DOCSLIB.ORG

Western Rock Lobster Ecology – the State of Knowledge Marine Stewardship Council Principle 2: Maintenance of Ecosystem

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Western Rock Lobster Ecology – the State of Knowledge Marine Stewardship Council Principle 2: Maintenance of Ecosystem Fisheries Research Report No. 236, 2012 Western Rock Lobster Ecology – The State of Knowledge Marine Stewardship Council Principle 2: Maintenance of Ecosystem L.M. Bellchambers, P. Mantel, A. Chandrapavan, M.B. Pember and S.E. Evans Fisheries Research Division Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories PO Box 20 NORTH BEACH, Western Australia 6920 Fisheries Research Report [Western Australia] No. 236, 2012 i Correct citation: Bellchambers, L., Mantel, P., Chandrapavan, A., Pember, M. and Evans, S. (2012). Western Rock Lobster Ecology – The State of Knowledge Marine Stewardship Council Principle 2: Maintenance of Ecosystem. Fisheries Research Report No. 236. Department of Fisheries, Western Australia. 128p. Enquiries: WA Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, PO Box 20, North Beach, WA 6920 Tel: +61 8 9203 0111 Email: [email protected] Website: www.fish.wa.gov.au ABN: 55 689 794 771 A complete list of Fisheries Research Reports is available online at www.fish.wa.gov.au © Department of Fisheries, Western Australia. July 2012. ISSN: 1035 - 4549 ISBN: 978-1-921845-47-5 ii Fisheries Research Report [Western Australia] No. 236, 2012 Contents 1.0 Background to the Western Rock Lobster Managed Fishery ................................. 1 1.1 Biology and Distribution ....................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Distribution .................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 Life History .................................................................................................. 2 1.1.3 Biology ......................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Management of the West Coast Rock Lobster Managed Fishery.......................................... 4 1.3 Marine Stewardship Council Certification (MSC) ................................................. 6 1.4 Ecological Risk Assessment .................................................................................. 7 1.5 Environmental Management Strategy ................................................................... 8 1.6 Ecological Effects of Fishing Scientific Reference Group ................................... 8 2.0 Retained species ............................................................................................................ 9 3.0 Bycatch .......................................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Bycatch ................................................................................................................... 10 3.2 Bait .......................................................................................................................... 10 4.0 Endangered Threatened and Protected Species ....................................................... 14 4.1 Dusky whaler sharks ............................................................................................... 14 4.2 Sea lions and SLEDS .............................................................................................. 15 4.2.1 Background .................................................................................................. 15 4.2.2 Sea Lions at the Houtman Abrolhos Islands ............................................... 16 4.3 Turtles ..................................................................................................................... 17 4.4 Cetaceans ................................................................................................................ 17 5.0 Understanding Habitat Structure ............................................................................... 19 5.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 19 5.2 Kalbarri to Dongara ................................................................................................ 21 5.2.1 Big Bank ..................................................................................................... 21 5.2.2 Kalbarri ........................................................................................................ 21 5.2.3 Oakajee ........................................................................................................ 21 5.2.4 Geraldton ...................................................................................................... 22 5.3 The Abrolhos Islands ............................................................................................ 23 5.3.1 Shallow-water habitats ................................................................................. 23 5.3.2 Deep-water habitats ..................................................................................... 29 5.4 Central Coast (Dongara to Guilderton) .................................................................. 31 5.4.1 Shallow-water habitats ................................................................................. 31 5.4.2 Jurien Bay ................................................................................................... 31 5.4.3 Deep-water habitats ..................................................................................... 35 5.5 Northern Metropolitan Region ............................................................................. 37 5.5.1 Marmion Marine Park .................................................................................. 37 Fisheries Research Report [Western Australia] No. 236, 2012 iii 5.5.2 Ocean Reef – Mullaloo ............................................................................... 38 5.5.3 Sorrento (Hillarys) Boat Harbour ................................................................ 40 5.6 Rottnest Island ........................................................................................................ 40 5.6.1 Shallow-water habitats ................................................................................. 40 5.6.2 Deep-water habitats ..................................................................................... 41 5.7 Southern metropolitan region ................................................................................ 44 5.7.1 Yanchep to Mandurah .................................................................................. 44 5.7.2 Shoalwater Islands Marine Park .................................................................. 46 5.8 Geographe Bay to Cape Leeuwin ........................................................................... 47 5.8.1 Shallow-water habitats ................................................................................. 47 5.8.2 Deep-water habitats ..................................................................................... 47 5.9 Habitats used by P. cygnus ................................................................................... 51 6.0 Ecosystem ...................................................................................................................... 60 6.1 Movement and Behaviour ...................................................................................... 60 6.1.1 Background .................................................................................................. 60 6.1.2 Movement .................................................................................................... 61 6.1.2.1 Shallow-water habitats ...................................................................... 61 6.1.2.2 Deep-water habitats .......................................................................... 63 6.1.3 Behaviour ..................................................................................................... 64 6.1.3.1 Shallow-water habitats ..................................................................... 64 6.1.3.2 Deep-water habitats .......................................................................... 65 6.1.4 Size structure and lobster density ................................................................ 65 6.1.4.1 Shallow-water habitats ...................................................................... 65 6.1.4.2 Deep-water habitats .......................................................................... 67 6.2 Diet and trophic interactions .................................................................................. 71 6.2.1 Background .................................................................................................. 71 6.2.1 Diet ............................................................................................................... 73 6.2.1.1 Shallow-water habitats ...................................................................... 73 6.2.1.2 Deep-water habitats .......................................................................... 78 6.2.2 Predators ...................................................................................................... 79 6.2.2.1 Shallow-water habitats ...................................................................... 79 6.2.2.2 Deep-water habitats .......................................................................... 80 6.2.3 Modeling ...................................................................................................... 80 6.2.3.1 Shallow-water habitats ...................................................................... 80 6.2.3.2 Deep-water habitats .......................................................................... 81 6.3 Climate Change
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Characterizing the Hydrodynamics of Jurien Bay, Western Australia
    Characterizing the Hydrodynamics of Jurien Bay, Western Australia Kellie Holloway June 2006 Professor Charitha Pattiaratchi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Engineering (Applied Ocean Science) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract Abstract Jurien Bay is a small town on the Central West Coast of Western Australia. With an expanding economy based on fishing, aquaculture and tourism and proximity to Perth, Jurien Bay is expected to grow rapidly over the coming years. Increasing anthropogenic pressure has the potential to compromise the currently pristine natural environment. The livelihood of the town and the economy relies on the quality of the marine environment in particular; hence it is important to understand the dynamics of the system. This study investigates the characteristics of circulation in Essex Lagoon, a deep basin to the south of the main Jurien Bay settlement. This area is a particularly important for investigation due to the future impact of the adjacent Ardross Estates development and the aquaculture zone located within Essex Lagoon. An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was deployed in summer 2006 to obtain profiles of current velocity and magnitude over three weeks in Essex Lagoon. This data complemented similar data collected during winter 2002 in Essex Lagoon and was used to carry out a seasonal comparison of currents, to characterize circulation patterns and to examine the potential for outside forcing such as atmospheric pressure systems and the Leeuwin Current to influence circulation. A distinct seasonality was found in the circulation characteristics between summer and winter and this was primarily influenced by seasonality in the wind field.
    [Show full text]
  • Jurien Bay Marine Park & Turquoise Coast Islands
    Periodic Assessment Report – Jurien Bay Marine Park & Turquoise Coast Islands Conservation and Parks Commission - Function The Conservation and Parks Commission’s (Commission) periodic assessments are undertaken primarily to fulfil the functions described in section 19 (g) of the Conservation and Land Management Act 1984, that is to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of management plans by those responsible for implementing them. The assessments also inform the Commission’s policy advice function to the Minister for Environment on the development of policies, amongst others, on the achievement of the purpose of the reservation of the land, for the preservation of the natural environment and the provision of facilities for the enjoyment of that environment by the community; and conservation and management of biodiversity and biodiversity components throughout the State. The periodic assessment was undertaken in accordance with the Commission’s position statement and guidelines for periodic assessments. This document is available on the Commission’s website: www.conservation.wa.gov.au. Approved at Conservation and Parks Commission meeting 20th July 2018 Assessment number: CRMPPA–01/18 Conservation and Parks Commission Block 11, 17 Dick Perry Avenue Kensington WA 6151 The recommended reference for this report is: Conservation and Parks Commission (2018). Periodic assessment – Jurien Bay Marine Park and Turquoise Coast Island Nature Reserves. Conservation and Parks Commission, Kensington, WA. The use of Department of Biodiversity,
    [Show full text]
  • CHAMPAGNE CRABS (Hypothalassia Acerba): YIELD and SENSORY CONSIDERATIONS
    CHAMPAGNE CRABS (Hypothalassia acerba): YIELD AND SENSORY CONSIDERATIONS Report prepared as part of Fisheries Research & Development Corporation Project 2013/711.30 New Opportunities for Underutilised Species Janet Howieson 2018 1 Contents 1. Background ..................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Project Development ..................................................................................................................... 3 3 Processing Methods, Results and Discussion ..................................................................................... 6 3.1 Trial 1 ............................................................................................................................................ 6 3.1.1 Methods ................................................................................................................................. 6 3.1.2 Results .................................................................................................................................... 7 3.1.3: Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Trial 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 11 3.2.1 Methods and Results ........................................................................................................... 11 3.2.2: Conclusions
    [Show full text]
  • Part I. an Annotated Checklist of Extant Brachyuran Crabs of the World
    THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2008 17: 1–286 Date of Publication: 31 Jan.2008 © National University of Singapore SYSTEMA BRACHYURORUM: PART I. AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF EXTANT BRACHYURAN CRABS OF THE WORLD Peter K. L. Ng Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore Email: [email protected] Danièle Guinot Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Département Milieux et peuplements aquatiques, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France Email: [email protected] Peter J. F. Davie Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. – An annotated checklist of the extant brachyuran crabs of the world is presented for the first time. Over 10,500 names are treated including 6,793 valid species and subspecies (with 1,907 primary synonyms), 1,271 genera and subgenera (with 393 primary synonyms), 93 families and 38 superfamilies. Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems are reviewed in detail, and many resolved. Detailed notes and references are provided where necessary. The constitution of a large number of families and superfamilies is discussed in detail, with the positions of some taxa rearranged in an attempt to form a stable base for future taxonomic studies. This is the first time the nomenclature of any large group of decapod crustaceans has been examined in such detail. KEY WORDS. – Annotated checklist, crabs of the world, Brachyura, systematics, nomenclature. CONTENTS Preamble .................................................................................. 3 Family Cymonomidae .......................................... 32 Caveats and acknowledgements ............................................... 5 Family Phyllotymolinidae .................................... 32 Introduction .............................................................................. 6 Superfamily DROMIOIDEA ..................................... 33 The higher classification of the Brachyura ........................
    [Show full text]
  • KAISER IS KISI 1— I 3Grtg?G\Rgvgcj3l Want of Every Housewife— and There's System Permits You to Buy Bonn— Emperor William Left Feer» Yes- L^Gj^Oujwf^V
    PAUI, THE ST. ULOBE, SUNDAY, APRH, 38, 19Ol# After being taken out he was delirious AFTERNOON NEWS CONDENSED. for hours. "Something new"—that's the great ;V^VUR EQUITABLE CREDIT I hi hi LtnUUn iiiLft1LliO KAISER IS KISI 1— I_3grtg?g\rgVgCj3l want of every housewife— and there's System permits you to buy Bonn— Emperor William left feer» yes- l^gj^oUjWf^V . \J I' DISTRESS IN PORTO RICO terday morning. nothln S ln the WOrld that . will brighten for lowest prices, paying a little ! New York—Marshal C. Balm. a con- J*^HSlfil3fiJfSfßfct* up petition i and cheer a room or house as a down weekly ARTHUR STRINGENCY OP MONET CAUSES OF PRESIDED THIS tractor, filed a In bankruptcy balance or monthly f SIR SULLIVAN'S POSTHU- AT INITIATION OF yrith of $175,5?5; no ftZiL-1^ -JV^MISfIT-1^ liabilities assets. new flo covering. Three things • MOUS "THE EMERALD ISLE" COMSrBROIAL MORTALITY. HIS ®OW INTO STUDENTS' • as best suits you. 1 Chicago—A poc*' roomY located over the V. l'il*ll''""l'»IJ —: 27.—A - ™*-. Car- ." \u25a0 " \u25a0 - AT THE SAVOY SAN JUAN, Porto Rico. April CORPS BORUSSIA saloon of two vpell knpwn local politi- .i'rv^ must be consJdertd In selecting —i- troopers —'• —— mounted battalion of native ar- cians, was raided by detectives. Twenty pets or Rugs— the fabric, today by the patterns and the dyes used In the / $lET&L BEDS. i rived here and were reviewed arrested. \u25a0 ir.en were making. • > : _ Lieut. Col. James A. Buchanan, of the Albany, N.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of the Epinephelinae (Teleostei: Serranidae)
    BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 52(1): 240-283, 1993 PHYLOGENY OF THE EPINEPHELINAE (TELEOSTEI: SERRANIDAE) Carole C. Baldwin and G. David Johnson ABSTRACT Relationships among epinepheline genera are investigated based on cladistic analysis of larval and adult morphology. Five monophyletic tribes are delineated, and relationships among tribes and among genera of the tribe Grammistini are hypothesized. Generic com- position of tribes differs from Johnson's (1983) classification only in the allocation of Je- boehlkia to the tribe Grammistini rather than the Liopropomini. Despite the presence of the skin toxin grammistin in the Diploprionini and Grammistini, we consider the latter to be the sister group of the Liopropomini. This hypothesis is based, in part, on previously un- recognized larval features. Larval morphology also provides evidence of monophyly of the subfamily Epinephelinae, the clade comprising all epinepheline tribes except Niphonini, and the tribe Grammistini. Larval features provide the only evidence of a monophyletic Epine- phelini and a monophyletic clade comprising the Diploprionini, Liopropomini and Gram- mistini; identification of larvae of more epinephelines is needed to test those hypotheses. Within the tribe Grammistini, we propose that Jeboehlkia gladifer is the sister group of a natural assemblage comprising the former pseudogrammid genera (Aporops, Pseudogramma and Suttonia). The "soapfishes" (Grammistes, Grammistops, Pogonoperca and Rypticus) are not monophyletic, but form a series of sequential sister groups to Jeboehlkia, Aporops, Pseu- dogramma and Suttonia (the closest of these being Grammistops, followed by Rypticus, then Grammistes plus Pogonoperca). The absence in adult Jeboehlkia of several derived features shared by Grammistops, Aporops, Pseudogramma and Suttonia is incongruous with our hypothesis but may be attributable to paedomorphosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.First Record of the Dusky Grouper Epinephelus Marginatus
    Hidrobiológica ISSN: 0188-8897 [email protected] Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa México Vinicius Condin, Mario; Seyboth, Elisa; Paes Vieira, João; Varela-Jr, Antônio Sergio; Pedro Barreiros, João; Favaro, Luís Fernando; Miranda Garcia, Alexandre First record of the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Actinopterygii: Epinephelidae) undergoing sexual transition in the South Western Atlantic, Brazil Hidrobiológica, vol. 23, núm. 3, 2013, pp. 446-449 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57832087020 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 446 Hidrobiológica 2013, 23 (3): 446-449 NOTAS DiciembreNotas 2013 First record of the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Actinopterygii: Epinephelidae) undergoing sexual transition in the South Western Atlantic, Brazil Primer registro del mero Epinephelus marginatus (Actinopterygii: Epinephelidae) en transición sexual en el Atlántico Sudoccidental, Brasil Mario Vinicius Condini1, Elisa Seyboth1, João Paes Vieira1, Antônio Sergio Varela-Jr.2, João Pedro Barreiros3, Luís Fernando Favaro4 and Alexandre Miranda Garcia1 1 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Laboratório de Ictiologia, 474, CEP 96.201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil 2 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Histologia, CEP 96.201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil 3 Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias and Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A), 9701-851 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal 4 Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curitiba, PR, Brasil e-mail: [email protected] Condini M.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand Fishes a Field Guide to Common Species Caught by Bottom, Midwater, and Surface Fishing Cover Photos: Top – Kingfish (Seriola Lalandi), Malcolm Francis
    New Zealand fishes A field guide to common species caught by bottom, midwater, and surface fishing Cover photos: Top – Kingfish (Seriola lalandi), Malcolm Francis. Top left – Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus), Malcolm Francis. Centre – Catch of hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae), Neil Bagley (NIWA). Bottom left – Jack mackerel (Trachurus sp.), Malcolm Francis. Bottom – Orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus), NIWA. New Zealand fishes A field guide to common species caught by bottom, midwater, and surface fishing New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No: 208 Prepared for Fisheries New Zealand by P. J. McMillan M. P. Francis G. D. James L. J. Paul P. Marriott E. J. Mackay B. A. Wood D. W. Stevens L. H. Griggs S. J. Baird C. D. Roberts‡ A. L. Stewart‡ C. D. Struthers‡ J. E. Robbins NIWA, Private Bag 14901, Wellington 6241 ‡ Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, 6011Wellington ISSN 1176-9440 (print) ISSN 1179-6480 (online) ISBN 978-1-98-859425-5 (print) ISBN 978-1-98-859426-2 (online) 2019 Disclaimer While every effort was made to ensure the information in this publication is accurate, Fisheries New Zealand does not accept any responsibility or liability for error of fact, omission, interpretation or opinion that may be present, nor for the consequences of any decisions based on this information. Requests for further copies should be directed to: Publications Logistics Officer Ministry for Primary Industries PO Box 2526 WELLINGTON 6140 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 0800 00 83 33 Facsimile: 04-894 0300 This publication is also available on the Ministry for Primary Industries website at http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-and-resources/publications/ A higher resolution (larger) PDF of this guide is also available by application to: [email protected] Citation: McMillan, P.J.; Francis, M.P.; James, G.D.; Paul, L.J.; Marriott, P.; Mackay, E.; Wood, B.A.; Stevens, D.W.; Griggs, L.H.; Baird, S.J.; Roberts, C.D.; Stewart, A.L.; Struthers, C.D.; Robbins, J.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Biodiversity in Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands, Chile: Global Endemism Hotspots
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Marine Biodiversity in Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands, Chile: Global Endemism Hotspots Alan M. Friedlander1,2,3*, Enric Ballesteros4, Jennifer E. Caselle5, Carlos F. Gaymer3,6,7,8, Alvaro T. Palma9, Ignacio Petit6, Eduardo Varas9, Alex Muñoz Wilson10, Enric Sala1 1 Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, 2 Fisheries Ecology Research Lab, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America, 3 Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile, 4 Centre d'Estudis Avançats (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, Spain, 5 Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America, 6 Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile, 7 Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Coquimbo, Chile, 8 Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Coquimbo, Chile, 9 FisioAqua, Santiago, Chile, 10 OCEANA, SA, Santiago, Chile * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Friedlander AM, Ballesteros E, Caselle JE, Gaymer CF, Palma AT, Petit I, et al. (2016) Marine The Juan Fernández and Desventuradas islands are among the few oceanic islands Biodiversity in Juan Fernández and Desventuradas belonging to Chile. They possess a unique mix of tropical, subtropical, and temperate Islands, Chile: Global Endemism Hotspots. PLoS marine species, and although close to continental South America, elements of the biota ONE 11(1): e0145059. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0145059 have greater affinities with the central and south Pacific owing to the Humboldt Current, which creates a strong biogeographic barrier between these islands and the continent. The Editor: Christopher J Fulton, The Australian National University, AUSTRALIA Juan Fernández Archipelago has ~700 people, with the major industry being the fishery for the endemic lobster, Jasus frontalis.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Fishes of the Azores: an Annotated Checklist and Bibliography
    MARINE FISHES OF THE AZORES: AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY. RICARDO SERRÃO SANTOS, FILIPE MORA PORTEIRO & JOÃO PEDRO BARREIROS SANTOS, RICARDO SERRÃO, FILIPE MORA PORTEIRO & JOÃO PEDRO BARREIROS 1997. Marine fishes of the Azores: An annotated checklist and bibliography. Arquipélago. Life and Marine Sciences Supplement 1: xxiii + 242pp. Ponta Delgada. ISSN 0873-4704. ISBN 972-9340-92-7. A list of the marine fishes of the Azores is presented. The list is based on a review of the literature combined with an examination of selected specimens available from collections of Azorean fishes deposited in museums, including the collection of fish at the Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores (Horta). Personal information collected over several years is also incorporated. The geographic area considered is the Economic Exclusive Zone of the Azores. The list is organised in Classes, Orders and Families according to Nelson (1994). The scientific names are, for the most part, those used in Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean (FNAM) (Whitehead et al. 1989), and they are organised in alphabetical order within the families. Clofnam numbers (see Hureau & Monod 1979) are included for reference. Information is given if the species is not cited for the Azores in FNAM. Whenever available, vernacular names are presented, both in Portuguese (Azorean names) and in English. Synonyms, misspellings and misidentifications found in the literature in reference to the occurrence of species in the Azores are also quoted. The 460 species listed, belong to 142 families; 12 species are cited for the first time for the Azores.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors That Contribute to the Establishment of Marine Protected Areas in Western Australia
    The University of Notre Dame Australia ResearchOnline@ND Theses 2014 Factors that contribute to the establishment of marine protected areas in Western Australia Andrew Hill University of Notre Dame Australia Follow this and additional works at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/theses Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 WARNING The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further copying or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice. Publication Details Hill, A. (2014). Factors that contribute to the establishment of marine protected areas in Western Australia (Doctor of Natural Resource Management). University of Notre Dame Australia. https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/theses/92 This dissertation/thesis is brought to you by ResearchOnline@ND. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of ResearchOnline@ND. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Factors that Contribute to the Establishment of Marine Protected Areas in Western Australia Andrew Hill School of Arts and Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Australia Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Natural Resource Management May 2014 DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my own work and has not been submitted in any form for another degree or diploma at any University or other institute of tertiary education. Information derived from published and unpublished work of others has been acknowledged in the text with references provided for that material.
    [Show full text]
  • VIII-17 West-Central Australian Shelf: LME #44
    VIII East Asian Seas 321 VIII-17 West-Central Australian Shelf: LME #44 T. Irvine, J. Keesing, N. D’Adamo, M.C. Aquarone and S. Adams The West-Central Australian Shelf LME extends off Western Australia (WA) from Cape Leeuwin (~34.5°S) to Northwest Cape (~22°S). This LME owes much of its biogeographic unity to the respective connecting influences of the West Australian Current, a northward flow coming from the circulation pattern of the counterclockwise Indian Ocean gyre, and the Leeuwin Current (LC), the only west coast poleward-flowing eastern boundary current in the southern hemisphere. The LC is a major southward flow of warm, low nutrient, buoyant tropical water along this LME’s relatively narrow continental shelf, and is responsible for tropical reefs and associated marine flora and fauna flourishing further south than anywhere else in the world (CALM, 1994). In addition to these regional scale currents, there are wind-driven coastal counter currents dominating the circulation close to shore mainly during the austral spring/summer period (Pattiaratchi, 2006). Relatively high energy from sea and swell is a major feature of this LME, but there are embayments and lagoons where waves are restricted or effectively blocked, with sheltered highly biodiverse protected habitats occurring behind offshore limestone reefs in many localities (CALM, 1994). The LME has an extremely narrow shelf, in some areas being merely 40 km wide, and covers an area of nearly 550,000 km2, about 2% of which is gazetted as a marine protected area (MPA) that contains 0.37% of the world’s coral reefs (CALM, 2005a; Sea Around Us, 2007; www.dec.wa.gov.au).
    [Show full text]