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4JF12PA: 4-H Member Project Guide, Needlework, Quilting

4JF12PA: 4-H Member Project Guide, Needlework, Quilting

4JF-12PA

4-H Member Project Guides NEEDLEWORK 4-H Needlework—Quilting 4JF-12PA

Purpose To have fun while learning how to use a hand needle and thread and/or machine, fabric, and batting to create useful well-constructed items through the needle art of quilting (hand and/or machine).

Contents 4-H Needlework—Young Junior Quilting (Ages 9 to 11) Let’s Learn to Hand ...... 3 4-H Needlework—Young Junior Quilting (Ages 9 to 11) Let’s Learn to Machine Quilt ...... 5 4-H Needlework—Beginner Quilting Hand Quilting—Pillow Talk ...... 7 4-H Needlework—Beginner Machine Quilting Machine Quilting—Pillow Talk ...... 9 4-H Needlework—Intermediate Quilting Hand Quilting—Piecing It Together ...... 11 4-H Needlework—Intermediate Quilting Machine Quilting—Quilt as You Go ...... 13 4-H Needlework—Advanced Quilting It Down by Hand ...... 15 4-H Needlework—Advanced Quilting Stitch It Down by Machine ...... 17 4JF-12PA 4-H Needlework—Quilting

4-H Needlework—Young Junior Quilting Member Project Guide (Ages 9 to 11) Let’s Learn to Hand Quilt

Quilting by hand can be fun and creative!

DO What you will do: Learn new skills. Practice the skills—learn by doing You will learn to: Make one or more of the suggested • Select fabric and batting appropriate to Practice/Service Projects. Consider the project giving some of them as gi s to friends • Transfer pattern to fabric and family. The Practice Projects in- clude: holiday ornament, coaster, jar • Sandwich fabric, batting, and backing cover, and pin cushion. See your lead- together er/teacher or county agent for copies of • Identify hand sewing needles and the pa ern and instructions. thread appropriate to the selected fabric Practice/Service Projects cannot be exhibited in and project 4-H Needlework at the Kentucky State Fair. • Thread a needle and knot the thread Hand quilt and exhibit a final • Baste properly for quilting project • Start and end quilting thread Create one 8-inch square hot pad. • Form a hand quilt stitch Now that you have practiced hand • Use a thimble when quilting quilting and are familiar with the skills involved, it is time to make your APPLY fi nal project. Ask your leader/teacher or county agent for the pa ern and Using the skills listed above, practice what handout. you have learned and complete a project. Keep a record of what you have quilted Ask your parent or leader to help you fi ll out the 4-H Needlework Record for your project. Check off the skills you have learned. Store the record in a folder or three-ring notebook to review before you begin next year’s quilting project.

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What you will need: Clutter Control • 100% cotton fabric or “cheaters” cloth • Quilting pattern Equipment and supplies have a tendency to get lost. Here are some suggestions to • Cotton quilting thread help keep everything safe and in good • Cotton batting condition: • Quilting thimble • Use a 1-gallon bag with a zip top for • Basic sewing kit to include: tape mea- your quilting project (put your name sure, dressmaker’s shears, thread clips, on it) marking pencils/pens, pins and pin • Use a small container to hold your cushion, hand needles (sharps) basic sewing kit • Iron • Use a cloth or sturdy bag with han- • Ironing board dles to carry all supplies • Use a pocket folder or three-ring SHARE binder to store handouts and patterns Show others what you have learned.

What you can do: Source: Nita Benson, Kentucky Certifi ed Master Clothing Volunteer • Participate in your club, county, district, and/or state Demonstration Contest • Exhibit at your county Fair, Festival, and/or Rally Day and the Kentucky State Fair (4-H Project Card required) • Investigate participating in your county Fashion Revue

4 University of Kentucky - Cooperative Extension Service - College of Agriculture 4JF-12PA 4-H Needlework—Quilting

4-H Needlework—Young Junior Quilting Member Project Guide (Ages 9 to 11) Let’s Learn to Machine Quilt

This is the fi rst of three levels of machine quilting. Let’s have fun and learn to make a sewing machine quilt.

DO What you will do: Learn new skills. Practice the sills and techniques—learn by doing Skills to be learned: Make one or more of the suggested • Selecting fabric and batting appropriate Practice/Service Projects. Consider to project giving some of them as gi s to friends • Preparing and straightening fabric and family. The Practice Projects in- clude: fringed and machine-quilted • Cutting fabric and batting to size of coaster, holiday ornament, baby mo- project bile, and/or hot pad. See your leader/ • Sandwiching fabric and batting together teacher or county agent for copies of • Transferring quilting pattern design to the pa ern and instructions. fabric Ask your leader/teacher or your coun- • Pinning and basting technique for ty agent for a copy of the handouts quilting and pa ern. • Basic sewing machine use and parts Practice/Service Projects cannot be exhibited in 4-H Needlework at the Kentucky State Fair. • Basic machine quilt making Machine quilt and exhibit a APPLY final project Using skills from the above list, practice Make one 12-by-18-inch rectangle what you have learned and complete a proj- place mat with fringed edges. ect. Remember to keep a record of what you Now that you have practiced machine have learned. quilting and are familiar with the skills involved, it is time to make a project to exhibit. Fabric suggestions

University of Kentucky - Cooperative Extension Service - College of Agriculture 5 4-H Needlework—Quilting 4JF-12PA

include: homespun, Osnaburg, or any SHARE other loosely woven fabric. Ask your leader/teacher or county agent for the Show others what you have learned. pa ern and handout. What you can do: Keep a record of what you have quilted • Participate in your club, county, district, and/or state Demonstration Contest Ask your parent or leader to help you fi ll out the 4-H Needlework Record • Exhibit at your county Fair, Festival, for your project. Check off the skills and/or Rally Day and the Kentucky you have learned. Store the record in State Fair (4-H Project Card required) a folder or notebook to review before you begin next year’s quilting project. Clutter Control What you will need: Equipment and supplies have a tendency • 100% cotton fabric (homespun or to get lost. Here are some suggestions to Osnaburg fabric for top and back) help keep everything safe and in good condition: • Quilting design/pattern • Cotton or polyester batting • Use a 1-gallon bag with a zip top for your quilting project (put your name • Masking tape on it) • Sewing machine • Use a small container to hold your • All-purpose sewing thread basic sewing kit supplies • Walking foot (optional) • Use a cloth or sturdy bag with han- • Basic sewing kit to include: tape mea- dles to carry all your supplies sure, dressmaker’s shears, thread clips, • Use a pocket folder or three-ring marking pencils/pens, pins, pin cushion, binder to store handouts and patterns and hand needles (sharps) • Iron • Ironing board Prepared by: Nita Benson, Owen County Certifi ed Master Clothing Volunteer

6 University of Kentucky - Cooperative Extension Service - College of Agriculture 4JF-12PA 4-H Needlework—Quilting

4-H Needlework—Beginner Quilting Member Project Guide Hand Quilting—Pillow Talk Let’s be creative by using our designing, piecing, and hand-quilting skills all in one project.

DO APPLY Learn new skills. Use the skills above as well as others you may have already learned to practice and You will learn to: complete a project. • Select a quilt design to hand transfer to What you will do: fabric • Select fabric and batting appropriate to Practice the techniques and the project skills—learn by doing • Select and cut fabrics for Hand quilting is an art as well as a design skill. The more you quilt and practice • Transfer pattern to fabric for quilting the skills you are learning, the be er you will become at them. • Piece a design together • Sandwich fabric, batting, and backing Try a Practice/Service Project— together learn by sharing • Identify hand sewing needles and Make one or more of the suggested thread appropriate to the selected fabric Practice/Service Projects. Consider giv- and project ing some of them as gi s to friends and family. The Practice/Service Projects in- • Thread a needle and knot the thread clude: pot holder, hot pad, place mat, pin • Baste properly for quilting cushion, holiday ornament. See your • Press to distribute bulk leader/teacher or county agent for copies of the pa ern and instructions. • Start and end the quilting thread Practice/Service Projects cannot be exhibited in • Form a hand quilt stitch 4-H Needlework at the Kentucky State Fair. • Use a thimble when quilting • Make an envelope back pillow Hand quilt and exhibit a final project • Make one 14-inch hand-quilted patchwork pillow.

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Now that you have practiced hand quilt- SHARE ing and piecing and are familiar with the skills involved, it is time to make your proj- Show others what you have learned. ect. Ask your leader/teacher or county agent for the pa ern and handouts. What you can do: • Participate in club, county, district, Keep a record of what you have and/or state Demonstration Contest quilted • Exhibit in your county Fair, Festival, Ask your parent or leader to help you and/or Rally Day and the Kentucky fi ll out the 4-H Needlework Record. State Fair (4-H Project Card required) Check off the skills you have learned. • Investigate participating in county and Store the record in a folder or three- state* Fashion Revue if your project is ring notebook to review before you wearable begin next year’s quilting project. *State Fashion Revue participant must be 14 years What you will need: old by Jan. 1 of the current year. • 100% cotton fabric or “cheaters” cloth • Quilting pattern Clutter Control • Cotton quilting thread Equipment and supplies have a tendency • Cotton or batting to get lost. Here are some suggestions to • Quilting hoop (optional) help keep everything safe and in good condition: • Basic sewing kit to include: tape mea- sure, dressmaker’s shears, thread snips, • Use a 1-gallon bag with a zip top for marking pencils/pens, pins, pin cushion, your quilting project (put your name hand needle (sharps) on it) • Quilting thimble • Use a small container to hold your ba- • Iron sic sewing kit • Ironing board • Use a cloth or sturdy bag with handles to carry all supplies • Use a pocket folder or three-ring bind- er to store handouts and patterns

Source: Karen Mikel, Kentucky Certifi ed Master Clothing Volunteer

8 University of Kentucky - Cooperative Extension Service - College of Agriculture 4JF-12PA 4-H Needlework—Quilting

4-H Needlework—Beginner Machine Quilting Member Project Guide Machine Quilting— Pillow Talk

Using a sewing machine to quilt is fast, easy, and fun!

DO Try a Practice/Service Project— Learn new skills. learn by sharing Make one or more of the suggested You will learn to: Practice/Service Projects. Consider giving some of them as gi s to friends • Select fabric and batting appropriate to and family. The Practice/Service proj- the project ects include: pot holder, place mat, • Prepare and straighten fabrics coaster, and holiday ornament. See • Cut fabric and batting to the size of your leader/teacher or county agent for project copies of the pa ern and instructions. • Sandwich batting between fabrics Practice/Service projects cannot be exhibited in 4-H Needlework at the Kentucky State Fair. • Pin and baste • Sew on a sewing machine and recognize Machine quilt and exhibit a its parts final project • Assemble pieces together for stitching Make one 14-by-14-inch square rag pil- low (machine quilting required on one side only). Ask your leader/teacher or APPLY county agent for the pa ern and Use the skills listed above as well as those handout. from the previous project to practice what Keep a record of what you have you have learned and complete a project. quilted What you will do: Ask your parent or leader to help you fi ll out the 4-H Needlework Record. Practice the techniques and List skills you have learned. Store the skills—learn by doing record in a folder or three-ring note- Machine quilting is an art as well as a book to review before you begin next skill. The more you quilt and practice year’s quilting project. the skills you are learning, the be er you will become at them.

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What you will need: Clutter Control • 100% woven cotton fabric (for top and back of pillow) Equipment and supplies have a tendency to get lost. Here are some suggestions to • Quilting design help you keep everything safe and in good • Cotton or polyester batting condition: • All-purpose thread • Use a 1-gallon bag with a zip top for • Basic sewing kit to include: tape mea- your quilting project (put your name sure, dressmaker’s shears, thread snips, on it) marking pencils/pens, pins, pin cushion, • Use a small container to hold your hand needle (sharps) basic sewing kit • Masking tape • Use a cloth or sturdy bag with • Sewing machine handles to carry all of your supplies • 14-inch pillow form • Use a pocket folder or three-ring • Walking foot (optional, for sewing binder to store handouts and patterns machine) • Iron • Ironing board Source: Karen Mikel, Kentucky Certifi ed Master Clothing Volunteer SHARE Show others what you have learned. What you can do: • Participate in your club, county, district, and/or state Demonstration Contest • Exhibit at your county Fair, Festival, and/or Rally Day and the Kentucky State Fair (4-H Project Card required) • Investigate participating in county and state Fashion Revue if your project is wearable* *State Fashion Revue participant must be 14 years old by Jan. 1 of the current year.

10 University of Kentucky - Cooperative Extension Service - College of Agriculture 4JF-12PA 4-H Needlework—Quilting

4-H Needlework—Intermediate Quilting Member Project Guide Hand Quilting—Piecing It Together

Piecing can be fast and accurate with the use of rotary cutting equipment. Adult supervision is required for this project.

DO Try a Practice/Service Project— learn by sharing Learn new skills and refi ne old ones. Consider giving some of these projects You will learn to: as gi s to friends or family. Practice/ Service Project suggestions include: • Cut fabric strips, with supervision, using machine-pieced place mat in the rail the rotary cutting technique fence pa ern, pillow sham, table run- • Pin pieces of patchwork together and ner, seat cushion, pillow, hot pad, stitch curtain valance, and tote. See your • Quilt around seam allowance and leader/teacher or county agent for copies of the pa ern and instructions. design Practice/Service Projects cannot be exhibited in • Apply binding to finish the edge 4-H Needlework at the Kentucky State Fair. APPLY Hand quilt and exhibit a final project Practice what you have learned and com- plete a project. Make one 24-by-24-inch (minimum) pieced and hand-quilted item in any What you will do: shape. Now that you have practiced piecing and Practice the techniques and hand quilting and are familiar with the skills skills—learn by doing involved, it is time to make your project. This Hand quilting and accurate piecing is item can be a wall hanging, baby quilt, tree an art as well as a skill. The more you skirt, lap quilt, or any 24-by-24-inch (mini- sew and practice what you are learn- mum) item that has been pieced and hand ing, the be er you will become. quilted. Ask your leader/teacher or county agent for pa erns and handouts.

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Keep a record of what you have SHARE quilted Show others what you have learned. Ask your parent or leader to help you fi ll out the 4-H Needlework Record. What you can do: Check off the skills you have learned. Store the record in a folder or three- • Participate in your club, county, district, ring notebook to review before you and/or state Demonstration Contest begin next year’s quilting project. • Exhibit in your county Fair, Festival, and/or Rally Day and the Kentucky What you will need: State Fair (4-H Project Card required) • 100% cotton fabric • Investigate participating in your county and state* Fashion Revue if your project is • Quilt pattern wearable • Rotary cutter * State Fashion Revue participant must be 14 years • Rotary ruler old by Jan. 1 of the current year. • Rotary mat • Rotary cutter safety glove • Batting Clutter Control • Sewing machine Equipment and supplies have a tendency • Backing fabric to get lost. Here are some suggestions to help keep everything safe and in good • All-purpose thread for basting condition. • Basic sewing kit to include: tape mea- • Use a 1-gallon bag with a zip top for sure, dressmaker’s shears, thread snips, your quilting project (put your name marking pencils/pens, pins, pin cushion, on it) hand needle (sharps) • Use a small container to hold your • Quilting thimble basic sewing kit • Curved basting needles • Use a cloth or sturdy bag with han- • Quilting needles (betweens) dles to carry all supplies • Cotton quilting thread • Use a pocket folder or three-ring • Quilting hoop binder to store handouts and patterns • Iron • Ironing board Source: Karen Mikel, Kentucky Certifi ed Master Clothing Volunteer

12 University of Kentucky - Cooperative Extension Service - College of Agriculture 4JF-12PA 4-H Needlework—Quilting

4-H Needlework—Intermediate Quilting Member Project Guide Machine Quilting—Quilt as You Go

The “quilt-as-you-go” technique allows you to quilt each block independently. These smaller block units are more manageable when sewing by machine. Two or more quilted block units can be assembled into a full-size quilted item of your choice. There are many quilting patterns. The log cabin pattern, for example, dates to the Civil War era. It is constructed using narrow strips of light and dark values of fabrics. Placement of the strips creates many design variations.

DO Try a Practice/Service Project— learn by sharing Learn new skills and refi ne old ones. Practice Projects include: holiday or- You will learn to: nament, pillow, table runner, tote or purse, and photo album cover. See • Measure and rotary cut fabrics your leader/teacher or county agent for • Select and place light- and dark-value copies of the pa ern and instructions. fabrics to create a quilt pattern Practice/Service Projects cannot be exhibited in • Machine quilt by the sew-and-flip 4-H Needlework at the Kentucky State Fair. method Machine quilt and exhibit a APPLY final project Practice what you have learned and com- Select from one of the following: plete a project. • One 24-by-24-inch (minimum) item, such as a baby quilt, tree skirt, lap What you will do: quilt, wall hanging Practice the techniques and • Two (or more) 14-by-14-inch (or skills—learn by doing larger) squares to make a complete item, such as tote, pillow, chair pad, Machine quilting is an art as well as a place mat, or other item skill. The more you quilt and practice the skills, the be er you will become Ask your leader or county agent for at them. copies of the pa erns and instructions.

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Keep a record of what you have SHARE quilted Show others what you have learned. Ask your parent or leader to help you fi ll out the 4-H Needlework Record. What you can do: List the skills you have a empted and check off those you have mastered. • Participate in your club, county, district, Store the record in a folder or three- and/or state Demonstration Contest ring notebook to review before you • Exhibit at your county Fair, Festival, begin next year’s quilting project. and/or Rally Day and the Kentucky State Fair (4-H Project Card is required) What you will need: • Investigate participating in county and • 100% cotton assorted light and dark co- state* Fashion Revue if your project is ordinating fabrics wearable • Rotary cutter *State Fashion Revue participant must be 14 years old by Jan. 1 of the current year. • Rotary cutter mat • Rotary cutter ruler • Rotary cutter glove Clutter Control • Sewing machine Equipment and supplies have a tendency • Basic sewing kit to include: tape mea- to get lost. Here are some suggestions to sure, dressmaker’s shears, thread snips, help keep everything safe and in good marking pencils/pens, pins, pin cushion, condition. hand needle (sharps) • Use a 1-gallon bag with a zip top for • Walking foot (optional—for sewing your quilting project (put your name machine) on it) • Cotton batting or fusible fleece • Use a small container to hold your • Backing fabric basic sewing kit • Iron • Use a cloth or sturdy bag with handles to carry all your supplies • Ironing board • Use a pocket folder or three-ring binder to store handouts and patterns

Source: Karen Mikel, Kentucky Certifi ed Master Clothing Volunteer

14 University of Kentucky - Cooperative Extension Service - College of Agriculture 4JF-12PA 4-H Needlework—Quilting

4-H Needlework—Advanced Quilting Member Project Guide Stitch It Down by Hand

Have a great time taking advantage of all of the things you can create with the skills you have learned.

DO or your county agent for a copy of the handouts and pa ern for these Prac- Learn new skills and refi ne old ones. tice/Service Projects. Practice/Service Projects cannot be exhibited in You will learn to: 4-H Needlework at the Kentucky State Fair. • Manipulate large amounts of fabric and batting into a finished product Hand quilt and exhibit • Finish project appropriately a final project • Hand appliqué using several different Now that you have practiced hand techniques quilting and hand appliquéing and are familiar with the skills involved, it is time to make your project. APPLY Make one 24-by-24-inch (minimum) Use skills you have already learned in hand-quilted and hand-appliquéd addition to those listed above to practice and item. Suggestions: tree skirt, quilt, or complete a project. wall hanging. Ask your leader/teacher for guidance in selecting an item. For What you will do: other ideas, check your local library for quilting books, look at quilting Practice your skills—learn magazines, or visit various fabric or by doing quilting shops. Your county Extension Make one or more of the suggested agent may also be a source for quilting Practice/Service Projects. Consider giv- ideas and books. ing some of these as gi s to friends or Keep a record of what you have family. Suggested Practice Projects in- quilted and appliquéd clude a hand-quilted candle mat (pat- tern included in the 4-H Needlework Take time to fi ll out the 4-H Needle- Notebook), embellishment on cloth- work Record. List the skills a empted ing, table runner, place mat, photo and check off the skills you have mas- album cover, baby bib, and quilt. All tered. Store the record in a folder or projects should be machine appliquéd three-ring notebook to review as you and quilted. Ask your leader/teacher continue to create quilted items.

University of Kentucky - Cooperative Extension Service - College of Agriculture 15 4-H Needlework—Quilting 4JF-12PA

What you will need: SHARE • 100% cotton fabric Show others what you have learned. • Appliquéd pattern design • Template What you can do: • Freezer • Participate in your club, county, district, and/or state Demonstration Contest • Quilting pattern design • Exhibit in your county Fair, Festival, • Pearl cotton thread or cotton and/or Rally Day and the Kentucky all-purpose sewing thread State Fair (4-H Project Card required) • Batting • Investigate participating in your county • Backing fabric and state Fashion Revue if your project is • Quilting thread wearable* • Basic sewing kit to include: tape mea- *State Fashion Revue participant must be 14 years sure, dressmaker’s shears, thread clips, old by Jan. 1 of the current year. marking pencils/pens, pins, pin cushion, hand needles (sharps) Clutter Control • Iron • Ironing board Equipment and supplies have a tendency to get lost. Here are some suggestions to • Sewing machine help keep everything safe and in good • Quilting needles (betweens) condition: • Quilting thimble • Use a 1-gallon bag with a zip top for • Quilting frame or hoop your quilting project (put your name on it)

• Use a small container to hold your ba- sic sewing kit • Use a cloth or sturdy bag with han- dles to carry all of your supplies • Use a pocket folder or three-ring bind- er to store handouts and patterns

Source: Nita Benson, Kentucky Certifi ed Master Clothing Volunteer

16 University of Kentucky - Cooperative Extension Service - College of Agriculture 4JF-12PA 4-H Needlework—Quilting

4-H Needlework—Advanced Quilting Member Project Guide Stitch It Down by Machine

What fun you will have creating all kinds of machine-quilted items with the skills you have learned!

DO project will be machine-appliquéd and quilted. Ask your leader/teacher Learn new skills and refi ne old ones. or your county agent for a copy of the handouts and pa ern for this Practice/ Skills to be learned include: Service project. • Free-form quilting Practice/Service Projects cannot be exhibited in 4-H Needlework at the Kentucky State Fair. • Quilting around a design • Handling bulk with the sewing machine while quilting Machine quilt and exhibit a final project • Using a walking foot Create one 24-by-24-inch (minimum) • Adjusting sewing machine tension machine-quilted and appliquéd item • Various appliqué techniques using any quilting technique. • Appropriate finishing techniques Suggested projects include: wall hang- ing, baby quilt, tree skirt, lap quilt, APPLY quilted clothing, and large quilt. For other ideas, check your local library Use the skills you have already learned as for quilting books, look at quilting well those listed above to quilt a project. magazines, or visit various fabric and quilting shops. Your county Extension What you will do: agent may also be a source for quilting ideas and books. Practice your skills and techniques—learn by doing Keep a record of what you Make one or more of the suggested have quilted Practice/Service Projects. Consider Ask your parent or leader to help you giving some of these as gi s to friends fi ll out the 4-H Needlework Record. or family. Practice Projects include: a List the skills you have a empted and quilted oven mi (pa ern included in check off the skills mastered. Store the the 4-H Needlework Notebook); holiday record in a folder or three-ring note- stocking; embellishment on clothing; book to review before you begin other baby bib; baby quilt; photo album; quilting projects. purse or tote; and pillow sham. This

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What you will need: SHARE • 100% woven cotton fabric Show others what you have learned. • Sewing machine • Lightweight fusible web What you can do: • All-purpose sewing thread • Participate in your club, county, district, • Freezer paper and/or state Demonstration Contest • Cotton batting • Exhibit in your county Fair, Festival, and/or Rally Day and the Kentucky • Backing fabric State Fair (4-H Project Card required) • Quilting design pattern • Investigate participating in county and • Quilting thimble state Fashion Revue if your project is • Appliqué pattern wearable* • Walking foot (for sewing machine) *State Fashion Revue participant must be 14 years old by Jan. 1 of the current year. • foot (for sewing machine) • Basic sewing kit, to include: tape mea- sure, dressmaker’s shears, thread snips, marking pencils/pens, pins, pin cushion, Clutter Control hand needles (sharps) Equipment and supplies have a tendency • Iron to get lost. Here are some suggestions to • Ironing board help keep everything safe and in good condition: • Use a 1-gallon bag with a zip top for your quilting project (put your name on it) • Use a small container to hold your basic sewing kit • Use a cloth or sturdy bag with handles to carry all your supplies • Use a pocket folder or three-ring binder to store handouts and patterns

Source: Nita Benson, Kentucky Certifi ed Master Clothing Volunteer

Educational programs of Kentucky Cooperative Extension serve all people regardless of race, color, age, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, M. Scott Smith, Director of Cooperative Extension Service, University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Lexington, and Kentucky State University, Frankfort. Copyright © 2004 for materials developed by University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension. This publication may be reproduced in portions or its entirety for educational or nonprofi t purposes only. Permitted users shall give credit to the author(s) and include this copyright notice. Publications are also available on the World Wide Web at www.ca.uky.edu.

Issued 12-2004