The Implementation of the APRM in Uganda a Critical Evaluation
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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE APRM IN UGANDA A CRITICAL EVALUATION Samuel Bamulanzeki Tindifa and Babuuzibwa Mukasa Luutu April 2011 APRM Uganda ENG Final.indd 1 4/15/2011 9:06:49 AM THE IMPLEMENTAtiON OF THE APRM IN UGANDA AfriMAP, the Africa Governance The Open Society Initiative for Eastern Monitoring and Advocacy Project, Africa (OSIEA) supports and promotes is an initiative of the Open Society public participation in democratic Foundations and works with national governance, the rule of law, and OSIEA civil society organisations to conduct respect for human rights by awarding systematic audits of government grants, developing programmes, performance in three areas: justice sector and the rule of law; and bringing together diverse civil society leaders and political participation and democracy; and effective delivery groups. OSIEA seeks to promote open society and to of public services. It also conducts reviews of the APRM consolidate democratic principles and practices through processes, as well as assessments of electoral management increased public participation and the creation of a strong bodies, and public broadcasting in Africa. institutionalised rights framework. OSIEA plays an active role The Open Society Foundations, work to build vibrant and in encouraging open and informed dialogue about issues of tolerant democracies whose governments are accountable to public importance in eastern Africa. their citizens. To achieve this mission, the Foundations seek to shape public policies that assure greater fairness in political, legal, and economic systems and safeguard fundamental rights. At national level, the Open Society Foundations implement a range of initiatives to advance justice, education, public health, and independent media; whilst at the same time, building alliances across borders and continents on issues such as corruption and freedom of information. Samuel Bamulanzeki Tindifa, LLB, (University of Dar es Salaam), LLM (University of Lund), and post graduate diploma in Legal Practice (Law Development Centre), is a senior lecturer at the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, 2004, where he has been teaching law since 1989, and acting secretary, Marcus Garvey Pan Afrikan University in Mbale. He was a director of Human Rights and Peace Centre in the Faculty of Law at Makerere from 1999-2004. Babuuzibwa Mukasa Luutu is a trans-disciplinary senior researcher and acting vice chancellor, Marcus Garvey Pan African University in Mbale Uganda. His research interests straddle finance, infrastructure development, governance, indigenous knowledge systems, restorative justice and language development. Copyright © 2011 Open Society Initiative for Eastern Africa ISBN 978-1-920489-15-1 Designed and produced by COMPRESS.dsl www.compressdsl.com For further information, contact: AfriMAP, President Place, 1 Hood Avenue/148 Jan Smuts Ave, Rosebank, South Africa [email protected] www.afrimap.org APRM Uganda ENG Final.indd 2 4/15/2011 9:06:50 AM Contents ACRONYMS v PREFACE vii SUMMARY viii Chronology of the APRM process in Uganda viii Strengths of the APRM process in Uganda ix Weaknesses of the APRM process in Uganda x Recommendations xi THE NEW PARTNERSHIP FOR AFRICA’s DeVELOPMENT AND THE APRM 1 POLITICAL CONTEXT IN UGANDA 4 NATIONAL APRM STRUCTURES IN UGANDA 6 National focal point 6 National apRM commission 7 Aprm secretariat 8 Technical partner institutions (tpiS) 8 FINANCING THE APRM PROCESS 11 Contribution to the continental secretariat 11 Funding the Ugandan self-assessment 11 THE APRM COUNTRY SUppORT MISSION VISITS 13 February 2005: Memorandum of understanding signed 13 September 2005: Insistence on independence of the process 13 PREPARING THE COUNTRY SELF-ASSESSMENT REPORT 15 Publicising the APRM process 15 Role of parliament 16 Adaptation of the questionnaire 17 Research and fieldwork for theC SAR 18 Drafting the country self-assessment report 21 APRM Uganda ENG Final.indd 3 4/15/2011 9:06:50 AM Validation of the csar 21 Submitting the CSAR to the APRM Panel and to government 22 Drafting the national plan of action 23 PEER REVIEW OF UGANDA 24 Country review mission, February 2008 24 Presentation of the country review report to the Ugandan government 25 Review of the CRR and revised NPoA by the APR Forum 25 Official launch of the country review report and NPoA in Uganda 25 MONITORING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NPoA 26 The apRM National Governing Council 26 Civil society engagement 26 COMPARISON OF THE CSAR AND COUNTRY REVIEW REPORT 28 Democracy and political governance 28 Economic governance and management 29 Corporate governance 30 Socio-economic development 31 The government response to the CRR 32 A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE APRM IN UGANDA 34 Appointment, independence and accountability of the APRM commission 34 Methodological issues in the preparation and validation of the CSAR 35 Civil society participation in the process 36 Lack of participation of traditional governance institutions 36 Critical issues not touched upon in the reports 37 Confusion over the APRM’s interaction with national planning processes 37 Media outreach and public awareness 37 Conclusion 38 APRM Uganda ENG Final.indd 4 4/15/2011 9:06:50 AM Acronyms ACPHR African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights AEC African Economic Community AfDB African Development Bank AGOA African Growth Opportunity Act APRM African Peer Review Mechanism AU African Union BoU Bank of Uganda CAR Central African Republic CAO chief administrative officer CBO community-based organisation COMESA Common Market for East and Southern Africa CRM country review mission CRR country review report CSAR country self-assessment report CSO civil society organisation DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DENIVA Development Network of Indigenous Voluntary Associations DFID UK Department for International Development DP Democratic Party DRC Democratic Republic of Congo EAC East African Community EALA East African Legislative Assembly EC Electoral Commission ECOWAS Economic Community for West African States EPRC Economic Policy Research Centre EPDRU Economic Policy Development and Research Unit of MoFPED EU European Union FBOs faith-based organisations FDC Forum for Democratic Change v APRM Uganda ENG Final.indd 5 4/15/2011 9:06:50 AM FGD focus group discussion FYP Five Year Development Plan GoU Government of Uganda GDP gross domestic product ICC International Criminal Court IDPs internally displaced persons ILO International Labour Organisation IMF International Monetary Fund LC local council MATSACCO Masindi Town Council Savings and Credit Cooperative Organisation MISR Makerere Institute for Social Research MoFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs MoFPED Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development MoU memorandum of understanding MP member of parliament NAADS National Agricultural Advisory Services NEMA National Environment Management Authority NPA National Planning Authority NDP National Development Plan NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development NGO non-governmental organisation NOTU National Organisation of Trade Unions NPA National Planning Authority NPoA national programme of action NRA/M National Resistance Army/Movement PEAP Poverty Eradication Action Plan NRM National Resistance Movement PMA Plan for the Modernisation of Agriculture PPDA Public Procurement and Disposal of Assets RDC resident district commissioner TPI technical partner institution UBOS Uganda Bureau of Statistics UGMP Uganda Governance Monitoring Platform UHRC Uganda Human Rights Commission UIA Uganda Investment Authority UNBS Uganda National Bureau of Standards UNDP UN Development Programme UNECA UN Economic Commission for Africa UPE universal primary education UPDF Uganda People’s Defence Force WHO World Health Organisation vi APRM Uganda ENG Final.indd 6 4/15/2011 9:06:50 AM Preface This study was commissioned by the Open Society Institute impressionistic. Most people interviewed had either not seen of Eastern Africa (OSIEA) and the Africa Governance or read the report or some just had scanty memories of the Monitoring and Advocacy Project (AfriMAP) to carry out an process and the report. assessment and evaluation of the APRM process in Uganda and its outputs. The objectives of the study are to: • Describe the institutional arrangement governing the APRM process in Uganda and chronology of the process up to the adoption of the country review report. • Analyse the principal strengths and weaknesses of the in-country process. • Analysis of the contents of the report, plan of action and the follow-up. • Analyse the impact of the process on the promotion of national dialogue on issues identified in the report. • Make recommendations arising from the study for the country and other countries undertaking the process The survey followed a methodology that included interviews with government officials responsible for the APRM process; coordinating structures; civil society organisations involved in the process; review of existing official documents and other analysis of the process; media reports; and, a review of the country self-assessment and country review reports. We interviewed government as well as civil society actors, APRM officials and some experts involved in the process. It proved difficult to interview all those we had listed were simply not available or were unwilling to be interviewed without the release of the country review report first. Secondly, there is no published analysis of the report by non-governmental organisations. Thirdly, media coverage was scanty and vii APRM Uganda ENG Final.indd