Heritage Impact Statement

Norwood Hall, Marlborough College, Marlborough, SN8 1PA Prepared for: Marlborough College 29th March 2018

Prepared by: Katie Dickson BA(Hons) MSc Project Ref: 286/056 PgCert Checked by: Jayne Norris BA(Hons) DipTP MSc Issue: 1 MRTPI Authorised by: Marlborough College LPA: Wiltshire

The Old Bank 01865 731700 39 Market Square [email protected] Witney OX 28 6AD edgarslimited.co.uk

HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT

Contents

1.0 Introduction ...... 3 2.0 Site and Surrounding Areas ...... 4 3.0 Planning History ...... 4 4.0 Planning Policy ...... 5 5.0 Assessment of Significance ...... 7 6.0 Proposed Development ...... 12 7.0 Evaluation and Conclusions ...... 13

Appendices

Appendix 1. Historic Maps Appendix 2. Scheduled Ancient Monument Description Appendix 3. Registered Historic Park and Garden Description Appendix 4. List Descriptions: C House and A Block Appendix 5. Marlborough Conservation Area Boundary Map.

Norwood Hall, Marlborough College, Marlborough, SN8 1PA 2

HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT

1.0 Introduction

1.1 This report has been prepared by Edgars Limited in conjunction with Kendall Kingscott Limited on behalf of Marlborough College. The report is to accompany an application for planning permission for the provision of a below ground, high voltage electricity power cable from Pewsey Road, which would run across College grounds to the rear of Norwood Hall.

1.2 The cable will terminate at the proposed new electrical substation which would replace an existing oil tank. These works are considered necessary to modernise and upgrade the existing kitchen for the College, which is currently powered by steam; the steam generator being powered by oil.

1.3 The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the historic origin and evolution of the site, including its historic development in relation to Marlborough College, and then to identify the significance of the various heritage designations, including the Registered Park and Garden, Scheduled Ancient Monument, the setting of Listed Buildings and its position within the wider Marlborough Town Conservation Area.

1.4 The report then describes the proposed changes and provides the proposals with a cogent and sustainable justification in terms of their impact on the special character and appearance of the Registered Park and the setting of the Scheduled Ancient Monument, as well as any impact the proposals may have on the setting of the adjacent listed buildings, and the character and appearance of the Marlborough Conservation Area.

1.5 The report has been produced in accordance with the requirements of the National Planning Policy Guidance, the NPPF and the Historic England publications “Managing Significance in Decision- Taking in the Historic Environment” and “The setting of Heritage Assets” published in July 2015. These require applicants to make an assessment of the significance of Heritage Assets and their settings in relation to proposed development and make an assessment of the impact of their proposals upon them.

1.6 The statement demonstrates to the Council that the significance of the historic environment has been fully assessed and understood and that the conservation impacts of the proposed scheme have been properly considered as an integral part of the proposals and have informed the accompanying design process.

1.7 Following this assessment of impact, it is our professional view that the proposed scheme of below ground cabling and substation accord with the policies contained in NPPF and NPPG, the relevant sections of the Historic Environment Planning Practice Guide and Local Plan Policies of the Wiltshire Core Strategy

1.8 A clear and justified case can therefore be made for the proposed alterations which will preserve the significance of the various designations within the site. There should, therefore, be no reason, in heritage terms, why planning permission should not be granted for the proposals.

Norwood Hall, Marlborough College, Marlborough, SN8 1PA 3

HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT

2.0 Site and Surrounding Areas

2.1 Norwood Hall was constructed in 1959, and with the adjacent Common Room, are the only twentieth century buildings with a modern architectural style that abound the main courtyard which is considered the centre, and the focus of the College campus.

2.2 Norwood Hall is adjacent to a number of designated heritage assets; to the north-west is ‘A Block’ which is Grade II listed and forms part of the western side of the courtyard. To the east is ‘C House’ which is Grade I listed and the primary building of the campus. To the rear, or west, of Norwood Hall is The Mount, a Scheduled Ancient Monument.

2.3 The site is also covered by the designation of a Grade II Registered Park and Garden, recognising the importance of the remnants of the designed landscaped garden laid out in 1702, in association of the construction of C House as country house.

2.4 The entire College campus is also included within the Marlborough Town Conservation Area which was designated in 1971.

Figure 1: Wiltshire Council Historic Environment Map of Marlborough College showing the various designations affecting the site. Norwood Hall is indicated with a red star.

3.0 Planning History

3.1 There is no planning history available relating to Norwood Hall.

Norwood Hall, Marlborough College, Marlborough, SN8 1PA 4

HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT

4.0 Planning Policy

National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF)

4.1 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and the Historic England Good Practice Advice documents (advice notes 2 and 3) are relevant to the content of this report and the consideration of the applications. The government objective is that heritage assets (which includes listed buildings and their settings) should be conserved in a manner appropriate to their significance, so they can be enjoyed for their contribution to the quality of life of this and future generations.

4.2 Paragraphs 126-141 specifically address conserving the built historic environment. Paragraph 128 highlights that the significance of a heritage asset should be explained by an applicant at a level of detail proportionate to the assets importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on the significance.

4.3 Paragraph 132 confirms that great weight should be attached to the assets’ conservation, clarifying that the more important the asset, the greater weight should be to conservation. Significance can be lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting, and any such loss should have clear and convincing justification.

4.4 Paragraph 134 highlights that where a proposal will lead to less than substantial harm to the significance of a designated heritage asset, this harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposal, including securing its optimum viable use.

4.5 Paragraph 128 of the NPPF, paragraph 58 of the Practice Guide and the Historic England Good Practice Notes 2 and 3 advocate the methods of investigating the significance of a heritage asset. In particular, it advocates that three steps should be carried out when preparing an assessment including:

1. Check the development plan, main local and national records including the relevant Historic Environment Record, statutory and local lists, the Heritage Gateway, the NMR, and other relevant statutory sources of information that would provide an understanding of the history of the place and the value the asset holds for society. 2. Examine the asset and its setting. 3. Consider whether the nature of the affected significance requires an expert assessment to gain the necessary level of understanding.

4.6 A number of other steps are suggested as appropriate subject to the nature of the asset and the proposed works.

4.7 In the case of this application the records which have been investigated include:

1. The Heritage Gateway. 2. The planning records and planning policy documents held at Wiltshire County Council. 3. Historic England website. 4. Marlborough College records.

4.8 A thorough site investigation by Edgars and Kendall Kingscott has also been carried out. This provided a careful assessment of the various heritage assets, its notable features and its setting.

4.9 The Practice Guide continues to highlight at paragraph 79 that there are a number of potential heritage benefits that could weigh in favour of a proposed scheme. In this case, it is relevant to consider the benefits detailed below, which will result from the building being minorly altered:

1. The proposed works will sustain the significance of a heritage asset.

Norwood Hall, Marlborough College, Marlborough, SN8 1PA 5

HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT

2. It helps secures the optimum viable use of a heritage asset in support of its long-term conservation. 3. It is an appropriate design for its context and has a neutral impact on the appearance, character, quality and local distinctiveness of the heritage asset.

4.10 The application is therefore considered to meet the requirements of the NPPF and Practice Guide in terms of the level of information researched, the information extracted from this process and the conclusions outlined in this report.

Historic England Planning Practice Guidance Notes

4.11 Advice Note 2 titled ‘Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment’ and Advice Note 3 titled ‘The Setting of Heritage Assets’ are relevant to the consideration of this application.

4.12 Advice Note 2 highlights that there are 4 types of Conservation Principles that an asset may hold, which are aesthetic, communal, historic and evidential value. The Assessment of Significance at Section 5.0 identifies the value attached to setting and significance of the surrounding heritage assets.

4.13 Advice Note 3, in relation to the impact of development on the setting of listed buildings highlights the steps which should be taken when assessing the significance of heritage assets. The curtilage, character and context of a heritage asset must be taken in to consideration during assessment. This has been carefully considered as part of the assessment provided.

4.14 The application is therefore considered to meet the requirements of the NPPF and Practice Guide in terms of the level of information researched, the information extracted from this process and the conclusions outlined in this report.

Wiltshire Core Strategy

4.15 Core Policy 58 of the Wiltshire Core Strategy states that development should protect, conserve and, where possible, enhance the historic environment. This reiterates the aims of National Policy Guidance as outlined above.

Norwood Hall, Marlborough College, Marlborough, SN8 1PA 6

HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT

5.0 Assessment of Significance

5.1 In line with the NPPF and NPPG, this report summarises the information researched in relation to the significance of the surrounding designated heritage assets before assessing any impact the proposed development may have. The documents examined include the Wiltshire Core Strategy, planning history, national, local and College records, historic maps, the Heritage Gateway and other statutory sources.

Historical Context: The Development of the Site

5.2 The Marlborough College site can be considered a palimpsest of it long and varied history; the site has been successively re-used and altered for differing purposes, but there is much evidence remaining in terms of historic fabric, the landscape and archaeological material for each period of its history.

5.3 The history of the site begins with The Mount. Situated within the core of what is now the Marlborough College site, recent radiocarbon dates of two soil cores taken through the centre of the mount show the main body of it to be of Neolithic origins, contemporaneous to nearby Silbury Hill and dating from the second half of the third millennium cal BC (Leary, 2013).

5.4 The site was then developed into Marlborough Castle; it is believed that William I, not long after the conquest of 1066, developed the site as a castle and took it, along with Savernake Forest, as his own property (Brett, 1979).

5.5 Within the castle complex, the Mount served as a motte, with the bailey positioned to the south and site surrounded by a moat. As property of the crown, it was used by Henry I, King John and Henry III to hold court and would have been successively improved throughout the 12th and 13th centuries. However, by the late 14th Century the crowns interest in the castle had declined and had been left to deteriorate, already empty by the time of survey in 1391, and a ruin for Leland’s visit in 1541 (Marlborough Mount Trust, 2006, pg33).

5.6 In 1621 Sir Francis Seymour constructed a new house in the grounds of the ruined castle, which was potentially set within landscaped gardens.

5.7 In 1702, under the ownership of the 6th Duke of Somerset, Lord and Lady Hertford, improvements to the house and gardens were undertaken with the construction of a new residence on the site of the former house of Sir Francis Seymour. Marlborough House, which is now known as C House, was set within a formal garden, created by Lady Frances Hertford, which included the mount, terraces, parterres, a wilderness, canals and a cascade.

5.8 Following Lord Hertford’s death in 1750, the house was sold and from 1751 until 1843 was used as the Castle Inn (later Hotel) as a stopping point on the route from London to Bath, with the gardens being used by its guests. It is stated in ‘Marlborough College: A short history and guide’ that “In the days of its prosperity, when Bath was at the height of fashion and Marlborough a principal staging post on the road from London, the Castle Inn was one of the finest in England, and certainly the grandest in the town…The Inn was described in ‘England Displayed’ (1769) as “the completest and most magnificent house of entertainment in Europe” (Brett, 1979).

5.9 However, following the construction of the Great Western Railway in 1837, Marlborough saw a significant decline in the number of people passing through the town. Resultantly, the Castle Inn was sold in 1843 to the newly founded Marlborough College. In around 1845 the College began the construction of additional school buildings, designed by the architect’s E Blore, GE Street and A W Blomfield, around the existing courtyard and incorporating the various 18th Century outbuildings of Marlborough House. In the 20th Century Marlborough House was renamed ‘C House’.

Norwood Hall, Marlborough College, Marlborough, SN8 1PA 7

HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT

Norwood Hall

5.10 Norwood Hall was built in 1959, replacing the earlier domestic block and dining hall which was designed by Edward Blore in 1845. The new building which housed a modern kitchen and enlarged dining room, also included the common room and Fountain Court on the lower levels.

5.11 The eastern elevation, which faces onto the main Courtyard is three storey in height, and constructed in a soft red brick which is punctuated by three full height windows, creating a sense of rhythm in the façade. The elevation is topped with a buff render band, which incorporate high level windows. Although the building has a modern architectural style, its materiality allows it to sit unoffensively adjacent to the Grade I listed Georgian C House and the Victorian Grade II listed A Block.

5.12 The western elevation (rear) of Norwood Hall is much less architecturally accomplished and is highly functional in its appearance. Despite the close proximity with The Mount, the building effective turns its back on the historic feature and is clearly dominated by the service requirements of the building.

5.13 Historic maps, included with Appendix 1, indicate that the western range of the courtyard, constructed in the 1840s, was built on the site of the moat which once surrounded the Mount. Whilst Norwood Hall is a replacement building, the spatial relationship and setting of the Mount would not have altered since the original building.

5.14 Norwood Hall is considered to be an undesignated heritage asset; whilst not statutorily listed, the building is considered to make a positive contribution to the character and appearance of the Marlborough Town Conservation Area and preserve the setting of adjacent heritage assets.

The Mount: Scheduled Ancient Monument

5.15 The Mount, or Castle Mound as it is referred to, was included on the Scheduled Ancient Monuments on the 18th May 1951, as an example of a motte castle which survives as a circular mound of 18m high and up to 85m in diameter, situated on the summit of a ridge surrounded by a meander of the River Kennet.

5.16 Motte castles are medieval fortifications introduced into Britain by the Normans and comprise of a large conical mound of earth or rubble, the motte, surmounted by a palisade and a stone or timber tower. In a majority of examples, an embanked enclosure (the bailey) containing additional buildings, adjoined the motte. Motte castles and motte-and-bailey castles acted as garrison forts during offensive military operations and, in many cases, as aristocratic residences and as centres of local or royal administration. Over 600 motte castles and motte-and-bailey castles are recorded nationally, with examples known from most regions. Some 100-150 examples do not have baileys and are classified as motte castles.

5.17 The Mount also exhibits a spiral path, which dates from the 17th or 18th Century, which would suggest it was adapted to provide a ‘snail mound’ which was a prominent feature associated with formal 17th Century and early 18th Century gardens to allow an elevated view of the landscape (Marlborough Mount Trust, 2006). It also includes evidence of ornamental garden buildings, included the Grade II Listed Grotto sited at its base on the southern side.

5.18 Historically there has been some debate as to whether the mount had origins as a prehistoric monument; whilst the scheduling refutes this idea, in 2013 (after the description was published), radiocarbon dating of soil cores taken through the Mount have confirmed main body of the Mount is Neolithic.

Norwood Hall, Marlborough College, Marlborough, SN8 1PA 8

HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT

5.19 As such, the significance of the Mount is not only in its relatively rare survival as a medieval motte castle and later role as a feature in 17th and early 18th Century landscaped gardens, but as evidence of a Neolithic landscape. The scheduled monument is significant as it will contain further archaeological and environmental evidence relating to its origins, construction, function and use, and this evidence can be used to further research into its social, political, economic, historic significance and landscape context.

5.20 The full list entry for the Mount is included in Appendix 2.

Marlborough College Registered Park and Garden

5.21 The grounds of Marlborough College were designated as a Registered Park and Garden at Grade II on 1st September 1987. It represents a good example of an early 18th Century formal landscape which incorporates earlier archaeological features into its design, including the prominent 11th Century former Castle Motte/Mound.

Figure 2: Stukeley birds eye view of Marlborough House, 1723.

5.22 The development of the gardens at Marlborough House is well documented, and includes an early birds eye view, drawn by Stukeley in 1723 (see figure 2).

5.23 The gardens at Marlborough College can be divided into four main areas: the gardens to the south- east of C-House, which includes the Master's Garden and the Common Room Garden; the Mount and the grotto; the memorial garden square in the north-west corner of the site; and the garden to the south of the chapel.

5.24 The gardens to the south-east of C House include the Master’s Garden and the Common Room Garden, are characterised by the historic formal terraces and parterres evident in Stukeley’s drawing of 1723 (figure 2), with some raised gravel walks adjacent to brick walls surviving from the original scheme. Although this area is now mostly laid to lawn, the spatial qualities of the scheme can be appreciated.

5.25 The Mount stands to the west of the courtyard. Although now somewhat overgrown by mature trees, it is believed that the Mount was used as a ‘snail mound’ from the mid-17th Century to view

Norwood Hall, Marlborough College, Marlborough, SN8 1PA 9

HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT

the formal gardens from the air. The existing spiral path, which was characteristic of a snail mound, is thought to date from the mid-17th Century. The same path was utilised by the early 18th Century garden design.

5.26 There is evidence at the top of the Mount that there was once a structure, thought to be a gazebo, positioned there. At the base of the mount, on the southern side is a small shell lined Grotto, which was built by Lady Hertford before 1726, and is Grade II listed.

5.27 To the south of the Mount, opposite the Grotto is an area described as the ‘Wilderness’. This area is characterised by unstructured, natural tree cover, which still exists today, although abounded by modern school buildings to the south. This area is where it is believed that Marlborough Castle once stood and has a high potential for archaeological finds.

5.28 The list description for the garden is attached at Appendix 3.

Setting of Listed Buildings

5.29 Whilst there is a proliferation of listed buildings within the Marlborough College campus, Norwood Hall is directly adjacent to two buildings, A Block which is Grade II listed and C House, which is Grade I listed. It is the setting of these two buildings which have the potential to be affected by the proposed works.

5.30 C House, as it is now known, was built between 1700-1723 by Charles Seymour, the 6th Duke of Somerset, and originally called ‘Marlborough House’. The building reflects the classical ‘English Baroque’, with fine red brickwork contrasting limestone dressings for architraves, pediments, cornices and parapets.

5.31 The building stands at the far south-east end of the entrance courtyard, providing the focus at the end of a vista from the gates off the Bath Road and it is the most iconic building within the College. The rectangular courtyard is laid to lawn with a perimeter drive, around which the main school buildings are arranged. This courtyard dates back to the early 1700’s when C House was built.

5.32 The building itself is constructed of chequered brick and has a central block with a pediment and two wings with hipped tiled roofs and attic dormers. The north-west façade fronts the courtyard and the central bay with the main entrance is covered by a passage which is screened by a colonnade of paired ionic columns. Multiple sash windows are arranged in a formal pattern. Both the north- west and south-east facades have fifteen bays, with the three central bays recessed.

5.33 The building was listed on 18th July 1949. A copy of the list description is included in Appendix 4.

5.34 A Block was built in 1845-50, as a boarding house for the students. Designed by Edward Blore, it is three storeys constructed in red brick with continuous ashlar sill bands and a hipped slate roof. The building exhibits two Italianate towers with modillioned cornices, and a regular fenestration of sash windows with glazing bars. Wooden oriel windows were added by Edwin Crocker in the 1880s.

5.35 A Block is considered to form a group with the buildings set around the courtyard, which include B House which sits directly opposite, The Museum Block, The Arcade, The Bradleian Buildings, The North Block, the Porter's Lodge, gates and railings, the Chapel, and at the focus of the courtyard, C House

5.36 The list description for A block is included within Appendix 4.

Marlborough Conservation Area

5.37 Marlborough College lies at the southern edge of the Marlborough Conservation Area which was designated in 1971. The College buildings form an attractive collection of brick built institutional

Norwood Hall, Marlborough College, Marlborough, SN8 1PA 10

HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT

buildings within landscaped grounds, with a Scheduled Ancient Monument mound at its centre. The Conservation Area is described in full in the Councils publication “Marlborough Conservation Area Statement”.

5.38 The College precincts are extensive in the south west of the town and include the original castle mound and bailey area. The centre of Marlborough College is the Court which is an impressive lawned quadrangle with the Grade I listed ‘C’ House as the main focus at the end of a vista from the gates off the Bath Road.

5.39 Surrounding the Court are a variety of large red brick buildings and a stone Chapel. Most are by notable architects of the mid-19th to mid-20th Century, expressing the scholastic style in different forms. After ‘C’ House, the Master’s Lodge and two boarding houses, ‘A’ and ‘B’ are the earliest buildings of the college dating from 1845. The rest of the Court is surrounded by buildings in styles ranging from the classical Georgian and Victorian to the modern Norwood Hall and Common Room.

5.40 In relation to the surrounding grounds, the Conservation Area Statement states: “South west of ‘C’ House there is a Registered Historic Park and Garden which includes surviving features of Lady Frances Hertford’s 18th century garden… A perimeter path and 20th century 2-storey ancillary and residential buildings loosely define its limits. The standard of the grounds with the many mature trees, hedging and lawns south of ‘C’ House and the Master’s Lodge that extend down to the riverside is of a very high order”. (Kennet, 2003).

5.41 The Conservation Statement identifies that the College buildings and its setting is intrinsic to the character of this part of the conservation area, and therefore positively contribute to its significance. A map of the conservation area is included in Appendix 5.

Norwood Hall, Marlborough College, Marlborough, SN8 1PA 11

HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT

6.0 Proposed Works

6.1 The proposed works which are subject to planning approval, include the removal of an existing oil tank and its replacement with a new electrical substation, and the provision of a below ground, high voltage electricity power cable from Pewsey Road, which would run across College grounds to the rear of Norwood Hall.

6.2 The proposed trench for the cable, which will be up to 1m deep, will begin at the boundary of Pewsey Road, approximately 50m north of the River Kennet, crossing the Master’s Garden and the Common Room Garden, until it adjoins with the vehicular route, positioned to the south of the language centre. The trench then follows the route of the existing tarmacked road, between Heywood Block ad C3 House, around the eastern side of the Wilderness garden and the south- eastern side of the Mount, to the rear of Norwood Hall.

6.3 At the rear of Norwood Hall, the existing oil tank will be removed, and a new electrical substation measuring 3m X 3m will be positioned slightly forward of the old oil tank, in front of the existing chimney, rather than tucked between the chimney and the store.

6.4 As part of the works, an existing store room, which has an engineered brick elevation to the flank north-western elevation, and is open to the south-west, will be adapted to allow a doorway to a store room, and two double leaf doors to a separate plant store on the north-western elevation, and the south-western elevation will be enclosed with outward opening, timber gates.

6.5 In terms of the alterations to the elevations at the rear of Norwood Hall, the proposed scheme would have a neutral impact; the building has a highly functional character and the proposed materials and finishes will be visually cohesive with those already displayed in the building. The enclosure of the plant room is considered somewhat beneficial, enclosing a highly functional part of the building, and improving the general aesthetic when viewed from the Mount or the Wilderness.

6.6 The new electricity substation, whilst positioned slightly forward of the existing oil tank will not make a meaningful difference to the character and appearance of this area, as it is of similar bulk and massing. It is recommended that a dark colour is used on the casing to ensure it visually recesses against the backdrop of Norwood Hall.

6.7 In terms of the below ground high voltage power cable, the route has been devised to minimise the impact on the historic environment; with the exception of the section of trench across the Master’s garden, the trench follows the route of existing tarmacked vehicular routes within the site, and therefore will be encompassed within previously disturbed soil therefore limiting the potential for archaeological disturbance.

6.8 The visual impact of the trench, once completed will be indistinguishable from the existing finishes, therefore preserving the setting of the scheduled ancient monument and adjacent listed buildings and preserving the character and appearance of the Registered Park and Garden, and the Marlborough Town Conservation Area.

Norwood Hall, Marlborough College, Marlborough, SN8 1PA 12

HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT

7.0 Evaluation and Conclusions

7.1 This statement has provided a thorough account of the development of Norwood Hall, and its setting in the historic environment of Marlborough College. The proposals, which are necessary to ensure a reliable and efficient kitchen for the College, will have a neutral impact on the significance and setting of scheduled ancient monument and setting of adjacent listed buildings. It would also preserve the character and appearance of the Registered Park and Garden and this part of the Marlborough Town Conservation Area.

7.2 In conclusion, the scheme has been carefully designed in order to ensure it complies with all relevant planning policy relating to the protection and conservation of the historic environment.

References:

Brett,1979. Marlborough College: A Short History Guide.

Kennet District Council, 2003. Marlborough Conservation Area Statement

Leary, 2003. The Marlborough Mound, Wiltshire. A Further Neolithic Monumental Mound by the River Kennet. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, Volume 79.

Marlborough Mound Trust, 2006. Conservation Management Plan

Norwood Hall, Marlborough College, Marlborough, SN8 1PA 13

Appendix 1

Historic Maps

Figure 1: Extract of Preshute Tithe Map, 1843

Figure 2: Ordinance Survey Map: 1886. 1:2,500.

Figure 3: Ordinance Survey Map: 1923. 1:2,500.

Figure 4: Ordinance Survey Map Superplan, 2005.

Appendix 2

Scheduled Ancient Monument Listing

Castle mound

List Entry Summary

This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act

1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sp ort.

Name: Castle mound

List entry Number: 1005634

Location

The monument may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County:

District: Wiltshire

District Type: Unitary Authority

Parish: Marlborough

National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.

Grade: Not applicable to this List entry.

Date first scheduled: 18-May-1951

Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry. List entry Description

Summary of Monument

Motte castle called ‘The Mount’ at Marlborough College.

Reasons for Designation

Motte castles are medieval fortifications introduced into Britain by the Normans. They comprised a large conical mound of earth or rubble, the motte, surmounted by a palisade and a stone or timber tower. In a majority of examples an embank ed enclosure containing additional buildings, the bailey, adjoined the motte. Motte castles and motte -and-bai1ey castles acted as garrison forts during offensive military operations, as strongholds, and, in many cases, as aristocratic residences and as centres of local or royal administration. Built in towns, villages and open countryside, motte castles generally occupied strategic positions dominating their immediate locality and, as a result, are the most visually impressive monuments of the early post-Conquest period surviving in the modern landscape. Over 600 motte castles and motte-and-bailey castles are recorded nationally, with examples known from most regions. Some 100-150 examples do not have baileys and are classified as motte castles. As one of a restricted range of recognised early post-Conquest monuments, they are particularly important for the study of Norman Britain and the development of the feudal system. Although many were occupied for only a short period of time, motte castles continued to be built and occupied from the 11th to the 13th centuries, after which they were superseded by other types of castle. The full extent of the castle at Marlborough is not known so the motte castle called ‘The Mount’ at Marlborough College is all that is inc luded currently in the scheduling and will contain further archaeological and environmental evidence relating to its construction, development, origins, function, longevity, adaptive re -use, domestic arrangements, its social, political, economic, strategic, historic and territorial significance and overall landscape context.

Details This record was the subject of a minor enhancement on 2 July 2015. This record has been generated from an "old county number" (OCN) scheduling record. These are monuments that were not reviewed under the Monuments Protection Programme and are some of our oldest designation records. As such they do not yet have the full descriptions of their modernised counterparts available. Please contact us if you would like further informatio n.

This monument includes a motte castle situated on the summit of a ridge surrounded by a meander of the River Kennet and within the grounds of Marlborough College within a Grade II

Registered Garden (2247). The motte survives as a circular mound of up t o 85m in diameter and 18m high. Excavations in 1912 found layers of charcoal and antler picks which have long caused speculation as to whether this was a prehistoric earthwork which was re -used as a motte, although a survey in 2001did not prove the castle to be anything other than medieval in origin. Further excavations in 1936 found the footings for a curtain wall and the buttress for a shell keep on the summit together with 12th to 13th century pottery. Speculation of this having once been part of a much larger castle with baileys was apparently fuelled by the discovery of a V-shaped profile ditch to the north of the motte in 2000 and it has long been believed that much of the bailey extended to the south although the extent of this is not known. In 2005 further excavations indicated the spiral path which winds its way up to the summit was in existence from 1654. Marlborough was part of a royal borough which was visited often by sovereigns, there is no documentary mention of a castle prior to 1138, but it is thought significant that William I imprisoned Bishop Aethelfric of Selsey in Marlborough and that Henry I held an Easter Court there in 1110. Also, several charters were signed in

Marlborough which implies the castle did already exist. The first definiti ve documentary record was in 1139 when it was held by King Stephen from the Empress Matilda. There was further building work during the reign of Henry II which included the ‘Great Tower’ and continued from 1175 to 1179. King John had the castle repaired an d a ring wall built around the motte in 1209-11. Henry III spent £2000 on works between 1227 and 1272 which included work on two chapels, the hall, the keep, two barbicans, a curtain wall, two bridges, gatehouse, and the Queen's apartments. From 1273-1369 it formed part of the Queen's possessions as her ‘Dower House’. However, by 1403 it had deteriorated significantly and subsequently remained neglected. Allegedly the black marble font now in Preshute Church came from the castle chapel and was supposedly used to baptise King John and Edward the

Black Prince. The winding path, a grotto (listed at Grade II) and a water tower on top of the motte were all landscape garden features from the 17th to 18th centuries. The grotto was originally part of a canal and cascade feature associated with the mound.

Selected Sources

Other

PastScape 220514

Wiltshire HER SU16NE450

National Grid Reference: SU 18366 68656

Map

© Crown Copyright and database right 2018. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. © British Crown and SeaZone Solutions Limited 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 102006.006. Use of this data is subject to Terms and Conditions. The above map is for quick reference purposes only and may not be to scale. For a copy of the full scale map, please see the attached PDF - 1005634 .pdf

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Appendix 3

Registered Historic Park and Garden Description

Marlborough College

List Entry Summary

This garden or other land is registered under the Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act 1953 within the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens by English Heritage for its special historic interest.

Name: Marlborough College

List entry Number: 1001239

Location

Bath Road, Marlborough, Wiltshire, SN8 1PA

The garden or other land may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County:

District: Wiltshire

District Type: Unitary Authority

Parish: Marlborough

National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.

Grade: II

Date first registered: 01-Sep-1987

Date of most recent amendment: 16-Jun-2014

Legacy System Information

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System: Parks and Gardens

UID: 2247

Asset Groupings

This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.

List entry Description

Summary of Garden

The remains of an early-C18 formal garden designed for Marlborough House, incorporating a motte of an C11 castle (adapted from a prehistoric mound), which by the mid -C17 was adopted as a garden feature. Since 1843 the garden has formed part of the grounds of Marlborough College, with a memorial garden square added in 1921-5 designed by the architect W G Newton.

Reasons for Designation

Marlborough College is included on the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest at Grade II for the following principal reasons:

* Representative example: it is a good survival of an early-C18 formal landscape, that consciously incorporates important earlier archaeological features into its design, including the C11 prominent former castle motte;

* Documentation and influence: the historic landscape development of the site is well documented; * Group value: it has strong group value with the castle motte (scheduled ancient monument), and the associated listed buildings, including the early-C18 grotto (listed Grade II).

History

The site of Marlborough College was formerly occupied by Marlborough Castle, first mentioned in documents of 1138, although it is thought to have been built soon after 1066 (VCH 1983). The mount situated in the centre of the site formed the castle's motte. Recent radiocarbon dates obtained from two soil cores taken through the Marlborough Castle mount show the main body of it to be of Neolithic origins, contemporaneous to nearby Silbury Hill, and dating to the second half of the 3rd millennium cal BC (Leary, 2013).

By 1541 Marlborough Castle was ruinous, and a house probably occupied the site by then or soon after. Sir Francis Seymour constructed a new house on the site before 1621, perhaps set within formal gardens with the mound possibly in use as a garden mount. In 1642, considerable damage was done to the site when parliamentary soldiers used the mount for defence purposes, and also in 1644, when Charles II took possession of Seymour's house and fortified it. Two years later, Seymour was allowed to rebuild his house, by then called Marlborough House. In 1654 John Evelyn visited him and noted the mount, which was certainly in use as a garden feature at that date (Bray 1898).

In the early-C18, under the ownership of Lord and Lady Hertford, further improvements were undertaken to the house and grounds at Marlborough. In 1705, possibly in order to create formal gardens to the south-east of the house, a section of Bath Road (now, 1999, called Pewsey Road), was diverted further east (VCH 1983), as recorded by Stukeley on a plan in his ltinerarium Curiosum of 1776. The latter includes three illustrations of the gardens at Marlborough House, the earliest being a bird's-eye view dated 6 July 1723. This shows formal gardens that include the mount, terraces, parterres, a wilderness, canals, and various garden buildings. Stukeley probably visited the gardens at Marlborough on various occasions in the first half of the C 18, when he was also engaged with studies of nearby Wilton House (qv) and Avebury (Field and Brown 1999). Sometime before 1726, Lady Hertford created a grotto at the base of the mount, and subsequently, in the late 1730s, further improvements to the garden were undertaken which involved the widening of parts of the moat, the buildin g of a ruinous arch, and the addition of cascades.

From 1751 until 1843, the house was in use as the Castle Inn (later Hotel), with the gardens being used by its guests. Several visitors described them in letters and travel reports, and although neglected, the layout of the gardens seems to have remained unchanged during this period (guidebook).

In 1843, Marlborough House became part of Marlborough College, and in the C20 it was renamed C-House. Shortly after 1843 various new school buildings, designed by the architects E Blore, G E Street, and A W Blomfield, were built around the existing courtyard, incorporating the various C17 outbuildings of Marlborough House. In 1883--6 the chapel of St Michael and All Angels was built by G Bodley and T Gamer to the north of the mount, replacing a chapel built by E Blore in 1848. Under the educationalist Cyril Norwood, headmaster from 1917 until 1925, the college grounds were expanded to the north -west of the mount by the creation of the Memorial Hall and garden-square of 1921-5, designed by W G Newton in memory of those Marlburians killed in the First World War. In the late 1930s a small formal garden was created to the south of the chapel. Of the group of mid -C19 buildings around the courtyard, the dining hall was replaced in 1961-2 by Norwood Hall, designed by David Roberts. Further school buildings were introduced immediately to the south of the mount in the second half of the C20, covering the site of the former wilderness.

Details

LOCATION, AREA, BOUNDARIES, LANDFORM, SETTING Marlborough College, a site of circa 9ha, is situated immediately to the south-west of the town of Marlborough.

To the north-west the site is bounded by Bath Road (A4). Along the north-east boundary runs Pewsey Road (A3455), with the town of Marlborough and the parish church beyond it. To the south the site is embraced by various arms of the River Kennet which curves around the site. The site slopes gently eastwards in the direction of the river. From the mount, which is situated in the western part of the site, there are fine views in a southerly direction towards Granham Hill, and the Preshute White Horse, which was cut in the hill in 1804 by local schoolboys.

ENTRANCES AND APPROACHES The main entrance to Marlborough College is flanked by gate piers, gates, and railings (listed Grade II) lies to the north-west of the site along Bath Road. To its east stands the Porter's Lodge (listed Grade II), built in 1876 -7. The entrance leads into the north-west end of a rectangular courtyard, around which are ranged the main school buildings, including the chapel of St Michael and All Angels. The centre of the courtyard is laid to lawn with a perimeter drive. The location of the entrance and the courtyard itself dates back to the mid-C17, when Marlborough House was built. By 1723 the courtyard was probably surrounded by a wall with the stable block and various outbuildings to the north-east (Stukeley 1724). An aerial photograph of 1921 shows the courtyard with a tree - lined avenue running from the entrance to Marlborough House. This was probably planted in the mid-to-late C19 and was removed in the late-C20.

A second entrance is situated on Marlborough High Street to the north-east of the site. From here a straight walk runs along the south-east front of Marlborough House in south-westerly direction to a school building called Leaf Block (late-C20).

PRINCIPAL BUILDING Marlborough House (listed Grade I), known since the late -C20 as C- House, stands at the far south-east end of the entrance courtyard. It is constructed of brick and has a hipped roof. Both the north-west and the south-east facades have fifteen bays, with the three central bays recessed. The north-west front looks onto the courtyard and the central bay with the main entrance is covered by a passage which is screened by a colonnade of paired Ionic columns. The south-east facade, with central steps that lead up to the entrance set in the central bay, overlooks the garden.

Since the mid-C19, C-House has formed part of a group of buildings associated with school use which surround the courtyard. They include A-house (listed Grade II), the Art School, Norwood Hall, the Bradleian Building (listed Grade II), the Museum Block (listed Grade II), and B-House (listed Grade II). To the north of C-House are the remains of the late-C17 stable block, incorporated in the C19 school buildings situated in this area. To the east of C -House stands the Master's Lodge of 1845-50 designed by E Blore, which overlooks the Master's Garden. The latter possibly incorporates the remains of the early-C18 garden in this area.

GARDENS AND PLEASURE GROUNDS The gardens at Marlborough College can be divided into four main areas: the gardens to the south-east of C-House, which includes the Master's Garden and the Common Room Garden; the Mount and the grotto; the memorial garden square in the north-west corner of the site; and the garden to the south of the chapel.

The gardens to the south-east of C-House cover a rectangular area that slopes down in an easterly direction towards the River Kennet. Immediately south-east of C-House is a semi- circular lawn surrounded by a raised bank planted with mature yews. Behind the yews is a raised area with various mature trees, now (1999) overgrown. Immediately to the south -west of C-House is a sunken brick-paved garden with a square pond in the centre, created in the late 1960s. From this area a straight, raised gravel walk lined by a brick wall along its north - east side leads in south-easterly direction. Below the wall is a border with mixed plants. The raised walk, which overlooks a lawn to the south, probably dates from the early-C18, when it formed part of the formal gardens laid out in this area (Stukeley 1724). The raised walk and the lawn below it, are now called the Common Room Garden. At the far south-east end of the raised walk, recently (1999) installed steps lead to a square lawn surrounded by a tree belt, with the River Kennet beyond it, and the Master's Garden situated to its north. The Master's Lodge stands to the north of the Master's Garden, which has two terraces and is laid out to lawn. Central steps from both terraces lead down to a large square lawn where there are two square beds, flanked by two clipped yews. Immediately south-east of the Master's Lodge is a second square lawn surrounded by a beech hedge.

The cone-shaped Mount (scheduled ancient monument) stands to the west of the courtyard and is surrounded by a tarmacked road. It is circular in plan, 31m high (Field 1999), and is planted with a variety of trees. A spiral walk, flanked by mature yew trees, possibly of early- C18 date, gradually leads to the summit. Concrete steps on the south side, installed in the late-C20, also lead to the top of the Mount. Here stands a water tank, now (1999) out of use, in a flat-bottomed depression circa 15m in diameter (ibid), which is surrounded by an earthen bank that overlies the spiral walk. To its west is a brick chimney that formerly served a boiler house at the base of the Mount. On the east side of the Mount, just below the summit alo ng the spiral walk, are the remains of an arched brick feature, circa 3m long and 2m deep, possibly a former gazebo. On the south-east side, next to the concrete steps set into the base of the Mount, is the early-C18 grotto of flint with a stone band (listed Grade II) created by Lady Hertford. A flat, corrugated-iron roof replaces a former domed vaulted roof. In a letter to the Countess Pomfret, Lady Hertford mentions, 'the grotto which we have made under the mound, and which ... I think is itself much prettier than at Twickenham [Alexander Pope's Grotto, qv]'. The grotto was repaired and restored in the late 1980s.

The memorial garden square (1921-5), is situated in the north-west corner of the site. Newton's Memorial Hall of the same date stands to its south, and the chapel of St Michael and All Angels of 1883-6 (listed Grade II) to its east. The garden square is bordered to the north, along Bath Road, by a grass bank with a row of mature trees situated behind a retaining wall, and is flanked to the east and west by two grassed terraces on either side. The garden square itself is surrounded by a brick wall, and on its north-east side a flight of steps, flanked by clipped yew trees and hedges, leads up to the chapel of St Michael and All Angels, which is situated on a higher level and is surrounded by a small churchyard. The chapel was specifically incorporated in Newton's design for the Memorial Hall and the garden square, on the request of Cyril Norwood, Headmaster at the time (guidebook). There is a circular stone of remembrance laid in the paving in front of the west doors of the chapel. It used to bear the inscription, 'Let us make earth a garden in which the deeds of the valiant may blossom and bear fruit', but this has worn away (Hamilton 1986). The Mem orial Hall, built in the Greek style, is described by Pevsner as being 'as near to the American campus style of the same years as anything this side of the Atlantic' (Pevsner and Cherry 1975). Along its north front is a row of eight large Doric columns and a terrace paved in large natural stone slabs, from which steps lead into the square. The square itself is paved with red brick, laid in a geometrical pattern. In the centre of the square is a hexagonal pond; this formerly had a fountain but is now (1999) filled in. Central steps on the west side of the square lead to Bath Road and the footpath along the west boundary of the site.

Immediately north of the Mount, below the chapel of St Michael and All Angels, is a small formal rose garden. It was laid out in the late 1930s (OS 1943) and its ground plan follows that of the chapel, with a rounded apse at its east end. The garden can be entered through a brick loggia with three arches situated at its west end. Attached to the north is a small gatehouse with a tiled roof. Along the north side the garden is surrounded by a yew hedge clipped into alternating square blocks, some with wooden seats between them, and along the south side by a serpentine hedge. The central part of the garden is laid to a lawn, bounded b y square rose beds and lined with a natural stone-paved path.

Selected Sources

Books and journals The Victoria History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume Xll, (1975), 337-41 The Victoria History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume Xll, (1983), 160-83 Bray, W, Diary and Correspondence of John Evelyn, F.R.S. I, , (1898), 302 Field, D, Brown, G, Field Survey of the Marlborough Mount: An Earthen Mound at, (1999) Hamilton, N, A History of the Chapel of St Michael and All Angels, Marlborough College, Wiltshire , (1986), 86 Hawkes, J, Archaeological Assessment of a Proposed Development at Marlborough College, Wiltshire, (1996) Jones, B, Follies and Grottoes, (1974) Pevsner, N , The Buildings of England: Wiltshire, (1975) Stukeley, W, Itinerarium Curiosum, I, (1724) Other Marlborough College, a short history and guide, guidebook, (1997), Ordnance Survey map 1943 edition, Ordnance Survey map 1st edition surveyed 1883, published 1886, Ordnance Survey map 2nd edition revised 1889, published 1900, Ordnance Survey map 3rd edition revised 1922, published 1923, OS 25" to I mile: 2nd edition revised 1900, published 1901, OS 6" to 1 mile: 1st edition surveyed 1883, published 1899, Sketch Plan of the Castle Inn, Marlborough & surroundings, c 1780 (9/2/381), (Wiltshire an d Swindon Record Office), Tithe map for Preshute parish, 1843-7 (Wiltshire and Swindon Record Office),

National Grid Reference: SU1846368649

Map

Appendix 4

List Descriptions: C House and A Block

C HOUSE

This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

Name: C HOUSE

List entry Number: 1273163

Location

C HOUSE

District: Wiltshire

District Type: Unitary Authority

Parish: Marlborough

Grade: I

Date first listed: 18-Jul-1949

Date of most recent amendment: 21-Oct-1974

Legacy System Information

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System: LBS

UID: 310459

List entry Description

Details

MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE 1. 5407 C House [formerly listed as Main Block] SU 1868 5/106 18.7.49. I GV

2. 1699 (bricks ordered). 1702 (building according to Celia Fiennes). 1706 (west wing built, east wing unbuilt). 1723 (drawn by stukeley complete). Chequer brick. Rubbed brick quoins and central block. Hipped old tile roofs. Very tall chequer brick chimneys, one on the north front of the east block with a pronounced entasis, all with cornicing and sunken panels. 2 storeys of unequal height attics, and basement on garden (south) front. String above ground floor. Richly carved wood modillion eaves cornice. 3 adjacent blocks, smaller central one set back deeply on courtyard (north) side, andvery slightly on garden (south) side. Courtyard side has 5-3-5 ranges of cased sashes with glazing bars, those in central block with arched heads, and sunk panels below 1st floor windows. Flanking blocks have 3 attic dormers each, casements with glazing bars, moulded cornices and pedimented gable ends. Central block is crowned by modillioned pediment. Ashlar colonnade of 4 pairs of unfluted Roman Ionic columns takes full entablature across space between flanking wings: covered passage from colonnade to north door: colonnade bought from Mildenhall Woodlands circa 1800. Garden front has 6-3-6 ranges of windows, and 4 dormers instead of 3 to flanking blocks; otherwise these are the same. Central block has ashlar moulded window embrasures, impost blocks, keystones, aprons and consoles. Central range is entirely ashlar faced, and has curving flight of stairs with C18 iron rails to door with moulded surround and cornice on consoles. parapet to roof with 4 ashlar piers, and 3 sunk panels. West front has central door with ashlar surround and segmental pediment on consoles. Interior has good staircase hall: staircase with huge vase- shaped balusters. Re-set Jacobean fireplace with much strapwork and carving depicting Moses striking rock. Good early C18 panelling throughout and stone- flagged hall. History: the College stands on the site of Marlborough Castle, a Royal castle built in the C12 or slightly earlier (first mentioned 1138 [Annales Mcnaatici II]. Of this nothing survived in 1610, except a "heap of rammel" (Camden), and nothing survives now except the Castle Mound. By this time the castle was in the hands of the Seymour family of Wolf Hall, hereditary Wardens of Savernake Forest. The Seymours rose to a position of national importance during the lifetime of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (executed 1554). The 1st Duke began to build himself a palace at Bedwyn Broil, in Savernake Forest which was abandoned on his disgrace. His son, the 1st Earl of Hertferd, begun Tottenham Park in the Forest in 1573. The 1st Earl was succeeded by his grandsons in 1621, the elder inheriting the peerage and Savernake Forest, the younger inheriting Marlborough Castle. The elder was created 2nd Duke of Somerset in 1660, the younger 1st Baron Seymour of Trowbridge in 1640. The younger grandson, then Sir Francis Seymour, began a house on the College site shortly after inheriting; and this house was visited by Charles II during the ownership of the 2nd Lord Seymour of Trowbridge in 1663, On the death of the 4th Duke of Somerset in 1675, the elder line had no more male heirs, so Savenake Forest and Tottenham Park passed to the 4th Duke's niece, the Countess of Elgin and Ailesbury, while the Dukedom passed to his cousin, the 3rd Lord Seymour of Trowbridge, who "offered rudeness" to a Signora Botti in 1678 and was shot dead by her husband. He was succeeded as 6th Duke of Somerset and owner of Marlborough Castle by his brother Charles, nicknamed the Proud Duke, who, resides building Petworth House, Sussex, built the present C house, Marlborough College, on the site of the house built in 1621 by Sir Francis Seymour. The Proud Duke lived until 1748, but mainly at Petworth, while his son, the Earl of Hertford, lived at Marlborough, where his wife, a friend and admirer of Alexander Pope created a picturesque garden. On his death in 1750, C House was sold and became the Castle Inn, a particularly chic stopping point on the route from London to Bath. The Castle Inn fell on hard times (like the rest of the town) with the construction of the Great Western Railway in 1837, and in 1843 was bought by the newly founded Marlborough College, who immediately began the construction of the surrounding school buildings. C House, B House, The Museum Block, The Arcade, Tha Bradleian Building, The North Block, the Porter's Lodge, gates and railing, the chapel, and A House form a group.

Listing NGR: SU1848468684

Selected Sources Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details

National Grid Reference: SU 18484 68684 Map

© Crown Copyright and database right 2017. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. © British Crown and SeaZone Solutions Limited 2017. All rights reserved. Licence number 102006.006. Use of this data is subject to Terms and Conditions

A HOUSE

List Entry Summary

This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas)

Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

Name: A HOUSE

List entry Number: 1259062

District: Wiltshire

District Type: Unitary Authority

Parish: Marlborough

National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.

Grade: II

Date first listed: 21-Oct-1974

Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.

Legacy System: LBS

UID: 446151

Asset Groupings

This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information. List entry Description

Details

MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE 1. 5407 A House SU 1868 5/313

II GV 2. 1845-50. Architect Edward Blore. Red brick. Hipped slate roof. 3 storeys. Continuous ashlar sill bands. 6 ranges of sashes with glazing bars in brick "Gibbs" surrounds. 2 Italianate towers with modillioned cornices and arched lights taking flues. Long and short brick quoins. Elaborate wooden oriels in mid-C17 manner, added by Edwin H Crocker in the 1880's. Like B House, it is remarkable for being so early an example of the revival of C17 forms: like B House also its towers are the most conspicuous reminder of its real date. Unlike B House it has a much shallower pitched roof, no modillioned cornice, and no dormers, and their absence is also more typical of the 1840's than the other features. Interior: both houses have remarkable central, top-lit halls, lined by galleries with absolutely plain arcading filled in by iron railings. C House, B House, The Museum Block, The Arcade, The Bradleian Buildings, The North Block, the Porter's Lodge, gates and railings, the Chapel, and A House form a group.

Listing NGR: SU1838068726

Selected Sources Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details

National Grid Reference: SU 18388 68717

Map

© Crown Copyright and database right 2018. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. © British Crown and SeaZone Solutions Limited 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 102006.006.

Appendix 5

Marlborough Conservation Area Boundary Map

Map taken from the Marlborough Conservation Area Statement, June 2003. Kennet District Council