT'S HIEROGLYPHS CONTAIN CULTURAL MEMORIES OF CREATION AND NOAH'S FLOOD Gavin M. Cox, BA Hons (Theology, LBC). 26 The Firs Park, Bakers Hill, Exeter, Devon, UK, EX2 9TD. KEYWORDS: Flood, onomatology, eponym, Hermopolitan Ogdoad, Edfu, Heliopolis, Memphis, Hermopolis, Ennead, determinative, ideograph, hieroglyphic, Documentary Hypothesis (DH). ABSTRACT A survey of standard Egyptian Encyclopedias and earliest mythology demonstrates Egyptian knowledge of Creation and the Flood consistent with the Genesis account. -
Foreign Deities in Egypt
UCLA UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology Title Foreign Deities in Egypt Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7tr1814c Journal UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 1(1) Author Zivie-Coche, Christiane Publication Date 2011-04-05 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California FOREIGN DEITIES IN EGYPT المعبودات اﻻجنبية في مصر Christiane Zivie-Coche EDITORS WILLEKE WENDRICH Editor-in-Chief University of California, Los Angeles JACCO DIELEMAN Editor Area Editor Religion University of California, Los Angeles ELIZABETH FROOD Editor University of Oxford JOHN BAINES Senior Editorial Consultant University of Oxford Short Citation: Zivie-Coche, 2011, Foreign Deities in Egypt. UEE. Full Citation: Zivie-Coche, Christiane, 2011, Foreign Deities in Egypt. In Jacco Dieleman, Willeke Wendrich (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0027fcpg 1011 Version 1, April 2011 http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0027fcpg FOREIGN DEITIES IN EGYPT المعبودات اﻻجنبية في مصر Christiane Zivie-Coche Ausländische Götter in Ägypten Dieux étrangers en Égypte The presence of foreign deities in the Egyptian pantheon must be studied in the light of the openness of Egyptian polytheism and as a reflection on cultural identity. Even if Egyptian self- identity was defined as intrinsically opposed to the Other, i.e. the foreigner, Egypt always maintained contact with its neighbors, particularly Nubia and the Near East. These intercultural contacts had an effect on the religion. Since the earliest times, deities like Dedoun, Ha, or Sopdu formed an integral part of the Egyptian pantheon, so much so that their likely foreign origin is not immediately perceptible. -
A Case Study for the Application of an Operational Two-Dimensional Real-Time Flooding Forecasting System and Smart Water Level Gauges on Roads in Tainan City, Taiwan
water Case Report A Case Study for the Application of an Operational Two-Dimensional Real-Time Flooding Forecasting System and Smart Water Level Gauges on Roads in Tainan City, Taiwan Che-Hao Chang 1, Ming-Ko Chung 1, Song-Yue Yang 2,* ID , Chih-Tsung Hsu 3 and Shiang-Jen Wu 3 1 Department of Civil Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; [email protected] (C.-H.C.); [email protected] (M.-K.C.) 2 Water Resources Planning Institute, Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taichung 41350, Taiwan 3 National Center for High-Performance Computing, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan; [email protected] (C.-T.H.); [email protected] (S.-J.W.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-4-2330-1466 Received: 28 January 2018; Accepted: 25 April 2018; Published: 28 April 2018 Abstract: An operational two-dimensional real-time flood forecasting system has been developed to prevent urban inundation in Taiwan, and it uses the Delft-FEWS (Flood Early Warning System) platform to integrate the SOBEK models to forecast flooding. A new generation of smart water level gauges, integrating power charging, recording, transmission, and sensing into one, can monitor the inundation on roads in real-time. This study took Annan District in Tainan City, Taiwan, as the study object and presented the application of the flood forecasting system and smart water level gauges in the urban environment. The collected data from Storm 0611 and Typhoon Megi in 2016 were used to assess the accuracy of the flood forecasting system. The analysis of three water level stations in the drainage showed that the one-dimensional simulation results were fairly accurate.