Building Common Lisp Applications with Reasonable Performance*
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Introduction to Programming in Lisp
Introduction to Programming in Lisp Supplementary handout for 4th Year AI lectures · D W Murray · Hilary 1991 1 Background There are two widely used languages for AI, viz. Lisp and Prolog. The latter is the language for Logic Programming, but much of the remainder of the work is programmed in Lisp. Lisp is the general language for AI because it allows us to manipulate symbols and ideas in a commonsense manner. Lisp is an acronym for List Processing, a reference to the basic syntax of the language and aim of the language. The earliest list processing language was in fact IPL developed in the mid 1950’s by Simon, Newell and Shaw. Lisp itself was conceived by John McCarthy and students in the late 1950’s for use in the newly-named field of artificial intelligence. It caught on quickly in MIT’s AI Project, was implemented on the IBM 704 and by 1962 to spread through other AI groups. AI is still the largest application area for the language, but the removal of many of the flaws of early versions of the language have resulted in its gaining somewhat wider acceptance. One snag with Lisp is that although it started out as a very pure language based on mathematic logic, practical pressures mean that it has grown. There were many dialects which threaten the unity of the language, but recently there was a concerted effort to develop a more standard Lisp, viz. Common Lisp. Other Lisps you may hear of are FranzLisp, MacLisp, InterLisp, Cambridge Lisp, Le Lisp, ... Some good things about Lisp are: • Lisp is an early example of an interpreted language (though it can be compiled). -
The Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U.S
NOTICE WARNING CONCERNING COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS: The copyright law of the United States (title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Any copying of this document without permission of its author may be prohibited by law. CMU Common Lisp User's Manual Mach/IBM RT PC Edition David B. McDonald, Editor April 1989 CMU-CS-89-132 . School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 This is a revised version of Technical Report CMU-CS-87-156. Companion to Common Lisp: The Language Abstract CMU Common Lisp is an implementation of Common Lisp that currently runs on the IBM RT PC under Mach, a Berkeley Unix 4.3 binary compatible operating system. This document describes the implementation dependent choices made in developing this implementation of Common Lisp. Also, several extensions have been added, including the proposed error system, a stack crawling debugger, a stepper, an interface to Mach system calls, a foreign function call interface, the ability to write assembler language routines, and other features that provide a good environment for developing Lisp code. This research was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DOD), ARPA Order No. 4976 under contract F33615-87-C-1499 and monitored by the Avionics Laboratory, Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories, Aeronautical Systems Division (AFSC), Wright-Patterson AFB, OHIO 45433-6543. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the U.S. -
The Machine That Builds Itself: How the Strengths of Lisp Family
Khomtchouk et al. OPINION NOTE The Machine that Builds Itself: How the Strengths of Lisp Family Languages Facilitate Building Complex and Flexible Bioinformatic Models Bohdan B. Khomtchouk1*, Edmund Weitz2 and Claes Wahlestedt1 *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 1Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of We address the need for expanding the presence of the Lisp family of Psychiatry and Behavioral programming languages in bioinformatics and computational biology research. Sciences, University of Miami Languages of this family, like Common Lisp, Scheme, or Clojure, facilitate the Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th ST, Miami, FL, USA creation of powerful and flexible software models that are required for complex 33136 and rapidly evolving domains like biology. We will point out several important key Full list of author information is features that distinguish languages of the Lisp family from other programming available at the end of the article languages and we will explain how these features can aid researchers in becoming more productive and creating better code. We will also show how these features make these languages ideal tools for artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. We will specifically stress the advantages of domain-specific languages (DSL): languages which are specialized to a particular area and thus not only facilitate easier research problem formulation, but also aid in the establishment of standards and best programming practices as applied to the specific research field at hand. DSLs are particularly easy to build in Common Lisp, the most comprehensive Lisp dialect, which is commonly referred to as the “programmable programming language.” We are convinced that Lisp grants programmers unprecedented power to build increasingly sophisticated artificial intelligence systems that may ultimately transform machine learning and AI research in bioinformatics and computational biology. -
Common Lispworks User Guide
LispWorks® for the Windows® Operating System Common LispWorks User Guide Version 5.1 Copyright and Trademarks Common LispWorks User Guide (Windows version) Version 5.1 February 2008 Copyright © 2008 by LispWorks Ltd. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of LispWorks Ltd. The information in this publication is provided for information only, is subject to change without notice, and should not be construed as a commitment by LispWorks Ltd. LispWorks Ltd assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this publication. The software described in this book is furnished under license and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of that license. LispWorks and KnowledgeWorks are registered trademarks of LispWorks Ltd. Adobe and PostScript are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Other brand or product names are the registered trade- marks or trademarks of their respective holders. The code for walker.lisp and compute-combination-points is excerpted with permission from PCL, Copyright © 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988 Xerox Corporation. The XP Pretty Printer bears the following copyright notice, which applies to the parts of LispWorks derived therefrom: Copyright © 1989 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, pro- vided that this copyright and permission notice appear in all copies and supporting documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. -
Omnipresent and Low-Overhead Application Debugging
Omnipresent and low-overhead application debugging Robert Strandh [email protected] LaBRI, University of Bordeaux Talence, France ABSTRACT application programmers as opposed to system programmers. The state of the art in application debugging in free Common The difference, in the context of this paper, is that the tech- Lisp implementations leaves much to be desired. In many niques that we suggest are not adapted to debugging the cases, only a backtrace inspector is provided, allowing the system itself, such as the compiler. Instead, throughout this application programmer to examine the control stack when paper, we assume that, as far as the application programmer an unhandled error is signaled. Most such implementations do is concerned, the semantics of the code generated by the not allow the programmer to set breakpoints (unconditional compiler corresponds to that of the source code. or conditional), nor to step the program after it has stopped. In this paper, we are mainly concerned with Common Furthermore, even debugging tools such as tracing or man- Lisp [1] implementations distributed as so-called FLOSS, i.e., ually calling break are typically very limited in that they do \Free, Libre, and Open Source Software". While some such not allow the programmer to trace or break in important sys- implementations are excellent in terms of the quality of the tem functions such as make-instance or shared-initialize, code that the compiler generates, most leave much to be simply because these tools impact all callers, including those desired when it comes to debugging tools available to the of the system itself, such as the compiler. -
How Lisp Systems Look Different in Proceedings of European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR 2008)
How Lisp Systems Look Different In Proceedings of European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR 2008) Adrian Dozsa Tudor Gˆırba Radu Marinescu Politehnica University of Timis¸oara University of Berne Politehnica University of Timis¸oara Romania Switzerland Romania [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract rently used in a variety of domains, like bio-informatics (BioBike), data mining (PEPITe), knowledge-based en- Many reverse engineering approaches have been devel- gineering (Cycorp or Genworks), video games (Naughty oped to analyze software systems written in different lan- Dog), flight scheduling (ITA Software), natural language guages like C/C++ or Java. These approaches typically processing (SRI International), CAD (ICAD or OneSpace), rely on a meta-model, that is either specific for the language financial applications (American Express), web program- at hand or language independent (e.g. UML). However, one ming (Yahoo! Store or reddit.com), telecom (AT&T, British language that was hardly addressed is Lisp. While at first Telecom Labs or France Telecom R&D), electronic design sight it can be accommodated by current language inde- automation (AMD or American Microsystems) or planning pendent meta-models, Lisp has some unique features (e.g. systems (NASA’s Mars Pathfinder spacecraft mission) [16]. macros, CLOS entities) that are crucial for reverse engi- neering Lisp systems. In this paper we propose a suite of Why Lisp is Different. In spite of its almost fifty-year new visualizations that reveal the special traits of the Lisp history, and of the fact that other programming languages language and thus help in understanding complex Lisp sys- borrowed concepts from it, Lisp still presents some unique tems. -
PUB DAM Oct 67 CONTRACT N00014-83-6-0148; N00014-83-K-0655 NOTE 63P
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 290 438 IR 012 986 AUTHOR Cunningham, Robert E.; And Others TITLE Chips: A Tool for Developing Software Interfaces Interactively. INSTITUTION Pittsburgh Univ., Pa. Learning Research and Development Center. SPANS AGENCY Office of Naval Research, Arlington, Va. REPORT NO TR-LEP-4 PUB DAM Oct 67 CONTRACT N00014-83-6-0148; N00014-83-K-0655 NOTE 63p. PUB TYPE Reports - Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Computer Graphics; *Man Machine Systems; Menu Driven Software; Programing; *Programing Languages IDENTIF7ERS Direct Manipulation Interface' Interface Design Theory; *Learning Research and Development Center; LISP Programing Language; Object Oriented Programing ABSTRACT This report provides a detailed description of Chips, an interactive tool for developing software employing graphical/computer interfaces on Xerox Lisp machines. It is noted that Chips, which is implemented as a collection of customizable classes, provides the programmer with a rich graphical interface for the creation of rich graphical interfaces, and the end-user with classes for modeling the graphical relationships of objects on the screen and maintaining constraints between them. This description of the system is divided into five main sections: () the introduction, which provides background material and a general description of the system; (2) a brief overview of the report; (3) detailed explanations of the major features of Chips;(4) an in-depth discussion of the interactive aspects of the Chips development environment; and (5) an example session using Chips to develop and modify a small portion of an interface. Appended materials include descriptions of four programming techniques that have been sound useful in the development of Chips; descriptions of several systems developed at the Learning Research and Development Centel tsing Chips; and a glossary of key terms used in the report. -
The Evolution of Lisp
1 The Evolution of Lisp Guy L. Steele Jr. Richard P. Gabriel Thinking Machines Corporation Lucid, Inc. 245 First Street 707 Laurel Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 Menlo Park, California 94025 Phone: (617) 234-2860 Phone: (415) 329-8400 FAX: (617) 243-4444 FAX: (415) 329-8480 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Lisp is the world’s greatest programming language—or so its proponents think. The structure of Lisp makes it easy to extend the language or even to implement entirely new dialects without starting from scratch. Overall, the evolution of Lisp has been guided more by institutional rivalry, one-upsmanship, and the glee born of technical cleverness that is characteristic of the “hacker culture” than by sober assessments of technical requirements. Nevertheless this process has eventually produced both an industrial- strength programming language, messy but powerful, and a technically pure dialect, small but powerful, that is suitable for use by programming-language theoreticians. We pick up where McCarthy’s paper in the first HOPL conference left off. We trace the development chronologically from the era of the PDP-6, through the heyday of Interlisp and MacLisp, past the ascension and decline of special purpose Lisp machines, to the present era of standardization activities. We then examine the technical evolution of a few representative language features, including both some notable successes and some notable failures, that illuminate design issues that distinguish Lisp from other programming languages. We also discuss the use of Lisp as a laboratory for designing other programming languages. We conclude with some reflections on the forces that have driven the evolution of Lisp. -
Allegro CL User Guide
Allegro CL User Guide Volume 1 (of 2) version 4.3 March, 1996 Copyright and other notices: This is revision 6 of this manual. This manual has Franz Inc. document number D-U-00-000-01-60320-1-6. Copyright 1985-1996 by Franz Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this pub- lication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, by photocopying or recording, or otherwise, without the prior and explicit written permission of Franz incorpo- rated. Restricted rights legend: Use, duplication, and disclosure by the United States Government are subject to Restricted Rights for Commercial Software devel- oped at private expense as specified in DOD FAR 52.227-7013 (c) (1) (ii). Allegro CL and Allegro Composer are registered trademarks of Franz Inc. Allegro Common Windows, Allegro Presto, Allegro Runtime, and Allegro Matrix are trademarks of Franz inc. Unix is a trademark of AT&T. The Allegro CL software as provided may contain material copyright Xerox Corp. and the Open Systems Foundation. All such material is used and distrib- uted with permission. Other, uncopyrighted material originally developed at MIT and at CMU is also included. Appendix B is a reproduction of chapters 5 and 6 of The Art of the Metaobject Protocol by G. Kiczales, J. des Rivieres, and D. Bobrow. All this material is used with permission and we thank the authors and their publishers for letting us reproduce their material. Contents Volume 1 Preface 1 Introduction 1.1 The language 1-1 1.2 History 1-1 1.3 Format -
ESA: a CLIM Library for Writing Emacs-Style Applications
ESA: A CLIM Library for Writing Emacs-Style Applications Robert Strandh Troels Henriksen LaBRI, Université Bordeaux 1 DIKU, University of Copenhagen 351, Cours de la Libération Universitetsparken 1, Copenhagen 33405 Talence Cedex [email protected] France [email protected] David Murray Christophe Rhodes ADMurray Associates Goldsmiths, University of London 10 Rue Carrier Belleuse, 75015 Paris New Cross Road, London, SE14 6NW [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT style applications. The central distinguishing feature of an We describe ESA (for Emacs-Style Application), a library Emacs-style application, for our purposes, is that it uses for writing applications with an Emacs look-and-feel within short sequences of keystrokes as the default method of in- the Common Lisp Interface Manager. The ESA library voking commands, and only occasionally requires the user to takes advantage of the layered design of CLIM to provide a type the full name of the command in a minibuffer. A spe- command loop that uses Emacs-style multi-keystroke com- cial keystroke (M-x) is used to invoke commands by name. mand invocation. ESA supplies other functionality for writ- This interaction style is substantially different from the one ing such applications such as a minibuffer for invoking ex- provided by CLIM by default, and therefore required us to tended commands and for supplying command arguments, write a different CLIM top level. Fortunately, CLIM was Emacs-style keyboard macros and numeric arguments, file designed to make this not only possible but fairly straight- and buffer management, and more. ESA is currently used forward, as the implementation of a replacement top level in two major CLIM applications: the Climacs text editor can build on the protocol layers beneath, just as the default (and the Drei text gadget integrated with the McCLIM im- top level is built. -
S Allegro Common Lisp Foreign Function Interface
Please do not remove this page Extensions to the Franz, Inc.'s Allegro Common Lisp foreign function interface Keane, John https://scholarship.libraries.rutgers.edu/discovery/delivery/01RUT_INST:ResearchRepository/12643408560004646?l#13643533500004646 Keane, J. (1996). Extensions to the Franz, Inc.’s Allegro Common Lisp foreign function interface. Rutgers University. https://doi.org/10.7282/t3-pqns-7h57 This work is protected by copyright. You are free to use this resource, with proper attribution, for research and educational purposes. Other uses, such as reproduction or publication, may require the permission of the copyright holder. Downloaded On 2021/09/29 22:58:32 -0400 Extensions to the Franz Incs Allegro Common Lisp Foreign Function Interface John Keane Department of Computer Science Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ keanecsrutgersedu January Abstract As provided by Franz Inc the foreign function interface of Allegro Com mon Lisp has a number of limitations This pap er describ es extensions to the interface that facilitate the inclusion of C and Fortran co de into Common Lisp systems In particular these extensions make it easy to utilize libraries of numerical subroutines such as those from Numerical Recip es in C from within ACL including those routines that take functions as arguments A mechanism for creating Lisplike dynamic runtime closures for C routines is also describ ed Acknowledgments The research presented in this do cument is supp orted in part by NASA grants NCC and NAG This research is also part of the Rutgers based -
Writing a Best-Effort Portable Code Walker in Common Lisp
Writing a best-effort portable code walker in Common Lisp Michael Raskin∗ LaBRI, University of Bordeaux [email protected] ABSTRACT ACM Reference format: One of the powerful features of the Lisp language family is Michael Raskin. 2017. Writing a best-effort portable code walker possibility to extend the language using macros. Some of in Common Lisp. In Proceedings of 10th European Lisp Simpo- sium, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, April 2017 (ELS2017), possible extensions would benefit from a code walker, i.e. a 8 pages. library for processing code that keeps track of the status DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3254669 of different part of code, for their implementation. But in practice code walking is generally avoided. In this paper, we study facilities useful to code walkers 1 INTRODUCTION provided by \Common Lisp: the Language" (2nd edition) and the Common Lisp standard. We will show that the Much of the power of Common Lisp comes from its extensibil- features described in the standard are not sufficient to write ity. Abstractions that cannot be expressed by functions can a fully portable code walker. still be expressed by macros; actually, many of the features One of the problems is related to a powerful but rarely described in the standard must be implemented as macros. discussed feature. The macrolet special form allows a macro Whilst macros are powerful on their own, some ways of function to pass information easily to other macro invocations extending Lisp would benefit from using higher-level code inside the lexical scope of the expansion. transformation abstractions. For many such abstractions the Another problem for code analysis is related to the usage of most natural way to implement them includes code walk- non-standard special forms in expansions of standard macros.