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Political Preferences 19/2018 Political Preferences 19/2018 Katowice 2018 Scientific Council: Roman Bäcker, Prof. (Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland); Tadeusz Godlewski, Prof. (Kazimierz Wielki University, Poland); Iwona Jakubowska-Branicka, Prof. (University of Warsaw, Poland); Slavomir Magál, Assoc. prof. (University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Slovakia); Jana Galera Matúšova, Assoc. prof. (University of Ss.Cyril and Methodius, Slovakia); Dusan Pavlu, Prof. (Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic); Libor Pavera, Assoc. prof. (Higher School of Hospitality Management, Czech Republic); Dana Petranová, Assoc. prof. (University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Slovakia); Olga Prokopenko, Assoc. prof. (Sumski National University, Ukraine); Miro Haček, Prof. (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia); Fulco Lanchester, Prof. (Sapienza University of Rome, Italy); Sergey G. Korkonosenko, Assoc. prof. (Saint Petersburg State University, Russia); Ruxandra Boicu, Assoc. prof. (University of Bucharest, Romania); Robert Ladrech, Prof. (Keele University, England; College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium); Teresa Sasińska-Klas, Prof. (Jagiellonian University, Poland); Jerzy Sielski, Assoc. prof. (Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Poland); Roman Chytilek, Assoc. prof. (Masaryk University, Czech Republic); Efe Sevin, PhD (Kadir Has University, Turkey); Marcjanna Augustyn, PhD (University of Hull, England) Editorial Team: Agnieszka Turska-Kawa, Assoc. prof. (Chief Editor) Dagmara Głuszek-Szafraniec, PhD (Journal Secretary), Maciej Marmola, MA (Journal Secretary), Damian Guzek, PhD (Editor for International Cooperation), Paweł Sarna, PhD (Polish Language Editor), Ewelina Tyc, PhD (Polish Language Editor), Marta Obrębska, PhD (English Language Editor), Anna Huth, MA (English Language Editor) Theme Editors: Wojciech Sokół, Assoc. prof. (party and electoral systems), Sabina Grabowska, Assoc. prof. (political institutions), Danuta Plecka, Assoc. prof. (political ideas), Magdalena Musiał-Karg, Assoc. prof. (new technologies in politics), Łukasz Tomczak, Assoc. prof. (ideologies and party programs), Zbigniew Widera, Assoc. prof. (media marketing), Tomasz Słomka, Assoc. prof. (constitution and its functions, executive system in Poland), Robert Alberski, Assoc. prof. (parties and political movements), Waldemar Wojtasik, Assoc. prof. (political manipulations), Rafał Glajcar, Assoc. prof. (political institutions), Katarzyna Czornik, PhD (international relations), Beata Słobodzian, PhD (local government, territorial system), Karolina Tybuchowska-Hartlińska, PhD (political participation, elections), Joanna Kozierska, PhD (electoral alliances and coalition governments), Agnieszka Łukasik-Turecka, PhD (political communication), Dominka Kasprowicz, PhD (political populism and radicalism), Bożena Zasępa, PhD (social policy), Jacek Sokołowski, PhD (law making analysis) Cover project: Jarosław Wichura Desktop Publishing: Maciej Marmola Reviewers: María José Pérez del Pozo, Prof. (Complutense University of Madrid, Spain), Paweł Laidler, Assoc. prof. (Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland), Bartłomiej Łódzki, Assoc. prof. (University of Wroclaw, Poland), Jacek Wojnicki, Prof. (University of Warsaw, Poland), Magdalena Kozub-Karkut, PhD (Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland), Małgorzata Podolak, Assoc. prof. (Maria Curie Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland); Maciej Drzonek, Assoc. prof. (University of Szczecin, Poland); Urszula Doliwa, Assoc. prof. (University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Polska) © Institute of Political Science and Journalism at the University of Silesia and the Center for Innovation, Technology Transfer and Development Foundation of the University of Silesia, Katowice 2018. Journal is published by the Institute of Political Science and Journalism at the University of Silesia and the Center for Innovation, Technology Transfer and Development Foundation of the University of Silesia. Patronage for the project is exercised by Electoral Research Committee - Polish Political Science Association. ISSN: 2449-9064 Political Preferences continues the tradition of journal called Preferencje Polityczne (ISSN: 2083-327X) which was published from 2010 to 2015. All text are licensed under the Creative Commons BY 4.0 (CC BY 4.0). CONTENTS Toma Burean (Babeș-Bolyai University, Romania) Policy and Voting Preferences of Romanian Migrants 2000-2016.................................................5 Wojciech Rafałowski (University of Warsaw, Poland) Values versus Interests Dynamics of Parliamentary Campaigns................................................... 31 Marta Rzepecka (University of Rzeszów, Poland) Barack Obama’s Rhetorical Management of Public Opinion in the Context of Focusing Events53 Zuzanna Sielska (University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland) Albanian Minority questions in Macedonia: Selected Issues........................................................ 77 Mirosława Wielopolska-Szymura (University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland) International radio broadcasting – a case of Radio Poland – an external service of Polish public radio............................................................................................................................................... 91 3 Political Preferences Policy and Voting Preferences of Romanian Political Preferences 2018, vol. 19: 5-29. Migrants 2000-2016 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6726899 journals.us.edu.pl/index.php/PP Submitted: 05/06/2018 Accepted: 22/06/2018 Toma Burean Babeș-Bolyai University, Romania Abstract: In most studies of voting behavior, political preferences are explained at the level of the “country, election, electoral cohort or individual voter” (Franklin 2004). Notably absent from these studies is the impact of voters living abroad. Their importance is not to be neglected, especially in democratizing states. This research targets the predictions that lie behind the turnout and preferences of Romanian emigrants. Romanian Diaspora consistently votes for parties and candidates that promise reforms. This vote is associated with liberal economic policy preferences and support for minority groups. I test these hypotheses with elections results data from 2000 to 2016 coupled with data collected from Votulmeu.com an online Voting Advice Application from the 2012 parliamentary and 2014 presidential elections in Romania. Key words: emigrants, voting, policy preferences, Romania, Voting Advice Applications Introduction The results of the first round of the 2014 presidential elections in Romania suggested a comfortable win for the incumbent Prime Minister Victor Ponta, the president of the Social Democratic Party. After the first round, Ponta held a 10% lead over the Christian-Liberal Alliance ethnic German candidate Klaus Iohannis. The runoff campaign was marked by reports displayed on all TV channels showing the Romanian labor migrants not being able to vote abroad in the first round. Surprisingly, Klaus Iohannis, who obtained 54% of the votes, won the second round of elections. Romanian migrants queued at the Romanian embassies and consulates, massively mobilized via Facebook, and organized ad hoc street protests in front of voting stations when they were not able to cast their votes. They overtly supported Iohannis 5 Toma Burean for the second round of elections and reacted strongly against the Romanian government handling of external voting in the first round of elections. The importance of the impact of migrant political behavior and attitudes is not singular to Romania. In Nigeria, president Jonathan contemplates on allowing Diaspora to vote starting 2015 (Adichie 2014) but only after the Nigerian Diaspora collected signatures to permit their right to vote and organized several protests. In Scotland, at the 2014 referendum, up to 800,000 Scottish people living in England expressed discontent about not having the opportunity to express their preferences (Mycock 2014). In some rare cases, diasporas had a decisive effect on the national politics of countries of origin. In 2006, in Italy, Romano Prodi won a majority in the Senate with the help of the expats voting abroad. In the United States, the military overseas played an important role in providing support for the republican candidate George W. Bush while, at the same time, the civilian elections were poorly organized (Christie 2004). Long voiced concerns with question on when and why immigrants impact electoral politics have prompted some scholars to investigate how does emigration impacts the politics of the sending countries. This gap is troubling given the increasing number of emigrant populations that sometimes cast a decisive vote in electoral contests in the country of origin. To gain a complete understanding of the impact of emigrants on national politics and particularly to answer a question whether they are a distinct electoral block, researchers must address certain puzzles. These include a comparison of emigrant and non-emigrant political participation; whether emigrants vote differently than the citizens that did not emigrate; institutional constraints on voting; determinants of emigrant voter turnout; and whether emigrants have different issues that determine their voting preferences than those that did not leave their country. Admittedly, this stream of research is facing the challenge of scarce data resources. This paper begins to fill this gap by investigating the political behavior of the emigrant population of one of the most important European countries with recent emigration – Romania. As a first step the paper
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