DOCSLIB.ORG

Bangor University DOCTOR of PHILOSOPHY Using Local Informant Data and Boat-Based Surveys to Improve Knowledge on the Status of T

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bangor University DOCTOR of PHILOSOPHY Using Local Informant Data and Boat-Based Surveys to Improve Knowledge on the Status of T Bangor University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Using local informant data and boat-based surveys to improve knowledge on the status of the Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) Richman, Nadia Award date: 2015 Awarding institution: Bangor University Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 04. Oct. 2021 Using local informant data and boat-based surveys to improve knowledge on the status of the Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) Nadia Irene Richman School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University A dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Bangor University October 2014 Abstract Freshwater cetaceans are one of the most threatened groups of mammals on earth. Limited resources for monitoring and low power to detect trends hinder the development of effective conservation. Using the southern Bangladesh subpopulation of Ganges River dolphins (Platanista gangetica gangetica), previously thought to be a closed population, I investigate cost-effective boat-based methods for monitoring and estimating population size, and the value of local informant data for contributing to knowledge on the status of this poorly-known subpopulation. Detectability must be accounted for during surveys to make inferences on species’ trends. However, many surveys use methods that do not account for detectability, assuming such approaches to be cheaper. I demonstrate that a combined visual-acoustic survey is a robust and cost-effective approach for monitoring. Using data from multiple seasons and marine surveys, I show the population may not be closed. I develop correction factors to account for imperfect detectability during past visual-only surveys and use these to show there is no detectable long-term (1999-2012) change in the abundance of this subpopulation. Local informant data are sometimes considered to have the potential to provide information of value to monitoring population trends. A comparison of the long-term and seasonal trends from boat-based surveys and those reported by fishers showed poor agreement. Memory- related biases are likely to have impacted informant recall. However, local informant data proved useful in identifying causal mechanisms underlying dolphin susceptibility to bycatch in gillnets, in particular river depth and net mesh size. Furthermore, local informant data provided a minimum estimate of annual mortality that is deemed unsustainable, but is based on a number of assumptions and potential biases that are discussed. Combined visual-acoustic surveys and local informant data represent cost-effective tools for addressing some of the significant knowledge gaps on freshwater cetacean status, aiding the development of evidence-based conservation strategies. i Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... 1 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ 5 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 1: Introduction ......................................................................................................... 10 1.1. Knowledge on species status ........................................................................................... 10 1.1.1 Why monitor the status of species? ........................................................................ 10 1.1.2 How to monitor species status? .............................................................................. 11 1.1.3 Data gaps in monitoring effort? ............................................................................... 12 1.1.4 Addressing data gaps in monitoring effort .............................................................. 12 1.2. Knowledge on the status of freshwater cetaceans ........................................................... 13 1.2.1 Introduction to freshwater cetaceans ...................................................................... 13 1.2.2 Status of freshwater cetaceans ............................................................................... 14 1.2.3 Status of the Ganges River dolphin ........................................................................ 14 1.2.4 Conservation of Ganges River dolphins ................................................................. 17 1.2.5 Research needs for river dolphin conservation ...................................................... 17 1.3. Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 2: To see or not to see: investigating detectability of Ganges River dolphins using a combined visual-acoustic survey ........................................................................................ 20 2.1. Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 20 2.2. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 21 2.3. Methods ............................................................................................................................ 25 2.3.1 Study site ................................................................................................................ 25 2.3.2 Pilot surveys ............................................................................................................ 27 2.3.3 Visual and acoustic survey ..................................................................................... 27 2.3.4 Calculating detectability .......................................................................................... 30 2.3.5 Matching acoustic and visual detections ................................................................ 31 2.3.6 Power to detect population trends .......................................................................... 34 2.3.7 Investigating factors affecting visual detection of river dolphins ............................. 35 2.3.8 Cost analysis ........................................................................................................... 35 2.4. Results .............................................................................................................................. 36 2.4.1 Visual and acoustic detections................................................................................ 36 2.4.2 Matching detections ................................................................................................ 36 2.4.3 Detection probabilities ............................................................................................. 38 1 2.4.4 Surveys required to detect trends ........................................................................... 39 2.4.5 Factors affecting detection by observers ................................................................ 39 2.4.6 Cost analysis of methods ........................................................................................ 40 2.5. Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 41 2.5.1 Visual availability bias ............................................................................................. 41 2.5.2 Perception bias ....................................................................................................... 43 2.5.3 Trend detection ....................................................................................................... 44 2.5.4 Cost of survey methods .......................................................................................... 44 2.5.5 Limitations of acoustic surveys ............................................................................... 45 2.5.6 Recommendations for future surveys ..................................................................... 46 2.5.7 Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 46 Chapter 3: Temporal patterns in the abundance of Ganges River dolphins in the southern rivers of Bangladesh .............................................................................................................. 48 3.1. Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 48 3.2. Introduction
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Uhm Phd 9519439 R.Pdf
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality or the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely. event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. MI48106·1346 USA 313!761-47oo 800:521-0600 Order Number 9519439 Discourses ofcultural identity in divided Bengal Dhar, Subrata Shankar, Ph.D. University of Hawaii, 1994 U·M·I 300N. ZeebRd. AnnArbor,MI48106 DISCOURSES OF CULTURAL IDENTITY IN DIVIDED BENGAL A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DECEMBER 1994 By Subrata S.
    [Show full text]
  • Batayan Vol7
    "®LE h¡ ¢eM¡c HL¡L£ A¿¹l¡ ¢eT¥j ®g­l hCfšl ¢L­e n¡¢ju¡e¡l eLn¡ a¡­L V¡­e je ¢c­u­R ¢mVm jÉ¡N¡¢S­e z ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ®l¡c E­W­R n£­al pL¡m­hm¡ z S¡em¡ M¤­m HLm¡ h­p i¡¢h, ®g¡e a¥­m ¢eC z h奭L ®gl h¢m- "BS ¢h­L­m hC­jm¡­a k¡¢h ?'' _ nË£S¡a ""BS c¤f¤­l'' pÇf¡ce¡ l¢”a¡ Q­–¡f¡dÉ¡u pçj pwMÉ¡, j¡QÑ, 2017 Issue Number 7 : March, 2017 EDITORS Ranjita Chattopadhyay, Chicago, IL Jill Charles, IL, USA (English Section) COORDINATOR Biswajit Matilal, Kolkata, India DESIGN AND ART LAYOUT Kajal & Subrata, Kolkata, India PHOTOGRAPHY Soumen Chattopadhyay, IL, USA Tirthankar Banerjee, Perth, Australia PUBLISHED BY Neo Spectrum Anusri Banerjee, Perth, Australia E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Our heartfelt thanks to all our contributors and readers for overwhelming support and response. h¡a¡ue f¢œL¡ ¢eJ­ØfLVÊ¡jÚ à¡l¡ fËL¡¢na J phÑpšÄ pwl¢ra z fËL¡n­Ll ¢m¢Ma Ae¤j¢a R¡s¡, HC f¢œL¡u fËL¡¢na ®k ®L¡e Aw­nl f¤ejѤâZ h¡ ®k ®L¡e i¡­h hÉhq¡l ¢e¢oÜ z lQe¡u fËL¡¢na ja¡ja pÇf§ZÑ i¡­h lQ¢ua¡u p£j¡hÜ z BATAYAN is published by Neo Spectrum. No part of the articles in this issue can be re-printed without the prior approval of the publisher. The editors are not responsible for the contents of the articles in this issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Bengali Studies
    ISSN 2277-9426 Journal of Bengali Studies Vol. 6 No. 1 The Age of Bhadralok: Bengal's Long Twentieth Century Dolpurnima 16 Phalgun 1424 1 March 2018 1 | Journal of Bengali Studies (ISSN 2277-9426) Vol. 6 No. 1 Journal of Bengali Studies (ISSN 2277-9426), Vol. 6 No. 1 Published on the Occasion of Dolpurnima, 16 Phalgun 1424 The Theme of this issue is The Age of Bhadralok: Bengal's Long Twentieth Century 2 | Journal of Bengali Studies (ISSN 2277-9426) Vol. 6 No. 1 ISSN 2277-9426 Journal of Bengali Studies Volume 6 Number 1 Dolpurnima 16 Phalgun 1424 1 March 2018 Spring Issue The Age of Bhadralok: Bengal's Long Twentieth Century Editorial Board: Tamal Dasgupta (Editor-in-Chief) Amit Shankar Saha (Editor) Mousumi Biswas Dasgupta (Editor) Sayantan Thakur (Editor) 3 | Journal of Bengali Studies (ISSN 2277-9426) Vol. 6 No. 1 Copyrights © Individual Contributors, while the Journal of Bengali Studies holds the publishing right for re-publishing the contents of the journal in future in any format, as per our terms and conditions and submission guidelines. Editorial©Tamal Dasgupta. Cover design©Tamal Dasgupta. Further, Journal of Bengali Studies is an open access, free for all e-journal and we promise to go by an Open Access Policy for readers, students, researchers and organizations as long as it remains for non-commercial purpose. However, any act of reproduction or redistribution (in any format) of this journal, or any part thereof, for commercial purpose and/or paid subscription must accompany prior written permission from the Editor, Journal of Bengali Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Emergency Nutrition Assessment Final Report Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh October 22- November 27 2017
    EMERGENCY NUTRITION ASSESSMENT FINAL REPORT COX’S BAZAR, BANGLADESH OCTOBER 22 - NOVEMBER 27 2017 Action Against Hunger / Emergency Nutrition Assessment / Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh / Oct - Nov 2017 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Emergency Nutrition Assessment in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh was conducted on behalf of the Nutrition Sector by Action Against Hunger In collaboration with the Government of Bangladesh, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Food Programme, the United Nations Childrens’ Fund, Save the Children, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The assessment was funded by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations Childrens’ Fund, and the European Commission Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection, however the opinions expressed in this report may not reflect the official opinion of these organizations. Action Against Hunger wishes to thank the Government of Bangladesh and the local governments of Cox’s Bazar, Ukhia, and Teknaf for their support in making this assessment a reality. Action Against Hunger also thanks the persons surveyed for their availability and flexibility, without which the results of this assessment could not have been possible. Family members and their measured children are warmly thanked for their cooperation and for welcoming survey teams into their homes for data collection. Action Against Hunger also thanks the community volunteers and community leaders for their collaboration in identifying survey areas and households during data collection. Special
    [Show full text]
  • Puja/Broto List for Bangla 1425
    Bangladesh Canada Hindu Mandir Website: http://www.hindumondir.org Facebook: http://facebook.com/hindumondir Puja/Broto List for Bangla 1425 # Puja/Broto Date Day Tithi (Ontario Time) 1 Ganesh Puja 15 April (01 Boishakh) Sunday First day of the Bengali year Sun rise 6:34 am & set 8:01 pm 2 Udoy-Osto Harinam Kirton 17 June (02 Ashar ) Sunday Shukla Sunday Sun rise 5:29 am & set 8:42 pm 3 Shani puja & Satya Narayan 23 June (08 Ashar) Saturday Puja: Evening Sun rise 5:35 am & set 8:47 pm Puja 4 Jogonnath Dev’s Roth Jatra 14 July (29 Ashar) Saturday Dwitia till 6:32 pm Sun rise 5:49 am & set 8:57 pm 5 Jonmashtomi (Birth Tithi of 02 Sept. (16 Vadro) Sunday Oshtomi till 7:19 am of next day Sun rise 6:42 am & set 7:51 pm Lord Krishna) 6 Vishwakarma Puja 17 Sept. (31 Vadro) Monday Month end of Vadro Sun rise 6:59 am & set 7:24 pm 7 Pitri Torpon 07 Oct. (20 Ashwin) Sunday Pitripoxkhiyo Choturdoshi Sun rise 7:22 am & set 6:47 pm Torpon: morning 8(a) Durga Puja – Mohaloya 08 Oct. (21 Ashwin) Monday Omabosya till 11:40 pm Sun rise 7:23 am & set 6:46 pm Puja: Night 8(b) Shoshtthee, BodhonAudhibas 14 Oct (27 Ashwin) Sunday Shoshtthee till 11:25pm Sun rise 7:30 am & set 6:35 pm Puja: Evening 8(c) Soptomee Puja 15 Oct (28 Ashwin) Monday Soptomee till 01:01 am of next day Sun rise 7:31 am & set 6:34 pm Puja: 09:00 am 8(d) Oshtomee Puja 16 Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19 Update 32 Shrawan 2077 / 16Th August 2020 / Sunday
    COVID-19 Update 2077 Falgun 6 / 18 February 2021/ Thursday Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population 1 2077 Falgun 6, Thursday Topline Summary . Out of 2,131,330 RT-PCR tests done 273,166 cases are positive. Cumulative positivity rate: 12.9%; Positivity rate of the new cases: 2.5%. 98.7% of the total cases have recovered; 0.59% (1,603) of the cases are active; and 34.4% of the active cases (551) are in home isolation. Of the total 2058 COVID-19 deaths, 97% of the deaths occurred in hospital. The most common comorbidity identified in fatal cases was hypertension (39.9%). Death reported in last 24 hours: 3 . Districts with no active cases: 6; Districts with more than 200 active cases: 1; Districts with more than 500 active cases: 1 (Kathmandu); New cases reported from 25 districts. 5.3% of ICU beds and 2.8% of Ventilators designated for COVID are occupied. 35% of the total cases and 43.8 % of the new cases are female. Of the total 83 RT-PCR testing laboratories, 48 (57.8%) are Public. 64% of the new tests are covered by private labs. 340,874 people have received COVID-19 Vaccine; No severe AEFI cases reported so far. Second phase of the national vaccination campaign started from Falgun 2. A total of 152,710 people have received vaccine in the second phase till today. 2 HIGHLIGHTS 2077 Falgun 6, Thursday RT-PCR Total Positivity Active Recovere People People in Death Tests Cases Rate (%) Cases d Cases Vaccinated Quarantine 2,131,330 273,166 12.9 269,505 2,058 340,874 1603 (98.7%) (0.75%) 71 (0.59%) [3,541] [96] [2.5] [111] [3]
    [Show full text]
  • Nepali Calendar Nepali Calendar 2075 Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Dashain 2075 Tihar 2075 Chath 2075 Teej 2075
    nepalicalendar.rat32.com Nepali Calendar Nepali Calendar 2075 Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Dashain 2075 Tihar 2075 Chath 2075 Teej 2075 Baisakh 2075 Nepali Calendar 2075 Baisakh Month rat32.com nepalicalendar.rat32.com Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Dashain 2075 Tihar 2075 Chath 2075 Teej 2075 Jestha 2075 Nepali Calendar 2075 Jestha Month rat32.com nepalicalendar.rat32.com Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Dashain 2075 Tihar 2075 Chath 2075 Teej 2075 Ashad 2075 Nepali Calendar 2075 Ashad Month rat32.com nepalicalendar.rat32.com Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Dashain 2075 Tihar 2075 Chath 2075 Teej 2075 Shrawan 2075 Nepali Calendar 2075 Shrawan Month rat32.com nepalicalendar.rat32.com Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Dashain 2075 Tihar 2075 Chath 2075 Teej 2075 Bhadra 2075 Nepali Calendar 2075 Bhadra Month rat32.com nepalicalendar.rat32.com Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Dashain 2075 Tihar 2075 Chath 2075 Teej 2075 Ashoj 2075 Nepali Calendar 2075 Ashwin Month rat32.com nepalicalendar.rat32.com Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Dashain 2075 Tihar 2075 Chath 2075 Teej 2075 Kartik 2075 Nepali Calendar 2075 Kartik Month rat32.com nepalicalendar.rat32.com Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan
    [Show full text]
  • Use Style: Paper Title
    Volume 6, Issue 2, February – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165 Challenges of Char People in Northern Bangladesh: A Study on Dimla, Nilphamari Farhana Kamal Md. Mahabub. Chowdhury Lecturer, Department of Sociology Lecturer, Department of Development Studies Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur- 5200 University, Dinajpur- 5200 Bangladesh Bangladesh Marjina Masud Gender Specialist – SHOW Plan International Bangladesh Rangpur Divisional Office House 272, Road 01, G. L. Roy Road Purba Kamal Kachna, Rangpur, Bangladesh Abstract:- Bangladesh officially declared the huge the wet season hampers the indigenous livelihood mechanism productivity of crops in recent years. At the same time by creating flood and river erosion. The river basin people, population lives below the poverty line especially in the char-people rely on the natural system. Any regulatory northern part of Bangladesh. The food insecurity of system of natural flow hampers in habitat, flood control, Bangladesh and living condition is regionally varied and fisheries, public health, groundwater level, sanitation, depends on several factors. The tendency of natural cultural meanings, and values. Changing climate creates disaster, distribution of agricultural land, access to conflict, social stress, food insecurity, water insufficiency, health facilities, education, and level of infrastructure and change in crop pattern. The Teesta Barrage causes development, employment opportunities, and dietary several disasters that create disturbance in normal life, practices are some of the significant factors that affect especially food sufficiency. The local people are habituated food insecurity and peoples living condition. People of to disasters but climate change and environmental different classes, regions, educational backgrounds, degradation challenge the coping mechanism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Indian Policy of Abraham Lincoln
    Indigenous Policy Journal Vol. XXV, No. 3 (Winter 2015) ‘Kaaj’: Understanding women’s work, development and local knowledge in rural Bangladesh Ishrat Jahan [email protected] Abstract In many parts of Latin America, Asia and Africa women spend considerable time doing agricultural work, and for domestic chores, such as cooking, childcare and animal care (Quisumbing, 1998). Participation of women in household as well as farm labour is a common feature of peasant communities across the world. In rural Bangladesh, women’s work is a significant part of the village economy (Abdullah & Zeidenstein, 1982). Particularly in the char lands, where livelihood conditions are vulnerable, women work for longer hours than men to support their households. Considering such a situation, rural development projects mostly target poor women as beneficiaries by involving them in income-based welfare schemes. It is important to understand how women interpret work (kaaj), in order to identify how development projects affect their own way of doing work. In this article, firstly I intend to focus on patterns of women’s work on the char, in Char Khankhanapur and Decree Charchandpur, two villages located in Rajbari region of Bangladesh and secondly, investigate how women perceive kaaj. In my attempt to understand whether development is improving or depreciating women’s lives, I, also delve into understanding local women’s knowledge. Introduction: Bangladesh, an alluvial deltaic region in South Asia, is populated with about 16 million people and characterized by bureaucratic governments and patriarchal social systems. Ali (2012:2) defines patriarchy as ‘the male-dominated structures and social arrangements where women are systematically excluded from the productive or economic spheres of life and where women’s sexuality is always a matter of scrutiny’.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of Gond Astronomy
    Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 16(1), 29-44 (2013). ASPECTS OF GOND ASTRONOMY M.N. Vahia Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhaba Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400 005, India. Email: [email protected] and Ganesh Halkare Indrayani Colony, Amravati, 444 607, India. Abstact: The Gond community is considered to be one of the most ancient tribes of India with a continuing history of several thousand years. They are also known for their largely isolated history which they have retained through the millennia. Several of their intellectual traditions therefore are a record of parallel aspects of human intellectual growth, and still preserve their original flavour and have not been homogenised by the later traditions of India. In view of this, the Gonds provide a special window to the different currents that constitute contemporary India. In the present study, we summarise their mythology, genetics and script. We then investigate their astronomical traditions and try to understand this community through a survey of 15 Gond villages spread over Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. We show that they have a distinctly different view of the sky from the conventional astronomical ideas encountered elsewhere in India, which is both interesting and informative. We briefly comment on other aspects of their life as culled from our encounters with different members of the Gond community. Keywords: India, Gonds, indigenous astronomy. 1 INTRODUCTION and were its primary rulers from AD 1300 to 1600 (Deogaonkar, 2007: 34-55). However, The Gonds are the largest of the Indian tribes, one of the conspicuous aspects of the Gond with a population of between 4 and 5 million lifestyle has been that they did not transform spread over northern Andhra Pradesh, eastern from farmers using the simplest farming tech- Maharashtra, eastern Madhya Pradesh, Jhark- niques to an urban, settled population until very hand and western Orissa (Fürer-Haimendorf recently.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepali Calendar Nepali Calendar 2077 Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Dashain 2077 Tihar 2077 Chath 2077 Teej 2077
    nepalicalendar.rat32.com Nepali Calendar Nepali Calendar 2077 Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Dashain 2077 Tihar 2077 Chath 2077 Teej 2077 Baisakh 2077 Nepali Calendar 2077 Baisakh Month rat32.com nepalicalendar.rat32.com Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Dashain 2077 Tihar 2077 Chath 2077 Teej 2077 Jestha 2077 Nepali Calendar 2077 Jestha Month rat32.com nepalicalendar.rat32.com Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Dashain 2077 Tihar 2077 Chath 2077 Teej 2077 Ashad 2077 Nepali Calendar 2077 Ashad Month rat32.com nepalicalendar.rat32.com Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Dashain 2077 Tihar 2077 Chath 2077 Teej 2077 Shrawan 2077 Nepali Calendar 2077 Shrawan Month rat32.com nepalicalendar.rat32.com Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Dashain 2077 Tihar 2077 Chath 2077 Teej 2077 Bhadra 2077 Nepali Calendar 2077 Bhadra Month rat32.com nepalicalendar.rat32.com Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Dashain 2077 Tihar 2077 Chath 2077 Teej 2077 Ashoj 2077 Nepali Calendar 2077 Ashwin Month rat32.com nepalicalendar.rat32.com Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Dashain 2077 Tihar 2077 Chath 2077 Teej 2077 Kartik 2077 Nepali Calendar 2077 Kartik Month rat32.com nepalicalendar.rat32.com Baisakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Nutrition Surveys - Bangladesh
    Guidelines for Nutrition Surveys - Bangladesh June 2015 Anthropometry, Mortality, IYCF, Food Security and WASH. 1 Funded By: ECHO Prepared by: IPHN, INFS, and UNICEF 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This National Guidelines for Nutrition Surveys in Bangladesh are designed to provide clear instructions and guidance on area based nutrition surveys. I wish to convey my gratitude to the Director DGHS and the director IPHN/NNS for the strong leadership in preparing this guidelines. I do also acknowledge the contributions of the Program Manager and deputy program manager - Nutrition In Emergencies – under IPHN/NNS for their valuable administrative and technical support in the preparation of the guidelines. I gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the members of the technical committee formed under IPHN to review the draft guidelines. Contributions by staff from the following organisations is who were members of the technical committee is highly appreciated. - MOHFW - NNS/IPHN - UNICEF - Action Contre La Faim (ACF) - ICDDR,B - Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (INFS) of Dhaka University. I would also like to appreciate the time, review and useful recommendations provided by the curriculum committee towards finalisation of the guidelines. Thanks too to all the participants from government and development partners who attended and contributed at consultative workshops at national level. Regards. Name 3 ACRONYMS CI Confidence Interval CDR Crude death rate DEFF Design effect DR Death Rate ENA Emergency nutrition assessment EPI Expanded programme on
    [Show full text]