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www.bstu.de Stasi Stasi Agency Records Content Introduction 4 Archives 6 Access to Records 8 Public Outreach 12 Torn Documents 20 Regional Reappraisal Work 22 “Campus for Democracy” 24 History of the BStU 26 The BStU and it Regional Offices 28 2 3 Title: BStU Archives, photo: BStU/Dresen | p. 2: MfS file cards, photo: BStU/Böttcher Introduction Democracy, not Dictatorship! This was the message transmitted by the Peaceful Revolution in the GDR in 1989. At great risk to themselves, courageous women and men put a stop to the activities of the SED’s secret police. They seized the offices of the Ministry of State Security and were able to ensure that most of the Stasi records were preserved. Shedding light on what happened. The SED dictatorship lasted An archive for democracy. For the first time ever with access to the 40 years – until the people liberated themselves from oppression. Stasi files citizens were granted access to records a secret police had How could this repressive system have functioned for so long? The previously gathered as a result of massive surveillance. For the first Ministry of State Security (Stasi) was a central instrument of the SED time ever citizens thus obtained wide access to the data a state had state party, which it used to systematically put its own people under amassed outside the rule of law. This short booklet explains how the surveillance and thus asserted its claim to power through repressive records are administrated today and how we inform the public about means. The Stasi files help us today to shed light on the mechanisms, the structure, methods and mode of operation of the Stasi. to identify who worked for the secret police with what intention and how. The better we understand dictatorship, the better we can shape democracy. 4 Roland Jahn 5 Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records (BStU) p. 4: Demonstration on 7 October 1989 in Berlin (East), photo: Andreas Schoelzel | p. 5: photo: rbb Kontraste Archives The Legacy of the MfS The archives in numbers (Berlin and regional offices)* Although the State Security destroyed a massive amount of files, nearly 111 kilometres of shelved documents have been preserved in the archives of the BStU, along with many photographs, film, video Documents: 111 shelf kilometres and audio recordings. This material provides evidence of an appa- ratus of informers in the GDR, and thus it contains documents that Filmed documents: the equivalent of 47 shelf kilometres reveal planned and committed injustices, conformity and betrayal, but also civil courage and resistance. File cards: 41 million Approximately half of these documents were stored in archives created by the Ministry of State Security and classified according to Photos, film negatives, slides: 1.7 million the ministry’s principles of secret information storage. The remain- der, found in a largely disorganised state in Stasi offices, was taken over by the BStU. Thousands of bags of torn up documents were also Film, video and audio recordings: 30,100 found. Fragmented material: 15,000 bags In 2007, in collaboration with the Fraunhofer Institute for Pro- 6 duction Systems and Design Technology (IPK) in Berlin, the BStU 7 * The records of the former ministry headquarters as well as the former district administrations in initiated a pilot project to virtually reconstruct these fragmented Berlin and Potsdam are archived in Berlin; the files of the remaining 13 district administrations and documents (see. p. 21). The technique is currently being tested. local offices are held in the BStU’s 12 regional offices. MfS film reels, photo: BStU/Hertel Access to Records Viewing One’s Personal File Use by Public and Non-Public Entities Everyone has the right to view the documents that the MfS gener- On the request of public and non-public entities, the BStU will dis- ated about him or her. Under certain conditions, close relatives may close whether evidence exists to suggest that certain individuals in also view the files on a missing or deceased relative. important social and political positions cooperated with the Ministry of State Security. It is the responsibility of the requesting entity to Requests to view a file can be submitted to the BStU in Berlin or decide whether the examination should be carried out and what to any of the regional offices. Application forms are available in all consequences are to be drawn. the BStU offices. They can also be downloaded from the Internet (http://www.bstu.bund.de/EN/AccessToRecords/_node.html) or have The Federal Commissioner also provides information for rehabil- sent by mail. itation and restitution claims and for criminal investigations and danger prevention. Additionally, it processes requests regarding To assure that no one gains unauthorized access to someone else’s unresolved property claims, pensions of former MfS employees and file, a signature and an identity confirmation is required. The latter medal awards. can be issued by a registry office or by a BStU employee upon pres- entation of a valid ID. 8 9 Application to view personal files, photo: BStU/Böttcher Research and Media Use Requests in numbers Researchers and media representatives also have the right to view From 1991 to late 2014, the BStU received approx. 7 million requests records. By fulfilling these requests the BStU contributes to the and petitions to view records. historical and political reappraisal of the impact of the East German “state security”. When requested, the BStU will provide records con- Requests from citizens for information, to view cerning the activities of the MfS and the mechanisms of domination records or have copied files released: 3.05 million in both the former GDR and the former Soviet zone of occupation. The BStU also supports research on the Nazi past by providing Requests from researchers and media representatives: 30,500 documents from the Third Reich that the Stasi had used for its own operations. Petitions to vet civil service employees and people in important functions: 1.98 million The film “The Lives of Others”, parts of which were filmed in the archives of the Stasi Records Agency, is perhaps the best-known Petitions concerning rehabilitation, restitution, example of the media addressing the subject of the Stasi and showing criminal investigations: 497,000 how it operated. Staff of the Stasi Records Agency shared its knowl- edge and expertise with the film team during production. Petitions concerning pension claims: 1.16 million 10 A sample request letter for researchers and media representatives is 11 Miscellaneous examinations and petitions: 467,000 available on the BStU homepage. (www.bstu.bund.de/EN) Scene from the film “The Life of Others”, photo: Hagen Keller Public Outreach Travelling and Temporary Exhibitions The exhibition “State Security in the SED Dictatorship”, created jointly by the BStU and ASTAK association (Antistalinistische Aktion), The BStU’s exhibitions provide information on the development, describes the structure and methods of the MfS and shows the structure and mode of operation of the GDR secret police, as well actual people within the apparatus, who took concrete action and as on its methods of surveillance and persecution. The travelling made decisions. Hundreds of thousands of people worked as official exhibition “Feind ist, wer anders denkt” (The Dissenter is the Enemy) employees or unofficial collaborators for the MfS. How did they is shown primarily in the former West German states. It presents come to join the Stasi, what career paths did they take, what was their the history and development of the GDR secret police and describes social and professional background and what kind of work did they the strategies and methods it used against dissenters. Various other do for the Stasi? travelling and temporary exhibitions, often with a local emphasis, are also shown in the regional offices. The “Mielke Level” with the original offices of the Minister of State Security and his staff is incorporated into the exhibition. Permanent Exhibition in the Stasi Museum House 1, Ruschestraße 103, 10365 Berlin Hours: Mon–Fr 10 am–6 pm; Sat, Sun and holidays: 11 pm–6 pm The headquarters of the Stasi was located from 1950 to 1989 on Admission: €6, reduced €4.50, pupils €3 grounds that in the end were 22 hectares in size in Berlin-Lichten- www.stasimuseum.de berg. “House 1”, where Minister Erich Mielke had his offices, formed 12 the central area of the complex. Today it houses the Stasi Museum. 13 Visitors in the “Mielke Suite” in the Stasi Museum at the former Stasi headquarters in Berlin-Lichtenberg, photo: BStU/Dresen School Programs Internet The Stasi Records Agency educates about dictatorship through The BStU homepage (www.bstu.de) aims to inspire an interest in teacher seminars and projects for students at the historic site of historic and political education in many different ways. The site the Stasi headquarters. The educational programs can be combined offers an overview of the information resources provided by the with a visit to the Stasi Archive, the Stasi Museum or a tour of the Stasi Records Agency as well as specialised themes for research on historic grounds. The BStU also provides material designed especially the Stasi. An events calendar shows the events and exhibitions taking for schools. The source material presents examples of teenagers place throughout Germany. who were persecuted by the Stasi, young people who became Stasi collaborators, and official Stasi employees performing their routine Research of selected Stasi records and citizen services can be con- work. ducted in different ways. Several collections of key documents from the Stasi archives relating to research areas of the BStU are accessible online. The site also presents a list of all the BStU’s publications, Events some of which are available as PDF files or a databank.
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