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Spaw Protected Areas of the Wider Caribbean: a Comprehensive Booklet

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Spaw Protected Areas of the Wider Caribbean: a Comprehensive Booklet UNITED NATIONS EP Distr. LIMITED UNEP(DEPI)/CAR WG.42/INF.18 1 March 2021 Original: ENGLISH Ninth Meeting of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee (STAC) to the Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW) in the Wider Caribbean Region Virtual meeting, 17–19 March 2021 SPAW PROTECTED AREAS OF THE WIDER CARIBBEAN: A COMPREHENSIVE BOOKLET For reasons of public health and safety associated with COVD-19, this meeting is being convened virtually. Delegates are kindly requested to access all meeting documents electronically for download as necessary. *This document has been reproduced without formal editing. SPAW Protected Areas of the Wider Caribbean From L to R, Top to Bottom: 1 Caribbean Reef Shark in Man of War Shoal Marine Protected Area: Credits- Melanie Meijer zu Schlochtern; 2 Different Dolphin species in Saba Bank National Park: Credits- Ayumi Kuramae; 3 Fan Coral in Dry Tortugas National Park; 4 Yellow Tube Sponge in Parque Nacional Submarino La Caleta: Credits- Adolfo Lopez; 5 Goliath Grouper in Dry Tortugas National Park UNEP CEP Publication Data SPAW Protected Areas of the Wider Caribbean: A Comprehensive Booklet. Kingston, Jamaica: UNEP, 2020 66 p. UNEP CEP authorises the reproduction of this material, whole or in part, provided appropriate acknowledgement is given. Cover photo collage © various people (due credits provided with each photo of the collage Other photos: Due credits given to all photos, wherever known. An initiative of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States funded by the European Union. This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union and the United Nations Environment Programme. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union or the United Nations Environment Programme. This publication provides a detailed listing of all the Protected Areas under the SPAW Protocol including necessary details about Purpose of Listing of the Park, Key Species found there, the Management Strategy of the Park etc. It also includes a background about the SPAW Protocol and its Protected Areas, along with an in-depth analysis of the key species found in the Wider Caribbean Region for the purpose of forming Ecological Networks. The publication has been designed to be revised over time based on new or updated information gathered from the individual Protected Areas. For questions and queries about a specific Protected Area, it is advised to consult with their respective manager/curator. SPAW Protected Areas of the Wider Caribbean Page 3 Hawsbill Turtle on Fish Bowl, Man of War Shoal Marine Protected Area, credits- Leslie Hickerson SPAW Protected Areas of the Wider Caribbean Page 4 SPAW Protected Areas of the Wider Caribbean Page 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements……………………………………………………. 6 List of Abbreviations…………………………………………………… 7 List of Figures, Tables and Boxes……………………………………. 9 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………... 11 2. About: SPAW Protocol……………………………...……………… 13 3. Why are MPAs listed under the SPAW Protocol?....................... 14 4. How are they selected?............................................................... 15 5. List of SPAW MPAs…………………………………….................. 16 6. Species under the Lens: Forming Ecological Networks.............. 18 7. Statistics and Analysis………………………………….................. 20 8. Country wise SPAW-listed MPAs…………………………………. 24 I Belize………………………..……………………….……… 24 II Colombia……………………………..……………………. 27 III Cuba…………………...…………………………………… 30 IV Dominican Republic…………….………………………. 33 V French West Indies……………………………................ 37 VI Dutch Caribbean……...…………….……….................. 48 VII St Vincent and the Grenadines……………………….. 56 VIII USA……………………………………………………….. 58 IX Grenada……………………………………………………. 63 9. References…………………………………………………………... 64 Annex I………………………………………………………………….. 65 SPAW Protected Areas of the Wider Caribbean Page 6 Acknowledgements This publication has been developed following an extensive analysis of the various Protected Areas Report submissions for proposed areas for inclusion in the SPAW list. These were extracted from database of protected areas listed under the SPAW Protocol managed by SPAW-RAC. The open source Information provided is great acknowledged. A special thank you is expressed to government personnel and Protected Area managers who assisted with testing and validating sections of the document. Lastly, but most importantly, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Ms Ileana Lopez who has been the constant pillar of support, motivation and harbinger of new ideas throughout the process. SPAW Protected Areas of the Wider Caribbean Page 7 List of Acronyms ACCSD Ambergris Caye Citizens for Sustainable Development ACP-MEA III African Caribbean Pacific countries Multi-Lateral Agreements Phase III AOT Autorisations d'occupation Temporaires APPB Prefectural Biotope Protection Order CaMPAM Caribbean Marine Protected Area Management Network and Forum CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CESC Conseil Économique Social et Culturel CGSM Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta CITES The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CLCGSM Complejo Lagunar Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta CR ‘Critically Endangered’ category under the IUCN Red List DCNA Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance DTNP Dry Tortugas National Park EEZ Economic Exclusive Zone EIA Environment Impact Assessment EL&I Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation EN ‘Endangered’ category under the IUCN Red List FDL Forêt Domaniale du Littoral FKNMS Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary GMP General Management Plan GMPa General Management Plan Amendment IMO International Meteorological Organisation IMP Integrated Management Plan IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature MINA Central Government Department of Nature and the Environment MPA Marine Protected Area NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NMS National Marine Sanctuary NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NW North West ONF Office National des Forêts OPSC Old Providence and Santa Catalina PHMR Port Honduras Marine Reserve PNJ Jaragua National Park PNLH Los Haitises National Park PNSdB Sierra de Bahoruco National Park PSSA Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas RAMSAR The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance RNA Research Natural Area RNN Reserve Naturelle Nationale RNN-A Reserve Naturelle Nationale de L’Amana RNN-KR Reserve Naturelle Nationale de Kaw-Roura RNNSM Reserve Naturelle Nationale of Saint Martin ROV Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle RUNAP Parues Nacionales Naturales de Colombia SPAW Protected Areas of the Wider Caribbean Page 8 SAI Largest island and centre of government, San Andres SBMP Saba Bank Marine Park SCF Saba Conservation Foundation SCUBA Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus SEMARENA PNSdB Management Plan SENPA National Service of Environmental Protection SFF CGSM Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta Flora and Fauna Sanctuary SINAP Sistema Nacional de Areas Protegidas SNSM Sierra Nevada Mountain System of Santa Marta SPAW Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife SPAW RAC Regional Activity Centre of the Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW) Protocol STINAPA Bonaire National Parks Bonaire Foundation TCMP Tobago Cays Marine Park TIDE Toledo Institute for Development and Environment UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization USA United States of America USD United States Dollars VU ‘Vulnerable’ category under the IUCN Red List WCR Wider Caribbean Region WDPA World Database on Protected Areas WWTP Waste Water Treatment Plan ZDUC Community Right of Use Zone ZNIEFF Natural Areas of Ecological Interest Fauna and Flora SPAW Protected Areas of the Wider Caribbean Page 9 List of Figures, Tables and Boxes FIGURES: Figure 1: Map showing National waters (dark blue) under the jurisdiction of Contracting parties to the SPAW Protocol Figure 2: Wider Caribbean Region map showing the location of SPAW listed MPAs with red markers Figure 3: Pie chart displaying distribution of MPAs by country (SPAW contracting party) Figure 4: Bar chart showing distribution of MPAs by their size in square kilometres Figure 5: Column chart showing distribution of MPAs by their IUCN Status designation Figure 6: Bar chart showing distribution of MPAs by their International Status Figure 7: Column chart displaying distribution of MPAs by key important species. The arrow also points towards the potential of MPAs to form MPA networks on the basis of the number of species present on the site Figure 8: Bar chart showing the frequency of species occurrence among the SPAW MPAs Figure 9: Treemap showing the frequency of species occurrence among the SPAW MPAs, complementing the bar chart TABLES: Table 1: List of contracting parties to the SPAW Protocol Table 2: List of SPAW listed MPAs along with their extension areas and IUCN categories Table 2: Non-exhaustive list of key important species for WCR BOXES: Box 1- What is a Protected Area? Box 2- Aichi Target 11 SPAW Protected Areas of the Wider Caribbean Page 10 Park biologist surveying Staghorn Coral, Dry Tortugas National Park, USA SPAW Protected Areas of the Wider Caribbean Page 11 1. Introduction In anticipation of the implementation of the project: “Enforcing Since the adoption of the SPAW Protocol in January 1990 and Environmental Treaties in African, Caribbean and Pacific its inception from June 2000, 17 countries (Table 1) have (ACP) Countries-
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