United States Department of Agriculture Selected References Forest Service Pacific Concerning the Northwest Region -04-95 USDA Forest Service: Social, Political, and Historical Sources of Information SELECTED REFERENCES CONCERNING THE USDA FOREST SERVICE Compiled By Gerald W. Williams, Ph.D. Sociologist and Social Historian Pacific Northwest Region P.O. Box 3623 Portland, Oregon 97208 and Grey Towers National Historical Landmark P.O. Box 188 Milford, Pennsylvania 18337 Revised April 10, 1995 SELECTED REFERENCES CONCERNING THE USDA FOREST SERVICE PREFACE The following is a listing of selected references concerning the Forest Service policy and changes to the agency over time. Also included are numerous references on special topics, related State and Federal land management agencies, federal forest employment programs, and portions of the private sector. This list uses an earlier American Sociological Association reference style, which includes full title and subtitle without abbreviations. Complete names of the author(s) are listed, as known. The Forest History Society in Durham, NC, has a constantly updated electronic bibliography which is available for searching of subjects and authors. In addition, there are several bibliographic sources on North American forestry, four specifically oriented to the Forest Service. The reader may wish to consult the noteworthy encyclopedia of forest history which contains brief entries regarding most aspects of forest and conservation history and includes biographies. Davis, Richard C. 1977 North American Forest History': A Guide to Archives and Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio Press and The Forest History Society, Inc. Davis, Richard C. (ed.) 1983 Encyclopedia of American Forest and Conservation History'. Two volumes. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company. Dodds, Gordon B. 1971 'Conservation and Reclamation in the Trans-Mississippi West: A Critical Bibliography.'Arizona and the West, Vol. 13 (Summer): 143-71. Etulain, Richard W. (ed.) 1994 The American West in the Twentieth Century: A Bibliography. Norman, OK: University of Oklaho- ma Press. Fahi, Ronald J. 1977 North American Forest and Conservation History: A Bibliography. Santa Barbara, CA: Forest History Society and the ABC-Clio Press. Jaehn, Thomas (compiler) 1990 'The Environment in the Twentieth-Century American West: A Bibliography.' Occasional Pa- pers #2. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico, Center for the American West. Munns, Edward N. 1940 A Selected Bibliography of North American Forestry. Two Volumes. USDA Miscellaneous Publication No. 364. Washington, DC: U.S.G.P.O. Neiderheiser, Clodaugh M. 1956 Forest History Sources of the United States and Canada: A Compilation of the Manuscript Sources of Forestry, Forest Industry, and Conservation History. Saint Paul, MN: Forest History Foundation, Inc. Ogden, Gerald R. 1976 The United States Forest Service: A Historical Bibliography, 1876-1972. Davis, CA: University of California, Agricultural History Center. Steen, Judith A. 1973 A Guide to Unpublished Sources for a History of the United States Forest Service. Santa Cruz, CA: Forest History Society, Inc. West, Terry and Dana E. Supernowicz 1993 'Forest Service Centennial Bibliography, 1891-1991.' Pamphlet dated January 1993. Washing- ton, DC: USDA Forest Service, History Unit. 3 INTRODUCTION This book is the fourth edition of a listing of references concerning the USDA Forest Service and related federal and state land management agencies. In addition, a subsection at the end concerns the private forestry sector. The listed references deal with historical and contemporary sources that have particular relevance to Forest Service policy (past, present, and future). The list was selected by the compiler and reflects his concern for general Forest Service (FS) policy, social and political issues facing the agency, federal forestry work programs, and history of federal agencies and subunits (especially the FS regions and national forests). Particular emphasis is given to historical sources to give the reader the opportunity to delve into the background of controversies and solutions that still face the agency today. The selected listing of references is divided into four different sections or topical areas, followed by an index of authors. ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK The FIRST SECTION is concerned with the Forest Service at the national level and has two subsections. A general organization subsection deals with overall purposes of the national forests, as well as Forest Service policy, perspectives, history, reorganization attempts, agency transfer proposals, differences be- tween other federal land management agencies, and leadership, especially Gifford Pinchot. A special topics subsection deals with diverse topics such as the WW I Forestry Regiments, aerial forest fire detection patrols after WW I, fires and lookouts, smokejumpers, range and grazing, forest homesteads, land frauds, recreation use, public involvement, sociology and economics, community stability, women and minorities working for the agency, clearcutting, below cost timber sales, sustained-yield forestry, wilderness/RARE & RARE II, spotted owl controversy, 'new forestry,' new perspectives,' and ecosystem management. The SECOND SECTION of this selected reference list concerns the Forest Service Regions: Northern Region (R-1), Rocky Mountain Region (R-2), Southwest Region (R-3), Intermountain Region (R-4), Pacific Southwest Region (R-5), Pacific Northwest Region (R-6), Southern Region (R-8), Eastern Region (R-9), and Alaska Region (R-1 0). Also contains references to the Forest and Range Experiment Stations and the Forest Products Laboratory (Madison, WI). The THIRD SECTION refers to the national forest and ranger district level of the agency. The FOURTH SECTION handles the forestry references that are related to, but not dependent on, the Forest Service. This related forestry topics section is separated into three different subtopics. One subtopic con- cerns other federal land management agencies (Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, Corps of Engineers, new National Biological Survey, and Bureau of Reclamation). Another subtopic deals with the various federal employment programs that are or were designed to put people, especially youth, to work in the forests of America: The federal forest work program in all parts of the country. These work programs, heavily influenced by the Civilian Conservation Corps era (1933-1942), are or were active from just before the Great Depression to the present. This subsection contains federal, state, local, and private forest references to the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Comprehensive Employment Training Act (CETA), Conscientious Objectors (CO), volunteer Forest Reserves and Aircraft Warning Service (AWS) in WW II, Jobs Corps, National Youth Administration (NYA), Volunteers in the National Forests, Works Progress Administra- tion (WPA), Young Adult Conservation Corps (YACC), and Youth Conservation Corps (YCC) programs. The last subtopic concerns references regarding the state forestry/parks and the private forestry sector. The FIFTH SECTION is an index of the names of the authors of the numerous books and articles. The present word processing system does not allow each reference to have a unique number, thus attempting to index by subject was very difficult and was not attempted. Hopefully this will be resolved in a new edition. 4 PERIODICALS There are a number of references to periodicals such as The Forester, Forest,y and Irrigation, Conservation, American Foresti',', American Forests and Forest Life, and American Forests. These monthly journals are all publications of the American Forestry Association (AFA), although the names of the periodicals are different, the volumes are consecutively numbered. The first official AFA journal in 1898 was called The Forester. This derived from a name and ownership change of an earlier periodical entitled the New Jersey Forester which was printed from 1895 to 1897 by John Gifford of Princeton, N.J. The names and dates of these various AFA forestry journals and volumes are as follows: New Jersey Forester 1895-1897 Volumes 1 to 3 The Forester 1898-1901 Volumes 4 to 7 Forestry and Irrigation 1902-1908 Volumes 8 to 14 Conservation 1908-1909 Volumes 14 to 15 American Forestry 191 0-1 923 Volumes 16 to 29 American Forests and Forest Life 1924-1930 Volumes 30 to 36 American Forests 1931-present Volumes 37 to present The name of the official publication for the Forest History Society has changed over the years. It was first called the Forest History Newsletter in volume 1 (1957-1958), Forest History for volumes 2 through 17 (1958-1974), Journal of Forest History (1974-1989), and finally the current title Forest & Conservation History (1990 to present). Other titles, such as the Forest Club Annual Cruise (Oregon State Universfty) and The Ames Forester (University of Iowa), refer to publications of the various schools of forestry around the nation. In the early years, these many of these annuals contained short articles about the forestry profession. Those that are relevant are cited herein. By the 1940's and 1950's, the professional forestry articles gradually disappeared from the annuals, as they became more like college yearbooks geared for the forestry department students and staff. Reference to Timberlines in the following list refers to the annual publication of the Thirty Year Club (retirees from Region Six), while mention of Six