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FEMINIST GENDER WARS: the Reception of the Concept of Gender in Brazil (1980S -1990S) and the Global Dynamics of Production and Circulation of Knowledge

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FEMINIST GENDER WARS: the Reception of the Concept of Gender in Brazil (1980S -1990S) and the Global Dynamics of Production and Circulation of Knowledge UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS FACULDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO MARÍLIA BÁRBARA FERNANDES GARCIA MOSCHKOVICH FEMINIST GENDER WARS: The reception of the concept of gender in Brazil (1980s -1990s) and the global dynamics of production and circulation of knowledge FEMINIST GENDER WARS: A recepção do conceito de gênero no Brasil (1980 -1999) e as dinâmicas globais de produção e circulação de conhecimento CAMPINAS 2018 MARÍLIA BÁRBARA FERNANDES GARCIA MOSCHKOVICH FEMINIST GENDER WARS: The reception of the concept of gender in Brazil (1980s -1990s) and the global dynamics of production and circulation of knowledge “FEMINIST GENDER WARS: A recepção do conceito de gênero no Brasil (1980 -1999) e as dinâmicas globais de produção e circulação de conhecimento” Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Estadual de Campinas para obtenção do título de Doutora em Educação, na área de concentração Educação. PhD thesis presented at the Graduate program of Education at the Education College at State University of Campinas (Universidade Estadual de Campinas) regarding the candidate’s pursue of the title of PhD in Education, in the field of Education. Supervisor/Orientador: Ana Maria Fonseca de Almeida O ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA TESE DEFENDIDA PELA ALUNA MARÍLIA BÁRBARA FERNANDES GARCIA MOSCHKOVICH, E ORIENTADA PELA PROFª DRA. ANA MARIA FONSECA DE ALMEIDA CAMPINAS 2018 Agência(s) de fomento e nº(s) de processo(s): CAPES ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6684-007 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca da Faculdade de Educação Rosemary Passos - CRB 8/5751 Moschkovich, Marília Bárbara Fernandes Garcia, 1986- M851f MosFeminist gender wars : the reception of the concept of gender in Brazil (1980s-1990s) and the global dynamics of production and circulation of knowledge / Marília Bárbara Fernandes Garcia Moschkovich. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2018. MosOrientador: Ana Maria Fonseca de Almeida. MosTese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação. Mos1. Gênero. 2. Sociologia do Conhecimento. 3. Produção do Conhecimento. 4. Feminismo. 5. Ciências Sociais. 6. Humanidades. I. Almeida, Ana Maria Fonseca de, 1963-. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: "Feminist gender wars" : a recepção do conceito de gênero no Brasil (1980-1990) e as dinâmicas globais de produção e circulação do conhecimento Palavras-chave em inglês: Gender Sociology of Knowledge Production of Knowledge Feminism Social Sciences Humanities Área de concentração: Educação Titulação: Doutora em Educação Banca examinadora: Ana Maria Fonseca de Almeida [Orientador] Ioana Cirstocea Heloísa Buarque de Almeida Helena Altmann Maurício Ernica Data de defesa: 22-06-2018 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Educação Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS FACULDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO TESE DE DOUTORADO FEMINIST GENDER WARS: The reception of the concept of gender in Brazil (1980s -1990s) and the global dynamics of production and circulation of knowledge FEMINIST GENDER WARS: A recepção do conceito de gênero no Brasil (1980 -1999) e as dinâmicas globais de produção e circulação de conhecimento Autor : Marília Bárbara Fernandes Garcia Moschkovich COMISSÃO JULGADORA: Ana Maria Fonseca de Almeida Ioana Cirstocea Heloísa Buarque de Almeida Helena Altmann Maurício Ernica A Ata da Defesa assinada pelos membros da Comissão Examinadora, consta no processo de vida acadêmica do aluno. 2018 This work is dedicated… …to Liane Gutmanis de Lira, my lost love, and her memory still burning in my heart; …to Ana Maria, who has been my supervisor since 2007 and has made me the researcher I am now; …to the brave Brazilian students of social sciences and humanities in the beginning of their journeys now, and who are interested in gender studies. A word that comes from heart: courage; Tamo junta1; …to the feminist researchers of social sciences and humanities who, sometimes still as students, have made gender studies happen in Brazil; and who are now fighting against its extinction and thus, ultimately, also fighting for those of us who are and who have been their students; Thank you; …to Elizabeth Souza-Lobo and Maria Luiza Heilborn, who have both, in the 1980s, planted theoretical and political seeds to a new feminism, to a synthesis between academic and political fields; their work was so forward-thinking that many of such seeds are still invisible to us in 2017 – but I profoundly hope this work will do justice to their legacy and help making those seeds finally sprout; …to our heritage, to our future. To resistance. 1 Popular Brazilian slang to show solidarity; it translates as “We are together”. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS HOW I BECAME AN AUTHOR AND RESEARCHER PhD thesis section of acknowledgements should never be ignored. It’s during the long hard process of preparing a thesis that we become researchers and authors, as A sociologists, anthropologists, philosophers. Everything before that is training and acquiring preliminary tools. In the three, four or five years it takes us to prepare and defend a thesis, life doesn’t stop and, in our society, nowadays, this period usually coincides with when we are establishing a supposedly steady adult life – the end of our twenties, beginning of our thirties. This coincidence has called my attention since my master’s research2, when I wondered if this would be part of what seemed to make academic careers more difficult to women (considering that a supposedly steady adult life, for us, normally involves a greater load of domestic chores, children, etc). This is the reason why parts of this thesis are written in a literary style, bringing my personal and social experience, as an author, closer to the product of my research – precisely what I intend to do in this work. My supervisor Ana Maria told me, once, when I was having trouble to choose a topic of research for my PhD research project: You are feeling lost because you have the impression that you can choose from anything. This isn’t true – there is a particular research topic, an object and an approach that can only or can best be designed, proposed, studied and developed by you. You have to look into your dispositions, experiences, interests, and the knowledge you already have to find out what it is. In this sense, it could be said that this research chose me and not the other way around. I soon realized I couldn’t keep avoiding any longer the moment when I would have to academically face the most difficult conflict of my life, that has since I was a child influenced in my decisions and in my personality: the conflict between politics and academia. I knew my work could be benefited by the fact that I have been a militant since age 12 (1999) and that I had been involved in feminism since then – when I first wrote a poem I called “feminist”, took 2 See Moschkovich (2013) and Moschkovich (2017) to read more on the MA results. it to school and got very angry when one of the teachers said it was “a feminine, not a feminist” poem – having been raised by a feminist mother and father in a family of militants where mostly everyone is quite passionate about politics. I also knew this would be one of my biggest challenges, and indeed it was. Or has been. This is how I started to work with the reception of the concept of gender between academic and political fields, went from there to focus on academic feminists only when I realized that what happened among those researchers was crucial to the prominent place of such concept in society (well, at least in 2014, when I started the thesis, this is how it was…), created a comparative perspective between Brazil, Argentina and Mexico and ended up deciding to concentrate in Brazil. As I intend to show in the thesis itself, though, the Brazilian case contributes to a broader perspective on how knowledge is produced and circulates globally, and how the academic and the political field, as well as the relationships between them, play a central role in such dynamics. Despite some forcedly very lonely moments in grieving and in writing as they must be, I was accompanied in this journey all the time, by people who gave me strength, inspiration and laugh, and who have took care of me and reminded me of taking care of myself, too. MY ADVISOR, ANA MARIA ALMEIDA I start by saying, then, that this thesis wouldn’t have been possible – or I, myself, wouldn’t have been possible – without the professor that has made me who I am as a researcher. I first met Ana Maria almost 11 years ago. I was a social sciences undergrad student who had been a teacher since the age of 16, and who worked in an international school as a teacher assistant during the day to then attend to classes in the evenings. I was having trouble finding a professor in the social sciences departments who would be interested in discussing inequalities in Brazilian schools and who would accept me as a junior research student. One day, a work colleague mentioned (and I am not sure if, to this day, she has any idea of the importance she will always have in my life; Patricia, thank you!) that the mom of one of her preschool students, was a sociologist of education. She spoke to Ana and gave me her phone number. I called her, from a home phone (mobile barely sent SMS at that time; or they did but typing was very exhaustive), and she asked me to send her the first draft of my research project. I did, and then we had a very long telephone conversation about it, in which I could only think: “I want my brain to be like this woman’s brain; I want to be able to analyze things like she does; I want to be as wise and intelligent as she is”.
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