0-4/11ENT RESUME ND 166 763 CS 502 421 AUTHOR Carlisle, Robert D. B., Comp TITLE Patterns of Performance Putlic Broadcasting and Education 1974=1976. INSTITUTION Corporation for Public Broadcasting, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 78 NOTE 147p.; Small print may be marginally legille EDRS PRICE, MF-$0.83 HC-$7.35 Plus Postage.. DESCRIPTORS Adults; Broadcast Industry; *Educational Radio; *Educational Television; Elementary Secondary Education; Instructional Media; Junior Colleges; Mass Instruction; Media Research; Postsecondary EduCation; Preschool Children; *Programing (Broadcast); *Public Television; Telecommunication; lelecourses ABSTRACT Intended as a practical invertory of ways that public broadcasting has been used for education, this volume is divided into three sections that depl with teievisicr,, radio, and research articles. The section on television discusses the method, material, and changing context of educational hroadcasting; analyzes the programing and funding of preschool television;compares different approaches- to- programing for the:school age child; and describesa number of approaches for teaching the adult learner. The sectionon radio presents a status report on education through radio including *pecial programs for prOfessionals0 theyoung, and the klihd; distinguishes the role of radio at various educational levels; and summarizes the needs of the radio industry if it is to expand. The final section contains research articles. cn'satellite technology and public service telecommunication, open learring and. postsecondary education,the effectiveness of "The Electric Company," and the role of instructional television in the educational community. (MAI) **** * *** *************************** **** **4411444*41 Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan he made from the original document. **** ************************ ******** ************************ * V DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION &WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 643 EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN. ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE- SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY PATTERNS OF PERFORMANCE: Public Broadcasting an MEducation 1974 -1976 Compiled by Robert D.13_ Carlisle Office of Educational Activities Corporation for Public Broadcasting "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Corporation for Pub isBroadcasting TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) AND USERS OF THE ERIC SYSTEM." Patterns of Performance: Public Broadcasting and Education 1974-1976 Copyright © 1978 by the Corporation forPublic Broadcasting No reproduction of this book in wholeor in part, by mimeograph or any other means, isauthorized without written-permission. For informationwrite: The Corporation for Public Broadcasting 1111 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington D.C. 20036 ISBN 0-89776-004-2 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 78-068395 Additional copies may be obtained for $3.00 Foreword Under the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, CPBwas charged with aiding the development, encouraging the growth,and tracking the progress of public broadcasting, including itsuses for, and services to, instruction. Recently, CPB's Office of Educational Activities hascompleted, with support from the National Center for EducationStatistics, the first nationwide survey of the instructionaluses of television in the nation's elementary and secondary schools. Extensivere- ports of the findings will be issued throughout 1978. Results of other Educational Activities' surveys which provide additional information about public stations' services to learners of allages will be reported in 1978. But to look only at such data would not reveal allone should know about the complex sets of relationships thatcharacterize the efforts of public broadcasting and educationto work together. This volume offers insights about the human sideof these efforts and looks at some of the successes, failures, and beyIssues occurring since 1974. Commissioned articles provide specialfo- cuses. What follows mostly is a recounting ofone man's journeya reporter passing through the scene from 1974 to 1976visitinga handful of locations where something significantor promising happened or seemed likely tooccur in the long, often convoluted history of public broadcasting and education. The tone of the volume is upbeat, and rightlyso, we at CPB believe. Surely success is not everywhere, andperhaps in not enough instances, but certainly itoccurs in many diverse and often disparate places where public broadcasters andeducators are working together to better the quality of American Life. This volume is not a compendium ofsuccess and failure,. but it is a useful documentation that much of importanceis indeed happen- ing, and-that much more remains to be done. Henry Loomis President, Corporation for P-Iblic Broadcasting Contents Foreword/iii Acronyms/ix AcknovvIedgements/xi Section One: Television/1 Preface/3 Educational Broadcasting: A New Look/5 The Method and the Material The Changing Ci3ntext For the Preschool Child/15 Change in the Programmers' Ways and Means Pre-K Series: A Status Report Dollars for Pre-K Programs For the School Years/23 A Difference in Programming Agency for Instructional Television (AIT) Great Plains National ITV Library (GPN) International Instructional Television Cooperative (ITV Co-op) Ontario Educational Communications Aulhority (OECA) Western Instructional Television, Inc. (WITV) Commercial Suppliers The State of Utilization On the Research Side Out of Today, Tomorrow's Possibilities Appendix I: Structures in ITV's World/41 Appendix II: A Sampling of Utilization Data/49 Appendix Ill: School TV Utilization Study: Preliminary Findings /53 For the Adult Learner/61 Broadcast College-Credit Courses College Degree Tracks Credit in Prime Time In-service Courses Courses for Business, Industry and Professions Remedial Learning for Adults Informal Learning Among the Headlines Advocates for Open Learning Problems Still Persist Section Two: Radio/79 Education Through Radio: AStatuseport Part of the Scenery Public Radio and Education A Spectrum of Services Many Signals for Young Minds Radio-Delivered College Credit Virginia's HEAR Project Messages for the Professional Messages for the Blind Another Option Log for Tomorrow Public Radio in Education:An Overview/95 Terms and Distinctions Audio Distribution Elementary-Secondary Instruction by Radio Post-Secondary Instruction by Radio Other Roles for Public Radio inEducation The Policy Questions Conclusions Summary_ : To Harness the Potential/105 The Debate Goes On The State of the Art: A PersonalView Larger Budgets Strong National Commitments New Leaders Added Awareness Efforts More Variety in Delivery Greater Majority Section Three: Articles/113 Satellite Technology: Satellites andPublic Service Telecommunication/115 Public Service Management: The BenevolentDilemma The Heart of the Matter: Aggregation The Concentration on Requirements The Continuing Education Network The Prior Question: Why Satellites? PSSC and the Public BroadcastingInterconnection System Getting Started: Experiments and Demonstrations Shaping Technology to Suit Requirements How About the PSSC Satellite? The Question of Software And In Conclusion Open Learning: The Case.ofa Marriage/11. Coastline: Background Coastline: Operations Telecourse Design Telecourse Operations vi Enrollment Coastline: Results Research: The Eleclric Company and the School 'Marketplace/27 Early Developments Teachers and Television Documenting the Effectiveness of The Electric Company The Lincoln Heights Story Investment in ITV: Hunt for the Wiser Answer /x.37 On Confining Quicksilver Setting for Genesis Formula and Procedure: A Prologue A Checklist for QueStioners Acronyms Advisory Council of National Org. anizations/ACNO Agency for Instructional -Television/AIT Applications Technology Satellite/ATS Central Educational Network/CEN Children's Television Workshop/CTW Communications Technology Satellite/CTS Corporation for Public Broadcasting/CPB Division of Educational Teclinology/DET 'Eastern EducationalTelevision Network/EEN Eastern Regional Council for Educational Television/ERCE-TV Educational Broadcasting Facilities Program/EBFP Educational Research Information Center /ERIC Educational-Television/ETV Educational Testing Service/E1S Emergency School Aid Act/ESAA Full-Time Equivalent Student/FTE Student Fund for Improvement of Post-secondary Education/FIPSE General Educational Development/GED Great Plains National Instructional Television Library/GPN Higher Education Applications of Radio/HEAR International Instructional Television Cooperative/ITV Coop Instructional Television/ITV Instructional TelevisionFixed Service /ITFS Kentucky Educational Television/KET Massachusetts Educational Television/MET Milwaukee Area Technical College/MATC Minnesota Public Radio/MPR' National Assessment of Educational Progress/NAEP National Association of Educational Broadcasters/NAEB National Center for Education Statistics/NCES National'Endowment for the Humanities/NEH National Institute of Education/NIE National Instructional Television/NIT National Public Radio/NPR New England Instructional Television Research Center/NETRC Office of Policy Development /OPD Office of Telecommunications Policy/OTP. Ontario Educational Communications Authority/MCA Post-Secondary Education/PSE Public Broadcasting Service/PBS Public Interest Satellite Association/PISA Public Service Satellite Consortitim/PSSC