SITE GUIDE

Puraa National Park,

Far away and out-of-the-way,but where else can you see Andean Condor, Noble Snipe, Shining Sunbeam, Glowing Puffleg, and the White-rimmedBrush- ?

StevenL. Hilty and JamesR. Silliman

Location: The southern end of the Cen- high elfin forest on exposedridges and ance in large part to various speciesof tral in Colombia. slopesnear treeline. In this cold, damp Espeletiawhose nearest ecological coun- world where winter comes each night, terpartsare the giantSenecio and Lobeha Description: Purac6National Park is an Lilliputian trees with their sculptured of African volcanos. 80,000 ha region of rugged mountains canopiesconceal a dark understoryof rangingfrom about2500 to 4700 m ele- tangled,mossy branches and a treacher- General information: Purac6 Park was vation. The nucleusof the park is a chain ous floor of fallen trunks and accumulat- established ifi 1968 and is administered of seven volcanosincluding the still ac- ed debris.In wetter regionsabove 2900- by INDERENA, the natural resources tive Volc•n Purac6. These volcanos are 3000 m the dwarf broadleaf forest is agencyof the Colombian government surroundedby a vast wilderness area mixed with bamboo (Chusquea), Wax Directresponsibility for the parkis taken composedmostly of densewet mountain Palms (Ceroxylon), giant grassesand by the National Park Division of the forestthat givesway to rollingpararno at other tall monocots. INDERENA officein Popay•n.Camping higherelevations. The park is drainedby Above 3200-3500 m thereis a gradual is permittedin the park and overnight a series of mountain torrents that form the transition to pararno, a tropical alpine accommodations in stone chalets with headwaters of three of Colombia's most zone of mixed grassesand shrubs.The bedsand fireplacesare availableat the •mportantrivers, the Cauca,Magdalena, pararnois a spongy,soggy land of quak- park headquartersin Pilimbal•. For in- and Caquetfi.Many hot sulphursprings ing bogs, wet meadowsand cold lakes formationabout accommodations or park are scatteredthroughout the park. lying beneathleaden skies. The vegeta- conditions,contact the INDERENA of- tion is dominatedby tussockgrasses, ricein Popayfin(Calle 4, #4-38) or write Climate and vegetation commum'ties: cushionplants, spiny ground bromeliads, to: Director,Parque Nacionales, INDER- Purac•'sclimate is characteristicallycold variousspecies of Ericaceae,Eriocaula- ENA, Popayfin,Colombia. and wet. Sunnymornings can changeto ceae, Saxifragaceae,and a peculiar ro- As the climate is generallycold, wet driving mist, fog or rain in minutes,and sette-shrub,, of the composite andwindy, visitors should dress warmly, snow and sleet commonly fall on the family. Indeed, the pararnoowes its re- preferablywith severallayers of wool, a summitsand upper slopesof the vol- markable, almostextraterrestrial appear- heavyjacket and gloves;raingear is es- canos. The drier periods are January- March and June-Augustalthough weath- er is unpredictableand visitors should expectrain at any time of the year. Fre- quently the conditionsare such that it maybe rainingon oneside of the Andean divide in the park while remainingclear on the other. Daytime high temperatures typicallyvary from the 60søFat the low- est elevationto the 40s in the pararno, andnighttime lows are often below freez- ing at higherelevations. The dominant vegetationcommunity •s upper montanewet forest (temperate forest)characterized by rathershort trees w•th gnarledand twisted branches and a densefoliage of smallwaxy leaves.Bro- mehads, mosses and other epiphytes crowd most available surfaces.At pro- gress•velyhigher elevationsthe forest shnnksin stature,culminating in a 3-4 m Fig. 1. PuracdNational Park, Colombia.Detail of boxedarea is shownin Fig. 3.

Vol 37, Number 3 247 sential. Surfaced walkways are main- tainednear the headquartersat Pilimbalfi, and at the Termales de San Juan, but else- wheretrails are wet and muddy.Tall rub- ber bootsare advisedfor hiking in the paramoß

Access:The nearestinternational airport is at Cali. Rental cars are available at the Call airport or at better hotels and are recommendedalthough the northernsec- tion of the park can be reachedby busor taxi from Popayfin.Most visitorsto the parkwill stayin Popayfinat the charming Hotel Monasterio; second choice is the Hotel Balcones,both now underrepairs and reopeningin December. Alternates include the Hotel Yalconia near San Agustin,and the Hotel de Turismoin Co- conuco. Accessto the park is mostconvenient from the Popayfin--Neiva road that crossesthe park's northernend (map). The drive from Popayfinto the western Fig. 2. PuracdNational Park headquartersat PilimbaM (3300m). The woodedravines in the park boundary,a distanceof 45 km, re- centerand leftharbor many species typical of theupper temperate zone in theColombian Andes. quires about one and one-half hours. Thereare also two otheraccess points, neither servedby public transportation. ./ EXPLANATION One at the southwestboundary is reached [• Neiva via the terminus of the road going PARK BOUNDARY throughCoconuco and is called Paletarfi. The other, on the southeasternflank, can UNPAVED ROAD Oilbird Y only be reached by road from San Agustfnand lsnosin the MagdalenaVal- RIVER ley and is called Chupayal dei Perico. Thereare INDERENA inspectorsat both TRAIl. pointsbut no overnightaccommodations. Versaties- ['•i A trail connects these latter two roads. ß CABINS Birders with limited time should con- centrate their attention either on the AzucarT northernend of the park, where a day's Laguna Sanchez $CALECkm.) visit shouldinclude a stop at Pilimbalfi rmales de and a drive acrossthe park to the Ter- %• •-•)( SanJuan malesde SanJuan, or they shouldplan a oneday visit to the moreheavily forested Paletarfiregion. The Chupayaldel Perico areashould only be attemptedby visitors stayingin San Agustlfi as driving time from Popayfinis two days.

-•.,,, . - • Volcan Birding: About 190 speciesof birdsare %'• • • / ß . Purace presentlyknown from the park, including Tierra Adentro• • •{ / •J a remarkable number of unusual and rela- tively little-knownspecies. Unfortunate- ly manyare inconspicuousor confinedto CondorCliffs.J/• • •--• relatively specializedhabitats and as a •C • • ' Pilimbala consequence,first time visitorsor those without specific information often see relativelyfew . The following sec- tions•xeat the major habitatsand access North•r• •ector o• P•rac• National Park. pointsand should aid in locatingmany of the mostinteresting species.

248 AmericanBirds, May-June 1983 THE NORTHERN ENTRANCES

Pilimbald and the Pdramo of Pur- acg. Approaching the park from Po- payAn,watch for a prominentrocky cliff face on the left near km 154. The cliff overlooksa large canyonand waterfall, andprovides a regularroost for a pair of Andean Condors. The condors can usual- ly be seenby visitors who amve early. About a kilometer beyond the condor overlook, take a well-marked right turn and follow the road steeply uphill for about two kilometers, then take a narrow left turn that leads to the recreational area at Pilimbalfi (3300 m). Here there is a picnic area, small restaurant (usually open), hot sulphur spring baths, and overnightaccommodations (see General Information section). Pilimbalfi is situat- ed in the midstof pasturelandand potato fields that are broken by a shrub-bor- dered streamsand isolated patches of woodland. In these bushes and trees a numberof temperatezone birds can be Fig. 4. Pararnodominated by Espeletiasp. and tussock grass south of thePopayan-Neiva road seen such as Shining Sunbeam, Great and westof Laguna San Rafael. A few temperateshrubs, here growingabove the normal Sapphirewing,Golden-breasted Puffleg, treeline, can be seenon the more well-drainedslope behind. Crimson-mantledWoodpecker, Brown- backedChat-Tyrant, White-throatedTy- rannulet, Tufted Tit-Tyrant, Golden- From Pilimbalfi there is a trail to the zard-Eagleand CarunculatedCaracara, fronted Redstart, Cinereous Conebill, top of Volcan Purac•, an ascentof about whichcan be seenanywhere in the Pilim- Black Flower-Piercer, Scarlet-bellied 1400 m. Round-triprequires about eight balfi or Volc•n Purac6 area. Mountain-Tanager,Pale-naped Brush- hours.The trail is bothmuddy and rocky Finch and Plain-colored Seedeater. Taw- but it passesthrough the pfiramoof Vol- ny Antpittasoften given their distinctive cfin Purac•, a good placeto see pfiramo three-notewhistle from the edgeof near- birds. Visitors attempting this hike by fields. shouldbe in goodphysical condition and thoseplanning to climb as highas 3900- 4000 m or highershould ask for a guide as the trail canbe difficultto find, espe- cially in fog. Beginningat Pilimbalfi,the trail paral- lels a shrub-lined stream to the southwest andeventually opens into a wetpasture at the baseof a steepridge. PararnoPipits Fig. 6. A viewof VolcanPuracd, with bunch and PlumbeousSierra- frequent grass in the foreground. thepasture. After a scrambleup thesteep ridge ahead,the trail follows the top of the ridge southeastinto fine tussock Quebrada Tierra Adentro: This tribu- grass-and Espeletia-dominatedpfiramo tary of the Rio San Francisco flows andsoon passes two ponds.Here at about throughthe narrowforested canyon just 3600 m, severalpfiramo birds may be north of the main road below Pilimbalfi. seenor heardincluding Tawny Antpitta, Severalspecies rarely seenelsewhere in Andean Tit-Spinetail, Grass (Short- the park occur in the canyon bottom at billed Marsh) Wren and Noble Snipe. 2950 m elevations. Beyondand still higher, thick tussock The trail entrancebegins on the east grasspredominates and the Many-striped sideof a smallrocky hill on the left of the Canastero is common. Between 3900- road about 3 km beyond the main turn 4000 m the vegetationbecomes sparse leadingto Pilimbalfi.As the trail is diffi- and impoverished.In this area, near the cult to follow it may be helpful to ask for • •.• o N d , upperlimit of vegetation,the Bar-winged a guide at Pilimbalfi. After descending Fig. 5. Panorama of temperatezone forest Cinclodesand Plain-capped Ground-Ty- throughcultivated land, the trail drops (Montane Wet Forest) Chupayaldel Perico rant are found. One should also be alert steeplyinto the canyonwhere the sides entrance (southwest)above !snos, 2600m. for Andean Condor, Black-chested Buz- are covered with forest and thick under-

Vol. 37, Number 3 249 growth. From here to the bottom watch visitors to roadsideshrubbery; the rare for Andean Guan, Tyrian and Viridian Mountain Avocetbill has been seen here metaltails,Sword-billed Hummingbird, as well. Golden-plumedParakeet (rare), Gray- breasted Mountain-Toucan (not found Versalies. On the north side of the road at elsewherein the park), PowerfulWood- km 127 a trail beginningat a smallfarm- pecker,Rufous Antpitta, BarredBecard, housedescends 200 m to the canyonof HoodedMountain-Tanager, Superciliar- the Rfo Bed6n, known here as Versalies. ied Hemispingusand Black-headedHe- The valley floor at about2500 m is the mispingus.In 1972 the Crescent-faced lowestelevation in the park. The sidesof Antpitta, a speciespreviously known the canyonare coveredwith denseforest onlyfrom Ecuador,was found here (Leh- and thick undergrowth.Birds of this re- mann, F. C., J. R. Silliman and E. Eisen- gion, often in mixed flocks, include mann, Condor 79:387-388). Pearled Treerunner, Citrine Warbler, Plush-cappedFinch, Grass-greenTan- Laguna San Rafael. Eastwardon the ager, and White-rimmed Brush-Finch Popayfin-Neivaroad, a trail by a small (rare) as well as mostspecies of temper- INDERENA cabin at km 142 leads north ate forest zones. Noisy flocks of 5-20 into a broadboggy basin and to the banks White-cappedTanagers are occasionally of the R•6 Bed6n near LagunaSan Ra- seen or heard on or below the canyon rim. fael. In the dwarf forest alongthe road- Fig. 7. Rio Bed6n, Puracd National Park. side or at the head of the trail White- Habitat of Torrent Duck and White-capped At the bottomof the trail a smallpas- browedSpinetail and PararnoSeedeater Dipper. ture bordersthe Rio Bed6n.Visitors stay- can sometimes be found, and in bushes may contain Agile Tit-Tyrant, Black- ing untildusk can sometimes see Oilbirds and tall grassthe White-chinnedThistle- crested Warbler, Golden-fronted Red- flying low overrivulets flowing from hot tail. This is the only otherknown locality start, Blue-backed Conebill, Glossy springsat the westend of the pasture.At for the Crescent-facedAntpitta in the Flower-piercer, Golden-crowned Tan- the southwesterncorner of the pasturea park. In the Espeletia further down the ager, Lacrimose Mountain-Tanager, log (corduroy)trail follows the Rfo San trail Andean Siskins and Plumbeous Sier- Black-cappedHemispingus and Slaty Marcos through river bottom forest for ra-Finches are common, and Grass Brush-Finch.The Plush-cappedFinch, a about two km to an abandoned farm. In Wrenssing from sedges. Noble Snipe oc- of uncertaintaxonomic affinity and addition to most speciesmentioned casionallyflush from the boggy lower often placedin a family of its own, can above,several birds more typical of sub- end of the trail; SpeckledTeal are resi- alsobe foundhere regularly. It is almost tropical elevationsoccur here. A sam- dent on the lake. alwaysseen in bambooand accompany- pling includesMountain Velvetbreast, ing mixedflocks. The Buff-wingedStar- Sword-billedHummingbird, Green-and- frontletand Glowing Puffleg are frequent black Fruiteater,Slaty-backed Chat-Ty- Termalesde San Juan. BeyondLaguna San Rafael the Popayfin-Neiva road crosses several kilometers of rather bleak pfiramoand then squeezes through a nar- row gorge of the Rio Bed6n. White- cappedDippers can be seen along this sectionof the river and a pair or more of Torrent Ducks are usually present al- thougheasily overlooked. To seethe lat- ter, visitorsshould carefully examine the whitewaterrapids and rocks at eachbend in the river. Just ahead at km 132 a small rustic visitors' center and a hotel now under construction mark the trail entrance to the Termales de San Juan. The Termales consist of a remarkable concentration of hot bubblingpools, steamingvents and clear sulphursprings that pock-marka round basin. Blackened trees suffocated by excessivesulphur fumes ring the basin as if in mute testimonyto someformer holocaust. It is worth a visit. A walk alongthe road in eitherdirec- tion from the cabinor alongthe bamboo- lined trail leadingto the termalescan be rewarding.Mixed flocks, especiallyac- Fig. 8. Dense temperateforest. Chusqueabamboo and treefernsalong the roadsideat the tive here in misty and foggy weather, Paletara entrance to the park.

250 AmericanBirds, May-June 1983 rant, Rufous-headed Pygmy-Tyrant, Capped Conebill, Beryl-spangledTan- ager and Gray-hoodedBush-Tanager.

Cueva de los Gudcharos (Purac• Oilbird Cave). Several kilometers beyond the maineastern boundary of thepark a small sign by a houseon the right (aboutkm 122) announcesthe trail entranceto the Oilbird cave. Between December and early July a large colony of Oilbirds breed in the cave. At this time a few can normally be seen from the elevated boardwalk that ends just inside the floodedcave entrance.A stronglight is helpful. Duringthe latterhalf of the year mostof the Oilbirdsmigrate to lower ele- vations.

THE SOUTHWESTERN ENTRANCE

Paletard. This is perhapsthe mostscenic and spectacularportion of the park. On Fig. 9. HeavilyJbrested slopes above the Rio Beddn(3200m) near the Termales de SanJuan A clearmornings magnificent views of the hotelis nowbeing constructed under park jurisdiction near thissite. volcanosand vastpitramos are worththe trip alonealthough the bestbirding be- ginsnear the park entrance at about2900 m. Here in a misty world of mountain tion of 2800 m, traversesmostly low bamboo,giant grassesand epiphyte-en- stuntedand irregular forest dominated in crustedtrees, many birdsof the temper- manyplaces by palms,and finally ends atezone may be seen.This is a particular- about 9 km inside the park. ly good place to see Buff-breasted Most visitorswill begin birding near Mountain-Tanager and Black-headed the well-markedpark entranceor at the Hemispingus.It is a good idea to walk inspector'scabin where fruiting palms sectionsof the roadabout 2V2 km beyond often attractgroups of AndeanGuans. the inspector'scabin to look for mixed Otherfruiting trees in the vicinitymay flocks. This is perhapsthe bestregion in attract Crested Quetzal, Band-tailedPi- the park to seegroups of Black-backed geons and occasionallyBlack-billed Bush-Tanagersand the veryrare Masked Mountain-Toucans. Other birds of the Mountain-Tanager.If time permits the area, often with mixed flocks, include remaining10 km of the roadshould also Collared Inca, Black-billed Pepper- be covered.The road winds througha shrike, Black-throated Tody-Tyrant, superbwilderness of wet forest, mossy Mountain Cacique, Grass-greenTanager road banks and deep forested ravines. and the rare White-rimmed Brush-Finch. Near the end of the road a trail on the left Swallow-tailedNightjars roost on road leadsto Lagunade Buey, a largelake 2 cuts a kilometer or two above and below km away. the park entrancebut most visitorsare morelikely to seethis spectacularnight- jar at duskwhen it salliesfrom roadsides THESOUTHEASTERNENTRANCE or low concretebridge abutments. Fig. 10. Falls of Rio Beddnat 3200m, Puracd Thepark also protects several interest- National Park. Chupayal del Perico. This is the least ing andvery little knownmammals, in- visited sectionof the park and the one cludingthe MountainTapir, Spectacled The followinglist includesmost birds mostlikely to producenew birdsfor the Bear (endangered),and diminutive Pudu known from the Park. The specieslist parklist. Drivingtime fromSan Agustfn, Deer. All are extremely secretiveand followsMeyer de Schauensee,R., 1970, site of Colombia's most famous archeo- rarely seen. TheBirds of SouthAmerica. Subtropical, logicalpark, is about2 hours.The en- temperateand pftramozone are denoted trance lies in a subtropical-temperate S, T, and P respectively;c, u, or r de- transition zone at 2600 m where an inter- notescommon, uncommonor rare, m is a estingmixture of birdscharacteristic of migrant. Rating: •January-March higherand lower zones overlap. Beyond Acknowledgments.We thank Willie A. and June-September, •*April-May the entrance the road climbs to an eleva- Cornellfor draftingthe maps. and October-December.

Vol. 37, Number 3 251 Sometanagers ofColombia. Illustration bypermission ofGuy Tudor, from A Guideto the Birds of Colombia by Steven Hdty andWilliam L. Brown.To be publishedby PrincetonUniversity Press, 1984. ¸ by PrincetonUniversity Press. Species marked (P) are found at Purace National Park. Birds are 40% actual size. White-cappedTanager Grass-greenTanager HoodedMountain-Tanager Sericossypha Chloromis r. riefferii Buthraupismontana albocristata • (P) cucullata (P) (P)

Masked Mountain-

Tanager Black-chested Buthraupis Mountain-Tanager wetmorei (P) Buthraupiseximia zimmeri (P) Buff-breasted Mountain-Tanager Dubusia t. taeniata (P)

Scarlet-bellied Mountain- Tanager Anisognathusigniventris erythrotus (P) Black-cheeked Mountain- Tanager1 Anisognathus melanogenys(N Col.) LacrimoseMountain~Tanager Anisognathuslachrymosus pa/pebrosus (P)

Black-chinned Mountain- Tanager Anisognathusnotabilis (SW Cok) Moss-backedTanager Blue-wingedMountain- Bangsia2 edwardsi Tanager (SW Col.) Anisognathusflavinucha baezae (S Col.)

Purplish-mantled Tanager Iridosomis porphyrocephala Golden-chested (w Cok) Tanager Gold-ringed Bangsia2 rothschildi Tanager Golden-crowned (SW CoL) Bangsia2 Tanager aureocincta Iridosomis Black-and-gold (w CoL) ruff vertex Tanager ignicapillus Bangsia2 melanochlamys (P) (w Cok)

•Consideredby some a raceof A. lachrymosus. 2Consideredby somebetter in genusButhraupis.

252 AmericanB]rds, Nla•,-Jun½1983

White-cappedParrot, Ptonus semlotdes S(r)

The Purace List Yellow-billedCuckoo, Coccyzus americanus S(r)

SquirrelCuckoo, Piaya cayana S(r) Speckled[Andean] Teal, Anasfiavirostris T(c) Oilbird, Steatorniscaripensis ST(local) Blue-wingedTeal, Anas discors T(m) Band-wingedNightjar, Caprimulguslongirostris S(u) Cinnamon Teal, Anas cyanoptera T(r) Swallow-tailedNightjar, Uropsalissegmentata ST(u) Torrent Duck, Merganetta armata ST(u) White-collaredSwift, Streptoprocnezonaris ST(c) Ruddy [Andean] Duck, Oxyurajamaicensis T(r) Chestnut-collaredSwift, Cypseloidesrutilus ST(r) Andean Condor, Vultur gryphus TP(u) SparklingVioletear, Colibri coruscans S(u) Black Vulture, Coragypsatratus STP(c) SpeckledHummingbird, Adelomyia melanogenys S(c) Turkey Vulture, Cathartes aura T(r) ShiningSunbeam, Aglaeactis cupripennis T(c) PlumbeousKite, Ictinia plumbea STP(m) MountainVelvetbreast, Lafresnaya lafresnayi S(u) Sharp-shinnedHawk, Accipiterstriatus ST(u) Great Sapphirewing,Pterophanes cyanopterus TP(c) Black-chestedBuzzard-Eagle, Geranoaetus melanoleucus T(u) CollaredInca, Coeligenatorquata S(c) Broad-wingedHawk, Buteoplatypterus ST(m) Buff-wingedStarfrontlet, Coeligena lutetiae T(u) RoadsideHawk, Buteo magnirostris ST(r) Sword-billedHummingbird, Ensifera ensifera ST(r) White-rumpedHawk, Buteo leucorrhous ST(r) Buff-tailedCoronet, Boissonneaua fiavescens S(u) White-throatedHawk, Buteo albigula T(r) TourmalineSunangel, Heliangelus exortis S(c) Osprey, Pandion haliaetus T(m) GlowingPuffieg, Eriocnemis vestitus T(c) CarunculatedCaracara, Phalcoboenuscarunculatus TP(u) Golden-breastedPuffieg, Eriocnemis mosquera T(c) PeregrineFalcon, Falco peregrinus T(r)m Black-thighedPuffieg, Eriocnemis derbyi T(r) American Kestrel, Falco sparverius ST(u) Purple-backedThombill, Ramphomicronmicrorhynchum Andean Guan, Penelopemontagnii ST(r) ST(u)

American Coot, Fulica americana T(c) ViridianMetaltail, Metallura williami T(u)

GreaterYellowlegs, Tringafiavipes T(m) TyrianMetaltail, Metallura tyrianthina ST(c)

Baird's Sandpiper,Calidris bairdii T(m) Rainbow-beardedThombill, Chalcostigmaherrani T(r)

PectoralSandpiper, Calidris melanotos T(m) MountainAvocetbill, Opisthoprora euryptera T(r)

Noble Snipe, Gallinago nobills TP(u) Long-tailedSylph, Aglaiocercus kingi S(r)

Band-tailedPigeon, Columba fasciata S(c) CrestedQuetzal, Pharomachrus antisianus S(r)

Eared Dove, Zenaida auriculata STP(u) Gray-breastedMountain-Toucan, Andigena hypoglauca T(local) Golden-plumedParakeet, Leptosittaca branickii TP(r) Black-billedMountain-Toucan, Andigena nigrirostris ST(r) Yellow-eared Parrot [Parakeet], Ognorhynchusicterotis T(once, 1976, R. Ridgely) Crimson-mantledWoodpecker, Piculus rivolii STP(c)

254 AmericanB•rds, May-June 1983 Bar-belhedWoodpecker, Venthornts ntgrtceps ST(u) HandsomeFlycatcher, Mytophobus pulcher S(u)

PowerfulWoodpecker, Phloeoceastes pollens S(r) Black-throatedTody-Tyrant, Idioptilon granadense S(u) Bar-wingedCinclodes, Cinclodes fuscus P(u) Rufous-headedPygmy-Tyrant, Pseudotriccus ruficeps S(u) AndeanTit-Spinetail, Leptasthenura andicola TP(u) Tufted Tit-Tyrant, Anairetesparulus T(u) Elegant[Azara's] Spinetail, Synallaxis azarae S(u) Agile Tit-Tyrant, Uromyiasagilis T(c) RufousSpinetail, Synallaxis unirufa ST(c) White-throatedTyrannulet, Mecocerculus leucophrys ST(c) Whlte-browedSpinetail, Synallaxis gularis ST(u) White-bandedTyrannulet, Mecocerculus stictopterus T(u) Wh•te-chinnedThistletail, Schizoeaca fuliginosa TP(u) White-crestedElaenia, Elaenia albiceps T(statusuncertmn) Many-stripedCanastero, Asthenes fiammulata TP(u) MountainElaenia, Elaenia frantzii ST(r) PearledTreerunner, Margarornis squamiger ST(c) Elaeniasp., Elaeniasp. T(statusuncertain) SpottedBarbtail, Premnoplex brunnescens S(r) Black-cappedTyrannulet, Tyranniscus nigrocapillus T(c)

StreakedTuftedcheek, Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii ST(c) Streak-neckedFlycatcher, Mionectes striaticollis S(u)

FlammulatedTreehunter, Thripadectesfiammulatus ST(r) Blue-and-whiteSwallow, Notiochelidoncyanoleuca S(r)

Barred Antthrush, Chamaeza mollissima Brown-belliedSwallow, Notiochelidonmurina STP(c) S(nettedonce, Versalies) Rough-wingedSwallow, Stelgidopteryxruficollis P(once) RufousAntpitta, Grailaria rufula ST(c voice) White-cappedDipper, Cinclusleucocephalus STP(c rivers) Tawny Antpitta,Grailaria quitensis TP(c voice) Rufous Wren, Cinnycerthiaunirufa ST(c) Slate-crownedAntpitta, Grallaricula nana T(r) Grass[Short-billed Marsh] Wren, Cistothorusplatensis Crescent-facedAntpitta, Grallaricula lineifrons T(r) TP(c local)

UrncoloredTapaculo, Scytalopus unicolor ST(u) MountainWren, Troglodytessolstitialis ST(c)

Red-crestedCotinga, Ampelion rubrocristatus ST(u) Gray-breastedWood-Wren, Henicorhinaleucophrys S(c)

BarredBecard, Pachyramphus versicolor S(r) Great Thrush, Turdusfuscater STP(c)

Green-and-blackFruiteater, Pipreola riefferii S(u) Glossy-blackThrush, Turdusserranus S(r)

Plmn-cappedGround-Tyrant, Muscisaxicola alpina P(u) ParamoPipit, Anthusbogotensis P(u)

Streak-throatedBush-Tyrant, Myiotheretes striaticollis T(u) Black-billedPeppershrike, Cyclarhis nigrirostris S(u)

Smoky Bush-Tyrant,Myiotheretes fumigatus S(r) Brown-capped[Warbling] Vireo, Vireo gilvus S(u)

Brown-backedChat-Tyrant, Ochthoeca fumicolor TP(c) MountainCacique, Cacicus leucorhamphus ST(r)

Rufous-breastedChat-Tyrant, Ochthoeca rufipectoralis T(u) BlackburnianWarbler, Dendroicafusca ST(m)

Slaty-backedChat-Tyrant, Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventrisS(u) CanadaWarbler, Wilsonia canadensis ST(m)

CrownedChat-Tyrant, Ochthoecafrontalis T(u) Golden-frontedRedstart, Myioborus ornatus ST(c)

GreaterPewee, Contopusfumigatus S(c) Black-crestedWarbler, Basileuterusnigrocristatus ST(c)

C•nnamonFlycatcher, Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea S(c) Citrine Warbler, Basileuterusluteoviridis ST(c)

Vol 37, Number 3 255 Russet-crownedWarbler, Bastleuteruscoronatus S(r) Short-balledBush-Tanager, Chlorosptngus parvtrostrts S(u)

CinereousConebill, Conirostrumcinereum T(u) Black-backedBush-Tanager, Urothraupis stolzmanni T(u)

Blue-backed Conebill, Conirostrumsitticolor T(c) Gray-hoodedBush-Tanager, Cnemoscopus rubrirostris S(c)

CappedConebill, Conirostrumalbifrons S(u) Black-cappedHemispingus, Hemispingus atropileus ST(c)

Bluish Flower-Piercer,Diglossa caerulescens S(r) SuperciliariedHemispingus, Hemispingus superciliaris ST(u local) GlossyFlower-Piercer, Diglossa lafresnayii T(c) Black-headedHemispingus, Hemispingus verticalis Black [formerlyCarbonated] Flower-Piercer, ST(u local) Diglossahumerails T(c) Grass-greenTanager, Chlorornisriefferii S(u) White-sidedFlower-Piercer, Diglossa albilatera ST(c) Plush-cappedFinch, Catamblyrhynchusdiadema ST(u) MaskedFlower-Piercer, Diglossa cyanea ST(c) Plain-coloredSeedeater, Catamenia inornata TP(c) Beryl-spangledTanager, Tangara nigrovirMis S(u) ParamoSeedeater, Catamenia homochroa T(u) Blue-and-blackTanager, Tangara vassorii ST(u) PlumbeousSierra-Finch, Phrygilus unicolor TP(c) Golden-crownedTanager, Iridosornis ruffvertex T(c) Pale-napedBrush-Finch, Atlapetes pallidinucha T(c) Scarlet-belliedMountain-Tanager, Anisognathusigniventris ST(c) Slaty Brush-Finch,Atlapetes schistaceus ST(c)

LacrimoseMountain-Tanager, Anisognathus lacrymosus ST(c) Stripe-headedBrush-Finch, Atlapetes torquatus ST(r)

HoodedMountain-Tanager, Buthraupis montana ST(c) White-rimmedBrush-Finch, Atlapetes leucopis S(r local)

MaskedMountain-Tanager, Buthraupis wetmorei T(r) Rufous-collaredSparrow, Zonotrichia capensis ST(c)

Black-chestedMountain-Tanager, Buthraupis eximia ST(u) AndeanSiskin, spinescens TP(c)

Buff-breastedMountain-Tanager, Dubusia taeniata ST(u) HoodedSiskin, Spinus magellanicus T(r)

White-cappedTanager, Sericossypha albocristata S(r) Arid LandsInformation Center, Office of Arid Lands Studies,University of Arizona,845 North Park, Tucson,AZ CommonBush-Tanager, Chlorospingus ophthalmicus S(u) 85719 (Hilty)

AmericanBirds regrets having to report that thejunior author,James R. Silliman, waskilled in an automobileaccident in Nicaraguaa few weeksbefore this issue went to press. At thetime Sillimanwas teaching at theuniversity in Leon, Nicaragua, and had spent much time at Puracd NationalPark in gatheringinformation that contributedto thisarticle; AmericanBirds dedi- catesthis issueto his memory.

256 AmericanB•rds, May-June 1983