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Microbiomes of Gall-Inducing Copepod Crustaceans from the Corals Stylophora Pistillata (Scleractinia) and Gorgonia Ventalina
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Microbiomes of gall-inducing copepod crustaceans from the corals Stylophora pistillata Received: 26 February 2018 Accepted: 18 July 2018 (Scleractinia) and Gorgonia Published: xx xx xxxx ventalina (Alcyonacea) Pavel V. Shelyakin1,2, Sofya K. Garushyants1,3, Mikhail A. Nikitin4, Sofya V. Mudrova5, Michael Berumen 5, Arjen G. C. L. Speksnijder6, Bert W. Hoeksema6, Diego Fontaneto7, Mikhail S. Gelfand1,3,4,8 & Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko 6,9 Corals harbor complex and diverse microbial communities that strongly impact host ftness and resistance to diseases, but these microbes themselves can be infuenced by stresses, like those caused by the presence of macroscopic symbionts. In addition to directly infuencing the host, symbionts may transmit pathogenic microbial communities. We analyzed two coral gall-forming copepod systems by using 16S rRNA gene metagenomic sequencing: (1) the sea fan Gorgonia ventalina with copepods of the genus Sphaerippe from the Caribbean and (2) the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata with copepods of the genus Spaniomolgus from the Saudi Arabian part of the Red Sea. We show that bacterial communities in these two systems were substantially diferent with Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria more prevalent in samples from Gorgonia ventalina, and Gammaproteobacteria in Stylophora pistillata. In Stylophora pistillata, normal coral microbiomes were enriched with the common coral symbiont Endozoicomonas and some unclassifed bacteria, while copepod and gall-tissue microbiomes were highly enriched with the family ME2 (Oceanospirillales) or Rhodobacteraceae. In Gorgonia ventalina, no bacterial group had signifcantly diferent prevalence in the normal coral tissues, copepods, and injured tissues. The total microbiome composition of polyps injured by copepods was diferent. -
Comprehensive Phylogenomic Analyses Resolve Cnidarian Relationships and the Origins of Key Organismal Traits
Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses resolve cnidarian relationships and the origins of key organismal traits Ehsan Kayal1,2, Bastian Bentlage1,3, M. Sabrina Pankey5, Aki H. Ohdera4, Monica Medina4, David C. Plachetzki5*, Allen G. Collins1,6, Joseph F. Ryan7,8* Authors Institutions: 1. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution 2. UPMC, CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique, 29680 Roscoff, France 3. Marine Laboratory, university of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA 4. Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 5. Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA 6. National Systematics Laboratory, NOAA Fisheries, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution 7. Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, USA 8. Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3172v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 21 Aug 2017, publ: 21 Aug 20171 Abstract Background: The phylogeny of Cnidaria has been a source of debate for decades, during which nearly all-possible relationships among the major lineages have been proposed. The ecological success of Cnidaria is predicated on several fascinating organismal innovations including symbiosis, colonial body plans and elaborate life histories, however, understanding the origins and subsequent diversification of these traits remains difficult due to persistent uncertainty surrounding the evolutionary relationships within Cnidaria. While recent phylogenomic studies have advanced our knowledge of the cnidarian tree of life, no analysis to date has included genome scale data for each major cnidarian lineage. Results: Here we describe a well-supported hypothesis for cnidarian phylogeny based on phylogenomic analyses of new and existing genome scale data that includes representatives of all cnidarian classes. -
Final Corals Supplemental Information Report
Supplemental Information Report on Status Review Report And Draft Management Report For 82 Coral Candidate Species November 2012 Southeast and Pacific Islands Regional Offices National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Department of Commerce Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Background ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Methods .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 MISCELLANEOUS COMMENTS RECEIVED ...................................................................................................... 3 SRR EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 4 2. General Background on Corals and Coral Reefs .................................................................................... 4 2.1 Taxonomy & Distribution ............................................................................................................. -
Cnidarian Immunity and the Repertoire of Defense Mechanisms in Anthozoans
biology Review Cnidarian Immunity and the Repertoire of Defense Mechanisms in Anthozoans Maria Giovanna Parisi 1,* , Daniela Parrinello 1, Loredana Stabili 2 and Matteo Cammarata 1,* 1 Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.G.P.); [email protected] (M.C.) Received: 10 August 2020; Accepted: 4 September 2020; Published: 11 September 2020 Abstract: Anthozoa is the most specious class of the phylum Cnidaria that is phylogenetically basal within the Metazoa. It is an interesting group for studying the evolution of mutualisms and immunity, for despite their morphological simplicity, Anthozoans are unexpectedly immunologically complex, with large genomes and gene families similar to those of the Bilateria. Evidence indicates that the Anthozoan innate immune system is not only involved in the disruption of harmful microorganisms, but is also crucial in structuring tissue-associated microbial communities that are essential components of the cnidarian holobiont and useful to the animal’s health for several functions including metabolism, immune defense, development, and behavior. Here, we report on the current state of the art of Anthozoan immunity. Like other invertebrates, Anthozoans possess immune mechanisms based on self/non-self-recognition. Although lacking adaptive immunity, they use a diverse repertoire of immune receptor signaling pathways (PRRs) to recognize a broad array of conserved microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMP). The intracellular signaling cascades lead to gene transcription up to endpoints of release of molecules that kill the pathogens, defend the self by maintaining homeostasis, and modulate the wound repair process. -
The Earliest Diverging Extant Scleractinian Corals Recovered by Mitochondrial Genomes Isabela G
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The earliest diverging extant scleractinian corals recovered by mitochondrial genomes Isabela G. L. Seiblitz1,2*, Kátia C. C. Capel2, Jarosław Stolarski3, Zheng Bin Randolph Quek4, Danwei Huang4,5 & Marcelo V. Kitahara1,2 Evolutionary reconstructions of scleractinian corals have a discrepant proportion of zooxanthellate reef-building species in relation to their azooxanthellate deep-sea counterparts. In particular, the earliest diverging “Basal” lineage remains poorly studied compared to “Robust” and “Complex” corals. The lack of data from corals other than reef-building species impairs a broader understanding of scleractinian evolution. Here, based on complete mitogenomes, the early onset of azooxanthellate corals is explored focusing on one of the most morphologically distinct families, Micrabaciidae. Sequenced on both Illumina and Sanger platforms, mitogenomes of four micrabaciids range from 19,048 to 19,542 bp and have gene content and order similar to the majority of scleractinians. Phylogenies containing all mitochondrial genes confrm the monophyly of Micrabaciidae as a sister group to the rest of Scleractinia. This topology not only corroborates the hypothesis of a solitary and azooxanthellate ancestor for the order, but also agrees with the unique skeletal microstructure previously found in the family. Moreover, the early-diverging position of micrabaciids followed by gardineriids reinforces the previously observed macromorphological similarities between micrabaciids and Corallimorpharia as -
MECHANISMS of IMMUNE RESPONSES in CNIDARIANS Mecanismos De Respuesta Inmune En Cnidarios
ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/actabiol/index ARTÍCULO DE REVISIÓN MECHANISMS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES IN CNIDARIANS Mecanismos de respuesta inmune en cnidarios Iván Darío OCAMPO1, Luis F. CADAVID1 1 Departamento de Biología e Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia. Carrera 30 nº. 45-08, Of. 209. For correspondence. [email protected] Received: 28 October 2014; Returned for revision: 2 December 2014; Accepted: 12 December 2014. Associate Editor: Adriano Gomes da Silva. Citation / Citar este artículo como: Ocampo ID, Cadavid LF. Mechanisms of immune responses in cnidarians. Acta biol. Colomb. 2015;20(2):5-11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v20n2.46728 ABSTRACT The immune system maintains the integrity of the organisms through a complex network of molecules, cells, and tissues that recognize internal or external antigenic substances to neutralized and eliminate them. The mechanisms of immune response have evolved in a modular fashion, where members of a given module interact strongly among them, but weakly with members of other modules, providing robustness and evolvability to the immune system. Ancestral modules are the raw material for the generation of new modules through evolution. Thus, the study of immune systems in basal metazoans such as cnidarians seeks to determine the basic tool kit from which the metazoans started to construct their immune systems. In addition, understanding the immune mechanisms in cnidarians contributes to decipher the etiopathology of coral diseases of infectious nature that are affecting coral reefs worldwide. Keywords: coral diseases, cnidarian immunity, evolutionary immunology. RESUMEN El sistema inmune mantiene la integridad de los organismos vivos por medio de una red compleja de moléculas, células y tejidos que reconocen sustancias antigénicas internas o externas para neutralizarlas y eliminarlas. -
Corals Seriatopora Hystrix and Stylophora Pis Tilla Ta
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published October 5 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. I Influence of the population density of zooxanthellae and supply of ammonium on the biomass and metabolic characteristics of the reef corals Seriatopora hystrix and Stylophora pis tilla ta Ove Hoegh-Guldberg*, G. Jason Smith** Department of Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, California 90024-1606, USA ABSTRACT: In May 1987, the population density of zooxanthellae in the reef coral Seriatopora hystrix around Lizard Island (Great Barrier Reef) varied within and between colonies. This naturally occurring variabhty made it possible to examine the effect of the population density of zooxanthellae on the physiological characteristics of S. hystnx and its zooxanthellae. As the population density of zooxanthel- lae increased, the chlorophylla content and maximum rate of photosynthesis of the zooxanthellae decreased. Phytoplankton studies suggest that cellular chlorophyll content will increase if cells are self- shaded or will decrease if cells are nitrogen-limited. To test the hypothesis that zooxanthellae in S. hystrix and Stylophora pistillata are nitrogen-limited at their highest population densities, colonies of S. hystrix and S. pistillata with high densities of zooxanthellae were incubated in aquaria to which ammonium (ca 10 to 40pfi4) was added at regular intervals. After 3wk, the population density, chlorophylla content and maximum rate of photosynthesis of the zooxanthellae had significantly increased, indicating that the biomass of zooxanthellae in reef corals can be lirmted by the availability of inorganic nitrogen to the association. INTRODUCTION that maintain the ratio of symbiont to host biomass (Muscatine & Pool 1979). Little is known about these Zooxanthellae are dinoflagellate endosymbionts control mechanisn~s. -
Characteristics of the Infestation of Seriatopora Corals by the Coral Gall Crab Hapalocarcinus Marsupialis Stimpson, 1859 on the Great Reef of Toliara, Madagascar
Symbiosis DOI 10.1007/s13199-016-0391-1 Characteristics of the infestation of Seriatopora corals by the coral gall crab Hapalocarcinus marsupialis Stimpson, 1859 on the great reef of toliara, Madagascar Lucas Terrana1 & Guillaume Caulier1 & Gildas Todinanahary2 & Gilles Lepoint3 & Igor Eeckhaut1,2 Received: 9 June 2015 /Accepted: 22 February 2016 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016 Abstract This study describes the association between the confirmed that these crabs are filter-feeders and do not feed obligatory symbiont coral gall crab Hapalocarcinus on their host. This association perfectly highlights the difficul- marsupialis and its stony coral hosts Seriatopora sp.within ties to define the symbiotic status of a symbiont if one con- the Great Reef of Toliara in Madagascar and attempts to dis- siders inflexible the three categories of symbiosis commonly cuss their symbiotic status through comparison with previous defined. studies. These corals are inhabited by crabs living in galls that can be categorised in four distinct morphological stages, Keywords Coral gall crab . Stony coral . Cryptochiridae . where the first one corresponds to a small bud and the last Madagascar one represents a completely closed gall surrounding the crab inside. Within the reef, 563 colonies of Seriatopora species were observed by scuba-diving at ten different stations: 1 Introduction 37.8 % of them were infested by H. marsupialis, with a total of 763 galls, and with a majority of stage 4 galls. Galls are Coral reefs are considered to be a crucial ecosystem for the monopolised by females that can have different morphologies. biosphere as they allow the development of thousands of dif- Females store the sperm in two spermathecae and are fertilised ferent marine species. -
Elucidating the Multiple Genetic Lineages and Population Genetic Structure of the Brooding Coral Seriatopora (Scleractinia: Pocilloporidae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OIST Institutional Repository Elucidating the multiple genetic lineages and population genetic structure of the brooding coral Seriatopora (Scleractinia: Pocilloporidae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago Author Yuichi Nakajima, Akira Nishikawa, Akira Iguchi, Tomofumi Nagata, Daisuke Uyeno, Kazuhiko Sakai, Satoshi Mitarai journal or Coral Reefs publication title volume 36 number 2 page range 415-426 year 2017-03-14 Publisher Springer Berlin Heidelberg Rights (C) 2017 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Coral Reefs. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-017-1557-x Author's flag author URL http://id.nii.ac.jp/1394/00000821/ doi: info:doi/10.1007/s00338-017-1557-x Elucidating the multiple genetic lineages and population genetic structure of the brooding coral Seriatopora (Scleractinia: Pocilloporidae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago Yuichi Nakajima1,*, Akira Nishikawa2, Akira Iguchi3, Tomofumi Nagata4, Daisuke Uyeno5, Kazuhiko Sakai2, Satoshi Mitarai1 1Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan 2Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan 3National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Henoko, Nago, Okinawa 905-2192, Japan 4Okinawa Prefecture Environment Science Center, Kyozuka, Urasoe, Okinawa 901-2111, Japan 5Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] Keywords: Genetic differentiation; Genetic diversity; Microsatellite; Mitochondrial DNA; Species diversity Abstract The elucidation of species diversity and connectivity is essential for conserving coral reef communities and for understanding the characteristics of coral populations. -
Fossil Corals from Eniwetok Atoll
Fossil Corals from Eniwetok Atoll By JOHN W. WELLS BIKINI AND NEARBY ATOLLS, MARSHALL ISLANDS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 260-DD A description of corals from drill holes on Eniwetok Atoll UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, vVASHINGTON : 1964 CONTENTS Page 1101 IntroductionAbstract------------------------------------------------------------------- _______________________________________________________________ 1101 Post-~iocene corals--------------------------------------------------------- 1101 ~iocene corals------------------------------------------------------------- 1101 Eocene corals------------~-------------------------------------------------- 1102 Systematic descriptions______________________________________________________ 1103 References-------------------------------------------------------------~--- 1110 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates 296-300 follow p. 1111] PLATl!:s 296-299. ~iocene corals. 296. Actinastrea and Stylocoeniella. 297. Stylophora, Seriatopora, Pocillopora, and Acropora. 298. Acropora, Dendracis, Leptoseris, and Discotrochus. 299. Alveopora, Acanthophyllia, Cyphastrea, Acrhelia, and Heliopora. 300. Eocene corals: Actinastrea, Stylophora, Favia, and Platygyra. TABLE Page TABLE 1. Distribution of corals from drill holes on Eniwetok AtolL___________ In pocket III BIKINI AND NEARBY ATOLLS, MARSHALL ISLANDS FOSSIL CORALS FROM ENIWETOK ATOLL By JoHN W. WELLS ABSTRACT age. According to Cole (1957) onthe basis of the larger Fossil corals were recovered from the cores and cuttings of Foraminifera, the Oligocene is· -
Adaptive Divergence in a Scleractinian Coral: Physiological Adaptation of Seriatopora Hystrix to Shallow and Deep Reef Habitats Bongaerts Et Al
Adaptive divergence in a scleractinian coral: physiological adaptation of Seriatopora hystrix to shallow and deep reef habitats Bongaerts et al. Bongaerts et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011, 11:303 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/303 (17 October 2011) Bongaerts et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011, 11:303 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/303 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Adaptive divergence in a scleractinian coral: physiological adaptation of Seriatopora hystrix to shallow and deep reef habitats Pim Bongaerts1,2*, Cynthia Riginos1, Kyra B Hay3, Madeleine JH van Oppen4, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg2,5 and Sophie Dove1,2 Abstract Background: Divergent natural selection across environmental gradients has been acknowledged as a major driver of population and species divergence, however its role in the diversification of scleractinian corals remains poorly understood. Recently, it was demonstrated that the brooding coral Seriatopora hystrix and its algal endosymbionts (Symbiodinium) are genetically partitioned across reef environments (0-30 m) on the far northern Great Barrier Reef. Here, we explore the potential mechanisms underlying this differentiation and assess the stability of host-symbiont associations through a reciprocal transplantation experiment across habitats (’Back Reef’, ‘Upper Slope’ and ‘Deep Slope’), in combination with molecular (mtDNA and ITS2-DGGE) and photo-physiological analyses (respirometry and HPLC). Results: The highest survival rates were observed for native transplants (measured 14 months after transplantation), indicating differential selective pressures between habitats. Host-symbiont assemblages remained stable during the experimental duration, demonstrating that the ability to “shuffle” or “switch” symbionts is restricted in S. hystrix. Photo-physiological differences were observed between transplants originating from the shallow and deep habitats, with indirect evidence of an increased heterotrophic capacity in native deep-water transplants (from the ‘Deep Slope’ habitat). -
Coral Seriatopora Hystrix and Its Associated Symbiodinium
Genetic Divergence across Habitats in the Widespread Coral Seriatopora hystrix and Its Associated Symbiodinium Pim Bongaerts1,2,3*, Cynthia Riginos4, Tyrone Ridgway2,5, Eugenia M. Sampayo2,3,6, Madeleine J. H. van Oppen7,8, Norbert Englebert2, Francisca Vermeulen2,9, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg1,3 1 Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 2 Centre for Marine Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 3 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 4 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 5 Climate Change Group, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, Queensland, Australia, 6 Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 7 Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia, 8 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia, 9 School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand Abstract Background: Coral reefs are hotspots of biodiversity, yet processes of diversification in these ecosystems are poorly understood. The environmental heterogeneity of coral reef environments could be an important contributor to diversification, however, evidence supporting ecological speciation in corals is sparse. Here, we present data from a widespread coral species that reveals a strong association of host and symbiont lineages with specific habitats, consistent with distinct, sympatric gene pools that are maintained through ecologically-based selection. Methodology/Principal Findings: Populations of a common brooding coral, Seriatopora hystrix, were sampled from three adjacent reef habitats (spanning a ,30 m depth range) at three locations on the Great Barrier Reef (n = 336).