Wl4=t~ 1i1~d ct) G1"'~IOI"'1 2001 CENSUS OF INDIA 2001
~-11 film Series-11 BIHAR m~fllCb \1I~~IOI~1 'ftl'( Primary Census Abstract
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It>"~ ~ ~fft~•. ~ PEOPLE ORlEN:tED
GHJI OI'1I q:;rd Pl~"lcll1, ~ Directorate of Census OperationJ, Bihar Data ProducrNumber 10-008~nI-B;Ok
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iii CONTENTS
Pages
Preface ...... vii-viii Acknowledgements ...... , ...... x Figures at a glance ...... xii,xiv,xvi,xviii,xx Introduction ...... xxiv-xxvi Basic census concepts and definitions-Census 2001 ...... xxxv xlii Data highlights ...... xlviii-lii Analytical statements ...... Iv-Ixxii
Map ...... ~xxiii
Table-A5 : Total Population ...... 1-339 A 5- State Primary Census Abstract of Total population: 2001 ...... 1-19 A 5- District Primary Census Abstract of Total population: 2001 ...... 20-314 A 5- Urban Primary Census Abstract of Total population: ...... 316-339
Table-A6 : Institutional Population ...... 341-361 A 6 - State Primary Census Abstract of Institutional population: 2001 ...... 341-361
/ Table-A7: Houseless Population ...... 363-383 A 7 - State Primary Census Abstract of Houseless population: 2001 ...... 363-383
Annexures ...... 385-454 Annexure la & 11> List of notified Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes ...... 387-449 Annexure II Household Schedule ...... 453-454
iv ~ Q¢I~I"l it ~ ~ GJ"l'fk«11 t ~ ~ 31'R ~ ~ ~ mXG cBT GJ"llIUI1I, 2001 ctt GJ'i'fk«11 ctt TfUPfT t ~ if ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ql'«1~¢ ~ t ~, 'fll"qICi'i 31'R 'fl1\(uft¢xUI tR ~ ~ I mXG ctt GJ'ilIUI'iI, 2001 t ~ GJ"llIUI'i1 "'ffR" em ~ ffi6 ~ Cf)sqC\( tR -&mx ~ 1Tm ~ ftmit tw~iCf)'i (Scanning) t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ctt fCl ill f{;j (j £*11 QRI ~ ~ m~ GJ 'ill °l'il "'ffR" CfJ1 >;(i ¢ f{;j(j m em CJillllfC'llll if Cf)~c'!l cBT 'fl15 IllCi 1 ~ WR 5T~ ~ fcIRrr 1Tm m I ~ 'fl1\(oftCf)>;(01 Cf)lllfwif it ~ GJ'ilIOI'i1 ~ ~ ~ ctt X"l15lllCiI ~ ~ (Extract) ~ "lJTlfruT am it Tftq "'«1"<" 31'R "f1Tful aP.:IT"4 'llR/crrt ~ tR -&mx ~ 1Tm m I 'Bff(f cBT GJ"ll10111 2001 t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ij; fcrnrc;T ~ CfJ1 ~ m t ~ 'ijffi ~ Sll fTl c61 II qR Cl cf"l fcp<) ~ ('f"ffcp mer it 'Bff(f cp't GJ'ilIOI"lI, 2001 t ~ em- ~ "CiX5 ~ ¢sqcxl "QX ~ ~ "GJT ~ I ~ "1'fA Q'lSllfTlct1 ~~cC'l ~ 31'R ~ec41~c ~{ R¢If?l~11 (Digital Imaging and Intelligent CharaGter Recognition) cpT ~~ ~ ~ ~ m ~ I'llflfftll t "Wi" ~ ~ ctR "QX \iWI1 vm=rr ~ I 'm'1991 it ~ ~ GJ1 l l0 111 ~ CfJ1 ~ \li1xi{"«11 ~ t ('f5Ci" ~ fcIRrr 1Tm :2TI ~ \J1"llIOI"l1 2001 if ~ co ~ t 'JWT it ~ fum 1Tm ~ QCfiI~11 if ~ GJ'ilIUI'i1 "'flN ctt co-5 ~ co-9 cp't 'fll\(filllli ~ ctt ~ ~ I ~ xmfilllll if ~ \i1'i\(i~1 (co-5) , ~ \i1'ixi'&Oll (j)-6), ~ \J1"1xi~1 (co-7) , 3lj'{ifi!d ~ cp't \li"1xi~1 (cp-8) ~ 31j'{ffi\d \J1"1\i1IR141 cp't \i1"1'{"kcZll (co-9) cp't ~~ f2l~1~(j13lT em GW:rr 1Tm i I ~ \li"Ni{"«11 ~ m~ GJ"1 l I0 1"11 X1R if ~, ~ ~ ~ \li"1xi{"cZll, 0-6 ~ ~ co'T \i1"1fiMI, 3l'j)xifi!d ~ co'T \i1"1xi'L«1I, 3l'j)xifi!d \i1"l\i11R1111' cp't GJ"1xi{"«1I, maR, ~ Cfilfi ~ 1R ~, C{hi¢If{;jCf) ~ 3l(>q¢1f{;j¢ ~ cp't ~ 3fmTffrq:) ~ 3l~ ¢1~Ci Cf)1\(, ~ ~, q IRcllR ¢ \ffirrr Cfilfi 31'R 3RT ~ ~ ~ ~ \i11"1Cf)I~ efT ~ ~ I "'ffR1Jft co-5, co-8 ~ cp-9 if ~ ~ em mm/fGR;rr/BLTI"fGR;rr/~ ~/~ "ffiX "QX ~ ~ fB'T t ~ ~ fcfRn 1Tm ~ I m~ ~ ~ GJ'ixi{"«11 * ~ \JI"1 l I01'i1 X1N. (cp-6 ~ en-7) "4 \3q4-1 ~ qR~ltC-3 it ~ fcr;I; ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ "Gl $ ~ : ~-I "4 "fTR1lft -q>-5, cp-6 31'R -q>- 7, ~-II it X1NUft cp-s 31'R "'ffR1Jft cp-9 QCf)I~I(j ~ ~ ~ I
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In 1991, State Primary Census Abstract was adjunct to General Population Tables while in 2001 Census; these are presented as part of A-series tables. This publication contains Primary Census Abstract Tables A-5 to A-B. These tables present basic population characteristics of Total population (A-5), Institutional population (A-6) , Housetess population (A-7) , Scheduled Castes population (A-B) and Scheduled Tribes population (A-g). Primary Census Abstract for Total population gives basic information on area, Total households, Population, Population in the age group 0-6, Scheduled Castes population, Scheduled Tribes population, Literates, Total workers, Non-workers, Main workers and Marginal workers classified by four broad industrial categortes, namely, Cultivators, Agricultural Labourers, Household Industry workers and Other workers. The data in tables A-5, A-8 and A~9 is presented at State/districtlsub-district and Urban Agglomeration/town levels. The Primary Census Abstract of Institutional population (A~6) and Houseless population (A-7) have been given first time up to district level by residence and sex, In the 1991 Census, only basic data on population by residence and sex for Institutional and Houseless Households were given in Appendix-3 to Table A-1. This publication has two volumes: Volume-I contains Table A-5, A·6 and A-7 and Volume-II Table A-8 and Table A-g.
The'task of finalizing the State Primary Census Abstract and production of this volume is the coordinated effort of varlous divisions in the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India and the Directorate of Census Operations. I am extremely grateful to Shrl D.K. Sikri, Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India for his guidance In bringing out this publication. I am equally grateful to Shri Jayant Kumar Banthia, former Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India for his constant inspiration, help and guidance at every stage. I am grateful to Mr. Sudhir Kumar Rakesh, lAS, former Director of Census Operations for his valuable contribution and guidance in the mammoth Census exercise in Bihar. I am thankful to Shri Himakar, Additional Director (EDP) for his untiring efforts in data processing and his team of officers Mr. M.R. Balakrishnan, Joint Director (EDP), Mr. A.K. Srivastava, Deputy Director (EDP) qnd Mr. Anil Kumar, Deputy Director (EOP) and their colleagues. The data proceSSing of Bihar was ,_handled efficiently by Data Centre, Patna under the'overall supervision of Mr. A.K. Saxana, Deputy Director supported by a team of officers.
vii Scrutinizing and finalizing the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes returns of Census of India, 2001 was co-ordinated by Social Studies Division under the guidance of Dr. LC.Aggrawal, Senior Research Officer who was ably supported by a team of officers.
Jhe work of finalizing the Primary Census Abstracts and bringing out this volume after detailed scrutiny and close coordination with other DivisLons and Directorates has -been accomplished by the Census Division of ORGI under the able guidance of Mr. R.G. Mitra, Deputy Registrar General (Census and Tabulation). Ms. Suman Prashar, Joint Director who efficiently coordinated the entire work of Primary Census tXbstract. The work related to compilation, preparation of analytical tables and presentation of data in this publication has been ablyaone by Mr. H.K. Kaushal, Assistant Director assisted by Mr. -R.C. Meena-, Statistical Investigator Grade-I and other officials. Maps included in this publication have been prepared by the Map Division of the ORGI under the able supervision of Dr. R.P. Singh, Deputy Registrar General (Map). Printing of this volume was handled by Shri C. Chakravarty, Joint Director, Printing and Data Dissemination, Cell. I am also thankful to all the officers and staff of Census Division and D.P. Division for their co operation and support in bringing out this volume.
Among those who were closely associated with this work, I appreciate each member of Census Cell. The overall supervision of the entire work was done by Shri Phool Singh, Joint Director of Census Operations.
Finally, I would acknowledge the active GQoperation and support of the State GoVernment of Bihar and their officials and participation of people of the State but for their support it would not have been possible to complete the massive exercise of Census-2001.
Patana, Deputy Director of Census Operations, ''October, 2004 Bihar
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ix Acknowledgements
Office of the Registrar General, India
Census Division Mr. R.G. Mitra, Deputy Registrar General (Census & Tabulation), Ms. Suman Prashar, Joint Director, Mr. H.K. Kaushal, Assistant Director, Mr. R.C. Meena, S.1. Grade I, Ms. Sadhna Chhibber, S.1. Grade II, Ms. Veena Kumari, S.1. Grade III, Ms. Indu Bhola, Senior Compiler, Ms. Veena Matta, Steno, Mr. T.K. Mahto, Assistant Compiler
Data Processing Division Mr. Himakar, Additional Director (Electronic Data Processing), Mr. S.L. Jain, Joint Director, Mr. M.S. Thapa, Deputy Director, Mr. Anil Kumar, Deputy Director, Mr. J.S. Lamba, Assistant Director, Mr. Surendra Singh, Assistant Director, Mr. J.C. Joshi, Assistant Director, Mr. Suresh Paul, Assistant Director. Mr. V.K. Singh, Assistant Director, Mr. A.K. Shrivas, Assistant Director, Mr. Pyare Lal, Assistant Director, Ms~ Usha, Data processing Assistant
Data Dissemination and Printing Mr. C. Chakravorty, Joint ~rector, Mr. Om Parkash, Assistant Director, Mr. S.C. Bhakri, Senior Technical Assistant, Mr. M.C. Sharma, Senior Technical Assistant, Mr. Bhushan Lal, Senior Technical Assistant, Mr. B.K. Madan, Printing Inspector, Mr. N.K. Jain, Printing Inspector
Administration Mr. B. Mallik, Joint Rt::gistrar General/Joint Secretary, Mr Bal Krishan, Deputy Director
Directorate of Census Operations '" Mr. Sudhir Kumar Rakesh, Director of Census Operations, Mr. Phool Singh, Joint Director, Mr. S.K.Sinha, Deputy Director (since retd.), Mr. A.K.Saxena, Deputy Director, Mr. Pradeep Kumar, Deputy Director, Mr. J.Lakra, Assistant Director, Mr. Priya Mohan Prasad, S.I.Gr.l, Mr. T.N.Rukhaiyar, S.I.Gr.1
Census Cell Mr. R.N. Chaudhary, S.I.Gr.ll, Mr. S.K. Singh,. S.I.Gr.lI, Mr. M.K.P. Sharma, S.I.Gr.llI, Mr. Shailendra Kumar Sinha, S.I.Gr.lIl, Mr. Kishori Saran, Compiler, Mr. Deepak Kumar Mishra, Compiler, Mr. Birendra Prasad Singh, Compiler, Mr. Rajiva Kumar Sinha, Compiler, Mr. Gajendra Kumar Labh, Compiler, Mr. Ashok Kumar Sharma, Compiler, Mr. Amar Chandra Sinha, Compiler, Mr. Shea Balak Prasad, Compiler.
Computer Cell Mr. Anup Kumar Verma, D.E.O.Gr. "B", Mr. Shankar Sharan Srivastava, D.E.O.Gr. "B", Mr. Narvdeshwar Kumar Srivastav, D.E.O.Gr. "B".
x ~ ~ \J1~JIOI~1 2001 WC"J \11 '1fi~c~ ~ ff?rm -m-rr 82,998,509 43,243,795 39,754,714 mlfiur 74,316,709 38,594,996 35,721,713 ~ 8,681,800 4,648,799 4,033,001
"I 1"tl {._'4 I (0-6 ~ ~) 16,806,063 8,652,705 8,153,358 w~(7Cl1f~~~ 31,109,577 20',644,376 10,465,201 ~cp4l 27,974,606 20,483,003 7,491,603 4hhf) IR1 CJ) CT>lff 21,052,875 17,511,018 3,541,857 31 (Xl CJ) IR1 CJ) CT>lff 6,921,731 2,971,985 3,949,746
CJ)1~dCJ)I'< 8,193,621 6,457,265 1,736,356 ~Rlt5'< ~ 13,417,744 8,730,251 4,687,493 4IRqIRCJ) ~ '¢"lff 1,100,424 656,662 443,762 3Rl~ 5,262,817 4,638,825 623,992 ffi-~~ 919 1m.! ~ ~ (0-6 ~ ~) 942 WaRm G'<'. 47.0 59.7 33.1 ~~~ 33.7 47.4 18.8
~ ~ cpr !'IRl~ld en tl CJ) IR1 CJ) cp4l 75.3 85.5 47.3 31 (>q CJ) IR1 CJ) Cf5lfi 24.7 14.5 52.7
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CJ)1~dCJ)I'< 29.3 31.5 23.2 ~Rl!N~ 48.0 42.6 62.6 4IRqIRCJ) \3"WT cplfi 3.9 3.2 5.9 3Rf~ 18.8 22.6 8.3 -- xi CENSUS OF "INDIA 2001 FIGURES AT A GLANCE OF TOTAL POPULATION Bihar Total Number of Districts 37 Total Number of Sub-Districts 533 Total Number of Villages 45,098 Total Number of Inhabited Villages 39,015 Total Number of Towns 130 Total Number of Statutory Towns 125 Persons Males Females Total Population Total 82,998,509 43,243,795 39,754,714 Rural 74,316,709 38,594,996 35,721,713 Urban 8,681,800 4,648,799 4,033,001 Popu!ation (0-6 years) 16,806,063 8,652,705 8,153,358 Literates (7years and above) 31,109,577 20,644,376 10,465,201 Total workers 27,974,606 20,483,003 7,491,603 Main workers 21,052,875 17,511,018 3,541,857 Marginal workers 6,921,731 2,971,985 3,949,746 Cultivators 8,193,621 6,457,265 1,736,356 Agricultulral labourers 13,417,744 8,730,251 4,687,493 Household industry workers 1,100,424 656,662 443,762 Other workers 5,262,817 4,638,825 623,992 Sex ratio 919 Child sex ratio (0-6 years) 942 Literacy rate 47.0 59.7 3'3.1 Work participation rate 33.7 47.4 18.8 Percentage to total workers:
Main workers 75.3 85.5 47.3 Marginal workers 24.7 14.5 52.7 Categories of total workers Cultivators 29.3 31.5 23.2 Agricultulral labourers 48.0 42.6 62.6 Household industry workers 3.9 3.2 5.9 Other workers j8.8 22.6 8.3
,.,.- xii ~"$l: \11""lJIOI~1 20'01 ~ \ij~Wi@ll -ij; ~ ~ ~ it f'alwtt ~~~~ 37 ~\jq.~qfr~ 533 ~llicIT~~ 45,098 ~ ~ TfrcIT qft ~ 39,015 ~~~~ 130 ~~"llRl~~ 125
~ ~ fBrm ~ \il1ti'&'ll $[. 273,836 198,913 . 74,923 m4Tur 165,299 107,058 58,241 ~ 108,537 91,855 16,682
1OfI1fi'&'ll (0-6 ~ ~) -28,596 1_5,167 13,429 W&R (7 Cftt ~ ~ ~ 162,409 133,778 28,631 ~cn4T 90,916 76,893 14,023 c!hlcf> I R-t if) cpsff 74,645 67,123 7,522 31 &4 if) IR-t if) cpsff 16,271 9,770 6,501 if)1~Clcpl~ 12,089 10,017 2,072 :~~5~~ 24,764 17,884 6,880 qIRq IR if) \3'WT Cf)lff . 2,545 1,627 918
3foXT ~ 51,518 47,365 ,/ 4,153
'Bfi-~~ 377 ~~~(a-6~~) 885
Wffiffi ~ 66.2 72.8 46.6 Cf)l~ ~ cpr !OI~~ICl
cfl tlcPl R-t if) cpsff 82.1 87.3 53.6 31·&4 if) I~ ct> cpsff 17;9 12.7 46.4
~~~~
if)1~Clif)I~ 13.3 13.0 14.8 ~Rm'{ ~ 27.2 23.3 49.1 qlRqlRif) ~ Cf)lff 2.8 2.1 6.5 v 3Rf q;+fi , 56.7 61.6 29.6 ...... Ir ----- xiii CENSUS OF INDIA 2001 FIGURES AT A GLANCE OF INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION Bihar Total Number of Districts 37 Total Number of Sub-Districts 533 Total Number of Villages' 45,098 Total Number. of Inhabited Villages 39,015 Total Number of Towns 130 Total Number of Statutory Towns 125 Persons Males Females Institutional Population Total 273,836 198,913 74,923 Rural 165,299 107,058 58,241 Urban 108,537 91,855 16,682 Population (0-6 years)_ 28,596 15,167 13,429 Literates (7years and above) 162,409 133,778 28,631 Total workers 90,,916 76,893 14,023 Main workers 74,645 67,123 7,522 Marginal workers 16,271 9,770 6,501 Cultivators 12,089 10,017 2,072 Agricutulral labourers 24,764 17,884 6,880 Household industry workers 2,545 1,627 918 Other workers 51,518 47,365 4,153 Sex ratio 377 Child sex ratio (0-6 years) 885 Literacy rate 66.2 72.8 46.6 Work participation rate 33.2 38.7 18.7 Percentage to total workers:
Main workers 82.1 87.3 53.6 MarginaJ workers 17.9 12.7 46.4 Categories of total workers Cultivators 13.3 13.0 14.8 Agricultural labourers 27.2 23.3 49.1 Household industry workers 2.8 2.1 6.5 Other workers 5f3.'7 61.6 " 29.6 -- xiv ~ ctt \1IYiJI OIYiI 2001 ffi GH'fi'Lc4l -ij; ~ ~ ~ ~ m ~~ctr~ 37 ~\3lf~ctr~ 533 ~TftcITctr~ 45,098 ~ 3fIEI1G -rtTcIT ~ ~ 39,015 ~~ctr~ -130 ~~~ctr~ 125
~ ~ ~ t£R ,iF"I fk.<:lll \Jl'i,{1&011 (0-6 3Tr cpsff 13,026 10,579 2,447 3lC"lllf>lfBlf> ~ 4,717 2,411 2,306
CfjI~dlf>l'< 1,129 960 169 ~Rm,< ~ 6,728 4,838 1,890 4IRcIiRct> ~ ~ , 940 516 424.
3Rl~ 8,946 6,676 / 2,270 ffi-~~ 523 fmJ fWT ~ (0-6 3Tr~G'<" 18.8 18.4 19.7 Cf>TlT~GX 41.8 46'.6 32.5 ~ ~ cpr I'IRt~ld -
G1tllf>lfB&> ~ 73.4 81.4 51.5 31 c'q If> I R1 If> ~ 26.6 18.6 48.5
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If>I~dct>I'< 6.4 7.4 3.6 ~Rlt5'< ~ 37.9 37.2 39.8 4IRqIRCf) ~ ~ 5.3 4.0 8.9 3Rl cpffi 50.4 51.4 47.8 / V i ..-- - '. xv CENSUS OF INDIA 2001 . FIGURES AT A GLANCE OF HOUSELESS POPULATION Bihar Total Number of Districts 37 Total Number of SUb-Districts 533 Total Number of Villages 45,098 Total Number of Inhabited Villages 39,015 Total Number of Towns 130 Total Number of Statutory Towns 125 Persons Males Females Houseless Population Total 42,498 27;895 14,603 Rural 29,768 19,951 9,817 Urban 12,730 7,944 4,786 Population (0-6 years)- 6,009 3,008 3,001 Literates (7years and above) 6,856 4,571 2,285 Total workers 17,743 12,990 4,753 Main workers 13,026 10,579 2,447 Marginal workers 4,717 2,411 2,306 Cultivators 1,129 960 169 Agricultural labourers 6,728 4,838 1,890 Household industry workers 940 516 424 Other workers 8,946 6,676 2,270 Sex ratio 523 Child sex ratio (0-6 years) 998 Literacy rate 18.8 18.4 19.7 Work participation rate 41.8 46.6 32.5 Percentage to total workers:
Main workers 73.4 81.4 51.5 Marginal workers 26.6 18.6 48.5 Categories of total workers Cultivators 6.4 7.4 3.6 Agricultural laboLirers 37.9 37.2 39.8 Household industry workers 5.3 4.0 8.9 / 50.4 _____ Other workers __ / 51.4 47.8 .....- - . .__ .--" xvi 1=fffif qft \11~JIOI~1 2001
311~iRld \JiIRilii t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ctT~ 37 ~\31T~ctT~ 533 ~11tcITctT~ 45,098 ~ awrrG TfrcIT ctT ~ 39,015 ~4lRTctT~ 130 ~~~ctT~ 125
~. ~ ~ 31 j'{i~ d \i1 IRl <:!'j cp'T IJj '"1 tk..«H \i1'"1xil§Ql (0-6 ~~) 2,928,997 '1,492,315 1,436,682 'Xilffi' (7 qrf ~ ~ 3m] 2,880,895 2,128,948 751,947 ~~ 5,185,835 3,335,636 1,850,199 cfl Efcm R1 Cf) ~ 3,683,195 2,719,100 964,095 31C'QCflI~Cf) ~ 1,502,640 616,536 886,104
Cf) I ~d Cf) I '< 411,995 289,961 122,034 ~Rli3~ ~ 4,024,880 2,469,825 1,555,055 41RqlRCfI ~ ~ 169,802 93,785 76,011 ,., ~~ 579,158 482,065 97,093
~-~~ 923 fmJ ~ 3fjQRf (0-6 ~ ~) 963 'XilaffifT GX 28..5 40.2 15.6 cpT cf\ QCf) I~ Cf) cn+-lT 71.0 81.5 52.1 31 C>tl CJ) IR1 CfI ~ 29.0 18.5 47.9
CWJ~ctT~
Cf)1~dCf)I'< 7.9 8.7 6.6 ~Rli3~ ~ 77.6 74.& 84.0 41RqlRCfI ~ ~ 3.3 2.8 4.1 I ~ cn+-lT 11.2- 14.5 5.2 v - - ---~-- , xvii CENSUS OF INDIA 2001
FIGURES AT A GLANCE OF SCHEDULED CASTES Bihar Total Number of Districts 37 Total Number of Sub-Districts 533 Total Number of Villages 45,098 Total Number of Inhabited Villages 39,015 Total Number of Towns 130 Total Number of Statutory Towns 125 Persons Males Females Scheduled Castes population Total 13,048,608 6,784,676 6,263,932 Rural 12,178,555 6,321,221 5,857,334 Urban 870,053 463,455 406,598
Population (0-6 years) - 2,928,997 1,492,315 1,436,682 Litorates (7 years and above) 2,880,895 2,128,948 751,947 Total workers 5,185,835 3,335,636 1,850,199 Main workers 3,683,195 2,719,100 964,095 Marginal workers 1,502,640 616,536 886,104 Cultivators 411 ,995 289,961 122,034 Agricultural labourers 4,024,880 2,469,825 1,555,055 Household industry workers 169,802 93,785 76,017 Other workers 579,158 482,065 97,093
Sex ratio 923 Child sex ratio (0-6 age group) 963
Literacy rate 28.5 40.2 15.6 Work participation rate 39.7 49.2 29.5 . Percentage to total workers:
Main workers 71.0 81.5 52.1 Marginal workers 29.0 18.5 47.9 Categories of total workers ~Itivators 7.9 8.7 6.6 Agricultural labourers 77.6 74.0 84.0 Household industry workers 3.3 2.8 4.1 / - Other workers _..11-2- 14.5 5.2
xviii ~ qft \1I"1 JIOI"11 2001
311~Rld \i1 '1"11 Rl4i ij; ~ -qq; ~ it ~ ~~~-msm 37 ~\il:f~~~ 533 ~TficIT~oo-r 45,098 ~ ~ "&lfcffi ~ 1Brm 31 j'¢il d \Jj '"1 \Jj I RI ~) cBt \Jj '"1 xi 'L~ I 'lPT 758,351 393,114 365,237 m-41uT 717,702 371,009 346,693 ~ 40,649 22,105 18,544
\Jj'"1X"i&l1 (0-6 3IT4 Cf) I fC;t Cf) q)lff 107,398 38,970 68,428
Cf)1~dCf)I'< 73,050 51,321 21,729 ~RI~,< ~ 2.14,201 122,645 91,556 4IRqIRCf) ~ ~ 13,708 4,944 8,764 3R q)lff 41,659 29,101 12,558 ffi-~ 3fj4"Rl 929 fmJ fc,pr ~ (0-6 3IT~ ~ cpr ~RI~ld
en £! Cf) I fC;t Cf) ~ 68.7 81.3 49.2 31 c>4 Cf) I fC;t Cf) Cf>lfi 31,3 18.7 50.8
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Cf)1~dCf)I'< 21.3 24.7 16.1 ~RI~,< ~ 62.5 59.0 68.0 4IRqIRCf) ~ Cf>lfi 4.0 2:4 6.5 ~ q)lff 12.2 14.0 9.3 ,
- xix CENSUS OF INDIA 2001 FIGURES AT A GLANCE OF SCHEDULED TRIBES Bihar Total Number of Districts 37 Total Number of Sub-Districts 533 Total Number of Villages 45,098 Total Number of Inhabited Villages 39,015 Total Number of Towns 130 Total Number of Statutory Towns 125
Persons Males Females Scheduled Tribes population Total 758,351 393,114 365,237 Rural 717,702 371,009 346,693 Urban 40,649 22,105 18,544
Population (0-6 yecars) 155,184 78,594 76,590 Literates (7 years and above) 169,895 125,048 44,847 Total workers 342,618 208,01 f 134,607 Main workers 235,220 169,041 66,179' Marginal workers 107,398 38,970 68,428 Cultivators 73,050 51,321 21,729 Agricultural labourers 214,201 122,645 91,556 Household industry workers 13,708 4,944 8,764 Other workers 41,659 29,101 12,558
Sex ratio 929 . Child sex ratio (0-6 age group) 975
Literacy rate 28,2 39.8 15.5 Work participation rate 45.2 52.9 36.9 Percentage to total workers:
Main workers 68,7 81.3 49.2 Margiral workers 31,3 18.7 50.8 Categories of total workers Cultivators 21,3 24.7 16.1 Agricultural labourers 62,5 59.0 68.0 Household industry workers 4.0 2.4 6.5 Other workers '22 14.0 9.3
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xxiii Introduction The first census of the third millennium and twenty first century the Census of India, 2001 was the 14th continuous and uninterrupted Indian census since 1872. Thus, 2001 Census provides data on population and its characteristics marking transition from one century and millennium to another. The data would form the benchmark for framing of the welfare and development policies for billion plus people living in this country including 82,998,509 living in Bihar. The Census Act, 1948, forms. the basis for the conduct of population censuses in independent India. The Census of India, 2001 was conducted in two distinct but inter related phases: the first phase, the Houselisting Operation was conducted between April September, 2000 in different states and union territories as a prelude to the exercise of undertaking the decennial Population Census. Houselisting Operations was conducted in th th the Bihar from 15 May to 15 June 2000. The houselisting exercise provided the basis for uniform and unambiguous frame to undertake the Population Enumeration with the ultimate objective of achieving as full coverage as is humanly possible without any omission of an area or household. During this Houselisting Operation, data on housing conditions, amenities and assets available to the households were also collected. The second phase of census i.e. Population Enumeration, was undertaken between February, 9_28th 2001 (both days inclusive) with a revisional round from 1st to 5th March, 2001. The Census moment wa& 00.00 hours of _1 st March, 2001, the referral time at which the snapshot of the population of the country was taken. This was a departure from the earlier census tradition, as until the 1991 Census (except 1971), the sunrise of 1st March of the_ relevant Census year was the census moment. The enumeration of houseless population was carried out on th the night of February 28 , 2001. This gigantic operation (considered by many to be the single largest and complex peace time administrative exercise in the world) was'made possible due to the door to door universal canvassing of the Household Schedule by about 2 million enumerators and supervisors covering 593 districts, 5,463 tehsils (sub-districts), 5,161 towns and 638,588 villages at the national level. In Bihar Population Enumeration was carried out in the entire state covering 37 districts, 533 tehsils (sub districts), 130 towns and 45,098 vill~ges including remote and unaccesable ·areas. The comprehensive Household Schedule which replaced the individual slip canvassed at the 1991 Census, had three parts and two sides A and B. Part I contained the Location Particulars; Part II related to the Individual Particulars and Part III contained questions for Household engaged in Cultivation/Plantation (Annexure-II). The part II of the Household Schedule had 39 columns and 23 questions all of which were universally canvassed and no sampling was resorted to during enumeration.
To facilitate quick tabulation for bringing out Provisional Population Totals, provision for page totaling was made in the schedule itself for a few items, namely population, males, females, population aged 0-6 years by sex, literates, illiterates and workers and their categories by sex. The Provisional Population Totals were put in the public domain on 26th March, 2001 within three weeks of the completion of the enumeration providing the basic statistics of the population by sex. The Directorate of Census Operations, Bihar had released provisionar data at the district, sub-district and town levels for State through the publication of Paper I, II and III of Provisional Population Totals. All the provisional population totals released so far are also available on census website: http://www.censusindia.net
Data Processing ,- A quantum leap was made in the technology f~w.,ite processing the Census 2001 data both for Houselisting and Population_-- Enumer:ation. The Schedules for both the phases -----xxiv were scanned through high speed scanners in fifteen data centres across the country and hand~written data from the schedules were converted into digitized form through Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR) software for creation of ASCII records for further processing. The designing and formatting of the Household Schedule had to be done very carefully using specialized software so as to ensure uniformity, which was an essential pre.requisite for scanning. The selection of appropriate state-of-art technology in data processing has made it possible to produce all the Houselisting as well as Population Enumeration tables on full count basis for the first time in the history of Census. Quality Assurance After the data is processed, it is expedient on the part of the data producing agency to satisfy itself about its quality before putting the same in public domain. This has to be done mainly through the process of internal consistency, comparison with similar data in the past and also through validation with likewise data if available, from external sources. Quite often the local knowledge and perception has to be brought into play to understand both the existing and the new emerging trends of population distribution and characteristics. The other very important aspect of the data quality is to ensure complete coverage of all geographical areas especially for the population enumeration phase where the data is disseminated right up to the village level in the rural areas and the ward level in the urban areas. Thus ensuring the complete coverage and correct geographical linkage of each enumeration block was one of the major plan~s of the quality control, especially for small area population statistics. . There has been a major departure K1 Census 2001 from the past in respect of the procedure followed for finalization of the Scheduled Castes and tITe Scheduled Tribes population. In the earlier censuses, the total Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes populations were finalized at the time of the manual compilation of the Primary Census Abstracts at the Regional Tabulation Offices which were specially set up for this purpose. The individual Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes population for each state was finalized much later based on manual coding done by the coders. In 2001 Census, each individual Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribe have been' coded directly on the computers by the Data Entry Operators through a process known as Computer Assisted Coding (CAC) and taken up along with the processing of Primary Census Abstraqt data. The CAC process involves pulling down, from the relevant dictionary of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, on the computer screen and coding from the dictionary by referring to the image of the specific individual entry in the Household Schedule appearing on the screen. The CAC of the response on Religion wherever required, was also undertaken along with the processing of Primary Census Abstract. This is because the Scheduled Castes status had to be determined in relation to the religion of the individual. Two Special Task Forces, one on Religion and the other on Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes were constituted for scrutiny and appropriate classification of these responses. The entire work relating to the data validation and scrutiny was completed by the Directorate under the overall supervision and monitoring of the Censu!) Division of the Office of the Registrar General, India with active coop~ration and support of the Social Studies Division, Data Processing Divjsion, Data Dissemination Division and Map Division. The format of Primary Census Abstract has been restructured slightly in the 2001 Census. The nine-fold industrial classification of main workers given in the Primary Census Abstract of 1991 Census has been discontinued and in its place, four-fold induatrlal classification of both 'main workers' and 'marginal workers' are included. The "Primary Census Abstract-Total population" Table A-5, IQdia 2001 was released in July 2004 which besides population includes certain basic population cnaracterstics such as Scheduled Castes and'Scheduled Tribes population, literates, wlJrkers by categorie~LetG-
xxv at India, State, Union territory, District and Urban Agglomeration/City (with population 100,000 and above) It was for the first time at the 19S1 Census that the Primary Census Abstract was brought out for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes separately on the pattern of General Primary Census Abstract. This practice was continued in 1991 also. In the 1961 and 1971 Censuses, such data are available in Table C-VIII-Social and Cultural Tables and to some extent in the series 'Special Tables for Scheduled Casles and Scheduled Tribes'. Primary Census Abstracts of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population of 2001 Census have been presented in this publication as Table A-S and Table A-9 respectively. The Primary Census-Abstracts of Total Population Table A-5, Institutional Population Table A-6, Houseless Population Table A-7, Scheduled Castes Population Table A-S and Scheduled Tribe Population Table A-9 presented in this volume give basic information on the number of households, their population, population in the age group 0-6, literates, total workers, main workers and marginal workers and their four broad industrial categories, namely, (i) Cultivators, (ii) Agricultural labourers, (iii) Household Industry Workers and (iv) Other workers and also Non-workers. This data is presented at different levels, namely, state, districts, sub districts and towns for A-5, A-S & A-9 tables. For A-6 & A-7 tables the above information is provided up to the district level only. The data for each of these characteristics are presented by sex and rural-urban residence. It is for the first time the census is releasing socio-economic characteristics of institutional and houseless population as primary census abstract. The data given at the district level provides important population characteristics of these segments of population. It would be important for the data users to adopt a certain degree of caution while making analysis and drawing inferences. The concepts and definitions used in the census have to be carefully studied and issues related to the ground situations encountered during the canvassing of the Household Schedule have to be recognized in order to appreciate the limitation of the data collected in such a mammoth exercise. Although all humanly possible precautions were put in place, validation done, possibility of small processing errors cannot be totally ruled out. Though the data has to be understood in proper perspective, it must be clarified that in any case such -unintended errors, if any, should not affect any policy planning exercise or analysis. In addition to the basic Primary Census Abstract tables, this publication also includes a number of analytical statements on different segments of population such as total population, Scheduled Castes population, Scheduled Tribes population and general population i.e~ total population excluding Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes. These statements relate to descending order of population, percentage of population to total population in each category, percentage of population in the age group 0-6, sex ratio, child sex ratio in the age group O-Q, literacy rates, work participation rate, percentage of main & marginal workers, cultivators, agricultural labourers, household industry workers and other workers. These statements along with 'Figures at a glance' and data highlights provide an overview ot the key population characteristics of each segments of the population in the state. A list of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes notified by the Government of India in pursuance of Articles 341 & 342 of the Constitution of India for each State and Union territory is placed at Annexure-1a and 1b respectively.
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xxxiv Basic census concepts and definitions It is important for the data users to familiarize themselves with the concepts and the definitions of the terms used for proper appreciations of the data contained in this publication. At the same time, it is all the more important to understand the implications of the terms used at the Census of India 2001, for making meaningful comparisons of the similar data generated by various other agencies within the country and with the data produced by other countries in the world. The concepts and definitions adopted at the Census of In,Pia, 2001 are as given below:
01. Persons enumerated 02. Rural-Urban Ar~as 03. City 04. Household 05. Institutional Household 06. Houseless Household 07. Head of the Househola 08. Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes 09. Literates 10. Work 11. Main workers 12. Marginal workers 13. Cultivators 14. Agricultural Labourers 15. HOusehold Industry workers 16. Other workers 17. Non-workers 18. Sex ratio 19. Child Sex ratio (0-6 age group) 20. Literacy Rate 21. Work Participation Rate 22. Location Cooe Structure adopted in Census 2001 23. Abbreviations Used
Persons enumerated Generally speaking, persons who were present in the household during the entire period of enumeration or who were known to be usual-residents of the household and have stayed there for part of the enumeration period or who were not present at the time of visit of the enumerator but were expected to return by 28th February, 2001 were eligible to be enumerated. For the purpose of enumeration the following persons were enumerated in a household:
(i) All those who normally resided and were present in that household during the entire period of enumeration, Le. from 9th February to 28th February, 2001 (both days inclusive); (ii) Those who were known to be normally residing and had actually stayed durin~ a part of the enumeration period in the household -(9 th February to 28t February, 2001) but were not present at the time of the visit of enumerator. (iii) Also those who were known to be normally residiQg in the household and were not present at the time of the visit but expected to return by 28th February, 2001; / and
xxxv (iv) Visitors who were present in the household censused and ~xpected to be away from the place (s) of their usual residence during the entire enumeration period. For the purpose of enumeration such visitors were treated as normal residents of the household where they were actually found during the enumeration period provided they were not been enumerated elsewhere.
"- In Census, every person irrespective of age, sex, caste, creed, region, origin or religion is counted only once, without omission or duplication provided she/he satisfied the criteria of enumeration listed above. Foreigners who were expected to stay within the geographical limits of this country throughout the enumeration period were counted wherever they were found, if not enumerated elsewhere. Those foreigners who were expected to stay in India for a part of enumeration period were not eligible for enumeration. It may also be important to state that the foreigners and their families who were having diplomatic status were not enumerated. But Indian nationals employed and staying with them were enumerated.
Rural-Urban Areas The data in the table on Final Population Totals were presented separately for rural and urban areas. The unit of classification in this regard is 'town' for urban areas and 'village' for rural areas. In the Census of India 2001, the definition of urban area adopted is as follows: -
(a) All statutory places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc. (b) A place satisfying the following three criteria simultaneously: i) a minimum population of 5,000; ii) at least 75 per cent of male working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and . iii) a density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km. (1,000 per sq. mile).
For identification of places which would qualify to be classified as 'urban' all villages, which, as per the 1991 census had a population of 4,000 and above, a population density of 400 persons per sq. km. and having at least 75 per cent of male working population engaged 'in non-agricultural activity were considered. To work out the proportion of male working population referred to above against b) (ii), the data relating to main workers were taken into account.
An Urban Agglomeration is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths (OGs) or two or more physically contiguous towns together and any adjoining -urban outgrowths of such towns. Examples of OGs are railway colonies, university campuses, port areas, etc., that may come up near a city or statutory town outside itS'statutory limits but within the revenue limits of a village or villages contiguous to the town or city. ,Each such individual area by itself may not satisfy the minimum population limit to qualify it to be treated as an independent urban unit but may deserve to be clubbed with the town as a continuous urban spread.
For the purpose of delineation of Urban Agglomerations during Census of India 2001, following criteria are taken as pre-requisites: (a) The core town or at least one of the constituent towns of an urban agglomeration Should rrecessarily be a statutory town; and (b) The total population of all the constitu~owns and outgrowths) of an Urban Agglomeration should not be lessj_baA-2fr,OOO tas per the 1991 Census). With these two - _-- xxxvi basic criteria having been met, the following are the possible different situations in which Urban Agglomerations would be constituted: (i) a city or town with one or more contiguous outgrowths; (ii) two or more adjoining towns with their outgrowths; and (iii) a city and one or more adjoining towns with their outgrowths all of which form a continuous spread.
City Towns with population of 100,000 and above are called cities.
Household A 'household' is usually a group of persons who normally live together and take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevent any of them from doing so. Persons in a household may be related or unrelated or a mix of both. However, if a group of unrelated persons live in a census house but do not take their meals from the common kitchen, then they are not constituent of a common household. Each such person was to be treated as a separate household. The important link in finding out whether it was a household or not was a common kitchen. There may be one member households, two member households or multi-member households.
A household with at least one Scheduled Caste member is treated as Scheduled Caste Household. Similarly, a household havi~g at least one Scheduled Tribe member is treated as a Scheduled Tribe household. .
Institutional household A group of unrelated persons who live in an institution and take their meals from a common kitchen is called an Institutional Household. Examples of Institutional Households are boarding houses, messes, hostels, hotels, rescue homes, jails, ashrams, orphanages, etc. To make the definition more clearly perceptible to the enumerators at the Census 2001, it was specifically mentioned thal' this category of households would cover only those households where a group of unrelated persons live in an institution and share a common kitchen.
"Mouseless households Households who do not live in buildings or c~Ilsas-h{)aSes but 1ive in the open on roadside, pavements, in hum~..--JJflctet=-try:Overs and staircases, or in the open in places of worship, mgoGapS,!=ailway platforms, etc. are treated as Houseless households.
Head of the household The head of household for census purposes is a person who is recognised as such by the household. She or he is generally the person who bears the chief responsibility for managing the affairs of the household and takes decision on behalf of the household. The head of household need not necessarily be the oldest male member or an earning member, but may be a female or a younger member of either sex. In case of an absentee de jure 'Head' who is not eligible to be enumerated in the hoysehold, the person on whom the responsibility of managing the affairs of household rests was to be regarded as the .head irrespective whether the person is male or female.
Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Article 341 of the Constitution provides that the President may, with'respect to any State or Union territory, specify the castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within castes, races or tribes which shall for the purposes of the Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Castes in relation to that State or Union territory. Similarly, Article 342 provides for specification of tribes or tribal communities. or parts of or groups\within tribes_- grJriBar xxxvii communities which are deemed to be for the purposes of the Constitution the Scheduled Tribes in relation to that State or Union territory. In pursuance of these provisions, the list of Scheduled Castes and / or Scheduled Tribes are notified for each State and Union territory and are valid only within the jurisdiction of that State or Union territory and not outside.
It is important to mention here that under the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950, no person who professed a religion different from Hinduism was deemed to be a member of a Scheduled Caste in addition to every member of the Ramdasi, Kabirpanthi, Majhabi or Sikligar caste resident in Punjab or Patiala and East Punjab States Union were in relation to that State whether they professed the Hindu or the Sikh religion. Subsequently, in September, 1956., by an amendment, the Presidential Order of 1950 and in all subsequent Presidential Orders relating to Scheduled Castes, the population professing the Hindu and the Sikh religions were placed on the same footing with regard to their inclusion as Scheduled Castes. Later on, as per the amendment made in the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order 1990, the Hindu, the Sikh and the Buddhist professing population were placed on the same footing with regard to the recognition of the Scheduled Castes.
For finalizing the list of Schedule Castes/Scheduled Tribes notified in each State/Union territory, all the constitutional amendments that have taken place prior to the conduct of 2001 census were taken into account. Since there is no Scheduled Castes list for the state of Nagaland and the Union territories of Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep; and no Scheduled Tribes list for the States of Haryana and Punjab and the Union territories of Chandigarh, Delhi and Pondicherry, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population figures are furnished for only the relevant category in respect of these States and Union territories.
The instructions to the enumerators for recording the individual responses on religion and the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled tribes were more or less the same as in the past censuses. Each enumerator was provided with a notified list of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in respect of his/her State/Union territory. The religion for each individual was first of all determined. Then it was ascertained from the respondent for each individual whether she or he belonge(j to a Scheduled caste or a Scheduled Tribe through Question NO.8 & 9 of the Household Schedule. If in reply to either of this question, the answer was in the affirmative, the name of caste / tribe to which the individual belonged was ascertained. If the name of caste / tribe returned by the respondent appeared in the approved list for the state the enumerator was expected to treat the individual, as belonging to Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe ana record the appropriate entry. A list of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes notified by the Government of India in pursuance of Articles 341 & 342 of the Constitution of India for each State and Union territory is placed at Annexure-Ia and lb.
Literates A person aged 7 years and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language has; been taken as literate. It is not necessary for a person to have received any formal education or passed any minimum educational standard for being treated as literj:1te. People who were blind and could read in Braille are treated literates ..
A person, who can neither read nor write or can only read but cannot write in any language, is treated as illiterate. All children of age 6 years or less, even if going to school and have picked up reading and writing, are treated as_--- ill~rate.
xxxviii Work Work is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit. Such -participation may be physical and/or mental in nature. Work involves not only actual work but also includes effeCtive supervision and direction of work. It even includes part time help or unpaid work on farm, family enterprise or in any other economic activity. All persons engaged in 'work' as defined above are workers. Persons who are engaged in cultivation or milk production even solely for domestic consumption are also treated as workers.
Reference period for determining a person as worker and non-worker is one year preceding the date of enumeration. Main workers Those persons who had worked for the major part of the reference period (Le. 6 months or more) are termed as Main workers. Marginal workers Those persons who had worked for less than 6 months during reference period are termed as Marginal workers. Cultivators For purposes of the census a person is classified as -cultivator if he or she is engaged in cUltivation of land owned or held from Government or held from private persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or share. Cultivation includes effective supervision or direction in cultivation. A person who has given out her/his land to another person or persons or institution (s) for cultivation for money, kind or share of crop and who does not even supervise or direct cultivation of land, is not treated as cultivator. Similarly, a person working on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or a combination of both (agricultural labourer) is not treated as' cultivator.
Cultivation involves ploughing, sowing, harvesting and production of cereals and millet crops such as wheat, paddy, jowar, bajra, ragi, etc., and other crops such as sugarcane, tobacco, ground-nuts, tapioca, etc., and pulses, raw jute and kindred fibre crop, cotton, cinchona and other medicinal plants, fruit growlng~ vegetable-growing or keeping orchards or groves, etc. Cultivation does not include gdw'ing of the following plantation crops - tea, coffee, rubber, coconut and betel-nuts (areca). Agricultural labourers A person who works on another person's land for wages in money or kind or share is regarded as an agricultural labourer. She or he has no risk in the cultivation, but merely works on another person's land for wages. An agricultural labourer has no right of ~ease or contract on land on which she/he works. Household industry workers Household Industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the household at home or within the village in rural areas and only. within the precincts of the house where the household lives in urban areas. The larger proportion of workers in the household industry consists of members of the ,household. The industry is not run on the scale of a registered factory which would qualify or has to be. registered under the Indian Factories Act.
The main criterion of a Household industry even in urban ar:,eas is the participation of one or more members of'a household. Even if the industry iSlnot actually located at home in rural areas there is a greater possibility of the members of, the household participat~g__ever(
xxxix ·if it is located anywhere within the village limits. In the urban areas, where organized industry takes greater prominence, the Household Industry is confined to the precincts of the house where the participants live. In urban areas, even if the members of the household run an industry by themselves but at a place away from the precincts of their home, it is not considered as a Household Industry .. It should be located within the precincts of the house where the members live in the case of urban areas.
Household Industry relates to production, processing, servicing, repairing or making and selling (but not' merely selling) of goods. It does not include professions such as a Pleader, Doctor, Musician, Dancer, Waterman, Astrologer, Dhobi, Barber, etc., or merely trade or business, even if such professions, trade or services are run at home by members of the household. Foodstuffs, Beverages, Tobacco Products, Textile cotton, Textile Jute, Wool or Silk, Textile Miscellaneous, Manufacture of Wood and Wood Products, Paper and Paper Products, Printing and Publishing, Leather and Leather Products, Rubber, Petroleum and Coal Products, Chemical and Chemical Products, Non-metallic Mineral Products-other than Pertroleum and Coal, Basic Metals and their Products, Machinery and Transport Equipments, etc.
Other workers All workers, i.e., those who have been engaged in some economic activity during the las1 one year, but are-not cultivators or agricultural labourers or in Household Industry, are 'Other workers (OW)'. The type of workers that come under this category of 'OW' include all government servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those workers other than cultivators or agricultural labourers or household industry workers, are 'Other workers'.
Non-workers A person who did not work at all during the reference period was treated as non worker. The non-workers broadly constitute:
Students who did not partiCipate in any economic activity paid or unpaid; . household duties who were attending. t{rdaityno'usehold chores like cooking, cleaning utensils, looking after ~.hiLdren, fetChing water etc. and are not even helping in the unpaid work in the family farm or cultivation or milching; dependant such as infants or very elderly people not included in the category of worker; pensioners those who are drawing pension after retirement and are not engaged in any economic activity; beggars, vagrants, prostitutes and persons having unidentified source of income and those with unspecified sources of subsistence and not engaged in any economically productive work during the reference period and others, this category includes all Non-workers and Marginal workers who may not come under the above categories such as rentiers, persons living on remittances, agricultural or non-agricultural royaltY,interest or divident, convicts in jails or inmates of penal, mental or charitable institutions doing no paid work and persons who are seeking/available for work.
Sex ratio Sex ratio has been- defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population. It is expr~ssed as 'number offemaLes per 1000 males'.
Number of females Sex-ratio= x 1000 Number of males
xl Child sex ratio (0-6 years) Child Sex-ratio (0-6 years) has been defined as the number of females in age-group 0-6 years per 1000 males in the same age-group in the population. It is expressed as 'number of female children age (0-6) years per 1000 male children age (0-6) years'. Number of female children (0-6 age group) Child Sex-ratio (0-6 years)= x 1000 Number of male children (0-6 age group) Literacy rate Literacy rate of population is defined as the percentage of literates to the total population age 7 years and above.
Number of Literates Literacy rate = x 100 Population age 7+
Work participation rate Work partiCipation rate is defined as the percentage of total workers (main and marginal) to total population.
Total workers (Main+Marginal) Work participation rate - x 100 Total Population
Location code structure adopted in Census 2001
In th e Census 2001 teoh t II oWing oca f Ion co de st ruc ture has been ad ople t d Area Number of digits State/ Union territories Two digits (within the country) District Two digits (within the state/ut) Sub-district (Tehsil) Four digits (within the disJrict) " Village Eight digits (wjthiR th'Efstate/ut), Town Eight-digitStwithin the district) Four digits (within the town) Ward /
The general pattern fC51lOwed in coding of any geographical unit was a serpentine one, beginning from the North-west corner and completing at the farthest South-east corner within the defined higher level of the geographical hierarchy. In so Tar as the State/Union territory is concerned Jammu & Kashmir has code number 01 and code number 35 has been allotted to Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Generally the administrative jurisdiction below a district is a sub-district, for example Tehsil or Taluk. However, in certain States and Union territories exceptions had to be made since the nomenclature for SUb-districts is not uniform throughout the country. For example, in Orissa Police station is the sub-district, in West Bengal it is the Community Development Block and so on.
After the completion of Houselisting -operation, three new states namely, Uttaranchal, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand were created in November, 2000 barely three months before the commencement of Population Enumeration. These St~te's were carved out of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar respectively. Thjs resulted in redoing of the coding exercise in all toe jurisdictional units of these six aff~cted\states.
xli In Assam, Mizoram and Orissa there are a few sub-districts which cut across the district jurisdictions. In such situations the sub-districts have been provided a separate series of code numbers vi::.... 0090, 0091 etc.
One of the major initiatives taken in the Census 2001 was the allotment of Permanent Location Code Number (PLCN) to each and every village within the State and not within a tahsil as in the earlier censuses. PLCN was thus assigned as one continuous number from the first village in the first district to the last village in the last district. PLCN is an eight digit unique location code number with the first six digits representing the code number of the village and the last two digits depicting two zeros '00'. These zeros are reserved as buffer to be used for coding any new village (s) that may come up between two villages in future. For example, if a new village comes up between two villages with PLCNs 01254600 and 01254700, the new village will be allotted PLCN 01254601 and so on.
The location code number for a town is also an eight digit number starting with the digit 4 situated at the extreme left acting as the unique identifier. The next two digits depict the code number of the district in which the town falls followed by two digits representing the town serial number in the district. There are three zeros at the end as buffer mainly to meet the requirement of bringing the number of digits to eight to match the number of digits in the PLCN fm the villages. Thus a town location code number 40305000 represents the town serial number 5 of the district number 03 io a State. The out-growths of towns have not been given any independent location code numbers. These have been given notional ward codes after the last ward code of the respective towns to which these OGs relate to. Abbreviations Used Abbreviations of civic status of cities or towns: C.~. - Cantonment Board/Cantonment C.M.C. - City Municipal Council E.O Estate Office G.P. - Gram Panchayat I.N.A. - Industrial Notified Area I.T.S. - Industrial.Tovynship M. Municipality,T M.B. - Municipal Board. M.C. - Municipal Committee M.C!' Municipal Council M.Corp.- Municipal Corporation/Corporation N .A. - Notified Area N.A.C. - Notified Area Committee/Notified Area Council N.P. - Nagar Panchayat N.T. - Notified Town N.T.A. - Notified Town Area S.T.C. - Small Town Committee T.C. - Town CommitteelTown Area Committee T.M.C.- Town MuniCipal Council T.P. - Town 'Panchayat T.S. - Township C.T. - Census Town U.A. - Urban Agglomeration O.G. - Out Growth / * Newly created district after 1991 ASUS ** Newly created sub-district 1991 Census ---xlii 1991 \Jj.,110111 ~ 31:f!R ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -q 42 ~ ~ 1 ~, 2000 -q ~ ~ 13 ~ CI?T !!QlCli" CR ~ ~I~'<]O~ ~ cpr ~ fcom T[(:ff I ~ ~ 9)1 J161 ~ ~ ~ "# 2001 \Jj1 110111 ~ x=r=r<:r 37~, 533 w,fcl,~ 3lR 130 mR ~ ~ 125 ~ mR ~ 5 \Jj"1 110111 mR ~ %I ~ .f llTcti ctt ~ 45,098 %, fGRB 39,015 fflxrit ~ 1
\11"'1 '<1{'<4 I 2001 \Jj1 1101.,1 ~ ~ ~ ctt WC'f \Jj.,ti'LcZ1l 82,998,509 ~ ~ 43,243,795 ~ ~ 39,754,714 ~ ~I crWrR ~ ~ ~ 1991 \Jj1 1101"11 -q ~ ctt ~ \Jj1"l1&11 64,530,554 ~'I ~ \Jj1ti'LcZ1l ~ fumvr ~ \3"m ~ ~ ligl'!l~ ~ "6ITG ~ cpr cft"l:m 31fucp 3Tf5TTCft 'CJlC>fT ~ %1 ~ ~ ctt ~ \Jj1ti&11 cpr 89,5 11fmTq ~ m<:ftuT ~ -q ~ ~ %~ 10,5 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -q ~ %~ ~ -q lJll1ToT 3Tf5TTCft cpr ~ %1
2001 iJI'i1101'i1 ~ 31:f!R 273,836 ~ ~ ~ if ~ CfiX W ~ ~ 1991 \Jj.,JI OI11 -q m~ qRcll\(l -q 170,412 ~ ~ ~ I Tl: 1991 \Jj1 110111 -q GGf 35,355 it"ER ClIFcRi~'j ctt "\JfJT6 2001 \Jj1 110141 -q 42,498 it"ER ~ ~ 1 ~ m ~ ~ it"ER c:FIT m ctt \Jj"1ti'LcZ1l -q 1991 ~ CFRT -q 2001 -q ~ GGf Cl'>'1
31"j'tdild ~ \1I"'1'<1{'<41 • 2001 \Jj"PI OI11 ~ ~ ~ cBT ~ iJl1"li'LcZ1l cpr 15,7 ~ 3i'j)~d ~ cBT \Jj1 ti'LcZ1 I %\Jlll991 \J11 1101"11 -q GGf 15,5 ~ ~ ~ am %I ~ ~ 3R1lfu 3i'j)~Ci ~ Cl'>'1 29,6 ~ \Jj1ti&11 ~ W~ Tfm fGrc;rr cpr ~ \("~ ~ ~ Pcb~I" 1i Gi -q 31'j)~ d ~ cpr ~ cp11 ~6,6~%1
311~d \1I"'1\11IR1 \1I"'1tk~1 \Jj"1 110111 2001 ~ ~ ~ -q WC'f \Jj.,ti'LcZll cpr 0,9 ~ 31~Ci \Jj1\J11R1 %, ~ 1991 Gi1 110111 -q '4T <:ffi" 0,9 ~ ~ ~ -gr ~ I ~ ~ ~ Cbfh!l'! -q 31'j)'<"j\fi1d \Jj1\JjIRi ctt Gi1ti'LcZll ~ 5,9 ~ %~ ~ fGrc;n -q ~ cp11 0,0 ~ GGf fcRrr'Tfm %1 c; ill c6) II cf.a Q"l1 CJ15iT ~ ~ "# ~ Cl'>'1 \Jj.,ti'LcZ1l -q 18,467,955 ctt ~ m~ ~ 4RollliX"'1 CFRT ctt ~ \Jll ~ -q 1991-2001 ~ GR-R ~~!Cj'Jl'4 ~ -q ciIl'doi1 ~ ~ 5Tcfi ~I 1991-2001 if GGf 21,5 ~ ~ ~ GX ~ ~ Cl'>'1 CJft& ~ ~ ~I
\1I"'1'<1{'<41 em ~ 2001 \J11 1101"11 ~ ~ ~ ctt \J1"1 "l1'LcZlI cpr ~ 881 ~ ~ Pcb(>llsnc:x %~ 1991 if lI41c:x if 196 ClIFcffi4i ctt CJft& ~ %I ~ ~ ~ '1478 ~ J;rRi" Pcb(>lNk'! ~ W~ ~ ~ q.fI ~ 'CJlC>fT fGrc;n %I ~ ~ ~ (1474) "Ci"~ 11~ (1446) cpr ~ 3ffiIT %~ Pcb~I"1li\Jj fGrc;n -q GGf 383 ~ ~ Pcb (>ll.-fl c:x ~ cp[XUT ~ cp11 tAT ~ Cffi'fT fGrc;n) I
~11l141d , 2001 Gi"1 1101"11 it ~ ~ C{5T fc::!11I'j)4ICi ~ 5GlN ~"4X 919 m-m ~ ~ 1991 ~\Jj1:::rTlTTTTI01::JT11 -q '1 ~ ~_- tL xliii 2001 \1I"PIOHI ~ ~ ~ ~ fucrR cpr f(:j111i41d ~ "103"1 3ftx:rR cpr ~ Cfi11 872 tl f(:j111i41d ~ 3lTtrR 1:R ~ GFn ~ cpr m 1991 \1I"P 10 1"'1 1 ~ '4T~: 1017 ~ 856 cf> ~ -m<:r: ~ ~I
~ ~ lR 3lj'!!~d \JfTf(r \11 "'1 fi'L<41 cpr ~111i41d 923 t vfr 1991 \11"'1 1101"'11 ~ ~ 912 ctT ~ ~ ~ t I 200"1 \111 1101"11 ~ c:'RR ~ ~ ~ 3liX~d \JfTf(r \1I1fi~1 ~ ~llljqld ~ 1012 ftrcrR ~ cpr t ~~ ~ Cfi11 875 'B111<'lgx ~ CJiT t I 2001 \11"'1 1101"'11 ~ ~ ~ lR 3li~d \1I"1\11lffl cpr ~llli4ld 929 t ~ "1991 \11"1 1101"'11 ~ ~1~~1Ilj4kl (0-6) 2001 \11"'1 1101"'11 ~ ~ ~ \11 1 xi'L<41 CJiT ~1~~1Ili4Id 942 t vfr 2001 ~ ~ ~ 3l'Rm 927 ctT ~ ~ ~ tT xNIt\··l'l;Q tim '4T ~ ~ 1991 \11"'1 1101"'11 ~ ~ 3l'Rm 953 ctT ~ ~ Cfi11 "S3lT t I 2001 \11"1 1101"'11 ~ 3liX~d \JfTf(r CJiT ~1~~1Ili4Id 963 t ~ 3lifj\fiJd \1I"1\11lffl CJiT 975 t I
fV1C'lICllx fcrtnx m 1:R 2001 \111 110 1"11 ~ "fClTGT ~ cpr ~ ~ ~1~~1Ili41i;1 978 t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Cfi11 ~lll'j)qld 912 ~ ~ TfllT t I 3l'j)~d \JfTf(r-~ ~ ~ "fClTGT 'fV1c;rr CJiT ~ ~I ~~ lllj4 1d 101 4 t ~ ~ 'fV1c;rr ~ ~ Cfi11 ~ 1~~ III 'j)4 1d 925 1:fTlTT TfllT t I 3l'j)fJI~d \1I"1\11IRl ~ ~ ~ \!5PII~;Q1 ~ ~ ~ ~1~~11l'j)4Id 1139 1:fTlTT 7flIT t 3ftx ~ ~ ~ ~ Cfi11 500 ~llljqld 1:fTlTT Tfm t ~ q')R'Uf 'fiWr ~ 'fV1c;rr ~ 3l'j)X!~d \1I"1\11lffl cpr ~ Cfi11 1:fTlTT '\ilRT t I
0-6 3lT1j ~ if fmj G1'"1ti('GlII CJ)J ~ ~ 1991 \1I1 l10 1"11 ~ ~ ~ \11"1 xi'L<4 1 ~ 2.C11 ~ ~ \11 "1fi'L<4 1 ~ ~ 2001 ~ 0-6 3lT2001 \11"1 110 1"11 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \11 "1 fi'L<4 1 cpr ~ ~ 22.2 ~ fCp~I"'11j\1l 'fV1c;rr CJiT t 3ltx 1'R cpr ~ Cfi11 18. 1 ~ %I 31 iX!fiJ d "\il"Iftr ~ ~ ~ 0-6 ~ ~ cBT ~ \11 "1 fi'L<41 CJiT ~ ~ 24. 8 ~ ~ CJiT t 3ftx ~ Cfi11 20. 0 ~ :rR 'fV1c;rr CJiT t I 31 i~d \11"1\111 ffl 23.4 ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ 'fV1c;rr ~ ~~ ~ Cfi11 7. 6 ~ Wi«ngx 'fV1c;rr ~ t I m~GX 2001 \11"1 1101"11 ~ ~ 1lffif ~ ~~ G'{ 64.8 mm-m t ~ 1991 \11"1 110 1"11 ~ ~~ GX 52.2 ~ ~ I ~ 1991 \1I"Il10111 c6T 3lirm 2001 \1I"1 l10111 ~ ~ c6T ~~ G'{ ~ 12.6 ~ ctT ~ ~ ~ tl ~~ ~ ~ ~ 200"1 \11"'1 1101"11 ~ G'RR ~ ~ Cfi11 m 47.0 ~ ~ancn G'{ ~ ~~ ~ Cfi11 ~a-R x(~ 1991 \11"1 1101"11 ~ (ffi ~ancn
xliv ~ 37.5 ~ G"\Jf cp't ~ ~I 1991 ~ 2001 GATIJi'i l IOHI31T '4 ~'~ ~ ~ x=i"Cl' ~ ~ '4 ~ ~ C'Plldl,{"3ifuq ~ -qx 6i,{Cb,{I,{ t I
~ cp't lJi'ilIOI'i1 200'1 t ~ 3ljtffild ~ cp't W~ ~ 28.5 ~ % ~ 31 jtffil d \iFf ~ cp't W8R"dT ~ 28. 2 ~ t I ~ cp't lJi"p '1 0 1"11 '4 ~ ~ -qx IJi "1 fi 'Cell 1 t ~ ~ cp't Wffi"d1 Gt~: 18.4 ~ ~ 18.9 ~ ~I cfc& ~ ~ ~ '4 WOOlT qR1~<01 ~~IJOJ(>1Cj "CbT ~ ~ ~ t I
~ '4 '4C"1l ~ cp't W&-ffifT ~ ~ ~ it ~ ~ 62.9 ~ t ~ fCIJ~l'ili01 ~ cp't ~ Cf)l1 31.1 ~ WOOlT ~ t I
~ ~ ffi 'ffi&Rm 2001 '11'""1 l10I1I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 'ffi~ 75.2% ~ 'CfCf Bft ~ 53.7% ~ I \iIT ~ ~ IN ~-'f?ft ~ ~ rn em 21.5% ~ -q QG~ld ~ ~ I 2001 \iFPI OI1I -q ftffiR cn't ~-ffi 'ffi~ ~ ~: 59.7% 'CfCf 33.1 % t I fWr cnr ~ 26.6% 3fcp t I
2001 \iFllI 01'"11 'B 24.6% fWr ~ ~ ~ ~ 'B 3lj'!!fiId ~ cnr ~-ffi WaRCn Wlm: 40.2% ~ 15.6% ~ I 3lj~d \i1'"1\i1IR1 ~ ~ 'B ~-Bft ~ ~ 24.3 ~ ~~ 1991 \i1'"1lI0HI 'B Cf\if 30.6% ~ ~ ~ ~ -q 2001 \i1'"1lI01'"11 ~ ~ ~ \i1'"1'!i'Sc<:j1 'B ~ ~ 33.7% ~ I 2001 \i1'"1lI01'i1 ~ ~ 3lj'!!fild \ifrfd" 'B 39.7% 'CfCf 3lj~d \i1'"1\i1IR1 ~ 45.2% \i1'"1'!i'Sc<:j1 Cf>lff ~ I "
~ ~ 3Rflfu ~ fGrc;rr -q ~ ~ cnr ~ 44.8% Cf>lff ~ 3l'R "'!1TXUT fGrc;rr -q ~ Cf)ll 26.5% ~ ~ I 3lj'!!Rld "\J1Tfu ~ ~ 'B 2001 \i1'i lIOHI ~ ~ 49.6% ~ ~ ~-~ ~ ~ ~ IN t ~ 32.3% ~ ~ X1RUT ~ qillGI'i IN ~ I 3lj'!!fiId \i1'"1\i11 RI~-~ ~WftGI;ft ~ 2001 \i1'"1lI01'"11 ~ c:'RR ~ \i1'"1'!i'Sc<:jI, 3lj'!iRld ~ 'CfCf 3lj'<"j\RId \i1'"1\i1IR1 cnr ~ ~ ~ Wlm: 47.4%, 49.2% ~ 52.9% ~ I~ 1991 \i1'"1lI01'"11 'B ~ cnr2001 \iI'"1l10111 ~ ~ ~ ~ 3Rflfu 52.7% ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ H::f¢:-crr~I'"1=r-Tiljf-:-::r\i1 cnr ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ llTt 'It t ~ \~ Cf)ll QRI~ld (41.5%) ~ ~ 'B "G"\if cn't'~ ~I 3lj'!!fiId \ilIRI xlv ~ fGrc;rr cBT ~ CTm WcrA ~ -s{ ~ ~ (42.6o/ai ~ ~ -cwfr ~ ~ I 3lj~i~d \J11\J1IRl4i -s{ ~ ~ ~ 71.0% ~ W2l ~-PH~n~x ~ cpr ~ ~ ~ ~ ~lJ\'lNllj ~ (41.9%) Cf>T 'X-m1" ~ ~ ~ I x:?ft~~ 2001 \JHlIOI11 t ~ fBr:n ~ 3l1fficp-nnm ~ -q ~ "iJ1"R qrcq 1l1~IGI1 'fl tal ~ d m Cf>T fcMtr m ~ -rrm ~ I "ffi2l ~ ~ q 1Rq If~ Cb ~, ~ ~ tffi \jfiIT CfR1T, ~ ~, ~/~ ~, ~~, C'1113lxfil,?l -q fmllill CfR1T, ~ 6FlT1l, ~ ~, ~ ~ ~ m Cf>T CWl ~ ~ 3l"~ ~ ~ mLG ~ CWl cnT ~ ~ "FcPT 'fl]RT ~ 'lm ~ 1991 \J11 l10111 "If ~ ~ ~ ~ cR UG~ld c5t ~ ~I ~ qfQ ulllifq'{1iL 1991 B GGf· ffi ~ ~ 11.8% B ~ ~ ~ 2001 \J11 l1U111 "If 18.8% ID TIt t I 2001 \JI1 ll0111 -q 3lj~i~d \J1IRlm cp't ffi CBTT ~ URl~ld 37.3% tl ~ ffi CfiiimT Cf>T ~ cp11 !>IRl~ld ~ ~ -q 9.8% if ~ "FcPT ~ !>I Rl~ld 46.5% "0f fcpm 'lm %, \if6rfcp ~ fGR;rr if ~ cp11 !>IRl~ld 16.2% "QTlJ1 71T !>IRl~ld 53.3% "0f fcpm T ~ cp11 ~ 3.5% ~ ~ if 0if fcpm 11m t I cfiUCflIR;tCfl ~ ~ 2001 \J1"i lIOI"i1 ~ G'RR wcvr \J11'<"11!O.-c<:j1, 3lj~~d ~ ~ 3lj~i~d \JI"i\JIIRi ~ ~ ~ ~ if ~ q#p:ff Cf>T _~ ~: 75.3%, 71.0% ~ 68.7% "0f ~ T ~ fcM"q Cf)R\Tf 31 ~ Cfll R;t Cf) Cf>1ff 2001 \JI"ilIOI"i1 ~ G'RR wcvr ~ if 3lc>qCf)I~Cb ~ Cf>T !>Ifd~ld 24.7% t, ~ 1991 \JI"ilIOI"i1 it 4.8% 3lc>qCf)I~Cb ~. GVf fcrKrr -rrm 2lT I "Tl: 2001 \J1"i l IOI11 if 29.0% 31 j~1fiI d ~ "If ~ 31.4 % 31 c>q Cb 1~ Cf) ClJllf 3lj'IRi~ld ~: 4.6% ~ 7.2% GVf fcpm 'lm 2lT I ~ WPR 1991 \JI"i l10111 ctt WRf -q 2001 \JI'i l lOI1I ~ ~ 3l(l'qCbI~Cb cnflrCf)1~dCf)l~ 1991 \JI"i llUI1I "If GVf 4 i .0% CbI~dCbI\!'j ~ ~ !>IRl~ld if Cf)lfi 3l"R ~ CBRUT 2001 \JI"i II °l"i I ~ G'RR 32.2 % m-rrm SI 31 'j)'<~ d urrftj/-q_)lil~d"i$1 {i Cf>T 3fR:rc:r 8.7 % S, ~
xlvi 3l'j{iRld \Jl'i\i1.1R1 # 23.9% ~ I 1991 \i1'i l IOI'i1 # ~ GFIT ~ ~ ~ ?l 12.1 % ~ 31.2% G\1f ~ .m ~ I
~~ 2001 \i1'i 1101'i1 # ~ ~ # ~Rlt\'I! ~ Cf)f !>IRI~ld 42.9% ~ I \i1) 1991 \i1'i I IOHI # G\1f 43.2% ~ Cf)11 ~ I "Tf: 3l'jx"j\RId "\ilTfu ~ ~ A ~ 75.4% ~ 3li~d \i1'i\i1IR1 ~ ~ # ~ 60.9% cp+ff ~Rlt\'I! ~ ~ ~ # Cf)14'1!d ~ I 1991 \i1'i I IOHI # <:ffi" !>IRl~ld ~ ~ ~: 79.2% ~ 61.0% ~ I ~ ~ # ~ # ~: 3lixifild ~ ~ 3ljxiRJd \i1'1\JlIRI ~ ~ ~ Cf>lfi ~Rlt\'I! ~ ~ I ¥: 2001 \Jl'i1101'i1 ~ 3l"jX1R 75% ~ ~ ~ CJ>llT "lfT q) Cfj 1~d Cf) 1'I! 312TCIT ~ RI t\ 'I! ~ ~ I ~ {OJ R>1 ~ ~ Cf)f 31Tfficn ifm ~ ~~~#~~I q IR eli RCf) \ffiTrr Cf>lff 2001 \i1'i IIOHI ~ 3l"jX1R ~ # 4IRC1IRCf) ~ Cf)f !>IRI~ld 3.6% ~ I \i1) 1991 \Jl'i110HI -if G\1f 1.6% ~ ~ ~ I 2001 \iI'1II?I:"11 -if 3.2% 3lj,{~d \Jflfu ~ ~ 3ljXiRId \i1'i\i1IRl -if 2.7% CJ>llT 41RcllRCf) ~ Cf>lfi t ~ 1991 \Jl'i1101'i1 -if <:ffi"~: 1.5% ~ 0.7% ~ I ~ ~ 2001 \i1'i 1101'i1 ~ ~ ~ Cb'T \Jl'i'!i'Lc<11 ~ x=rtT ~ if 4IRC1IRCf) \3UTrT CfjIf14t -if \j~1!!l4)4 ~ ~ ~ I
3RT Cf>lff 2001 01'i 1101'11 if ~ ~ "4X ~ ~ Cf)f ~ 21.4% ~ "\i1T 1991 \i1'i 1101'i1 if G\1f 7.1 % ~ \jc41'!5i4);Q ~ ~ ~ ~ I 2001 \if'iIIOHI if 3lt<"j\RId \JfTfff ~ 12.7% ~ ~ ~, ~ ~jxiRJd \i1'i\i1IR1 ~ 12.6% ~ CJ>llT ~ I 1991 \J1''1 1101'i1 ~ 3Tj'{1R ~ GFIT ~ # ~ ~ Cf)f ~ l1T5i 7.2% ~I
xlvii Data highlights The erstwhile composite state of Bihar consisting of 42 districts as per 1991 Census was bifurcated by transferring 13 districts to form a new state of Jharkhand in November, 2000. After the reorganization of the state, Bihar consists of 37 districts, 533 sub districts and 130 towns including 125 statutory towns and 5 census towns at the 2001 Census. The number of villages in the state is 45,098 out of which 39,015 ar-e inhabited.
Population According to 2001 Census, the total population of the state is 82,998,509 persons consisting of 43,243,795 males and 39,754,714 females. As per present jurisdiction, total population of the state in 1991 Census was 64,530,554 persons. Bihar is the third most populous state in India after Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra. The state has predominant rural characteristics of population as 89.5 per cent of the total population is residing in the rural areas and 10.5 percent in the urban areas of the state.
According to 2001 Census, 273,836 persons are living in Institutional households against 170,412 persons in 1991. Further, 42,498 persons are houseless in 2001 Census against 35,355 houseless persons returned in 1991 Census. Thus, both institutional as well as houseless population has registered increase in 2001 as compared to 1991.
Scheduled Castes population According to 2001 Census percentage of the Scheduled Castes population to total population of the state is 15.7 per cent which is slightly higher than 15.5 per cent recorded in 1991 Census. Among the districts Gaya holds the topmost position with 29.6 per cent Scheduled Castes population whereas Kishanganj has the lowest percentage of Scheduled Castes population at 6.6 per cent.
Scheduled Tribes population As per 2001 Census, percentage of the Scheduled Tribes population to total population of the state is 0.9 per cent whereas it was 0.9 per cent in 1991 Census also. Among the districts, Katihar has the highest percentage (5.9 per cent) of Scheduled Tribes population and the lowes! of 0.0 per cent has been returned in Sheohar district.
Decadal growth During the span of ten years the state has added a population of 18,467,955 resulting in the decadal growth rate of 28.6 per cent during 1991-2001. The state has witnessed an increase in the decadal growth during 1991-2001 if compared with 23.4 per cent registered in Hie previous decade of 1981-1991. The growth rate of Bihar is higQer than the all India growth rate of 21.5-per cent recorded in 1991-2001.
Density of population Density of population of the state according to 2001 Census is 881 per sq.km. Whereas in 1991 Census it was 685 persons per sq.km. In other words, there is an increase of 196 persons per sq. km. in 2001. Among the districts, Sheohar with 1478 persons per sq km. is most densely populated followed by Nawada (1474) and Madhubani (1446), while the lowest density of population is recorded in Kishanganj with 383 persons per sq. km.
Sex ratio ,- Bihar has a overall sex ratio of 919 females-..per thousand males in 2001 Census whereas in 1991 Census it was 907 there~stering an increase of 12 points during ----- xlviii 2001 Census over 1991 Census. Among the districts Siwan has the highest sex ratio of 1,031 and Munger has the lowest sex ratio of 872 during 2001 Census. These two districts had the same ranks with sex ratio of 1,017 and 856 respectively in 1991 Census.
The sex ratio of the Scheduled Castes population at the state level is 923, which is higher as compared with 912 recorded in the 1991 Census. Among districts, in 2001 Census, Siwan (1,012 ) has the highest sex ratio among the Scheduled Castes population and the lowest is in Bhagalpur (875).
The sex ratio among the Scheduled Tribes population at the state level is 929 in 2001 Census against 923 recorded in the 1991 Census. Among districts, in 2001 Census, Gopalganj tops with 1063 sex ratio among the Scheduled Tribes population and Samastipur district is at the bottom with 234. The inordinately low sex ratio is an aberration, which is attributable to small numbers.
Child sex ratio (0-6) The child sex ratio of total population is 942 as per the 2001 Census, which is far better than the national average of 927 recording in 2001. However, it has declined as compared to 953 recorded in 1991 Census in the state. Among the Scheduled Castes the child sex ratio is 963 while among the Scheduled Tribes it is 975 according to 2001 Census.
Considering district wise, Nawada district has'the higheSf overall child sex ratio (978) while the lowest child sex ratio has been recoded in the Saharsa (912) in the 2001 Census. In case of the Scheduled Castes, Nawada district has the highest child sex ratio of 1,014 and the lowest of 925 has been observed in Sheohar district. In case of Scheduled Tribes, the highest child sex ratio of 1,139 is observed in Khagaria district and the lowest sex ratio of 500 in Sheohar district, which incidentally has very small Scheduled Tribes population.
Percentage of child population in the age-group 0-6 The proportion of child population in the age group 0-6 stands at 20.2 per cent for total population against 20.7 per cent recorded in 1991. Among the Schedul'ed Castes, proportion of the child population is 22.5 per cent both in 1991 as well as 2001 Census. However, among the Scheduled Tribes it is 20.5 per cent in the 2001 Cer(sus while it was 21.0 per cent in 1991 Census. Thus, the proportion of child Ropulation has declined slightly in total and Scheduled Tribes, but has remained constant among the Scheduled Castes in 2001 as compared to 1991.
Among the districts, at the 2001 Census, the highest percentage of child population is in Kishanganj (22.2 per cent) and the lowest in Munger (~8.1 per cent). In case of Scheduled Castes the highest percentage of population in the age-group 0-6 has been registered in Madhepura with 24.8per cent and the lowest in Munger (20.0 per cent). In case of Scheduled Tribes the highest is In Sheohar with 23.4 per cent and the lowest in Samastipur district with 7.6 per cent. literacy status The literacy rate in India is 64.8 per cent as per 2001 Census whereas in 1991 Census literacy rate was 52.2 per cent. This, shows a gain of 12.6 per cent in the literacy rate of the country in 2001 Census over 1991 Census. In terms of literacy, Bihar is the least literate state with only 47.0 per cent literacy rate in 2001 against 37.5 per cent recorded in 1991. The state continued to occupy the last rank among states and union territories of the country both in 1991 and 2001 Census. '
xlix According to the Census of India 2001, the literacy rate among the Scheduled Castes stands at 28.5 per cent and among the Scheduled Tribes 282 per cent. Literacy rates of these segments of population in previous Census were 18.4 per cent and 18.9 per cent respectively at the state level. Despite gains, literacy scenario in the state presents a dismal picture.
Among the districts, Patna has the highest overall literacy rate of 62.9 per cent and Kishanganj district has the least literacy rate of 31.1 per cent.
Male and female literacy Male literacy for India during 2001 Census is 75.2 per cent and female literacy is 53.7 per cent recording a male-female gap of 21.5 per cent points at the national level. Bihar has the lowest male and female literacy rate of 59.7 per cent and 33.1 per cent respectively at the 2001 Census. The gender gap is 26.6 per cent points.
The Scheduled Castes male and female literacy rates in Bihar are 40.2 per cent and 15.6 per cent respectively with a gender gap of 24.6 points in 2001. In respect of the Scheduled Tribes, the male and female literacy rates are 39.8 per cent and 15.5 per cent respectively with a gender gap of 24.3 points. The female literacy has though improved as compared to 1991 but continues to be inordinately low among the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (half than the overall female literacy) in the state and the picture at the district level is nofdifferent.
Work participation rate The Work Participation Rates (WPR) in case of total population is 33.7 per cent in 2001 as compared to 30.6 per cent recorded in the 1991 Census. According to the 2001 Census 39.7 per cent of population among the Scheduled Castes and 45.2 per cent population among the Scheduled Tribes are workers. .
Among the districts, Madhepura has the highest percentage of overall workers with 44.8 per cent and the lowest percentage of workers is found in Saran district (26.5 per cent). In case of the Scheduled Castes, Madhepura district with 49.6 per cent WPR is at the top, while the bottom most rank is held by Saran with 32.3 per cent in 2001 Census. Among the Scheduled Tribes population, Samastipur district with 62.9 per cent has the highest WPR while Sheohar district With 23.4 per cent has the lowest WPR.
Male work participation rate Male work participation rates during 2001 Census for total population, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are 47.4 per cent, 49.2 per cent and 52.9 per cent respectively, whereas ~n 1991 Census the corresponding proportions were 47.6 per cent, 50.4 per cent and 53.6 per cent. Thus, the male work participation rate has declined in 2001 in all the categories of population.
As per 2001 Census, among the districts the highest overall male work participation rate has been ob$9rved in the Kishanganj with 52.7 per cent while the lowest percentage has been recorded in the Biwan district with (41.5 per cent). In case of Scheduled Castes, Male work participation rate is th~ highest in Araria (53.9 p~r cent) and the lowest has been observed in the Siwan district (42.6 per cent). Samastipur with .71.0 per cent has the highest while Begusarai (41.9- per cent) has the lowest Scheduled Tribes male work participation rate. Female work participation rate During 2001 Census, special efforts were made to cover female contribution in the economy in paid as well as unpaid work in family farm, collection of Kendu leaves, beedi rolling, rearing of goat! sheep, rice dehusking, assistance in blacksmithy, preparation of papad, james, pickles, etc.Special training modules, wider publicity was undertaken to capture the female work participation especially in those areas where it showed inordi.nately low rates at the 1991 Census. As a result of this, the work participation rate among females increased appreciably from 11.8 cent in 1991 to 18.8 cent in 2001 in the state. Among the Scheduled Castes also during 2001 Census female work participation rate increased from 23.3 per cent in 1991 Census to 29.5 per cent. Similarly in case of Scheduled Tribes, the percentage.of female workers is 36.9 per cent while in 1991 Census it was 31.0 per cen,t
Among the districts, Madhepura has the highest percentage of overall female workers of 37.3 per cent whereas the lowest percentage of female workers has been registered in Sheohar (9.8 per cent).Among Scheduled Castes, Madhepura again nas recorded highest percentage of female workers of 46.5 per cent while the lowest percentage has been observed in Sheohar district (16.2 p~r cent). The highest percentage of female workers among the Scheduled Tribes is recorded in Jehanabad with 53.3 per cent. On the other hand, the lowest proportion of Scheduled Tribes female workerl? has been observed in Sheohar district with 3.5 per cent (small population).
Main workers During 2001 Census, the percentage of main workers to total workers in respect of total population, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes have been reGorded as 75.3 per cent, 71.0 per cent and 68.7 per cent respectively. The corresponding percentages for the 1991 Census were·95.2 per cent, 95.4 per cent and 92.8 per cent respectively. One of the reasons of this decline may be attributed to the fact that dwring 2001 Census special emphasis was made in netting of marginal workers leading to major gains in the catego'ry marginal workers and consequent decline in the proportion of main workers across the country.
Marginal workers According to the 2001 Census, the percentage of marginal workers to total workers is 24.7 per cent against 4.8 per cent recorded in 1991. Further, 29.0- per cent among the Scheduled Castes and 31.4 per cent among the Scheduled Tribes workers are marginal workers in 2001. The corresponding percentages in 1991 Census were 4.6 per cent and 7.2 per cent respectively. Thus, significant increase in the marginal workers has been reqorded during 2001 Census as compared to 1991 Census.
Cultivators The percentage of overall Cultivators has declined from 41.0 per cent recorded in 1991 Census to' 32.2 per cent during 2001 Census .The proportion of Cultivators among the Scheduled Castes is 8.7 per cent while in case of the Scheduled Tribes it is 23.9 per cent. This is decline from 12.1 per cent and 31.2 per cent recorded for these two categories in the 1991 Census.
Agricultural labourers The percentages agricultural laborers to total workers in the 2001 Census is 42.9 per cent which is a decline from be 43.2 per cent recorded at the 1991 Census. Further 75.4 per cent among the Scheduled Castes workers and 60.9 per cent among Scheduled Tribes workers are engaged as agricultural labourers. In the 1991 Censtls these percentages were , slightly higher at 79.2 per cent and 61.0 per cent respectively. In other words more thgIl-- . ~
Ii three fourth of the workers among the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes respectively are agricultural laborers in the state. Further, the economic structure of the state continues to be agricultural oriented as more than 75 per cent overall workers are either cultivators or agricultural labourers as per 2001 Census
Household industry workers As per 2001 .census, percentage of household industry workers in Bihar is 3.6 per cent, which has increased from 1.6 per cent recorded in 1991 Census. Among the Scheduled Castes, 3.2 per cent and among the Scheduled Tribes 2.7 percent workers constitute HHI workers in the 2001 Census while in 1991 Census these were 1.5 per cent and 0.7 per cent respectively~ Thus there has been a considerable increase in HHI activities in the state as per 2001 Census among all the categories of population.
Other workers The proportion of 'other workers' in 2001 Census at the state level is 21.4 per cent which is significantly higher than 7.1 per cent registered in the 1991 Census. Among the Scheduled Castes, 12.7 per cent while among the Scheduled Tribes 12.6 percent are 'other workers 'in the 2001 Census whereas according to 1991 Census the percentages of 'other workers' in both these categories were 7.2 per cent only.
Iii flI~~ElOII~Cb flICi'!tallii ANALYTICAL STATEMENTS
fcmuT 1 : "1'1ti&l1 ~ ~ Wllll ~ : 2001
Statement 1 : Districts arranged in descending order of population: 2001
~/ ~/~ ~/Population Rank State/District Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 '¥f IJ1'1ti(9:ll/TotaJ population 10 ~ Bihar 82,998,509 43,243,795 39,754,714 01 llC"IT Patna 4,718,592 2,519,942 2,198,650
02 ¥f'tfRlRUT Purba Champaran 3,939,77;3 2,077,047 1,862,726
03 '1IJ1Q<1i~~ Muzaffarpur 3,746,714 1,951,466 1,795,248 04 ~ Madhubani 3,575,281 1,840,997 1,734,284 05 Tj{IT Gaya 3,473,428 1,792,163 1,681,265 06 ti'iMlgx Samastipur 3,394,793 1,760,692 1,634,101
07 ~ Darbhanga 3,295,789 1,722,189 1,573,600 08 mxur Saran 3,248,701 1,652,661 1,596,040 09 ~ 'tfRlRUT Pashchim Champaran 3,043,466 1,600,839 1,442,627 10 ~ Vaishali 2,718,421- 1,415,603 1,302,818 11 fucwr Siwan 2,714,349 1,336,283 1,378,066 12 ~ Sitamarhi 2,682,720 1,417,611 1,265,109 13 WUrm Purnia 2,543,942 1,328,417 1,215,525 14 ~ Rohtas 2,450,748 1,283,485 1,167,263
15 ~ Bhagalpur 2,423,172 1,291,658 1,131,514 16 Cfift"grr Katihar 2,392,638 1,246,872 1,145,766 17 1TR"G1 Nalanda 2,370,528 1,238,599 1,131,929 18 ~ Begusarai 2,349,366 1,228,874 1,120,492 19 ~ Bhojpur 2,243,144 1,179,611 1,063,533 20 3Rftm Araria 2,158,608 1,128,105 1,030,503 21 'n ql<:'l' jlJl Gopalganj 2,152,638 1,075,710 1,076,928 22 ~ Aurangabad 2,013,055 1,040,945 972,110 23 'lCITGT Nawada 1,809,696 929,960 879,736 24 wtffi * Supaul * 1,732,578 902,207 830,371 25 mcm • Banka • 1,608,773 843,293 765,480 26 ~ Madhepura 1,526,646 797,180 729,466 27 lJIiSI110jIG Jehanabad 1,514,315 784,946 729,369
28 ~ Saharsa 1,508,182 789,432 718,750 29 ~. Buxar • 1,402,396 738,354 664,042 30 ~* Jamui • 1,398,796 729,138 669,658 31 PcIJ~11,j\ij Kishanganj 1,296,348 669,552 626,796 32 ~ ('I1ljarf) Kaimur (Bhabua) * 1,289,074 677,623 611,451 33 ~ Khagaria ~ ,280,354 679,267 601,087 34 :t'R Munger 1,137,797 607,730 530,067 35 Lakhisarai • 802,225 417,672 384,553 C'fWti\(lll .- 36 ~. Sheikhpura • 525,502 273,992 251,510 37 ~. Sheohar • 515,961 273,680 242,2~ ------Iv fcrcRuT 1 : G1'1ti&l1 ~ ~ iIill' ~ ~ : 2001
Statement 1 : Districts arranged in descending order of population: 2001
~I ~/~ ~/Population Rank State/District Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 ~ G1""1ti&lI/General population 10 ~ Bihar 69,191,550 36,066,005 33,125,545 01 -qc;'fT Patna 3,979,368 2,127,599 1,851,769 02 ~~ Purba Champaran 3,420,842 1,803,561 1,617,281
03 ~1JIqq;,06 ~ Darbhanga 2,783,823 1,455,486 1,328,337 07 ~:P'l~')g'< Samastipur 2,762,593 1,432,867 1,329,726
08 ~ 'Cj1qRUf Pashchim Champaran 2,563,840 1,349,647 1,214,193 09 lTlIT Gaya 2,440,808 1,261,407 1,179,401 1O- ftIcrr;r Siwan 2,391,514 1,175,869 1,215,645 11 ~ Sitamarhi 2,365,288 1,250,052 1,115,236 12 ~ Vaishali 2,153,230 1,121,297 1,031,933 13 WUrm Purnia 2,119,907 1,109,381 1,010,526 14 ~ Bhagalpur 2,112,941 1,126,230 986,711 15 ~ Katihar 2,043,836 1,066,936 976,900 16 ~ Begusarai 2,006,688. 1,050,154 956,534 17 ~ Rohtas- 1,980,752 1,036,494 944,258
18 ~ Nalanda 1,895,772 989,829 905,943 19 ~ Bhojpur 1,891,209 993,782 897,427 20 ·flqlwilJl Gopalganj 1,879,231 937,930 941,301 21 ~ Araria 1,835,697 960,995 874,702 22 ~ Aurangabad 1,538,649 795,319 743,330 23 ~* Supaul • 1,470,915 767,090 703,825 24 'fCITGT Nawada 1,371,563 704,908 666,655 25 6Ifq)r • Banka * 1,333,644 700,590 633,054
26 ~ Saharsa 1,260,928 661,855 599,073 27 ~ Madhepura 1,256,890 658,403 598,487 28 1JIi;11I<1Ic; Jehanabad 1,226,785 636,075 590,710
29 ~. Buxar * 1,195,954 629,020 566,934 30 fcp~11·ilJl Kishanganj 1,163,399 601,072 562,327 31 ~ Khagaria 1,094,900 581,264 513,636 32 ~* Jamui * 1,088,729 569,911 518,818 33 :rR Munger 968,790 518,402 450,388 34 ~ ('l'flJ3IT)' Kaimur (Bhabua) * 967,121 507,953 459,168 35 61'Statement 1 : Districts arranged in descending order of population : 2001
~I - ~/fGR;rr ~/Population Rank State/District Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5
~ \,1"lti(§!4l/lnstitutional population 10 filrn Bihar 273,836 198,913 74,923 01 10 'Cfc.IT Patna 33,596 27,032 6,564 02 10 tl'1'Rftg'< Samastipur 15,940 13,443 2,497 03 10 1"f04 10~ Nalanda 13,493 8,596 4,897
05 10 'j\JI LfQl '< g'< Muzaffarpur 13,277 8,850 4,427 06 10wrr~ Purba Champaran 12,776 8,889 3,887 07 10~ Bhagalpur 12,012 8,717 3,295 08 10~ Bhojpur 10,785 8,743 2,042 09 10~ Darbhanga 10,385 7,101 3,284 10 10 ~ 'ifI'CIT'<"UT Pashchim Champaran 10,097 7,464 2,633 11 10~ Purnia 9,117 6,880 2,237 12 10~ Madhubani 7,307 4,785 2,522 13 10~ Begusar.ai 6,729 4,899 1,830 14 10~ Aurangabad 6,570 4,355 2,215 15 10 'tJRUT Saran 6,134 4,204 1,930 16 10~ Vaishali 6,074 3,834 2,240 17 10~ Rohtas 5,860 3,915 1,945 18 10 ft:rcrr;r Siwan 5,737 4,219 1,518 19 10 \JIt\111il11G Jehanabad 5,437 3,8]0 1,567 20 10~ Katihar 5,335 3,881 1,454 ,- 21 10~ Sitamarhi 5,314 3,698 1,616
22 10~ Nawada 5,114 3,238 1,876 23 103Rftm Araria 4,844 3,363 1,481 24 10 RI>~11Ii\JI Kishanganj 4,541 3,613 928 25 10 iI'l'i\JI Gopalganj 3,961 2,922 1,039
31 10~ Saharsa 3,500 2,699 801 32 10~ Khagaria 3,324 2,565 769 33 10 C'll!Sflmlll * Lakhisaral * 2,827 2,173 654 34 10~' Supaul • 2,688 1,919 769 35 10~' Sheikhpura * 2,296 1,555 741 36 10~ Madhepura 2,190 1,::>62 62a 37 10~* Sheohar * 845 495 -350_, Ivii -- fcrcRur 1 : GHti'&:ll a;"ElCtl Wllll ~ : 2001
Statement 1 : Districts arranged in descending order of population: 2001
~I ~/ftR;rr ~/Population Rank State/District Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 ~ GHti'&:lIfHouseless population 10 fcfm Bihar 42,498 27,895 14,603 01 ft'1tt;lg~ Samastipur 10,628 9,969 659 02 'Q"C'9l Patna 7,016 4,790 2,226
03 'j)\ilqql'{~ Muzaffarpur 1,870 870 1,000
04 ~ Saran 1,637 909 728 05 ('I1(fj~Nlq * Lakhisarai • 1,563 840 723 06 'l
