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FAMILY-OF-ORIGIN CHARACTERISTICS of MEN WHO ENGAGE REGULARLY in SEXUALLY ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR Mark Stephen Pfuetze University of Missouri-St

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FAMILY-OF-ORIGIN CHARACTERISTICS of MEN WHO ENGAGE REGULARLY in SEXUALLY ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR Mark Stephen Pfuetze University of Missouri-St University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 12-11-2014 FAMILY-OF-ORIGIN CHARACTERISTICS OF MEN WHO ENGAGE REGULARLY IN SEXUALLY ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR Mark Stephen Pfuetze University of Missouri-St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Pfuetze, Mark Stephen, "FAMILY-OF-ORIGIN CHARACTERISTICS OF MEN WHO ENGAGE REGULARLY IN SEXUALLY ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR" (2014). Dissertations. 209. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/209 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FAMILY-OF-ORIGIN CHARACTERISTICS OF MEN WHO ENGAGE REGULARLY IN SEXUALLY ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR by MARK STEPHEN PFUETZE M.A., Master of Arts in Counseling, Covenant Theological Seminary – St. Louis, 2004 M.Div., Master of Divinity, Covenant Theological Seminary – St. Louis, 2004 B.A., Music Production and Engineering, Berklee College of Music – Boston, MA, 1996 B.A., Music Synthesis, Berklee College of Music – Boston, MA, 1996 B.A., History, University of Kansas – Lawrence, KS, 1993 A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of the UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-ST. LOUIS In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In EDUCATION With an Emphasis In COUNSELING November 2014 Advisory Committee R. Rocco Cottone, Ph.D. Chairperson Susan Kashubeck-West, Ph.D. Mark Pope, Ed.D. Virginia Navarro, Ph.D. Copyright © 2014 by Mark S. Pfuetze ii ABSTRACT The present study surveyed men to assess whether any correlations existed between a man’s sexually addictive behavior and how his family-of-origin addressed sexuality along with demographic factors. A total of 374 male participants (18 years or older) provided complete data sets via the online survey located on SurveyMonkey. The main research question for this study was as follows: Is there a relationship between demographic variables or family factors: (a) negative attitudes and communication about sexuality in one’s family-of-origin, (b) exposure to sexual stimuli in one’s family-of- origin, and (c) open sexual discussion in one’s family-of-origin, and sexual addiction. All three of the hypotheses of this study were supported. Hypothesis 1 predicted that higher levels of negative attitudes and communication about sexuality in one’s family-of-origin would correlate positively to a measure of sexual addiction. Hypothesis 2 predicted that higher levels of exposure to sexual stimuli in one’s family-of-origin would correlate positively to a measure of sexual addiction. Hypothesis 3 predicted that less open sexual discussion in one’s family-of-origin would correlate positively to a measure of sexual addiction. Data collection was accomplished by self-report surveys, Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST, Carnes, 1989), Family Sexuality Scale – Revised (FSS-R, Pfuetze & Cottone, 2013) and a demographic questionnaire. The FSS-R is a Likert-type scale that measures how one’s family-of-origin handled the topic of sexuality. Correlational analysis was used to analyze whether there was a relationship between a man’s sexually addictive behavior and how his family-of-origin handled sexuality. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................1 A. Common Family-of-Origin Factors ....................................................................3 B. Family Environments that Were Rigid or Silent about Sexuality .......................3 C. Family Environments that Were Extremely Open to Sexuality ..........................4 D. Family Environments that Were Negative and Derogatory in their Communication about Sexuality ..............................................................................5 E. Shame-based Families .........................................................................................5 F. Invalidating Families ...........................................................................................6 G. Abusive and Non-abusive Family Environments ...............................................6 H. Definition of Terms .............................................................................................7 1. Sexual Addiction ......................................................................................7 2. Sexually Addictive Behavior ...................................................................8 3. Family-of-Origin ......................................................................................8 I. Purpose of the Study .............................................................................................8 J. Research Hypotheses ..........................................................................................10 L. Significance of the Study...................................................................................10 M. Conclusion ........................................................................................................11 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW ..........................................................................12 A. Sexual Addiction ...............................................................................................13 1. Sexual Addiction Cycle .........................................................................14 2. Common Factors in the Origin of Sexual Addiction .............................15 3. Shame .....................................................................................................16 4. Invalidation, Rejection, and Abandonment ...........................................19 5. Arousal Template ...................................................................................22 6. Core Beliefs ...........................................................................................22 7. Affect Regulation and Maladaptive Coping ..........................................24 B. Family Factors and Sexual Addiction ...............................................................26 1. Openness to Sexual Communication .....................................................26 a. Restrictive families.....................................................................26 b. Permissive families ....................................................................28 2. Family Sexual Communication..............................................................29 a. Sexual education ........................................................................29 b. Different perceptions on communication level ..........................30 c. Infrequency of parental communication ....................................31 d. Indirect communication by parents ............................................31 iv e. Results of parental communication ............................................32 f. Sexually healthy families ............................................................33 3. Negative or Derogatory Communication on Sexual Matters .................35 4. Exposure to Pornography and Sexual Stimuli .......................................37 5. Age-inappropriate Sexual Communication............................................44 C. Demographic Factors Associated with Sexual Addiction .................................46 1. Age .........................................................................................................46 2. Ethnicity/Race ........................................................................................47 3. Relational Status ....................................................................................50 4. Educational Background ........................................................................51 5. Socioeconomic Status ............................................................................51 6. Sexual Orientation - Homosexuality/Heterosexuality ...........................52 7. Traumatic Experiences in Childhood - Sexual and Physical Abuse ......56 a. Sexual abuse ...............................................................................56 b. Abuse and trauma ......................................................................58 c. Abuse and neglect ......................................................................58 d. Abuse and emotional dysregulation ...........................................59 e. Reenacting traumatic abuse through cybersex participation ......60 D. Conclusion ........................................................................................................63 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................65 A. Research Design ................................................................................................65 B. Hypotheses and Research Question ..................................................................66 1. Research Question .................................................................................66
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