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Bursa Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Adaptation Plan 2017 (BUSECAP)

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Bursa Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Adaptation Plan 2017 (BUSECAP) Bursa Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Adaptation Plan 2017 (BUSECAP) BURSA METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY SUSTAINABLE ENERGY and CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PLAN COORDINATION and SUPERVISION PROJECT COORDINATIOR A.Nalan FİDAN City Planner, Bursa Metropolitan Caner Demir Municipality Head of Environmental Energy Manager Executive Protection and Control Directorate Consultant Yeşim DEDEOĞLU Esra Demir Environmental Engineer, MSc. Bursa Business Engineer MSc. Metropolitan Municipality Waste Consultant Management Departmental Manager Kaan Emir Yıldız ODAMAN CİNDORUK Environmental Engineer Environmental Engineer, MSc. Bursa Consultant Metropolitan Municipality Waste Management Department Hilal Tuncer Environmental Engineer Mahmut Sait Adalan Consultant Environmental Engineer Bursa Metropolitan Municipality Waste Management Oya Tabanoğlu Department City Planner PROJECT COORDINATIOR Consultant Dr. Baha Kuban Energy Policy Expert Senior Consultant We thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Koray Velibeyoğlu for his contributions. Climate Adaptation Workshop Moderators Green Areas Desk- Gazi University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nilgün Görer Tamer (With Oya Tabanoglu) Urban Waters and Rivers Desk - Bursa Technical University - Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gül Atanur Public Health Desk - Uludağ University - Assoc. Prof. Dr. Alpaslan Türkkan Administrative Organization and Planning Department - İzmir Yüksek Teknoloji University - Assoc. Prof. Dr. Koray Velibeyoğlu Heat Island Impact Desk - Demir Energy - Dr. Baha Kuban Agricultural Desk - Uludağ University - Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sıddık Cindoruk Bursa Metropolitan Municipality Directorate of Environmental Protection and Control Zafer mah. Ankara Yolu Cd. No:1 C Blok Osmangazi/ BURSA Tel: 0 224 444 16 00 Faks: 0 224 716 20 60 www.bursa.bel.tr Report prepared by: DEMİR ENERGY and CONSULTANCY Address: Tophanelioğlu Cd. Murat Sitesi No:74 I Blok D:18 Üsküdar / İstanbul Tel: +90 216 428 76 69 / +90 216 969 94 78 Graphic Design and application: EKOLOGOS Sürdürülebilirlik Yönetim ve İletişim Hizmetleri Ltd. Şti. Caferağa Mahallesi, Sakız Sokak, Berkel Apt. No: 6 D: 9 34710 Kadıköy, İstanbul Tel: +90 216 349 40 97- 98 NOVEMBER 2017 - BURSA Bursa Energy and Climate Change Adaptation Plan (BUSECAP) FOREWORD Climate change is regarded as one of the biggest environmental problems on a global scale and it affects every phase of our lives, especially agriculture and food, clean water and health. Thus, makes it necessary for countries and cities to increase their solution efforts. In this context, local authorities in cities play an active role in tackling climate change and its adaptation. Climate change studies are being conducted in two areas, "Preparation of Climate Change Action Plans" to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and "Developing Adaptation Strategies for Local Climate Change" to make our cities resistant by reducing the potential impacts of climate change. In this context, the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization also established the National Action Plan for Climate Change in 2011 and the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan in 2012, defining national policies in the field of climate change and the role of cities. In 2015, the Bursa Metropolitan Municipality Directorate of Environmental Protection and Control together with the cooperation with Demir Energy, based on the year 2014 and with the aim of contributing to the efforts carried out on a national and international scale to combat climate change, prepared the Bursa Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Climate Change Action Plan, in order to identify greenhouse gas emission sources in our city and to establish mitigation measures. Within this period and with the parliamentary decision taken in July 2016, Bursa Metropolitan Municipality participated to the Covenant of Mayor which aims to increase support for local activities, provide a platform for greater engagement and networking by cities, and raise public awareness about adaptation and mitigation and the measures needed. The Greenhouse Gas Inventory and the Climate Change Action Plan prepared in 2015 was revised according to the criteria of Covenant of Mayors and "Bursa Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Adaptation Plan" was prepared. According to the inventory results, the total carbon footprint Bursa province was determined to be over 13.2 million tons and the biggest share in the emission inventory was fuel and electricity consumption at 31%. This value was followed by residential and electricity consumption (22%) and urban transportation (19%). Bursa has a share of 2.7% in Turkey's total greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gas inventory prepared in 2015 has been revised within the framework of a participatory process in line with the data obtained from individual meetings and workshops with all the stakeholders in the city and our city has been evaluated under the headings such as; urban heat island, urban water areas, green areas, green corridors and biodiversity, public health, administrative organization and planning against the adverse effects of climate change. Climate change adaptation strategies have been developed to make our city more resilient to natural disasters such as hot weather fluctuations, drought, floods, and landslides due to climate change. In this framework, Bursa has been the first city to develop climate change adaptation strategies at a national scale. We hope the greenhouse gas inventory of Bursa province, mitigation targets and strategies for adaptation to climate change will serve as a guide for other cities to create climate- friendly cities, and we would like to thank all persons and institutions that supported this study. Bursa Metropolitan Municipality Directorate of Environmental Protection and Control i TABLE OF CONTENTS Figures ........................................................................................................................................... iv Tables ............................................................................................................................................ v Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................................. v 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Aim of the Study ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Methodology of the Study. .............................................................................................................................. 1 2. Global Climate Change: International Policy and Action, Strategic Vision and Scope ......................... 3 2.1 Turkey and Global Climate Change Impacts ................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Planning Studies Related to Turkey and Global Climate Change. ....................................................................... 4 2.3 Turkey's Climate Adaptation Strategy ........................................................................................................... 7 2.3.1 Water Resources Management. ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.3.2 Agriculture and Food Security. ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.3.3 Ecosystem Services. ...................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3.4 Natural Disaster Risk Management. ............................................................................................................ 10 2.3.5 Public Health. .............................................................................................................................................. 11 3. Bursa Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Sustainable Energy Action Plan. .......................................... 12 3.1 Bursa Metropolitan Municipality Corporate and Urban Greenhouse Gas Inventory. .................................. 12 3.1.1 Development of Various Greenhouse Gas Resources in Recent Years' ................................................... 14 3.1.2 GHG Reduction Inventory as per Covenant of Mayors. ............................................................................. 15 3.2 Bursa Sürdürülebilir Enerji Eylem Planı. ....................................................................................................... 15 3.2.1 Current Situation and Possible Futures. ..................................................................................................... 16 3.2.2 Scope of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Measures. ..................... 17 3.2.2.1 Urban Development - Built Environment. .................................................................................................... 17 3.2.2.2 Transportation. ............................................................................................................................................. 27 3.2.2.3 Renewable Energy. ....................................................................................................................................... 37 3.2.2.4 Solid Waste and Wastewater Management. ..............................................................................................
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