The London Cigarette Card Company Limited
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Supplementary Table 10.7
Factory-made cigarettes and roll-your-own tobacco products available for sale in January 2019 at major Australian retailers1 Market Pack Number of Year Tobacco Company segment2 Brand size3 variants Variant name(s) Cigarette type introduced4 British American Super-value Rothmans5 20 3 Blue, Gold, Red Regular 2015 Tobacco Australia FMCs 23 2 Blue, Gold Regular 2018 25 5 Blue, Gold, Red, Silver, Menthol Green Regular 2014 30 3 Blue, Gold, Red Regular 2016 40 6 Blue, Gold, Red, Silver, Menthol Green, Black6 Regular 2014 50 5 Blue, Gold, Red, Silver, Menthol Green Regular 2016 Rothmans Cool Crush 20 3 Blue, Gold, Red Flavour capsule 2017 Rothmans Superkings 20 3 Blue, Red, Menthol Green Extra-long sticks 2015 ShuangXi7 20 2 Original Red, Blue8 Regular Pre-2012 Value FMCs Holiday 20 3 Blue, Gold, Red Regular 20189 22 5 Blue, Gold, Red, Grey, Sea Green Regular Pre-2012 50 5 Blue, Gold, Red, Grey, Sea Green Regular Pre-2012 Pall Mall 20 4 Rich Blue, Ultimate Purple, Black10, Amber Regular Pre-2012 40 3 Rich Blue, Ultimate Purple, Black11 Regular Pre-2012 Pall Mall Slims 23 5 Blue, Amber, Silver, Purple, Menthol Short, slim sticks Pre-2012 Mainstream Winfield 20 6 Blue, Gold, Sky Blue, Red, Grey, White Regular Pre-2012 FMCs 25 6 Blue, Gold, Sky Blue, Red, Grey, White Regular Pre-2012 30 5 Blue, Gold, Sky Blue, Red, Grey Regular 2014 40 3 Blue, Gold, Menthol Fresh Regular 2017 Winfield Jets 23 2 Blue, Gold Slim sticks 2014 Winfield Optimum 23 1 Wild Mist Charcoal filter 2018 25 3 Gold, Night, Sky Charcoal filter Pre-2012 Winfield Optimum Crush 20 -
Smoking Behavior and the Use of Cigarette Types Among University Student
E-ISSN 2240-0524 Journal of Educational and Social Research Vol 10 No 5 ISSN 2239-978X www.richtmann.org September 2020 . Research Article © 2020 Arisona et.al.. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) Smoking Behavior and the Use of Cigarette Types Among University Student Amalia Arisona Laili Rahayuwati Ayu Prawesti Habsyah Saparidah Agustina Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia DOI: https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2020-0100 Abstract The number of smokers is increasing every year in Indonesia. Cigarettes can cause several health problems and can even cause death. Aside from conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes and shisha are starting to get the spotlight. The types of cigarettes include conventional cigarettes, electric cigarettes and shisha can cause health problems to both smokers and the people around them. The purpose of this study was to determine smoking behavior and the use of cigarette types in students. This research was quantitative descriptive. The population in this study were students who have smoked either the conventional, electric or shisha. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling with 384 students as the samples. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire that was independently developed by researchers with a total of 14 questions. The results of the data obtained were then analyzed using descriptive analysis presented in the form of a percentage. Based on the results of the study it was found that non-health students (90.6%) were more likely to smoke than health students (9.4%). -
1 CO-OPERATION AGREEMENT Dated As of 27 September 2010
CO-OPERATION AGREEMENT dated as of 27 September 2010 among IMPERIAL TOBACCO LIMITED AND THE EUROPEAN UNION REPRESENTED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION AND EACH MEMBER STATE LISTED ON THE SIGNATURE PAGES HERETO 1 ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS Section 1.1. Definitions........................................................................................... 7 ARTICLE 2 ITL’S SALES AND DISTRIBUTION COMPLIANCE PRACTICES Section 2.1. ITL Policies and Code of Conduct.................................................... 12 Section 2.2. Certification of Compliance.............................................................. 12 Section 2.3 Acquisition of Other Tobacco Companies and New Manufacturing Facilities. .......................................................................................... 14 Section 2.4 Subsequent changes to Affiliates of ITL............................................ 14 ARTICLE 3 ANTI-CONTRABAND AND ANTI-COUNTERFEIT INITIATIVES Section 3.1. Anti-Contraband and Anti-Counterfeit Initiatives............................ 14 Section 3.2. Support for Anti-Contraband and Anti-Counterfeit Initiatives......... 14 ARTICLE 4 PAYMENTS TO SUPPORT THE ANTI-CONTRABAND AND ANTI-COUNTERFEIT COOPERATION ARTICLE 5 NOTIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF CONTRABAND AND COUNTERFEIT SEIZURES Section 5.1. Notice of Seizure. .............................................................................. 15 Section 5.2. Inspection of Seizures. ...................................................................... 16 Section 5.3. Determination of Seizures................................................................ -
Cigarette Smoking-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches
Cigarette Smoking-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Tamer M. Abdelghany Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Jay L. Zweier, MD, Advisor Dr. Arthur Strauch III, PhD Dr. Amal Amer, MD PhD Copyright by Tamer M. Abdelghany 2013 Abstract Cigarette smoking (CS) remains the single largest preventable cause of death. Worldwide, smoking causes more than five million deaths annually and, according to the current trends, smoking may cause up to 10 million annual deaths by 2030. In the U.S. alone, approximately half a million adults die from smoking-related illnesses each year which represents ~ 19% of all deaths in the U.S., and among them 50,000 are killed due to exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The crucial event of The CVD is the endothelial dysfunction (ED). Despite of the vast number of studies conducted to address this significant health problem, the exact mechanism by which CS induces ED is not fully understood. The ultimate goal of this thesis; therefore, is to study the mechanisms by which CS induces ED, aiming at the development of new therapeutic strategies that can be used in protection and/or reversal of CS-induced ED. In the first part of this study, we developed a well-characterized animal model for chronic secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) to study the onset and severity of the disease. -
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Rockland Gazette : December 19, 1872
/ 1 M A 1 U ,4ocldautl feettc. I Croc’a PUBLISHED EVERY i' rsd a y A f t e r n o o n by VOSE & PORTER, SI, ...... < Printing, Including No. 5, Custom House Block. Town', Eeporta, CataloGuea,.By-;Lawa, Port. TERMS: era. Bhop.Billa. Hand Bflla.'Pmgr.mm^., g Circular!, BUI Heads, Letter Heads,; Il paid strictly ii . advance—per annum, $2,00 If payment is . laved 6 months 2,25 Law and Corporation Blanks, il not paid till tii close of the j 2,60 Heoelpia, I Bills ot LadinG, B *- New b>ci expected to make the fire( pav Business,' Addreaaand £ / No .ill he discontinued until a l l W addins Cards, I REA ud, unless at the option ot the pub TaGs, Labels, '-• >' Ushers. j -f Single copies flv cents—lor sale at the office ROCKLAND, MAINE, THURSDAY AFTERNOON, DECEMBER 19. 1872. NO. 2. id at the Bookstores. VOL. 28. PRINTINGIXN colobbaiihbbohziho Z. POPE VOSE. J. B. POUTER. will receive car^fqlattantion. myself there with you, if you like. You be stricken out, and now I rapped on was round my neck, and the head of the “The Whig party has disgraced it E pitaphs. For every one, life has some blessing- see I have not a living soul in the the deck aud called them to do so. sobbing Laurette was on my bosom. self in Mr. Clay’s district, sir, and I am Notwithstanding the feelings of solem some cup that is not mixed with bitter world to care for, or that cares for me. -
The Filter Fraud: Debunking the Myth of “Safer” As a Key New Strategy Of
THE FILTER FRAUD: DEBUNKING THE MYTH OF “SAFER” AS A KEY NEW STRATEGY OF TOBACCO CONTROL Alan Blum, MD, University of Alabama Center for the Study of Tobacco and Society, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA ([email protected]) Thomas E. Novotny, MD MPH, San Diego State University, Cigarette Butt Pollution Project, San Diego, CA, USA ([email protected]) Background Filters are a Health Hazard Although efforts have been made to eliminate the use of misleading • As with flavorings such as menthol, filters facilitate nicotine descriptors such as “low tar,” “lights,” and “mild” from cigarette addiction by making smoking less harsh and thus easier for marketing, the elimination of the cigarette filter, which is on 99.7% youth to start smoking. For existing smokers, the tobacco of cigarettes sold in United States, has been largely overlooked as a industry fostered consumer complacency and false security tobacco control strategy. The 2014 U.S. Surgeon General’s Report on about the implied protection that the filter could confer, the Health Consequences of Smoking and the 2001 U.S. National diminishing the urgency to quit smoking. Cancer Institute Monograph 13 report that the near-universal • Lung cancer risks among smokers have doubled for men and adoption by smokers of filtered cigarettes since their introduction in increased by almost 10 times for women from 1960-1980; the 1930s has not reduced these consumers’ risks for cancer and relative risks for and incidence of the more aggressive other diseases (1). Moreover, the non-biodegradable filter is the adenocarcinoma increased from 4.6 to19.0 among men and from main component of tobacco product waste in the environment. -
Cigarette Mainstream Smoke: the Evolution of Methods and Devices for Generation, Exposure and Collection * By
Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International Contributions to Tobacco Research Volume 27 @ No. 4 @ October 2016 DOI: 10.1515/cttr-2016-0015 Cigarette Mainstream Smoke: The Evolution of Methods and Devices for Generation, Exposure and Collection * by Hubert Klus 1, Barbara Boenke-Nimphius 2, and Lutz Müller 3 1 Oriongasse 9,3100 St. Pölten, Austria 2 Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International, Chausseestraße 51A, 10115 Berlin, Germany 3 Stralsunder Straße 1, 01109 Dresden, Germany SUMMARY (filters and traps) developed over time - some for very specific purposes - and refers to the perpetual problem of The objective of this review is to support tobacco scientists artifact formation by aging. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 27 when evaluating information published on smoking ma- (2016) 137–274] chines, and on cigarette mainstream smoke (in vivo and in vitro) exposure systems and collection devices. The intriguing development of smoking machines (mainly ZUSAMMENFASSUNG for cigarettes) is followed for more than 170 years - from the first simple set-ups in the 1840s to the sophisticated and Es ist die Intention dieser Übersicht, auf dem Gebiet des fully automated analytical smoking machines available Tabaks arbeitende Wissenschaftler zu unterstützen bei der today. Systems for the large-scale production of smoke Bewertung publizierter Informationen über Rauchmaschi- (condensate) for preparative work are equally considered. nen sowie über Systeme zur experimentellen Exposition (in The standardization of machine smoking methods and test vivo und in vitro) mit Zigarettenhauptstromrauch und pieces has solved several technical problems and produced Apparate zu dessen Sammlung. sensible rules but, at the same time, given rise to new Die sehr interessante Entwicklung von Rauchmaschinen controversies like the compatibility of artificial and human (vornehmlich für Zigaretten) wird über einen Zeitraum von smoking, and the implementation of more intense machine mehr als 170 Jahren nachgezeichnet - von den ersten ein- smoking regimes. -
Release of Carbon Granules from Cigarettes with Charcoal Filters
1997;6:33-4Q 33 Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.6.1.33 on 1 March 1997. Downloaded from Release of carbon granules from cigarettes with charcoal filters John L Pauly, Sharon J Stegmeier, Andrew G Mayer, Joel D Lesses, Richard J Streck Abstract Keywords: cigarette filter; charcoal; fibres; gas Objective~~-To inspect cigarettes with a Most (more than 95%) of cigarettes marketed triple granular filter for charcoal granules 1 5 on the cut filter surface and, if present, to today in the United States have filters. " We determine whether the charcoal granules believe that the smoker perceives the filter of a on the filter are released during smoking. cigarette to be both safe and efficient. Design—400 Lark cigarettes in 20 packs However, recent observations in our laboratory were examined individually by each of challenged this view. For example, we have observed the release of cellulose acetate fibres three investigators for the presence of 1 charcoal granules on the cut surface of the from cigarette filters.' These filter fibres were: cellulose acetate filter. Without removing (a) observed trapped between the cellophane the cigarettes from the pack, the filters wrapper and the unopened pack of cigarettes; were examined with a stereo zoom micro- (b) present in the residue at the bottom of scope for charcoal granules. The percent- packs; (c) discharged from the filter when ciga- age of cigarettes that had charcoal rettes were tapped from a height of 3.5 cm or granules was defined, and charcoal dropped from 15 cm; (d) liberated when the granules on each filter were counted. -
The Cigarette Card Series of W. Duke, Sons &
CAPITALIZING ON TABOOS IN ADVERTISING: THE CIGARETTE CARD SERIES OF W. DUKE, SONS & COMPANY by Janet Katelyn Hammond Honors Thesis Appalachian State University Submitted to the Department of History and The Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science May, 2018 Approved by: Michael C. Behrent, Ph.D., Thesis Director Katherine E. Ledford, Ph.D., University Honors Second Reader Allison Fredette, Ph.D., Departmental Honors Second Reader Michael C. Behrent, Ph.D., Departmental Honors Director Jefford Vahlbusch, Ph.D., Dean, The Honors College Hammond 1 Abstract This essay reveals the themes displayed in the cigarette card series produced at W. Duke, Sons & Co. from 1880 to 1900. The following mainly draws upon the cards themselves, the Duke family’s and the business’s correspondence, and other miscellaneous company notes. Topics covered include: a historiography, a family history, an overview of the cigarette and tobacco industries, late-eighteenth century capitalism and advertising methods, the interworking of the Duke company, and how the cigarette card series reflect all of these components. The overall argument is that the executives of this enterprise cashed in on the taboos of this time period while offering no new perspectives about the existing social hierarchy in the United States. Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………....2 Historiography………………………………………………………………………………...3 Family & Tobacco Background……………………………………………………………….9 Capitalism & W. Duke, Sons and -
Effect of Taxes and Government Laws on Cigarette Industry in India
International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT) ISSN: 2509-0119 Vol. 3 No. 1 June 2016, pp. 66-75 © 2016 International Journals of Sciences and High Technologies http://ijpsat.ijsht-journals.org Effect of Taxes and Government Laws on Cigarette Industry in India Nikhil Patidar 1, Sachet Jain 2 1 Biochemical and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India 2Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India ABSTRACT : Taxes and Government Laws in any economy play a huge role on the cigarette industry worldwide and hence this paper is an attempt to analyze the effects of the government policies and literacy rates on the cigarette industry in India. Trend of the industry over the past fifteen years is analyzed and the effect of government policies of 2003, 2008 and 2013 is studied using the benchmark analysis via comparison with industrial average. DuPont 5 point ratios are being used to compare the companies with the market trends. Also Regression analysis has been performed to comprehend the relative impact of all the five DuPont ratios on return on equity. The study shows that the policies of 2008 and 2013 has helped the government of India to generate more revenue, resulting in the rise in cigarette prices and hence reduced relative consumption. The policies of 2003 resulted in reduced shareholder’s equity and as the tax increased in the next decade the tax burden ratio also decreased in 2008 and 2013. The study also shows that the operating profit ratio has decreased as the profit to the company has reduced in comparison to the sales made. -
A Review of the Post-WWII Baseball Card Industry
A Review of the Post-WWII Baseball Card Industry Artie Zillante University of North Carolina Charlotte November 25th,2007 1Introduction If the attempt by The Upper Deck Company (Upper Deck) to purchase The Topps Company, Inc. (Topps) is successful, the baseball card industry will have come full circle in under 30 years. A legal ruling broke the Topps monopoly in the industry in 1981, but by 2007 the industry had experienced a boom and bust cycle1 that led to the entry and exit of a number of firms, numerous innovations, and changes in competitive practices. If successful, Upper Deck’s purchase of Topps will return the industry to a monopoly. The goal of this piece is to look at how secondary market forces have shaped primary market behavior in two ways. First, in the innovations produced as competition between manufacturers intensified. Second, in the change in how manufacturers competed. Traditional economic analysis assumes competition along one dimension, such as Cournot quantity competition or Bertrand price competition, with little consideration of whether or not the choice of competitive strategy changes. Thus, the focus will be on the suggested retail price (SRP) of cards as well as on the timing of product releases in the industry. Baseballcardshaveundergonedramaticchangesinthepasthalfcenturyastheindustryandthehobby have matured, but the last 20 years have provided a dramatic change in the types of products being produced. Prior to World War II, baseball cards were primarily used as premiums or advertising tools for tobacco and candy products. Information on the use of baseball cards as advertising tools in the tobacco and candy industries prior to World War II can be obtained from a number of different sources, including Kirk (1990) and most of the annual comprehensive baseball card price guides produced by Beckett publishing.