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African Development Report 2015 Growth, Poverty and Inequality Nexus
African Development Report 2015 African Despite earlier periods of limited growth, African economies Sustaining recent growth successes while making future growth have grown substantially over the past decade. However, poverty more inclusive requires smart policies to diversify the sources African Development and inequality reduction has remained less responsive to growth of growth and to ensure broad-based participation across successes across the continent. How does growth affect poverty segments of society. Africa needs to adopt a new development and inequality? How can Africa overcome contemporary and trajectory that focuses on effective structural transformation. Report 2015 future sustainable development challenges? This 2015 edition Workers need to move from low productivity sectors to those of the African Development Report (ADR) offers analysis, where both productivity and earnings are higher. Key poverty- Growth, Poverty and Inequality Nexus: synthesis and recommendations that are relevant to these reducing sectors, such as agriculture and manufacturing, should Overcoming Barriers to Sustainable Development questions. The objective of this Report is to guide policy be targeted and accorded high priority for public and private Growth, Poverty Growth, Development and Inequality Sustainable to Nexus: Overcoming Barriers processes by contributing to the debate analysing what has investment. Adding value to many of Africa’s primary exports happened during recent years, what has worked well, what may earn the continent a competitive margin in international hasn’t worked well, and what needs to be done to address markets, while also meeting domestic market needs, especially further barriers to sustainable development in Africa? Africa’s with regard to food security. Apart from the need to prioritise recent economic growth has not been accompanied by a real certain sectors, other policy recommendations emanating from structural transformation. -
OECD Unemployment Rates News Release
OECD Unemployment Rates News Release Methodological Notes New methodology in the EU Labour Force Survey from 2021 with the entry into force of the Integrated European Social Statistics (IESS) Framework Regulation, resulting in updated definitions of the labour status. Information, by country, on the status of the implementation of IESS regulation as well as on possible resulting breaks in time series can be found in a Eurostat Statistics Explained article. The OECD unemployment rates, compiled for all 38 OECD member countries, are based on definitions of the 19th Conference of Labour Statisticians (generally referred to as the ILO guidelines). Under these definitions, the unemployed are persons of working age who, in the reference period: − are without work; − are available for work; and, − have taken specific steps to find work. The uniform application of the definitions results in estimates that are more internationally comparable than those based on national definitions. For example, national unemployment data in some countries only include persons registered at government labour offices. Under the ILO definition, persons without work who are seeking employment through other means can also be classified as unemployed and registrants can be excluded if they worked or were not available for work. The unemployment rates shown here are calculated as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force (i.e., the unemployed plus those in employment) and are seasonally adjusted. The unemployment rates for the European Union (EU) member states and their aggregates, Iceland Norway, Switzerland and Turkey are produced by the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat). -
OECD Standardised Unemployment Rate Remained at 6
Paris, 15th April 2021 OECD Quarterly Employment Situation th News Release: 4 Quarter 2020 OECD area employment rate rose by 1.0 percentage point in the fourth quarter of 2020, but remains below pre-pandemic level The OECD area employment rate – the share of the working-age population with jobs – rose by 1.0 percentage point in the fourth quarter of 2020, to 66.7%, remaining 1.9 percentage points below the rate observed in the first quarter of 2020. In the same period, the OECD labour force participation rate (i.e. the share of people of working-age who are either employed or unemployed) increased by 0.4 percentage point, to 71.7%, still 0.9 percentage point below its level in the first quarter of 2020. Some care is needed in interpreting the latest developments in the OECD employment rate, as a large part of the increase in the third and, to a lesser extent, fourth quarter of 2020 reflects the return to work of furloughed workers in Canada and the United States, where they are recorded as unemployed, whereas in most other countries, they are recorded as employed. Indeed, the sharp increase in the number of furloughed workers in the second quarter of 2020 made a large contribution to the fall in the employment observed in these two countries. In the euro area, the employment rate continued to increase, to 67.3% in the fourth quarter of 2020 (from 66.8% in the third quarter). However, it remained 0.7 percentage point below the rate observed in the first quarter of 2020. -
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development ______English - Or
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ___________________________________________________________________________________________ English - Or. English Sustainable Development ROUND TABLE ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Preparing for the World Summit: Some Information about Sustainable Development Vangelis Vitalis This document is a background paper for the Round Table on Sustainable Development, which has as its theme “Preparing for the World Summit on Sustainable Development.” The meeting will take place at OECD Headquarters, 2, rue André Pascal, 75016 Paris on 11 July 2002, starting at 09.00 am. The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of the OECD or any of its Member countries. For further information please contact Vangelis Vitalis, Chief Adviser, Round Table on Sustainable Development, OECD, 2 rue André Pascal, 75016 Paris, tel: +33 1 45 24 14 57; fax: +33 1 45 24 79 31; email: [email protected] English - Or. English 1 Sustainable Development: The Global Environment Climate Change Key International Commitments ½ Montreal Protocol (1987, amended 1990,1991 and 1992): Elimination of CFCs and halocarbons1. ½ Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992): Prevent dangerous human interventions in the global climate.2 ½ Kyoto Protocol (1997): Emission reductions by a range of industrialised countries of at least 5% below 1990 levels, by 2008-20123. (not in force) Agenda 21 (Rio 1992) ½ Protecting the Atmosphere (chapter 9): Clarifying the science; improving energy use; reducing stratospheric ozone depletion; -
Oecd Development Centre
OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Working Paper No. 276 EXTRACTING THE MAXIMUM FROM THE EITI by Dilan Ölcer Research area: Global Development Outlook February 2009 Extracting the Maximum from the EITI DEV/DOC(2009)1 This series of working papers is intended to disseminate the Development Centre’s research findings rapidly among specialists in the field concerned. These papers are generally available in the original English or French, with a summary in the other language. Comments on this paper would be welcome and should be sent to the OECD Development Centre, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; or to [email protected]. Documents may be downloaded from: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp or obtained via e-mail ([email protected]). The opinions expressed and arguments employed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or of the governments of its Member countries Cette série de documents de travail a pour but de diffuser rapidement auprès des spécialistes dans les domaines concernés les résultats des travaux de recherche du Centre de développement. Ces documents ne sont disponibles que dans leur langue originale, anglais ou français ; un résumé du document est rédigé dans l’autre langue. Tout commentaire relatif à ce document peut être adressé au Centre de développement de l’OCDE, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; ou à [email protected]. Les documents peuvent être téléchargés à partir de: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp ou obtenus via le mél ([email protected]). -
Oecd Development Centre
OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Working Paper No. 262 STRENGTHENING PRODUCTIVE CAPACITIES IN EMERGING ECONOMIES THROUGH INTERNATIONALISATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE APPLIANCE INDUSTRY by Federico Bonaglia and Andrea Goldstein Research area: Policy Coherence and Productive Capacity Building July 2007 Strengthening Productive Capacities in Emerging Economies through Internationalisation DEV/DOC(2007)5 DEVELOPMENT CENTRE WORKING PAPERS This series of working papers is intended to disseminate the Development Centre’s research findings rapidly among specialists in the field concerned. These papers are generally available in the original English or French, with a summary in the other language. Comments on this paper would be welcome and should be sent to the OECD Development Centre, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; or to [email protected]. Documents may be downloaded from: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp or obtained via e-mail ([email protected]). THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED AND ARGUMENTS EMPLOYED IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHORS AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THOSE OF THE OECD OR OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF ITS MEMBER COUNTRIES CENTRE DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DOCUMENTS DE TRAVAIL Cette série de documents de travail a pour but de diffuser rapidement auprès des spécialistes dans les domaines concernés les résultats des travaux de recherche du Centre de développement. Ces documents ne sont disponibles que dans leur langue originale, anglais ou français ; un résumé du document est rédigé dans l’autre langue. Tout commentaire relatif à ce document peut être adressé au Centre de développement de l’OCDE, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France ; ou à [email protected]. -
Oecd Development Centre
OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Working Paper No. 111 (Formerly Technical Paper No. 111) GROW NOW/CLEAN LATER, OR THE PURSUIT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT? by David O’Connor Research programme on: Economic Opening, Technology Diffusion, Skills and Earnings March 1996 OCDE/GD(96)51 Technical Paper N°. 111, "Grow Now/Clean Later, or Pursuit of Sustainable Development ?", by David O'Connor, produced as part of the research programme on economic Opening, Technologiy Diffusion, Skills and Earnings, March 1996. TABLE OF CONTENTS RÉSUMÉ .............................................................................................................. 6 SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................. 8 PREFACE ............................................................................................................. 9 I. THE ENVIRONMENT-GROWTH TRADEOFF: QUOI DE NEUF? ............ 11 II. THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE EAST ASIAN "MIRACLE"....................... 15 III. THE COSTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION............................ 27 IV. THE COSTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT ........................... 31 V. LESSONS FOR TODAY'S LATE INDUSTRIALISERS................................ 37 ANNEX A: WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN THE HPAEs? 39 NOTES ................................................................................................................. 43 REFERENCES .................................................................................................... -
Banking on Development: Private Banks and Aid Donors in Developing Countries
OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Working Paper No. 263 BANKING ON DEVELOPMENT: PRIVATE BANKS AND AID DONORS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES by Javier Rodríguez and Javier Santiso Research area: Financing Development November 2007 Banking on Development: Private Banks and Aid Donors in Developing Countries DEV/DOC(2007)6 DEVELOPMENT CENTRE WORKING PAPERS This series of working papers is intended to disseminate the Development Centre’s research findings rapidly among specialists in the field concerned. These papers are generally available in the original English or French, with a summary in the other language. Comments on this paper would be welcome and should be sent to the OECD Development Centre, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; or to [email protected]. Documents may be downloaded from: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp or obtained via e-mail ([email protected]). THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED AND ARGUMENTS EMPLOYED IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHORS AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THOSE OF THE OECD OR OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF ITS MEMBER COUNTRIES CENTRE DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DOCUMENTS DE TRAVAIL Cette série de documents de travail a pour but de diffuser rapidement auprès des spécialistes dans les domaines concernés les résultats des travaux de recherche du Centre de développement. Ces documents ne sont disponibles que dans leur langue originale, anglais ou français ; un résumé du document est rédigé dans l’autre langue. Tout commentaire relatif à ce document peut être adressé au Centre de développement de l’OCDE, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; ou à [email protected]. -
POLICY BRIEF No. 34
DEVELOPMENT CENTRE POLICY BRIEFS OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE POLICY BRIEF No. 34 In its research activities, the Development Centre aims to identify and analyse problems the implications of which will be of concern in the near future to both member and non-member countries of BANKING ON DEVELOPMENT the OECD. The conclusions represent a contribution to the search for policies to deal with the issues involved. PRIVATE FINANCIAL ACTORS AND DONORS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES The Policy Briefs deliver the research findings in a concise and accessible way. This series, with its wide, targeted and rapid distribution, is specifically intended for policy and decision makers in the fields concerned. by This Brief militates for the creation of an Innovation Laboratory Javier Santiso for Development Finance to enhance interactions between public donors and private actors in development finance. It further argues for deeper involvement of actors from emerging and developing countries; multi-directional global alliances between financiers; a ● A large, untapped reservoir of potential partnerships between databank of current best practices and projects in public/private private financial institutions (banks, asset managers, private partnerships for development; and alliances between donors and equity firms, etc.) and aid donors remains to be fully exploited. private banks to alleviate the negative impact of Basel II rules. Finally, the Brief proposes the creation of a Development Finance ● Banks, private equity and asset management firms are Award in recognition of those institutions most prepared to exploit important parts of a broad set of private actors in the field. the synergies between private lenders and the public sector in pursuit of development objectives. -
Oecd Development Centre
OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Working Paper No. 266 Informal Employment Re-loaded by Johannes Jütting, Jante Parlevliet and Theodora Xenogiani January 2008 Informal Employment Re-loaded DEV/DOC(2008)2 DEVELOPMENT CENTRE WORKING PAPERS This series of working papers is intended to disseminate the Development Centre’s research findings rapidly among specialists in the field concerned. These papers are generally available in the original English or French, with a summary in the other language. Comments on this paper would be welcome and should be sent to the OECD Development Centre, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; or to [email protected]. Documents may be downloaded from: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp or obtained via e-mail ([email protected]). THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED AND ARGUMENTS EMPLOYED IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHORS AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THOSE OF THE OECD OR OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF ITS MEMBER COUNTRIES CENTRE DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DOCUMENTS DE TRAVAIL Cette série de documents de travail a pour but de diffuser rapidement auprès des spécialistes dans les domaines concernés les résultats des travaux de recherche du Centre de développement. Ces documents ne sont disponibles que dans leur langue originale, anglais ou français ; un résumé du document est rédigé dans l’autre langue. Tout commentaire relatif à ce document peut être adressé au Centre de développement de l’OCDE, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; ou à [email protected]. Les documents peuvent être téléchargés à partir de: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp ou obtenus via le mél ([email protected]). -
OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators Globalisation Economic on Handbook OECD
2005 « STATISTICS STATISTICS M Measuring Globalisation easuring Globalisation OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Although globalisation’s impact on national economies is well recognised, little quantitative information is available to shed light on the issues involved in debates on the subject. The purpose of this manual is not to evaluate the many consequences of globalisation, but rather to measure its extent and intensity. The manual defines the concepts and puts forward guidelines for data collection and the fine-tuning of globalisation indicators. Measuring Globalisation The proposed indicators apply by and large to multinational firms – the major players in the process of globalisation – particularly in the areas of trade, international investment and technology transfer. OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators OECD’s books, periodicals and statistical databases are now available via www.SourceOECD.org, our online library. This book is available to subscribers to the following SourceOECD themes: Statistics: Sources and Methods Industry, Services and Trade General Economics and Future Studies Science and Information Technology Ask your librarian for more details of how to access OECD books on line, or write to us at [email protected] www.oecd.org ISBN 92-64-10808-4 2005 92 2005 06 1 P -:HSTCQE=VU]U]U: 2005 Measuring Globalisation OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. -
Household Income and Wealth
HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND WEALTH INCOME AND SAVINGS NATIONAL INCOME PER CAPITA HOUSEHOLD DISPOSABLE INCOME HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS INCOME INEQUALITY AND POVERTY INCOME INEQUALITY POVERTY RATES AND GAPS HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HOUSEHOLD FINANCIAL ASSETS HOUSEHOLD DEBT NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS BY HOUSEHOLDS HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND WEALTH • INCOME AND SAVINGS NATIONAL INCOME PER CAPITA While per capita gross domestic product is the indicator property income may never actually be returned to the most commonly used to compare income levels, two country but instead add to foreign direct investment. other measures are preferred, at least in theory, by many analysts. These are per capita Gross National Income Comparability (GNI) and Net National Income (NNI). Whereas GDP refers All countries compile data according to the 1993 SNA to the income generated by production activities on the “System of National Accounts, 1993” with the exception economic territory of the country, GNI measures the of Australia where data are compiled according to the income generated by the residents of a country, whether new 2008 SNA. It’s important to note however that earned on the domestic territory or abroad. differences between the 2008 SNA and the 1993 SNA do not have a significant impact of the comparability of the Definition indicators presented here and this implies that data are GNI is defined as GDP plus receipts from abroad less highly comparable across countries. payments to abroad of wages and salaries and of However, there are practical difficulties in the property income plus net taxes and subsidies receivable measurement both of international flows of wages and from abroad. NNI is equal to GNI net of depreciation.